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Sökning: WFRF:(Johansson Gun)

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4.
  • Hariz, Marwan I, et al. (författare)
  • Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in a parkinsonian patient with preoperative deficits in speech and cognition : persistent improvement in mobility but increased dependency
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 15:1, s. 136-139
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease, including severe and frequent off periods with freezing of gait, moderate dysphonia, and some cognitive impairment, who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. The patient was followed for 1 year after surgery, showing persistent good mobility without off periods and without freezing, which reverted completely when stopping the stimulation. There was deterioration of cognition as well as increased aphonia and drooling, all of which remained when the stimulation was turned off. The striking improvement in motor symptoms following STN stimulation was not paralleled by improvement in disability, probably as a result of a cognitive decline, suggesting a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease with dementia. We conclude that chronic STN stimulation is efficient in alleviating akinetic motor symptoms including gait freezing; this surgery should be offered before patients start to exhibit speech or cognitive disturbances.
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  • Helgeland, Øyvind, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of the genetic architecture of infant and early childhood body mass index.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-5812. ; 4:3, s. 344-358
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Early childhood obesity is a growing global concern; however, the role of common genetic variation on infant and child weight development is unclear. Here, we identify 46 loci associated with early childhood body mass index at specific ages, matching different child growth phases, and representing four major trajectory patterns. We perform genome-wide association studies across 12 time points from birth to 8 years in 28,681 children and their parents (27,088 mothers and 26,239 fathers) in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Monogenic obesity genes are overrepresented near identified loci, and several complex association signals near LEPR, GLP1R, PCSK1 and KLF14 point towards a major influence for common variation affecting the leptin-melanocortin system in early life, providing a link to putative treatment strategies. We also demonstrate how different polygenic risk scores transition from birth to adult profiles through early child growth. In conclusion, our results offer a fine-grained characterization of a changing genetic landscape sustaining early childhood growth.
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7.
  • Johansson, Gun-Britt, 1956- (författare)
  • Synderskan och lagen: Barnamord i tre Norrlandslän 1830-1870
  • 2006
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • ABSTRACTMany studies have been conducted on infanticide and child homicide. Researchers have approached the subject with different theoretical frameworks and explored it from different dimensions, geographical areas, and time periods. As much as the questions have varied so have the answers. This study contributes to greater clarity on the causes of infanticide. Despite numerous studies on the subject, there is still no consensus its causes. My aim has been to combine different strategies for understanding the subject. I have used material both from an aggregated level and from an individual level. The main question I sought to answer was whether social causes rather than individual factors force or trigger women to kill their newborn child? Court material also provides for an in-depth understanding of our history. The social sciences have frequently drawn sketches of the social world with big lines. These lines have been necessary and useful to point at large-scale transformations of civilisation and modernisation but, in terms of understanding real life, they can provide us with a foggy and even mistaken picture. When social scientists enter the historical archives and similar sources, we often blunder in its richness and variation. Society may, in any case, have always been complicated and the every day life for each person as well.My findings show that infanticide signals low tolerance. In general, the women did not want to kill their own children. Moreover, my findings, like the results of other studies before mine, demonstrate that women who carry out infanticide represent normal women. To my knowledge, there isn’t one study on infanticide that claims the women were not normal. Women who committed infanticide did so out of fear: fear of losing their social bonds. They killed their children if the existence of the bonds was endangered or threatened. Often social bonds were related to their work situation as maids in farming households. If they couldn’t stay in the household after having the baby, many women had no where else to go. Their parents – poor, elderly or deceased – were unable to help. Sometimes the social bonds were threatened by other factors, often related to the child’s father. If he was already married or had a close relation with the woman’s family, their relationship could in fact, break her bonds to her own family and other relatives. Some women already had an illegitimate child. With a child out of wedlock, they had a difficult time getting work and housing. If they got pregnant again and the father to the new child refused to marry her or to support the child, she could in fact lack any resources for handling the situation.Finally: the findings talk about honour and infanticide. It was always shameful to get a child out of wedlock. But demographic research from North of Sweden has shown that these children had almost the same chances of survival during their first year as legitimate children. Sexuality outside marriage was not respected but much discussion around honour was more related to how the women would manage with the child. In my findings, shame seems to be related to having no support. Extramarital relations were not accepted but people probably didn’t care to much about it as far as they managed on their own. Being rejected, helpless, not able to work and not able to take care of the child that was what shame was about.Keywords: Infanticide, child homicide, illegitimacy, social bonds, shame
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  • Johansson, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • Conditioned openings and restraints : The meaning‐making of women professionals breaking into the male‐dominated sector of forestry
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 27:6, s. 927-943
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article addresses how women forestry professionals articulate and interpret their experiences of being a woman and a professional in the male‐dominated context of forestry. The findings suggest that the entrance of women into forestry has created openings as well as restraints within the dominant discourses of forestry organizations. Gendered constructions of skills and a workplace culture described as built on homosocial values cause women to feel questioned and disadvantaged. At the same time, women are valued for their perceived capacity to perform relational‐based aspects of forestry work and as a means to reduce gender segregation. We conclude that while these openings are conditioned by discourses of gender differences and masculine privileges, they provide women, to some extent, with subjectivity and organizational space that, with time, may challenge the dominant and gendered discourses of forestry organizations.
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9.
  • Johansson, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • The Discursive Resistance of Men to Gender-equality Interventions : Negotiating “Unjustness”and “Unnecessity”in Swedish Forestry
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Men and Masculinities. - : Sage Publications. - 1097-184X .- 1552-6828. ; 22:2, s. 177-196
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article adds to the understanding of men’s discursive resistance in relation to gender-equality interventions at work. Using Swedish men forestry professionals as the empirical base, the result shows how discursive resistance were performative acts, part of the construction of the same gender-equality interventions and organizational contexts that they were perceived to describe. In this case, direct opposition to gender equality provided a limited discursive position and sets of logics available in practice. Instead, the possibilities to renegotiate gender-equality interventions as unjust and unnecessary required, we conclude that the industry’s ambition to hire and promote more women was perceived to have led to the use of affirmative action and the disruption of meritocratic principles and that the problems of gender equality were placed in the traditional forestry and among “prejudiced old men,” as oppose to the more “modern” and “women friendly” forestry of today.
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10.
  • Johansson, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Women forestry professionals meaning making of gender and gender equality
  • 2015
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we explore meaning makings of gender equality in forestry by drawing on a national survey of all women with an academic forestry education in Sweden. We analyse two open-ended questions concerning their experiences of being a woman in forestry and how gender equality in forestry could be improved. The aim is to investigate how these narratives construct norms and notions of "gender equality" in relation to forestry. We identify three dominant logics where gender equality is constructed: 1, in relation to women and concerning numerical representation. 2, as gendered power relations and organisational norms and culture. 3, as something distant from themself by emphasising that their position in the industry is motivated by competence rather than gender. While issues of gender equality has climbed the agenda of the men dominated Swedish forestry, little is known about how these initiatives are being received and understood among men and women working in forestry. On-going research on men forestry professional indicates that "being on of the lads" still constitutes a ticket into the masculine community of forestry, and by here focusing on women forestry professionals meaning making of gender and gender equality interventions at work, this study adds to critical studies of gender equality.
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11.
  • Lindberg, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Projekt: Inkluderande tillväxt i skogssektorn genom innovativ samverkan
  • 2016
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Projektet syftar till att skapa inkluderande tillväxt i Norr- och Västerbottens skogssektor genom innovativ samverkan mellan näringsliv, akademi och samhälle i utveckling och utbyte av kunskaper, erfarenheter och metoder för jämställdhet och jämlikhet.
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12.
  • Witrant, Emmanuel, et al. (författare)
  • Predictive control over wireless multi-hop networks
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Proceedings Of The 2007 Ieee Conference On Control Applications. - : IEEE. - 9781424404438 ; , s. 1037-1042
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Remote control over wireless multi-hop networks is considered. Time-varying delays for the transmission of sensor and control data over the wireless network are caused by a randomized multi-hop routing protocol. The characterstics of the routing protocol together with lower-layer network mechanisms give rise to a delay process with high variance and stepwise changing mean. A new predictive control scheme with a delay estimator is proposed in the paper. The estimator is based on a Kalman filter with a change detection algorithm. It is able to track the delay mean changes but efficiently attenuate the high frequency jitter The control scheme is analyzed and its implementation detailed. Network data from an experimental setup are used to illustrate the efficiency of the approach.
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13.
  • Zackrisson, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Mature results from a Swedish comparison study of conventional versus accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - The ARTSCAN trial
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 117:1, s. 99-105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and purpose: This report contains the mature five-year data from the Swedish ARTSCAN trial including information on the influence of p16 positivity (p16+) for oropharyngeal cancers. Material and methods: Patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma without distant metastases of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx (except T1-2, NO glottic cancers) and hypopharynx were included. Patients were randomised between accelerated fractionation (AF) (1.1 Gy + 2 Gy per day, 5 days/week for 4.5 weeks, total dose 68 Gy) and conventional fractionation (CF) (2 Gy per day, 5 days/week for 7 weeks, total dose 68 Gy). Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated p16-expression was assessed retrospectively in tumour tissues from patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma. Results: There was no significant difference in loco-regional control (LRC) between AF and CF (log-rank test p = 0.75). LRC at 5 years was 65.5% for AF and 64.9% for CF. Overall survival (OS) was similar in both arms (p = 0.99). The estimated cancer specific survival (CSS) at 5 years was 62.2% (AF) and 63.3% (CF) (p = 0.99). 206 specimens were analysed for p16 with 153 specimens (74%) identified as p16+. P16 status did not discriminate for response to AF vs. CF with regard to LRC, OS or CSS. Patients with p16+ tumours had a statistically significant better overall prognosis compared with p16 tumours. Conclusion: This update confirms the results of the 2-year report. We failed to identify a positive effect resulting from AF with regards to LRC, OS and CSS. The addition of information on the HPV-associated p16 overexpression did not explain this lack of effect.
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  • Zackrisson, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Two-year results from a Swedish study on conventional versus accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - The ARTSCAN study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 100:1, s. 41-48
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and purpose: Studies on accelerated fractionation (AF) in head and neck cancer have shown increased local control and survival compared with conventional fractionation (CF), while others have been non-conclusive. In 1998 a national Swedish group decided to perform a randomised controlled clinical study of AF. Materials and methods: Patients with verified squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx (except glottic T1-T2, N0) and hypopharynx were included. Patients with prior chemotherapy or surgery were excluded. Patients were randomised to either CF (2Gy/day, 5days/week for 7 weeks, total dose 68Gy) or to AF (1.1Gy+2.0Gy/day, 5days/week for 4.5weeks, total dose 68Gy). An extensive quality assurance protocol was followed throughout the study. The primary end point was loco-regional tumour control (LRC) at two years after treatment. RESULTS: The study was closed in 2006 when 750 patients had been randomised. Eighty-three percent of the patients had stages III-IV disease. Forty eight percent had oropharyngeal, 21% laryngeal, 17% hypopharyngeal and 14% oral cancers. There were no significant differences regarding overall survival (OS) or LRC between the two regimens. The OS at two years was 68% for AF and 67% for CF. The corresponding figures for LRC were 71% and 67%, respectively. There was a trend towards improved LRC for oral cancers treated (p=0.07) and for large tumours (T3-T4) (p=0.07) treated with AF. The AF group had significantly worse acute reactions, while there was no significant increase in late effects. Conclusion: Overall the AF regimen did not prove to be more efficacious than CF. However, the trend towards improved results in AF for oral cancers needs to be further investigated.  
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  • Abrahamsson, Gun, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Ekonomiska ansvarsenheter
  • 2013. - 1
  • Ingår i: Perspektiv på ekonomistyrning. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147096947 ; , s. 14-35
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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16.
  • Agnew, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Factors associated with work ability in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grade II-III : a cross-sectional analysis
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : FOUNDATION REHABILITATION INFORMATION. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 47:6, s. 546-551
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate the factors related to self-perceived work ability in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grades II-III.Design: Cross-sectional analysis.Patients: A total of 166 working age patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.Methods: A comprehensive survey collected data on work ability (using the Work Ability Index); demographic, psychosocial, personal, work- and condition-related factors. Forward, stepwise regression modelling was used to assess the factors related to work ability.Results: The proportion of patients in each work ability category were as follows: poor (12.7%); moderate (39.8%); good (38.5%); excellent (9%). Seven factors explained 65% (adjusted R-2 = 0.65, p < 0.01) of the variance in work ability. In descending order of strength of association, these factors are: greater neck disability due to pain; reduced self-rated health status and health-related quality of life; increased frequency of concentration problems; poor workplace satisfaction; lower self-efficacy for performing daily tasks; and greater work-related stress.Conclusion: Condition-specific and psychosocial factors are associated with self-perceived work ability of individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.
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17.
  • Ahlqvist, Margary, et al. (författare)
  • A new reliable tool (PVC assess) for assessment of peripheral venous catheters
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:6, s. 1108-1115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rationale and aims To evaluate the extensive use of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs), including catheter-related complications, a reliable tool for PVC assessment is needed. The aim of this study was to develop such a tool to evaluate PVCs in relation to management, documentation and signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis (TH), as well as to determine its inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Method The tool development included confirmation of content and face validity. Two groups of registered nurses used the new tool (PVC assess) to assess PVC management and signs of TH independently. Group A (n = 3) assessed 26 items in 67 PVCs bedside (inter-rater reliability). Group B (n = 3) assessed photographs (67 PVCs, 21 items) of the same PVCs as those in Group A with a 4-week interval (test-retest reliability). Proportion of agreement P(A) and Cohen's kappa were calculated to evaluate inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Results Among nurses assessing PVCs at bedside, the P(A) was good to excellent (0.80-1) in 96% of the items in PVC assess. In 80% of the items kappa was substantial to almost perfect (0.61-1). TH sign erythema fell into the fair range (kappa = 0.40). In test-retest reliability analysis the P(A) was within the good and excellent range (0.80-1.0) and kappa varied from moderate to almost perfect (0.41-1.0) in 95% of the items. One item 'outer dressing is clean' was in fair range (0.21-0.40). Conclusions The PVC assess instrument shows satisfactory inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Reliability tests on reviewing documentation remain to be performed.
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18.
  • Ahlqvist, Margary, et al. (författare)
  • Satisfactory reliability among nursing students using the instrument PVC ASSESS to evaluate management of peripheral venous catheters
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Access. - : SAGE Publications. - 1129-7298 .- 1724-6032. ; 15:2, s. 128-134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Nursing students should be given opportunities to participate in clinical audits during their education. However, audit tools are seldom tested for reliability among nursing students. The aim of this study was to present reliability among nursing students using the instrument PVC assess to assess management of peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) and PVC-related signs of thrombophlebitis. Methods: PVC assess was used to assess 67 inserted PVCs in 60 patients at ten wards at a university hospital. One group of nursing students (n= 4) assessed PVCs at the bedside (inter-rater reliability) and photographs of these PVCs were taken. Another group of students (n= 3) assessed the PVCs in the photographs after 4 weeks (test-retest reliability). To determine reliability, proportion of agreement [P(A)] and Cohen's kappa coefficient (k) were calculated. Results: For bedside assessment of PVCs, P(A) ranged from good to excellent (0.80-1.0) in 55% of the 26 PVC assess items that were tested. P(A) was poor (< 0.70) for two items: "adherence of inner dressing to the skin" and " PVC location." In 81% of the items, k was between moderate and almost perfect: moderate (n= 5), substantial (n= 3), almost perfect (n= 5). For edema at insertion site and two items on PVC dressing, k was fair (0.21-0.40). Regarding test-retest reliability, P(A) varied between good and excellent (0.81-1) in 85%-95% of the items, and the k ranged between moderate and almost perfect (0.41-1) in 90%-95%. Conclusions: PVC assess demonstrated satisfactory reliability among nursing students. However, students need training in how to use the instrument before assessing PVCs.
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19.
  • Andersson, Elias, et al. (författare)
  • Constituting gender and gender equality through policy : the political of gender mainstreaming in the Swedish forest industry
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2040-7149 .- 2040-7157. ; 37:8, s. 763-779
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeIn Sweden, gender mainstreaming policies have a long political history. As part of the national gender equality strategy of the Swedish forest industry, the ten largest forestry companies committed themselves to gender mainstream their policies. Limiting the impact of policies and the agency of change, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the varied and conflicting meanings and constitution of the concepts, the problem and, in extent, the organisational realities of gender mainstreaming.Design/methodology/approachIn both, implementation and practice, gender mainstreaming posse challenges on various levels and by analysing these documents as practical texts from the WPR-approach. This paper explores constructions of gender and gender equality and their implications on the practice and the political of gender mainstreaming in a male-dominated primary industry.FindingsThe results show that the organisations themselves were not constituted as the subject of the policy but instead some of the individuals (women). The subject position of women represented in company policy was one of lacking skills and competences and in the need of help. Not only men and the masculine norms but organisational processes and structures were also generally invisible in the material. Power and conflict were mainly absent from the understanding of gender equality. Instead, consenting ideas of gender equality were the focus. Such conceptualisations of gender equality are beneficial for all risk concealing power structures and thereby limit the political space for change.Originality/valueBy highlighting the scale of policy and the significance of organisational contexts, the results indicate how gender and gender equality are constitutive through the governing technologies of neoliberal and market-oriented ideologies in policy – emphasising the further limiting of space for structural change and politicalization within the male-dominated organisations of Swedish forest industry.
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20.
  • Bergman, Peter N., et al. (författare)
  • Do job demands and job control affect problem-solving?
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 42:2, s. 195-203:42, s. 195-203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The Job Demand Control model presents combinations of working conditions that may facilitate learning, the active learning hypothesis, or have detrimental effects on health, the strain hypothesis. To test the active learning hypothesis, this study analysed the effects of job demands and job control on general problem-solving strategies. Participants: A population-based sample of 4,636 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with the same job characteristics measured at two times with a three year time lag was used. Methods: Main effects of demands, skill discretion, task authority and control, and the combined effects of demands and control were analysed in logistic regressions, on four outcomes representing general problem-solving strategies. Results: Those reporting high on skill discretion, task authority and control, as well as those reporting high demand/high control and low demand/high control job characteristics were more likely to state using problem solving strategies. Conclusions: Results suggest that working conditions including high levels of control may affect how individuals cope with problems and that workplace characteristics may affect behaviour in the non-work domain.
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21.
  • Bernes, Gun, et al. (författare)
  • Forskning pågår - från foder till ost
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nytt / Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap.
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • I ett samarbete mellan Norrmejerier, Växa Sverige och institutioner vid SLU i Umeå och i Uppsala pågår tre sammanlänkade projekt där vi studerar hur ostens kvalitet påverkas av olika faktorer, från gård till mejeri. De bakterier och andra mikroorganismer som finns i foder, mjölk och ost studeras särskilt noga. Vi vill bland annat veta vad mikrofloran har för inverkan på ostens lagringstid och på dess smak och konsistens. 
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22.
  • Bernes, Gun, et al. (författare)
  • Från vallfoder till ost
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Svenska vallbrev. - 1653-8064. ; , s. 3-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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23.
  • Bernes, Gun, et al. (författare)
  • Vad påverkar mikrofloran i mjölken på gård och mejeri?
  • 2019
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • När man producerar långtidslagrad ost är det viktigt att kunna förutsäga lagringstiden och minimera förlusterna i produktionen från ystning till lagring och leverans av färdigt produkt. Mejeriet kan styra över processer och lagring men kan bara i begränsad omfattning påverka mjölkråvarans sammansättning. Projektet har syftat till att undersöka sambandet mellan olika gårdsfaktorer och sammansättning och mikroflora i mjölkråvaran på gården (gårdsmjölken). Dessutom undersöktes sambandet mellan mjölkråvaran på mejeriet (silomjölken) och kvaliteten och mognadstiden hos långtidslagrade ostar. Vi ville också studera säsongsvariationen hos mjölkråvarans kvalitet med fokus på mikrofloran. Studien inleddes med att dokumentera produktionen av mjölk på gårdar som levererar mjölk till mejeriet i Burträsk och dessutom några ekologiska gårdar som jämförelse. Totalt omfattande studien 43 gårdar. Dokumentationen inleddes med en enkät rörande gårdarnas storlek, inhysning, vallproduktion, fodermedel, mjölkningsrutiner mm. Enkätsvaren har kompletterats med data från Växa Sverige (Kokontrollen). Gårdarna har besökts vid två tillfällen då grovfoderprover tagits som analyserats för fermentationskvalitet. För att studera säsongsvariationen i mjölkråvarans kvalitet under ett år har prov från gårdarnas mjölktankar samlats in månadsvis av tankbilschaufförerna (utöver ordinarie provtagning). Proverna har analyserats för traditionella parametrar, inklusive totalantal bakterier och termoresistenta bakterier, men även för aktiviteten av plasmin, ett enzym som bryter ned mjölkens protein. För att få information om vilka bakterier som förekommer i gårds- och silomjölk, dvs sammansättningen av mjölkens mikroflora, har prover analyserats med molekylär teknik, s.k. DNA-sekvensering. Resultaten beskriver bakteriernas fördelning i procent men anger inte hur många de är i absoluta tal eller vilken betydelse de har. För att studera sambanden mellan gårdsdata, mjölkkvalitet inklusive mikroflorans sammansättning, och säsong har vi skapat ett antal matriser som länkar olika typer av information till varandra och bearbetat data med multivariata statistiska metoder. Vi har utifrån detta försökt utvärdera vilka faktorer på gården som påverkar gårdsmjölkens kvalitet, mikroflora och plasminaktivitet. Den viktigaste faktorn för totalantal bakterier och mikroflorans sammansättning visade sig vara vilket mjölkningssystem som fanns på gården, dvs bås, grop eller robot. Gårdar med robotmjölkning hade högre antal bakterier och fler termoresistenta bakterier i mjölken jämfört med de andra systemen. De hade även en annan sammansättning av mikrofloran jämfört med gårdar med mjölkning på bås. Mjölkning i grop visade sig vara ett mellanting mellan bås- och robotsystem när det gäller bakterier. Vi kunde även se att mjölknings- och diskrutiner hade betydelse för mikroflorans sammansättning och mjölkkvalitet, liksom hygienen på båspallen, användning av gummimatta och att korna inte klövverkas för sällan. I projektets andra del studerades kopplingen mellan silomjölkens sammansättning och produktion och lagring av långtidslagrad ost. Vi tog prover från mjölksilos innan pastörisering av mjölken och analyserade dessa för samma parametrar som för gårdsmjölken i den första delen av projekt, inklusive DNA-analyser av mikrofloran. Vid mejeriet i Burträsk tillverkas ost i stor skala och varje mjölksilo innehåller mjölk från ett stort antal gårdar. Mjölken som provtogs och analyserades i den här delen av studien kom i huvudsak från de gårdar som ingick i projektet men även från ett antal gårdar som inte deltog i projektet. Silomjölken provtogs från februari 2016 till februari 2017. Vid varje tillfälle togs prov från två eller tre silos. Ostar som producerades av mjölken provtogs och analyserades på alla traditionella parametrar inklusive sensoriska analyser. Detta gjordes efter 14 månaders mognadstid och därefter fram till att de bedömts som färdiga. För att förstå sambanden mellan silomjölk och ostproduktion analyserades data med multivariata statistiska metoder. Det fanns endast svaga samband mellan silomjölkens mikroflora före pastörisering och den resulterande ostens kvalitet och lagringstid. Det fanns dock viss koppling mellan mjölkens kvalitet och utbytet av ystningen, dvs hur mycket mjölk 4 som går åt för att göra ett kilo ostmassa; förhöjda värden för celltal, fria fettsyror, totalantal bakterier och pH var kopplat till minskat utbyte, medan högre fett- och proteinhalt var kopplat till ett högre utbyte. Orsaken till att vi bara ser svaga samband mellan silomjölkens sammansättning inklusive mikroflora, och ostens kvalitet, beror främst på att silomjölken är en blandning av mjölk från många gårdar, vilket gör att vi inte ser den tydliga variation som finns mellan enskilda gårdar.
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24.
  • Bodin, Theo, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in Precarious Employment in Sweden 1992–2017 : A Social Determinant of Health
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to identify trends in precarious employment in the Swedish workforce from 1992 to 2017. This is a repeated cross-sectional study, analyzing the total working population aged 16–75 in Sweden at five-year intervals. We used version 2.0 of the Swedish Register-based Operationalization of Precarious Employment, covering the following dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, lack of rights and protection. The proportion in precarious employment increased from 9.7 to 12% between 1992 and 2017, a relative increase of 24%. The prevalence was higher among those of lower age, of low education, and immigrants. Differences between sexes converged, and there were slightly more precarious men than women in 2017. The relative increase was most pronounced among men, especially those with low educational attainment and of European origin. The increasing proportion of precarious employees is a clear challenge to the tripartite Nordic model, which requires sufficient trade-union bargaining power.
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25.
  • Boman, Kurt, et al. (författare)
  • Telemedicine improves the monitoring process in anticoagulant treatment
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. - : Royal Society of Medicine Press. - 1357-633X .- 1758-1109. ; 18:6, s. 312-316
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We compared the INR (International Normalized Ratio) monitoring process using a telemedicine device with the conventional approach in which blood samples were sent to the hospital for analysis. We conducted a randomized controlled trial. We enrolled 40 patients on chronic warfarin therapy from two primary healthcare centres (PHCs). Half were monitored using the telemedicine device and half were monitored conventionally. Each patient received three INR measurements. The total processing time was measured from blood sampling until warfarin dosing was performed in the anticoagulant clinic. The median total processing time was significantly shorter with telemedicine than usual care (34 vs. 260 min, P andlt; 0.001). This was mainly because sample transport was avoided using the point-of-care device and automatic data transmission. Telemedicine reduced the total processing time for INR monitoring and has the potential to improve the management of patients undergoing anticoagulant treatment at PHCs.
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26.
  • Boström, Curt-Åke, et al. (författare)
  • Det svenska energisystemets utsläpp till luft 1970-1990. Vad hade utsläppen till luft blivit vid en kärnkraftsavveckling? En analys av verkligt utfall och avvecklingsalternativ
  • 1994
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Om den svenska kärnkraften hade avvecklats under 1980-talet enligt något av de två avvecklingsalternativ som 1978 års Energikommission presenterade, så skulle energisektorns utsläpp av svaveldioxid till luft ha varit tre till fyra gånger större än de är idag. Energikommissionens konsekvensutredning presenterade i början av 1980-talet två alternativ för en kärnkraftsutveckling. Det första kärnkraftsblock som då var under byggnad skulle inte tas i drift och de övriga sex skulle tas ur drift till 1990. Elanvändningen beräknades i detta alternativ till 105 TWh för år 1990, vilket skulle medfört att nio kolkondensanläggningar hade byggts. I verkligheten blev elanvändningen cirka 119 TWh år 1990. Det andra alternativet innebar att avvecklingen skulle påbörjas 1985 och elanvändningen beräknades till 95 TWh. Om avvecklingsplanerna hade genomförts, skulle energisektorns utsläpp av svaveldioxid ha varit tre till fyra gånger större än vad de är idag. I denna siffra har hänsyn tagits till att dagens miljöteknik ofta medger och i praktiken uppvisar lägre utsläppsvärden än vad som anges i tillståndsvillkor från början och mitten av 1980-talet.För kväveoxider och koldioxid skulle utsläppen ha varit två till tre gånger större. Den fortsatta driften av kärnkraften under perioden 1980-1990 har inneburit att utsläppen av svaveldioxid under dessa tio år har varit drygt 500 000 ton lägre än de skulle ha varit vid en avveckling av kärnkraften. Detta motsvarar just nu fyra års samlade utsläpp från Sverige. För kväveoxider är skillnaden under de tio åren cirka 200 000 ton och för koldioxid cirka 150 miljoner ton. Energiproduktionen (el-, gas- och värmeverk samt uppvärmning av bostäder och lokaler) svarade 1990 för utsläpp av 25 000-30 000 ton svaveldioxid. Enligt kraftindustrins beräkningar var elproduktionens andel cirka 10 % härav. Osäkerheten är betydande om Sveriges totala utsläpp av svaveldioxid år 1980. Trots detta har det med tämligen god noggrannhet gått att beräkna energisektorns utsläpp under åren 1980-1990 och att jämföra utsläppen med de som skulle ha uppkommit vid en avveckling av kärnkraften.
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27.
  • Cedstrand, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • A Participatory Intervention to Improve the Psychosocial Work Environment and Mental Health in Human Service Organisations. A Mixed Methods Evaluation Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Work-related stress is a global problem causing suffering and economic costs. In Sweden, employees in human service occupations are overrepresented among persons on sick leave due to mental health problems such as stress-related disorders. The psychosocial work environment is one contributing factor for this problem, making it urgent to identify effective methods to decrease stress at the workplace. The aim of the study is to evaluate a participatory intervention to improve the psychosocial work environment and mental health using an embedded mixed methods design. The study is a controlled trial with a parallel process evaluation exploring fidelity and participants' reactions to the intervention activities, experiences of learning and changes in behaviours and work routines. We collected data through documentation, interviews and three waves of questionnaires. Our results show small changes in behaviours and work routines and no positive effects of the intervention on the psychosocial work environment nor health outcomes. One explanation is end-users' perceived lack of involvement over the process causing the intervention to be seen as a burden. Another explanation is that the intervention activities were perceived targeting the wrong organisational level. A representative participation over both content and process can be an effective strategy to change psychosocial working conditions and mental health.
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28.
  • Cedstrand, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Co-Creating an Occupational Health Intervention within the Construction Industry in Sweden : Stakeholder Perceptions of the Process and Output
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One way to prevent work-related stress, is to implement primary occupational health interventions aimed at improving the psychosocial work environment. However, such interventions have shown a limited effect, often due to implementation failure and poor contextual fit. Co-creation, where researchers, together with end-users and other relevant stakeholders, develop the intervention is increasingly encouraged. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of co-created interventions, and participants' experience of the co-creation process. This is one of the first studies evaluating stakeholder perceptions of co-creating an occupational health intervention. We applied a thematic analysis, with data from 12 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in the co-creation. Our results show that the respondents, in general, were satisfied with engaging in the co-creation, and they reported an increased awareness regarding risk factors of stress and how these should be handled. Additionally, the respondents described trust in the intervention activities and a good fit into the context. The study indicates that co-creating occupational health interventions can enhance the implementation and the contextual fit.
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29.
  • Cedstrand, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of a co-created occupational health intervention on stress and psychosocial working conditions within the construction industry : a controlled trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Work-related stress problems, i.e., burnout, depression, and anxiety, is a rising global health challenge. Poor mental health also appears to be a challenge for the construction industry, even though the occupational health focus has traditionally been on the physical work environment and musculoskeletal disorders. Yet, studies targeting the organisational level (i.e., work environment, policy) to enhance mental health within the construction industry are scant. Therefore, our first objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a co-created occupational health intervention on stress and psychosocial working conditions within the construction industry in Sweden. The second objective was to evaluate whether the intervention was implemented as intended, i.e., implementation fidelity. The trial is registered in the ISRCTN clinical trial registry (ISRCTN16548039, ). Methods This is a controlled trial with one intervention and one matched control group. We co-created the program logic with stakeholders from the intervention group. The essence of the chosen intervention components, duties clarification, and structured roundmaking was enhanced planning and role clarification. We assessed adherence to the intervention and dose delivered (i.e., fidelity). We collected data on the outcomes (role clarity, team effectiveness, planning, staffing, quantitative demands, and the psychosocial safety climate) with online questionnaires at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Marginal means models adjusting for missing data patterns were applied to estimate potential differences in outcomes between groups over time. Results Fidelity was considered reasonably high. Yet, we found no intervention effects on the primary outcome stress. All outcomes, except role clarity deteriorated during the trial in the intervention and control group. However, the results indicate a positive effect of the intervention components on professionals' role clarity. The pandemic appears to have negatively affected stress and psychosocial working conditions. Conclusion The study's results suggest that co-creating occupational health interventions could be one solution for improved implementation fidelity. More studies are needed to evaluate these intervention components. Also, we recommend researchers of future intervention studies consider using missing not at random, sensitivity analysis.
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30.
  • Cedstrand, Emma, et al. (författare)
  • Study protocol of a co-created primary organizational-level intervention with the aim to improve organizational and social working conditions and decrease stress within the construction industry : a controlled trial
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Within construction industry, physical work exposures have long been recognized as possible determinants for musculoskeletal disorders, but less attention has been given the increasing organizational and social work hazards and stress within this industry. There is to date a lack of knowledge about how to improve organizational and social working conditions and decrease stress within the construction industry.Methods: This paper outlines the design of a controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a co-created organizational-level intervention with the aim to improve role clarity, quantitative demands, staffing, planning, team effectiveness, psychosocial safety climate and stress. Two regions (> 700 employees) within one large construction company in Sweden will participate as intervention and control group. Further we present the design of the process evaluation assessing fidelity, support from managers, readiness for change and contextual factors. We will utilize questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observations and documentation as means for data collection, hence a mixed methods approach is applied.Discussion: The study is expected to contribute to the understanding of how adverse organizational and social working conditions and stress can be improved within the construction industry. By applying co-creation we wish to develop an intervention and implementation strategies that fit to the context, are in line with the needs of end-users and are supported by all management levels - all of which are highlighted features in successful workplace interventions.
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31.
  • Cerdas, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Development of job demands, decision authority and social support in industries with different gender composition - Sweden, 1991-2013
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundThis study aims to explore the development of job demands, decision authority and social support within and between industries with different gender composition in Sweden between 1991 and 2013.MethodsCross-sectional data from 12 waves of the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (1991 to 2013), comprising in total 109,698 respondents, were used. Industries were classified in 7 categories according to its gender composition and main activity, comprising two female-dominated, three gender-mixed and two male-dominated industries. Proportions of workers reporting high job demands, low decision authority and poor social support between 1991 and 2013 were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate variation across time, using 1991 as the reference category, and between industries, using knowledge intensive services as the reference category. Estimates for high job demands, low decision authority and poor social support were presented as average marginal effects (AMEs).ResultsThe probabilities of reporting low decision authority were higher in education and health and social care during the whole study period, for both genders, compared with the reference category of knowledge intensive services. The probability of having high job demands were higher for men and women in education, and women in health and social care, compared with the reference category. Men in the male dominated industries had increased job demands over time, compared to the beginning of the study period (1991). The probability of reporting poor social support was higher in the later than in the earliest time period for women in the female-dominated industry health and social care as well as in the gender-mixed labour intensive services industry.ConclusionsThere has been a negative development of job demands and decision authority in the female-dominated industries education and health and social care in Sweden, whereas social support has developed more negatively for women in health and social care and in labour intensive services.
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32.
  • Cerdas, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Development of Organisational and Psychosocial Work Factors Across Industries with Different Gender Composition in Sweden, 2003-2013
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Book of proceedings: 13th Conference of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - Nottingham : European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - 9780992878641 ; , s. 34-35
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In Sweden, the development of mental ill-health and sickness absence has been poorer in female-dominated industries compared to others. One possible explanation is the different developments of psychosocial working conditions across industries. Men and women appear to react similarly to the same psychosocial exposures at work, but differences in exposure patterns may prevail. There is to date a lack of studies on the extent to which psychosocial work exposures are associated with the gender segregation on the Swedish labour market at the industry level. This study aims to investigate how organisational and psychosocial work factors have developed over time across industries with different gender composition in Sweden from 2003 to 2013, and to what extent these factors differ between industries.Methods: The present study is based on repeated cross-sectional data from the Swedish Work Environment Survey (SWES). SWES is conducted biennially by Statistics Sweden (SCB) and includes Swedish workers aged 16-64 years. Six waves from 2003 to 2013, comprising a study sample of 45,631 subjects, were analysed, Industries were categorised according to gender composition and divided into seven categories: 1) Goods and energy production; 2) Machine handling; 3) Manual services; 4) Public administration; 5) Knowledge intensive services; 6) Education; 7) Health and social care. Proportions of men and women in each industry who were exposed to adverse or positive organisational and psychosocial work factors were calculated for each of the six waves. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, educational level and year of response to SWES were performed on the full sample (all six waves), in order to estimate the odds of being exposed to organisational and psychosocial work factors in each industry using the knowledge intensive service industry as the reference category.Results: Preliminary results show that in female dominated industries (Education and Health and social care), many organisational and psychosocial work factors developed poorly over the study period. Higher odds of exposure to adverse or positive organisational and psychosocial work factors were found for several industries when using the industry of Knowledge intensive services as the reference category.Conclusion: This study is one of the first of its kind analysing the development of organisational and psychosocial work factors, as well as differences in these factors between industries with different gender compositions in Sweden.
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33.
  • Di Marco, Piergiuseppe, et al. (författare)
  • A dynamic energy-efficient protocol for reliable and timely communications for wireless sensor networks in control and automation
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: 2009 6th IEEE Annual Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks Workshops. - 9781424439386 ; , s. 146-148
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Designing quality of service (QoS) guaranteed communication protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential to exploit the advantages and flexibilities offered by this technology for real-time control and actuation applications. A novel cross-layer protocol that embraces altogether a semirandom routing, MAC, data aggregation, and radio power control for clustered WSNs is presented. The protocol leverages the combination of a randomized and a deterministic approach to ensure robustness over unreliable channels and packet losses. An optimization problem, whose objective function is the network energy consumption, and the constraints are reliability and latency of the packets is modelled and solved to adaptively select the protocol parameters by a simple algorithm. As a relevant contribution, the proposed protocol is completely implemented on a test-bed, and it is compared to existing protocols. Experimental results validate the analysis and show excellent performance in terms of reliability, latency, low node duty cycle, load balancing and dynamic adaptation to the application requirements.
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34.
  • Di Marco, Piergiuseppe, et al. (författare)
  • Analytical Modeling of Multi-hop IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 61:7, s. 3191-3208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many of existing analytical studies of the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) protocol are not adequate because they are often based on assumptions such as homogeneous traffic and ideal carrier sensing, which are far from reality for multi-hop networks, particularly in the presence of mobility. In this paper, a new generalized analysis of the unslotted IEEE 802.15.4 MAC is presented. The analysis considers the effects induced by heterogeneous traffic due to multi-hop routing and different traffic generation patterns among the nodes of the network and the hidden terminals due to reduced carrier-sensing capabilities. The complex relation between MAC and routing protocols is modeled, and novel results on this interaction are derived. For various network configurations, conditions under which routing decisions based on packet loss probability or delay lead to an unbalanced distribution of the traffic load across multi-hop paths are studied. It is shown that these routing decisions tend to direct traffic toward nodes with high packet generation rates, with potential catastrophic effects for the node's energy consumption. It is concluded that heterogeneous traffic and limited carrier-sensing range play an essential role on the performance and that routing should account for the presence of dominant nodes to balance the traffic distribution across the network.
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35.
  • Di Marco, Piergiuseppe, et al. (författare)
  • TREnD : A timely, reliable, energy-efficient and dynamic wsn protocol for control applications
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Communications. - 9781424464043
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Control applications over wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require timely, reliable, and energy efficient communications. Cross-layer interaction is an essential design paradigm to exploit the complex interaction among the layers of the protocol stack and reach a maximum efficiency. Such a design approach is challenging because reliability and latency of delivered packets and energy are at odds, and resource constrained nodes support only simple algorithms. In this paper, the TREnD protocol is introduced for control applications over WSNs in industrial environments. It is a cross-layer protocol that embraces efficiently routing algorithm, MAC, data aggregation, duty cycling, and radio power control. The protocol parameters are adapted by an optimization problem, whose objective function is the network energy consumption, and the constraints are the reliability and latency of the packets. TREnD uses a simple algorithm that allows the network to meet the reliability and latency required by the control application while minimizing for energy consumption. TREnD is implemented on a test-bed and compared to some existing protocols. Experimental results show good performance in terms of reliability, latency, low duty cycle, and load balancing for both static and time-varying scenarios.
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36.
  • Dymitrow, Mirek, et al. (författare)
  • Transcending the rural-urban meme: Hammarkullen – a landscape caught in-between
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Unraveling the logics of landscape. Eds.: Stenseke, M., Dymitrow, M., Saltzman, K. et al.; 26th session of the Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape, 8–12 September, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg & Mariestad, Sweden.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • People’s different relations towards their environment are always the result of how they perceive it and how different spatialities are ascribed symbolic meaning. Taking into account these relations when formulating policies aimed at solving various problems could offer valuable knowledge for more sustainable planning and management. In certain areas, however, achieving this goal might prove extra problematic due to the preconceived vision of how problems associated with certain spatialities ought to be handled. Hammarkullen, a suburb of Gothenburg, is an extreme example of this. For decades facing socio-economic and structural problems, the struggles of Hammarkullen could be described as a “wicked problem”. Many programs have been undertaken to address it, the latest of which is one of Sweden’s largest EU-projects within urban development. In light of the considerable criticism it has received, we evaluated its inadequacy to solve the identified problems through three case studies. We conclude that a major contributing factor is the urban bias impregnating the design of urban development projects. It happens because the concept of “urbanity” is not one-dimensional (there are at least 40 attributes defining it); moreover it is juxtaposed “rurality” as its conceptual counterpart. Since any of the constitutive attributes is neither fully “rural” nor “urban”, different spatialities assume manifold overlapping combinations. Although Hammarkullen has an urban morphology, many of its attributes fall within the conceptual range of “rurality”, and should be addressed accordingly. However, since urbanity is most often viewed as morphology, the “urban shell” of Hammarkullen inadvertently prompts “urban” development projects. In that light, we resort to a landscape approach as an alternative conceptual tool to circumvent the rural-urban impasse in problem-solving. As a relational, non-essentialist technique, a landscape approach has the potential to capture the individual needs of each spatiality, including those that are not necessarily aligned with a conceptual rural-urban axis.
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37.
  • Engvall, Gunn, et al. (författare)
  • It Is Tough and Tiring but It Works - Children's Experiences of Undergoing Radiotherapy
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Approximately 300 children ages 0 to 18 are diagnosed with cancer in Sweden every year, and 80 to 90 of them undergo radiotherapy treatment. The aim was to describe children's experiences of preparing for and undergoing radiotherapy, and furthermore to describe children's suggestions for improvement. Thirteen children between the ages of 5 and 15 with various cancer diagnoses were interviewed. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed five categories: positive and negative experiences with hospital stays and practical arrangements; age-appropriate information, communication, and guidance to various degrees; struggle with emotions; use of distraction and other suitable coping strategies; and children's suggestions for improvement during radiotherapy. An overarching theme emerged: "It is tough and tiring but it works". Some key areas were: explanatory visits, the need for information and communication, being afraid, discomfort and suffering, the need for media distraction, dealing with emotions, and the need for support. A systematic, family-centered preparation program could possible help families prepare and individualized distraction during radiotherapy could contribute to reducing distress. Further studies with interventions could clarify successful programs.
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38.
  • Fagerlind, Anna-Carin, et al. (författare)
  • Experience of work-related flow : Does high decision latitude enhance benefits gained from job resources?
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0001-8791 .- 1095-9084. ; 83:2, s. 161-170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Flow is an experience of enjoyment, intrinsic motivation and absorption, which may occur in situations involving high challenges and high skill utilization. This study investigated the likelihood of experiencing work-related flow in relation to the job strain categories of the demand–control model, and to job resources such as social capital and an innovative learning climate. A questionnaire was sent out to employees in nine Swedish organizations (n = 3667, 57% response rate). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. The results show that active jobs, low-strain jobs, a high degree of social capital and innovative learning climate increased the likelihood of experiencing work-related flow. In jobs with high decision latitude, regardless of demands, there was an increased likelihood to benefit from social capital and an innovative learning climate. The results emphasize the importance of autonomy and skill utilization, to enable the use of additional job resources in order to promote work-related flow and well-being at work.
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39.
  • Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between organisation of work, work conditions, work-relatedf low and performance: a multilevel analysis
  • 2015
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this study is to investigate how organisation of work in terms of sociotechnical characteristics and use of tools inspired by lean production, and psychosocial conditions at the workplace, are associated with work-related flow and performance.A questionnaire including questions concerning work organisation, psychosocial work conditions, work-related flow and self-rated performance was sent to employees in ten Swedish organisations; 4442 people (56%) responded. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used in order to investigate organisation of work and work conditions in relation to work-related flow and performance. In addition, the association between work-related flow and performance was investigated.Our results show that a high degree of lean tool use in combination with a low degree of sociotechnical characteristics was negatively associated with work-related flow but positively associated with performance. When decision latitude, social capital, and innovative learning climate were included in the model, the association was no longer significant in relation to work-related flow, but remained and was strengthen in relation to performance. Work-related flow had a positive association with performance.The conclusion is that work-related flow and work conditions that enable individual and collective skill use are important for increased performance. When lean tools are used to a high degree, good decision latitude, social capital and innovative learning climate buffer negative effects on health, and increase performance.
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40.
  • Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, et al. (författare)
  • Lean production tools and decision latitude enable conditions for innovative learning in organizations : a multilevel analysis
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 47, s. 285-291
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effect of lean production on conditions for learning is debated. This study aimed to investigate how tools inspired by lean production (standardization, resource reduction, visual monitoring, housekeeping, value flow analysis) were associated with an innovative learning climate and with collective dispersion of ideas in organizations, and whether decision latitude contributed to these associations. A questionnaire was sent out to employees in public, private, production and service organizations (n = 4442). Multilevel linear regression analyses were used. Use of lean tools and decision latitude were positively associated with an innovative learning climate and collective dispersion of ideas. A low degree of decision latitude was a modifier in the association to collective dispersion of ideas. Lean tools can enable shared understanding and collective spreading of ideas, needed for the development of work processes, especially when decision latitude is low. Value flow analysis played a pivotal role in the associations.
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41.
  • Fagerlind Ståhl, Anna-Carin, 1982- (författare)
  • Live long and prosper : Health-promoting conditions at work
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of this thesis is to contribute with knowledge concerning health-promoting conditions at work, and to investigate how individual, workplace and organisational conditions are interrelated. In the thesis, work-related flow, i.e. an experience of motivation, absorption and work enjoyment, is used as a holistic notion of occupational health. In Paper I, work-related flow is investigated in relation to decision latitude, social capital and an innovative learning climate at work. Paper II investigates whether the use of tools inspired by lean production, such as standardisation and value stream mapping, is positively associated with conditions for innovative learning in organisations. The aim of Paper III is to identify conditions for health and performance in organisation and at work; further, to investigate the association between work-related flow and performance. Paper IV reports on a longitudinal investigation of workrelated flow in relation to lean tool use and conditions at the workplace. The empirical material is based on data from 10 organisations, including 4442 employees. Papers I-III are cross-sectional, whereas Paper IV is longitudinal. Papers II-IV utilise multilevel analyses.The results show that decision latitude, social capital and an innovative learning climate are associated with an increase in work-related flow (Papers I, III & IV), and with performance (Paper III). Individuals’ decision latitude enables an increased benefit from the social capital and innovative learning climate at work (Paper I). The effect of tools inspired by lean production on work-related flow (Papers III & IV), and on conditions for innovative learning (Paper II) differs, depending on which tools are used, and on workplace conditions. These tools enable innovative learning mainly where decision latitude is low (Paper II), and it is primarily the lean tool value stream mapping which has the potential to create an arena for innovative learning (Paper II) and work-related flow (Paper IV).It is concluded that the individual is embedded in a social work context that has the potential to strengthen the ability to act with motivation, absorption and enjoyment. In order to utilise collective healthpromoting conditions at work, individuals need to have authority to make their own decisions and use their skills. The effect of tools inspired by lean production depends on the specific tools that are used, and on individuals’ decision latitude at work. Their potential to enable innovative learning is most evident for employees who  have few opportunities for autonomous decision-making and skill use in their work. For those with a high degree of decision latitude, the use of lean tools has a smaller effect. Work-related flow may in itself serve as a resource that improves performance and increases engagement in health-promoting work conditions. In order to promote health as well as performance, work needsto be organised so that employees have opportunities to decide over their own work, and utilise their skills, individually and collectively within the workgroup.
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42.
  • Finbråten, Hanne Søberg, 1972- (författare)
  • Measuring health literacy : Evaluating psychometric properties of the HLS-EU-Q47 and the FCCHL, suggesting instrument refinements and exploring health literacy in people with type 2 diabetes and in the general Norwegian population
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Aim: The overall aim was to measure health literacy (HL) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and in the general Norwegian population.Methods: Sampling 388 people with T2DM (papers I, II and IV) and 900 individuals (III) in the general Norwegian population a cross-sectional design was applied. Rasch modelling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 47 items HLS-EU-Q47 questionnaire (I and III) and the 14 items FCCHL scale (II), and to develop and evaluate a 12 item short version, HLS-N-Q12 (III and IV), based on HLS-EU-Q47. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe HL and to investigate associations between HL and various independent variables.Main results: The HLS-EU-Q47 displayed psychometric shortcomings in both populations (I and III). A 12-dimensional model described the data best. Several items showed misfit to the Rasch model and statistical dependence. Aiming at meeting the requirements of objective measurement, the HLS-N-Q12 was suggested (III and IV). Evaluating the FCCHL in people with T2DM, the data fitted a three-dimensional model best (II). Several items showed misfit to the Rasch model and unordered response categories. However, a three-dimensional 12-item version of the FCCHL had acceptable psychometric properties. Education, good general health and empowerment were positively associated with HL in people with T2DM, explaining about 17% of the total variance in HL (IV).Conclusions: In both populations, the HLS-N-Q12 displayed solid psychometric properties and might therefore be used as a measure of HL for both clinical and research purposes. Nurses and other health professionals must be aware that HL influence individuals’ proficiency in managing their health. Hence, nurses and other health professionals should map HL in individuals and adapt health information accordingly.
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43.
  • Fischione, Carlo, et al. (författare)
  • Design principles of wireless sensor networks protocols for control applications
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Wireless Networking Based Control. - New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York. - 9781441973924 ; , s. 203-238
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Control applications over wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require timely, reliable, and energy efficient communications. This is challenging because reliability and latency of delivered packets and energy are at odds, and resource constrained nodes support only simple algorithms. In this chapter, a new system-level design approach for protocols supporting control applications over WSNs is proposed. The approach suggests a joint optimization, or co-design, of the control specifications, networking layer, the medium access control layer, and physical layer. The protocol parameters are adapted by an optimization problem whose objective function is the network energy consumption, and the constraints are the reliability and latency of the packets as requested by the control application. The design method aims at the definition of simple algorithms that are easily implemented on resource constrained sensor nodes. These algorithms allow the network to meet the reliability and latency required by the control application while minimizing for energy consumption. The design method is illustrated by two protocols: Breath and TREnD, which are implemented on a test-bed and compared to some existing solutions. Experimental results show good performance of the protocols based on this design methodology in terms of reliability, latency, low duty cycle, and load balancing for both static and time-varying scenarios. It is concluded that a system-level design is the essential paradigm to exploit the complex interaction among the layers of the protocol stack and reach a maximum WSN efficiency.
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44.
  • Fischione, Carlo, et al. (författare)
  • Medium Access Control Analytical Modeling and Optimization in Unslotted IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: 2009 6TH ANNUAL IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON SENSOR, MESH AND AD HOC COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (SECON 2009). - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 9781424429073 ; , s. 440-448
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate analytical expressions of delay and packet reception probabilities, and energy consumption of duty-cycled wireless sensor networks with random medium access control (MAC) are instrumental for the efficient design and optimization of these resource-constrained networks. Given a clustered network topology with unslotted IEEE 802.15.4 and preamble sampling MAC, a novel approach to the modeling of the delay, reliability, and energy consumption is proposed. The challenging part in such a modeling is the random MAC and sleep policy of the receivers, which prevents to establish the exact time of data packet transmission. The analysis gives expressions as function of sleep time, listening time, traffic rate and MAC parameters. The analytical results are then used to optimize the duty cycle of the nodes and MAC protocol parameters. The approach provides a significant reduction of the energy consumption compared to existing solutions in the literature. Monte Carlo simulations by ns2 assess the validity of the analysis.
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45.
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46.
  • Flygare, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Utvärdering av metoder mot mobbning
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Denna utvärdering ger besked om insatser och arbetssätt som effektivt förebygger och åtgärdar mobbning. Utvärderingen är unik genom att den omfattar stora mängder data, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa från 39 skolor, att enskilda individers utsatthet följs upp vid tre tillfällen och att den omfattar flera program samtidigt.Resultaten visar bland annat att olika insatser har olika effekt för pojkar och flickor samt olika effekt beroende på om mobbningen är social eller fysisk. Den visar också att ingen enskild insats har dramatiskt positiva effekter. För att en skola ska lyckas förebygga och åtgärda mobbning krävs ett systematiskt arbete och en kombination av insatser. Åtta namngivna program som används mot mobbning har ingått i utvärderingen: Farstametoden, Friends, Lions Quest, Olweusprogrammet, SET - Social och emotionell träning, Skolkomet, Skolmedling samt Stegvis. I utvärderingens fristående metodfördjupning Utvärdering av metoder mot mobbning. Metodappendix och bilagor till rapport 353, (endast publicerad som pdf ) redovisar forskarna utförligt utvärderingens design och redogör för tillvägagångssättet vid datainsamling och analys.
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47.
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48.
  • From, Ingrid, 1953-, et al. (författare)
  • Formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care for older people : predicting factors
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-0500. ; 8:623
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundDespite the growing number of studies concerning quality of care for older people, there is a lack of studies depicting factors associated with good quality of care from the formal caregivers’ perspective. The aim was to describe formal caregivers’ perceptions of quality of care for older people in the community and explore factors associated with these perceptions. In total, 70 nursing assistants, 163 enrolled nurses and 198 registered nurses from 14 communities in central Sweden participated in the study. They filled out the following questionnaires: a modified version of Quality from the Patient’s Perspective, Creative Climate Questionnaire, Stress of Conscience Questionnaire, items regarding education and competence, Health Index and Sense of coherence questionnaire. The overall response rate was 57 % (n = 431).ResultsIn the perceived reality of quality of care respondents assessed the highest mean value in the dimension medical-technical competence and physical technical conditions and lower values in the dimensions; identity-oriented approach, socio-cultural atmosphere and in the context specific dimension. The caregivers estimated their competence and health rather high, had lower average values in sense of coherence and organizational climate and low values in stress of conscience.ConclusionsThe PR of quality of care were estimated higher among NA/ENs compared to RNs. Occupation, organizational climate and stress of conscience were factors associated with quality of care that explained 42 % of the variance. Competence, general health and sense of coherence were not significantly associated to quality of care. The mentioned factors explaining quality of care might be intertwined and showed that formal caregivers’ working conditions are of great importance for quality of care.
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49.
  • From, Ingrid, 1953- (författare)
  • Health and quality of care from older peoples' and formal caregivers' perspective
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper understanding of older people's view of health and care while dependent on community care. Furthermore to describe and compare formal caregivers' perceptions of quality of care, working conditions, competence, general health, and factors associated with quality of care from the caregivers' perspective. Method: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 older people in community care who were asked to describe what health and ill health((I), good and bad care meant for them (II). Data were analyzed using content analysis (I) and a phenomenological analysis (II). The formal caregivers; 70 nursing assistants (NAs) 163 enrolled nurses (ENs) and 198 registered nurses (RNs), answered a questionnaire consisting of five instruments: quality of care from the patient's perspective modified to formal caregivers, creative climate questionnaire, stress of conscience, health index, sense of coherence and items on education and competence (III). Statistical analyses were performed containing descriptive statistics, and comparisons between the occupational groups were made using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson's Chi-square test (III). Pearson's  product moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed studying the associations between organizational climate, stress of conscience, competence, general health and sense of coherence with quality of care (IV). Results: The older people's health and well-being were related to their own ability to adapt to and compensate for their disabilities and was described as negative and positive poles of autonomy vs. dependence, togetherness vs. being an onlooker, security vs. insecurity and tranquility vs. disturbance (I).  The meaning of good care (II) was that the formal caregivers respected the older people as unique individuals, having the opportunity to live their lives as usual and receiving a safe and secure care. Good care could be experienced when the formal caregivers had adequate knowledge and competence in caring for older people, adequate time and continuity in the care organization (II). Formal caregivers reported higher perceived quality of care in the dimensions medical-technical competence and physical-technical conditions than in identity-oriented approach and socio-cultural atmosphere (III). In the organizational climate three of the dimensions were close to the value of a creative climate and in seven near a stagnant climate. The formal caregivers reported low rate of stress of conscience. The RNs reported to a higher degree than the NAs/ENs a need to gain more knowledge, but the NAs and the ENs more often received training during working hours. The RNs reported lower emotional well-being than the NAs/ENs (III). The formal caregivers' occupation, organizational climate and stress of conscience were associated with perceived quality of care (IV). Implications: The formal caregivers should have an awareness of the importance of kindness and respect, supporting the older people to retain control over their lives. The nursing managers should employ highly competent and adequate numbers of skilled formal caregivers, organize formal caregivers having round the clock continuity. Improvements of organizational climate and stress of conscience are of importance for good quality of care.
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50.
  • Frånberg, Gun-Marie, 1949- (författare)
  • East of Arcadia : Three studies of rural women in northern Sweden and Wisconsin, USA
  • 1996
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This dissertation deals with three different studies of rural women in northern Sweden and Wisconsin, USA. All three of them aim at identify and elucidate pertinent aspects of women's lives in rural areas. In the first study, The Åsele study, women's work and free time activities are in the focus of investigation. The second, The Leading Light study, deals more explicitly with obstacles and problems that women meet with when trying to improve their living conditions and, finally, the Wisconsin study deals with the ways rural women organize their everyday lives. More specifically, while all three studies assume a gender and mode-of-living perspective, cultural issues, the relations between structure- agent and questions concerning the organization of everyday life receive separate treatment.Mostly qualitative methods are used in collecting data, including interviews and essays. Also questionnaires are used in order to gain a comprehensive picture of certain areas, such as activities and aspirations within the field of leisure. In the last study a reanalysis of an archived interview material, built on oral life histories, is used.The results give a complex and nuanced picture of women's lives in these areas. The farm women in the Wisconsin study have a heavy work load and contribute in different ways to the maintenance of the family. Their productive work is, however, made invisible in official statistics. The Åsele study gives a picture of a woman, who is not demanding anything special for herself, but is adapting to the traditional gender structures. Her life is organized around her home, her husband and her children. The young women intend to leave this area, which is one of the problems that the local politicians have to deal with. In the Leading light study, finally, it is above all the male representatives at the local governmental level that impede the women's ideas and ignore their propositions for change. Despite official signals of decentralisation of decision making, the bureaucratic structures seem to strengthen at the local level.Most of the women in this study praise life in the country side. The rural ideology also comprises a positive view of this mode of living. While the rural ideology is a entire male construction, the female conditions have to be problematized. This has been done in this thesis.
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