| 1. |
- Asghar, Naveed, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Flavivirus replicon-based novel vaccine candidates against Hepatitis viruses
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic liver disease, resulting from Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis D virus (HDV), or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, contributes to a major health burden worldwide. Chronic infections with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be effectively cured by antivirals. However, the cured patients can be re-infected as they lack protective immune responses. In addition, the relatively high cost of the HCV treatment brings concerns about the accessibility, especially in the developing countries. Hence, there exists a need for cost effect vaccines with high efficiency to control and possibly eradicate Hepatitis viruses globally. The vaccine should induce either, or both, neutralizing antibodies and protective T cell responses. We have developed and utilized flavivirus replicons as delivery system to prime hepatitis-specific T cell responses. We generated subgenomic replicons of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Langat virus (LGTV), West-Nile virus (WNV), and Kunjin virus (KUNV) expressing either a fusion protein between the HCV NS3/4A and a stork hepatitis B virus core or a vaccine candidate gene of HB/DV. Transfection experiments showed that the antigen expression by KUNV and WNV replicons was several folds higher than the antigen expression of control DNA plasmid with CMV promoter. The immunogenicity of these flavivirus replicons was evaluated in mice. The KUNV replicon triggered a potent cellular immune response with respect to priming of HCV NS3/4A-specific T cells as determined by ELISpot, and polyfunctionality. In short, the newly developed KUNV replicon- based vaccine is an attractive candidate to provide protection against hepatitis viruses.
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| 2. |
- Asghar, Naveed, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunogenicity of DNA launched suicidal flavivirus replicons for protective vaccination against hepatitis viruses
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic liver disease, resulting from Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis D virus (HDV), or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, contributes to a major health burden worldwide. Chronic infections with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be effectively cured by antivirals. However, as cured patients can be re-infected they lack protective immune responses. In addition, the relativelyhigh cost of the HCV treatment brings concerns about the accessibility, especially in the developing countries. Hence, there exists a need for cost effect vaccines with high efficiency to control and possibly eradicate Hepatitis viruses globally. The vaccine should induce either, or both, neutralizing antibodies and protective T cell responses. We therefore have developed DNA based flavivirus replicons as a potent delivery system that effectively prime HCV-specific T cell responses. We generated suicidal subgenomic DNA replicons of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Langat virus (LGTV), West-Nile virus (WNV), and Kunjinvirus (KUNV) expressing either a fusion protein between the HCV NS3/4A and a stork hepatitis B virus core or a vaccine candidate gene of HB/DV. Transfection experiments showed that the antigen expression by KUNV and WNV replicons was several folds higher than the antigen expression by standard DNA plasmid with CMV promoter. The immunogenicity of three suicidal flaviviral DNA replicons expressing HCV NS3/4A was tested in mice and compared to HCV NS3/4A expression by the standard DNA plasmid. The KUNV-HCV replicon was the best replicon-based immunogen with respect to priming of HCV NS3/4A-specific T cells as determined by ELISpot, dextramer staining, and polyfunctionality. Importantly, a mutant KUNV-HCV immunogen lacking replication failed to induce immune responses. Thus, the newly developed KUNV-based suicidal DNA launched replicon vaccine for HCV is a highly attractive candidate as a prophylactic vaccine against chronic hepatitis C. In addition, we are currently testing the immunogenicity of KUNV-HB/DV replicon in mice.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Pierre, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment Based Information Needs in Manual Assembly
- 2017
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Ingår i: 24th International Conference on Production Research, ICPR 2017. - Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA : DEStech Publications. - 9781605955070 ; :ICPR 2017, s. 366-371
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To handle the complex and flexible manufacturing of today it is vital to have well functional information systems for the operators so that they know when, what and where to assemble. The current designs of assembly work instructions differ much between companies, but also between plants within the same company. The digitalization trends and initiatives such as Industry 4.0 show the manufacturing industry the advantages to incorporate new methods and tools into their businesses. Even though manufacturing IT systems are designed to be adaptive to product and volume changes, they are still widely characterized by their rigid structures. Making large changes to manufacturing IT systems with comprehensive structures is complex and requires large amounts of resources. Therefore, it is important for the manufacturing companies to make the correct investments. In previous studies, two current state analyses have been conducted with the aim to map manufacturing engineering processes and IT systems producing assembly work instructions in a mass customization context. This paper presents results from the third part of a longitudinal study which focuses on identifying operators’ information needs in manual assembly of heavy vehicles. This third study aims to identify the information gap between the current state and the wanted state by assessing information needs at 13 assembly stations in three plants belonging to a global production network. The purpose is to identify design requirements for future assembly information systems enabling the practical use of the digitalization.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlén, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Mannosylated mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion proteins enhance antigen-specific antibody and T lymphocyte responses
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APC) improve their immunogenicity and capacity to induce Th1 responses and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We have generated a mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion protein (PSGL-1/mIgG2b), which upon expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris became multivalently substituted with O-linked oligomannose structures and bound the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) with high affinity in vitro. Here, its effects on the humoral and cellular anti-ovalbumin (OVA) responses in C57BL/6 mice are presented.OVA antibody class and subclass responses were determined by ELISA, the generation of anti-OVA CTLs was assessed in 51Cr release assays using in vitro-stimulated immune spleen cells from the different groups of mice as effector cells and OVA peptide-fed RMA-S cells as targets, and evaluation of the type of Th cell response was done by IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 ELISpot assays.Immunizations with the OVA − mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b conjugate, especially when combined with the AbISCO®-100 adjuvant, lead to faster, stronger and broader (with regard to IgG subclass) OVA IgG responses, a stronger OVA-specific CTL response and stronger Th1 and Th2 responses than if OVA was used alone or together with AbISCO®-100. Also non-covalent mixing of mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b, OVA and AbISCO®-100 lead to relatively stronger humoral and cellular responses. The O-glycan oligomannoses were necessary because PSGL-1/mIgG2b with mono- and disialyl core 1 structures did not have this effect.Mannosylated mucin-type fusion proteins can be used as versatile APC-targeting molecules for vaccines and as such enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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| 9. |
- Algander, Per, 1981-
(författare)
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Harm, Benefit, and Non-Identity
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis in an invistigation into the concept of "harm" and its moral relevance. A common view is that an analysis of harm should include a counterfactual condition: an act harms a person iff it makes that person worse off. A common objection to the moral relevance of harm, thus understood, is the non-identity problem.This thesis criticises the counterfactual condition, argues for an alternative analysis and that harm plays two important normative roles.The main ground for rejecting the counterfactual condition is that it has unacceptable consequences in cases of overdetermination and pre-emption. Several modifications to the condition are considered but all fail to solve this problem.According to the alternative analysis to do harm is to perform an act which (1) is responsible for the obtaining of a state of affairs which (2) makes a person’s life go worse. It is argued that (1) should be understood in terms of counterfactual dependence. This claim is defended against counterexamples based on redundant causation. An analysis of (2) is also provided using the notion of a well-being function. It is argued that by introducing this notion it is possible to analyse contributive value without making use of counterfactual comparisons and to solve the non-identity problem.Regarding the normative importance of harm, a popular intuition is that there is an asymmetry in our obligations to future people: that a person would have a life worth living were she to exist is not a reason in favour of creating that person while that a person would have a life not worth living is a reason against creating that person. It is argued that the asymmetry can be classified as a moral option grounded in autonomy. Central to this defence is the suggestion that harm is relevant to understanding autonomy. Autonomy involves partly the freedom to pursue one’s own aims as long as one does no harm.
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| 10. |
- Almqvist, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ICES Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD), chaired by External Chair Jean-Jacques Maguire, Canada and ICES Chair Marie Storr-Paulsen, Denmark, and attended by two invited external experts Verena Trenkel, France and Meaghan Bryan, USA met in Rostock, Germany, 2–6 March 2015 with 39 participants and six countries represented. The objective of WKBALTCOD was to evaluate the appropriateness of data and methods to determine stock status and investigate meth-ods appropriate to use in the single-stock assessment for the cod stock in SD 22–24 and cod in SD 25–32 in the Baltic. Participants in the workshop were a large group with diverse backgrounds representing the industry, fisheries, NGOs, managers and scientists.The single-stock analytic assessment of the eastern Baltic stock was not accepted by the assessment working group (WGBFAS) in 2014 due to severe problems with the input data. The advice for the eastern Baltic cod was, therefore, based on the ICES approach for data-limited stocks. As an outcome ICES decided to establish a bench-mark for both cod stocks and to scope an integrated assessment for the Baltic cod stocks. The first meeting (WKSIBCA) was therefore meant to introduce the interces-sional work conducted since the assessment working group in April 2014, and to reach some conclusions on how to proceed both in the short term (Benchmark in March 2015) and longer term (2–3 years) and was seen as a data compilation work-shop, there is produced a separate report from this workshop. The WKBALTCOD was the 2nd meeting in the benchmark process and was intended to come up with a final stock assessment method, stock annex and input data for both stocks. As it was not possible to reach conclusive decision on the final model to be used for the east Baltic cod stock during the benchmark meeting and as more work on the preferable models was needed, it was decided by the ACOM leadership to prolong the bench-mark process until the assessment working group meeting in April 2015. This deci-sion has led to a relatively long process partly mixed with the assessment working group WGBFAS.It became clear during the benchmark process that although large effort has been put into explaining the underlying processes leading to the changes in the Baltic ecosys-tem, there is still some lack of understanding of the present situation in the eastern Baltic cod stock. Therefore, it was not possible to reach firm conclusions on the final model to be used and therefore not possible to set reference points. It was decided to continue to explore the most promising models and to continue to improve the input data until the assessment working group started in April.The main challenges still to be solved for the Eastern Baltic cod stock is the quantifi-cation of increased natural mortality and decrease in growth. Through several presentations during the workshop (both WKSIBCA and WKBALTCOD) it became clear that natural mortality very likely has increased in later years, due to decreased condition and increased parasite infection. A decrease in growth also seems plausible duo to a decrease in condition and/or selectivity-induced mortality of the largest in-dividuals. However, as none of these parameters are easily estimated, especially with the severe ageing problems, different model assumptions made the output very shaky.For the western Baltic cod, stock identification issues were examined in area SD 24, the intermediate area: based on otolith characteristics and genetics. Due to the results showing a large proportion of east cod in this area, it was decided to split the catch2 | ICES WKBALTCOD REPORT 2015and survey from SD 24 into either the western or eastern Baltic cod stock. It was pos-sible to derive proportions of eastern and western cod in SD 24 back to the mid-1990s.For the western Baltic cod stock a modelled survey indices was included in the as-sessment covering the western part of SD 24 and Area 22+23 and based on a smoothed ALK.Both cod stocks have in the past used commercial tuning fleet to have a better cov-ered of older age groups. It was decided to abound this time-series duo quality issues such as a limited coverage and problems with technical creeping.WKBALTCOD was not able to explore and define reference points for the Western Baltic cod stock during the meeting due to time constraints, but these were calculated and decided by correspondence after the meeting. The recent protocols on estimation procedures developed by WKMSYREF3 for stocks with a full analytical assessment and for data-limited stocks served as objective guidelines to obtain reference point estimates.
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| 11. |
- Andersen, Paul Krüger, et al.
(författare)
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Response to the Proposal for a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence by Nordic and Baltic Company Law Scholars
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On February 23, 2022, The EU Commission published its Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 (“CSDDD” or “the Proposal”). The purpose of the Proposal, to further the “Union’s transition to a climate-neutral and green economy in line with the European Green Deal and in delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals”, is of great importance, and the Commission’s initiative is therefore commendable. However, it is our firm opinion that the Proposal should not be enacted in its present form, and that if it were to be, it would not only damage European businesses but also run the risk of having an adverse effect on both the transition to a climate-neutral economy as well as the goal of delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This is to a large extent because many of the Proposal’s provisions are excessive, unfounded and disproportionate and as such in violation of the fundamental principles of subsidiarity and proportionality safeguarded by Art. 5 TEU as well as having a questionable basis in Art. 50 TFEU. Furthermore and in regard of procedure, we find that the presentation of the Proposal by the Commission represents a disregard for the principles of better regulation that should not pass unnoticed and must be observed in the future to maintain trust in the legislative process of the Union.In this response to the consultation, we have presented an analysis of the key issues of the Proposal from a corporate governance perspective. We have divided the response into two parts: one on the pure corporate governance parts of the Proposal (article 15, 25 and 26) and one of the due diligence parts of the Proposal. With regards to the corporate governance parts of the Proposal, our conclusion is that they, by and large, should not be included in the proposed directive at all. Including them would in several ways be in breach of the EU principles on subsidiarity and proportionality, but perhaps more importantly, they are not only unsubstantiated by available empirical evidence on corporate behaviour, but also refuted by what we know. There is also good reason to believe that the proposed rules on director’s duties and environmental remuneration would risk decreasing the effectiveness of the stock markets within the EU contrary to the goal of a Capital Market Union, which also risk slowing down the necessary transition to a green economy and the goals of the EU Green Deal. The regulation necessary for the Capital Market Union and the EU Green Deal should complement each other, not collide as would be the outcome if the Proposal is adopted in its present form.With regards to the due diligence parts of the Proposal, our criticism is limited to corporate governance aspects and far less fundamental. We primarily believe that grounds for harmonisation needs further consideration in the present very challenging times, that Article 22 on Civil Liability might in several ways be counter-productive to the goals of the Proposal, that the effects on SMEs as well as for the financial companies included covered by the Proposal warrants further analysis, that the choice to focus the Proposal on individual companies instead of company groups needs to be reviewed, and that a risk based approach should be taken rather than an approach were companies are unable to focus their efforts to where they can be most effective. Overall, these issues can be worked out, but if they are not, then the proposed directive would not only have a severe adverse impact on EU companies and possibly capital markets, but might actually hinder EU companies from acting in the way that the Proposal aims for them to do.This joint response to the public consultation is made by a group of Nordic and Baltic company law scholars who, although we may not agree on every detail, do share the main arguments and grave concerns expressed here.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Kent, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion till Operationsanalys : En antologi med essäer av studerande i militärteknik 2011
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I ämnesplanen definieras militärteknik som ”den vetenskap som beskriver och förklarar hur tekniken inverkar på militär verksamhet på alla nivåer, strategisk, operativ och taktisk, samt hur officersprofessionen påverkar och påverkas av tekniken.”[1] En militärteknikers uppgift brukar, utgående från definitionen, uttryckas som att beskriva och förklara den militära nyttan med tekniken. För att kunna göra detta behövs verktyg. Och många av dem kommer från den vetenskapliga disciplinen Operationsanalys.Syftet med den här antologin är att introducera studerande i militärteknik på Försvarshögskolan till två av de mest refererade boktitlarna i operationsanalys – Methods for conducting military operational analysis editerad av Andrew G. Loerch och Larry B. Rainey samt Military Operations Research, quantitative decision making av N.K. Jaiswal.Kapitlen utgörs av essäer skrivna av studerande på den högre stabsofficersutbildningen med teknisk inriktning, som examinationsuppgift i en fördjupningskurs. Essäerna är till del referat av kapitel i de två böckerna ovan, men kryddade med exempel satta i svenskt sammanhang och med de studerandes egen värdering av metodernas användbarhet.[1]Försvarshögskolan, Ämnesplan militärteknik, 2007.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Lars Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Dr. Bergman's Cabinet
- 2006
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Ingår i: Bergman Horror Show. - 9197385298 ; , s. 6-15
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Essay on the horror theme in the films of Ingmar Bergman.
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| 14. |
- Balkenius, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Pupillary Correlates of Emotion and Cognition : A Computational Model
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference On Neural Engineering (NER). - : IEEE. - 9781538679210 ; , s. 903-907
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In addition to controlling the influx of light to the retina, the pupil also reacts as a result of cognitive and emotional processing. This makes it possible to use pupil dilation as an index for cognitive effort and emotional arousal. We show how an extended version of a computational model of pupil dilation can account for pupillary contagion effects where the pupil of an observer dilates upon seeing another person with dilated pupils. We also show how the model can reproduce the effects of cognitive effort in a math exercise. Furthermore, we investigate how the model can account for different explanations for the abnormal pupil response seen in individuals with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder. The reported computer simulations illustrate the usefulness of system-level models of the brain in addressing complex cognitive and emotional phenomena.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Björnerås, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Inland blue holes of The Bahamas - chemistry and biology in a unique aquatic environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fundamental and Applied Limnology. - : Schweizerbart science publishers. - 1863-9135. ; 194:2, s. 95-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While lake systems in temperate regions have been extensively studied, tropical and subtropical systems have received less attention. Here, we describe the water chemistry and biota of ten inland blue holes on Andros Island, The Bahamas, representative of the morphological, abiotic, and biotic variation among Androsian inland blue holes. The majority of the studied blue holes were vertically stratified with oxic freshwater overlying anoxic saline groundwater of marine origin. Water chemistry (e.g. total phosphorus and nitrogen) in shallow waters was similar among blue holes, while turbidity and water color varied. Presence of hydrogen sulfide and reduced iron in and below the halocline indicate reducing conditions in all stratified blue holes. The biota above the halocline was also similar among blue holes with a few taxa dominating the phytoplankton community, and the zooplankton community consisting of copepods and rotifers. The Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) was present in all investigated blue holes, often accompanied by other small planktivorous fish, while the piscivorous bigmouth sleeper (Gobiomorus donnitor) was only present in some of the blue holes. Our field study reinforces that inland blue holes are highly interesting for biogeochemical research, and provide naturally replicated systems for evolutionary studies.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Burm, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Novel prime-boost immune-based therapy inhibiting both hepatitis B and D virus infections.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 72:6, s. 1186-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Chronic HBV/HDV infections are a major cause of liver cancer. Current treatments can only rarely eliminate HBV and HDV. Our previously developed preS1-HDAg immunotherapy could induce neutralising antibodies to HBV in vivo and raise HBV/HDV-specific T-cells. Here, we further investigate if a heterologous prime-boost strategy can circumvent T-cell tolerance and preclude HDV superinfection in vivo.DESIGN: A DNA prime-protein boost strategy was evaluated for immunogenicity in mice and rabbits. Its ability to circumvent T-cell tolerance was assessed in immunocompetent hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-transgenic mice. Neutralisation of HBV and HDV was evaluated both in vitro and in immunodeficient human-liver chimeric mice upon adoptive transfer.RESULTS: The prime-boost strategy elicits robust HBV/HDV-specific T-cells and preS1-antibodies that can effectively prevent HBV and HDV (co-)infection in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model representing the chronic HBsAg carrier state, active immunisation primes high levels of preS1-antibodies and HDAg-specific T-cells. Moreover, transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies completely protects HBV-infected human-liver chimeric mice from HDV superinfection.CONCLUSION: The herein described preS1-HDAg immunotherapy is shown to be immunogenic and vaccine-induced antibodies are highly effective at preventing HBV and HDV (super)infection both in vitro and in vivo. Our vaccine can complement current and future therapies for the control of chronic HBV and HDV infection.
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| 20. |
- Byström, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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GIS-based methods for sustainable wind power planning
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research motivationRenewable energy has great importance in the work to counteract the global climate changes. The Swedish government has seta target that in 2020, 50% of the energy use shall come from renewable energy, and the government has also declared a longterm commitment for Sweden to be independent of fossil fuels. To reach these targets wind power is expected to play a greatpart, and approximately 50 TWh of new wind power is needed to meet this objective, compared to the current annual production of approximately 16 TWh. However, climate change is not the only issue at hand, and there is a risk of conflicts between meetingthe targets for renewable energy and other sustainability objectives, e.g. concerning ecosystem services, such as habitatsupporting biodiversity, recreation and cultural landscapes. Hence to steer towards a sustainable planning of wind power, targets and objectives as well as decision support has to be dealt with systematically, encompassing social, economic, technical and ecological perspectives.ObjectiveThe objective of the project is to develop GIS-based methods that can be used as planning support in sustainable planning of wind power, in cooperation with regional and municipal actors. The method will function as decision support, which will helpplanners and decision makers at local and regional level to systematically handle the different aspects related to wind power localisation.MethodologyThe project is performed in collaboration with the County Administrative Board of Västernorrland County, which is the study areafor the project. Initially, a literature study is performed to gain knowledge about earlier research in the field and identify importantfactors to include in the methodology. Workshops are held with the included actors, to gain further understanding of what information is relevant when planning for wind power, and to gain local knowledge about the study area; what issues are at hand,and what factors govern wind power planning in the particular area. During the workshops different scenarios related to theplanning process are also developed. The method will include the development of a number of GIS-models to be used in a multicriteria analysis that can be used for design and evaluation of the different planning scenarios.Preliminary resultsThe literature study as well as the workshops reveals that the location of wind turbines often can have impact on, and render conflict between, different interests and objectives. Factors of high concern when planning for locating wind turbines in the County of Västernorrland are, besides wind speed and technical considerations; noise impact, visual impact, and impact on certain bird species, reindeer hearding and recreation. In order to handle these factors, multi-criteria decision analysis within a GIS environment can support planning in the face of complex problems, with capabilities to handle multiple and often conflicting objectives, and to find sustainable solutions to decision-making problems.Management implicationsThe project will result in a General GIS-based Planning Support (GPS) methodology to integrate important sustainability issuesin wind power planning, which can be applied generally in future spatial planning. The project will contribute to a morepredictable planning process, where disparate sustainability targets will be handled in an integrated and systematic way, therebyincreasing the possibility of reaching the targets.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Chadburn, Sarah E., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes : using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:22, s. 5143-5169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a positive climate feedback, along with the possibility of future carbon sinks from northward expansion of vegetation under climate warming. Here we evaluate the simulation of tundra carbon stocks and fluxes in three land surface schemes that each form part of major Earth system models (JSBACH, Germany; JULES, UK; ORCHIDEE, France). We use a site-level approach in which comprehensive, high-frequency datasets allow us to disentangle the importance of different processes. The models have improved physical permafrost processes and there is a reasonable correspondence between the simulated and measured physical variables, including soil temperature, soil moisture and snow. We show that if the models simulate the correct leaf area index (LAI), the standard C3 photosynthesis schemes produce the correct order of magnitude of carbon fluxes. Therefore, simulating the correct LAI is one of the first priorities. LAI depends quite strongly on climatic variables alone, as we see by the fact that the dynamic vegetation model can simulate most of the differences in LAI between sites, based almost entirely on climate inputs. However, we also identify an influence from nutrient limitation as the LAI becomes too large at some of the more nutrient-limited sites. We conclude that including moss as well as vascular plants is of primary importance to the carbon budget, as moss contributes a large fraction to the seasonal CO2 flux in nutrient-limited conditions. Moss photosynthetic activity can be strongly influenced by the moisture content of moss, and the carbon uptake can be significantly different from vascular plants with a similar LAI. The soil carbon stocks depend strongly on the rate of input of carbon from the vegetation to the soil, and our analysis suggests that an improved simulation of photosynthesis would also lead to an improved simulation of soil carbon stocks. However, the stocks are also influenced by soil carbon burial (e.g. through cryoturbation) and the rate of heterotrophic respiration, which depends on the soil physical state. More detailed below-ground measurements are needed to fully evaluate biological and physical soil processes. Furthermore, even if these processes are well modelled, the soil carbon profiles cannot resemble peat layers as peat accumulation processes are not represented in the models. Thus, we identify three priority areas for model development: (1) dynamic vegetation including (a) climate and (b) nutrient limitation effects; (2) adding moss as a plant functional type; and an (3) improved vertical profile of soil carbon including peat processes.
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| 23. |
- Christoffersson, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and Experimental Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Striated Muscle : Establishment of a Vascular System Similar to that in Native Islets
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 59:10, s. 2569-2578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Curing type 1 diabetes by transplanting pancreatic islets into the liver is associated with poor long-term outcome and graft failure at least partly due to inadequate graft revascularization. The aim of the current study was to evaluate striated muscle as a potential angiogenic site for islet transplantation. Research Design and Methods: The current study presents a new experimental model which is found applicable to clinical islet transplantation. Islets were implanted into striated muscle where after intra-islet vascular density and blood flow were visualized with intravital and confocal microscopy in mice, and by magnetic resonance imaging in three auto-transplanted pancreatectomized patients. Mice were rendered neutropenic by repeated injections of Gr-1 antibody and diabetes was induced by alloxan treatment. Results: Contrary to liver-engrafted islets, islets transplanted to mouse muscle were revascularized with vessel densities and blood flow entirely comparable to islets within intact pancreas. Initiation of islet revascularization at the muscular site was dependent on neutrophils, and the function of islets transplanted to muscle was proven by curing diabetic mice. The experimental data were confirmed in auto-transplanted patients where higher plasma volumes were measured in islets engrafted in forearm muscle compared to adjacent muscle tissue through high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions: This study presents a novel paradigm in islet transplantation whereby recruited neutrophils are crucial for the functionally restored intra-islet blood perfusion following transplantation to striated muscle under experimental and clinical situations.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Dimberg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging role and clinical implication of mRNA scavenger decapping enzyme in colorectal cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pathology, Research and Practice. - : Elsevier. - 0344-0338 .- 1618-0631. ; 253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Turnover of RNA is a regulated process that in part controls gene expression. This process is partly controlled by the scavenger decapping enzyme (DcpS). This study aimed to investigate the expression of DcpS in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, to evaluate its prognostic significance in patients with CRC and to investigate potentially targeted genes by DcpS.METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine localization of DcpS in normal and CRC tissue, western blot analysis for quantification of protein expression and qPCR for mRNA expression in normal and CRC tissue and expression in cell lines after silencing using siRNA. Gene array analysis was used to study regulation of genes after silencing of DcpS. Proliferation was studied using BRDU.RESULTS: DcpS expression was localized to the epithelial cells of both control and cancer tissue. Tumor and paired control tissue samples from 100 patients who underwent surgical resection for primary colorectal adenocarcinomas were utilized. mRNA and protein of DcpS was significantly up-regulated in the patients with CRC and the mRNA level was higher in rectal cancer tissue compared to colon cancer tissue (p < 0.05). Lowest tertile levels of DcpS mRNA in cancer tissue was associated with a decreased cancer-specific survival rate with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.7 (95% CI=1.02-12.3), independent of disease stage. The low level of DcpS mRNA was a predictor of poorer survival in patients with rectal and disseminated cancer and in patients receiving adjuvant treatment (p < 0.05). After silencing DcpS in Caco-2 cancer cells, altered expression of several genes associated with RNA, cell cycle regulation, alternative splicing and microRNA was observed and resulted in 23% increase in proliferation.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that DcpS has potential as a prognostic factor for CRC but further studies in a broader cohort are warranted to evaluate the significance of the findings in the clinic.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Fransson, Susanne, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome sequencing of recurrent neuroblastoma reveals somatic mutations that affect key players in cancer progression and telomere maintenance
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly childhood tumor. Relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma has a very poor prognosis despite recent treatment advances. To investigate genomic alterations associated with relapse and therapy resistance, whole-genome sequencing was performed on diagnostic and relapsed lesions together with constitutional DNA from seven children. Sequencing of relapsed tumors indicates somatic alterations in diverse genes, including those involved in RAS-MAPK signaling, promoting cell cycle progression or function in telomere maintenance and immortalization. Among recurrent alterations, CCND1-gain, TERT-rearrangements, and point mutations in POLR2A, CDK5RAP, and MUC16 were shown in >= 2 individuals. Our cohort contained examples of converging genomic alterations in primary-relapse tumor pairs, indicating dependencies related to specific genetic lesions. We also detected rare genetic germline variants in DNA repair genes (e.g., BARD1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and WRN) that might cooperate with somatically acquired variants in these patients with highly aggressive recurrent neuroblastoma. Our data indicate the importance of monitoring recurrent neuroblastoma through sequential genomic characterization and that new therapeutic approaches combining the targeting of MAPK signaling, cell cycle progression, and telomere activity are required for this challenging patient group.
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| 28. |
- Gullström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Utvärdering av videoteknik som visuell undervattensmetod för uppföljning av marina naturtyper och typiska arter : Metodsäkerhet, precision och kostnader
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svensk naturvård är idag starkt kopplad till naturvårdsarbetet inom EU och styrs till en väsentlig del av olika direktiv. EU:s art- och habitatdirektiv är ett viktigt sådant direktiv som fokuserar på bevarande av den biologiska mångfalden. Den här rapporten presenterar en nationell studie, där det främsta syftet har varit att utvärdera undervattensvideo som visuell metod för uppföljning av marina naturtyper och typiska arter definierade i EU:s art- och habitatdirektiv. Det övergripande målet är att utveckla ett väl fungerande och harmoniserat miljöövervakningsprogram i syfte att skydda och följa upp våra kuster och hav. Projektet är utfört inom ramarna för ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, Naturvårdsverket och ArtDatabanken (SLU). Resultaten ligger till grund för undersökningstypen Visuella undervattensmetoder för uppföljning av marina naturtyper och typiska arter (Havs- och vattenmyndigheten manus) samt bidrar till det övergripande projektet Biogeografisk uppföljning (uppdragsavtal 2574-13). Studien utfördes under sommaren 2012 med huvudsyftet att jämföra och utvärdera data insamlat genom fyra olika fotografiska metoder: två videoanalysmetoder och två bildanalysmetoder, sinsemellan samt mot data insamlat genom dykning. Variabler som testades inkluderade taxonomisk upplösning, möjlighet att skatta olika organismers täckningsgrad med god precision samt de olika metodernas kostnadseffektivitet. För att få en helhetsbild av Sveriges kustzon så valdes fem geografiskt väl utspridda områden (från Bottenviken i norra Östersjön till Kosterarkipelagen nära den norska gränsen). Inom varje område gjordes undersökningarna på hård- respektive mjukbotten och inkluderade fem replikat per bottentyp. Resultaten visar att dykmetoden ger en högre taxonomisk upplösning än samtliga fotografiska metoder, och skattning av hela videofilmen (videoanalysmetoder) ger en högre taxonomisk upplösning än en skattning av stillbilder från filmen (bildanalysmetoder). Intressant ur ett miljöövervakningsperspektiv är att videoanalysmetoder visade likvärdig precision och replikerbarhet som dykmetoden. Kostnadsmässigt visade resultaten att video- och bildanalysmetoderna är klart fördelaktiga i jämförelse med dykning. För att skapa ett harmoniserat miljöövervakningsinstrument och för att följa upp marina naturtyper och typiska arter enligt EU:s art- och habitatdirektiv kan undervattensvideo således anses vara ett intressant och lämpligt alternativ, vilket även andra nyligen utförda studier (t.ex. Sundblad m.fl. 2013 a, b, c) indikerar.
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| 29. |
- Gustafsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Burn severity and soil chemistry are weak drivers of early vegetation succession following a boreal mega-fire in a production forest landscape
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 32:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questions: Do burn severity and soil chemistry drive species and trait composition on recently burned clear-cuttings? Does the spatial distribution of common, easily dispersed colonizers vary with distance to fire perimeter?Location: A 13,000 ha production forest landscape in boreal southern Sweden burned in a wildfire in 2014.Methods: Vascular plants and bryophytes were recorded in permanent plots on clear-cuts two and five years following fire, covering a burn severity gradient. Soil carbon content (reflecting burn severity), pH and nutrients were measured at plot level. Trait data were retrieved from the BIEN and LEDA databases and analyzed using community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values. Statistical analyses included generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multivariate ANOVA.Results: Low burn severity resulted in higher frequency of legacy species (e.g. Vaccinium myrtillus), while high burn severity facilitated colonizing species (e.g. Senecio sylvaticus). Vegetation varied with soil chemistry, expressed through pH. Species composition changed between years and deviated from unburned clear-cuts. After five years the most common taxa on burned plots were the vascular plants Chamaenerion angustifolium, Betula spp. and Populus tremula and the bryophytes Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum. CWM specific leaf area (SLA) decreased markedly with time and root buds increased with total carbon content in the soil (i.e., toward less severely burned plots), while soil pH was not associated with any studied trait. Chamaenerion angustifolium decreased with distance to the fire perimeter, while Ceratodon purpureus increased.Conclusions: Burn severity and soil pH weakly drive vegetation dynamics in the early phase following fire on clear-cuts, indicating a large influence of stochastic processes. Deciduous trees are common already after five years and their further expansion will affect light and nutrient availability. To understand future vegetation trajectories on burned clear-cuts, studies need to incorporate the light factor and links between tree species' identity and soil nutrient availability.
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| 30. |
- Gustafsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbance interval modulates the starting point for vegetation succession
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 102:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased frequency and new types of disturbances caused by global change calls for deepened insights into possible alterations of successional pathways. Despite current interest in disturbance interactions there is a striking lack of studies focusing on the implication of decreasing times between disturbances. We surveyed forest-floor vegetation (vascular plants and bryophytes) in a Pinus sylvestris–dominated, even-aged production forest landscape, unique because of the presence of stands under a precisely dated disturbance interval gradient, ranging from 0 to 123 yr between clearcutting and a subsequent megafire. Despite a dominance of early-successional species in all burned stands 5 yr after fire, progression of succession was linked to time since the preceding clearcutting disturbance. This was most clearly seen in increased frequency with time since clearcutting of the dominant, late-successional dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus, with surviving rhizomes as an important mechanism for postfire recovery. Our results demonstrate the role of legacy species as significant drivers of succession. We conclude that the starting point for succession is modulated by disturbance interval, so that shortened intervals risk reducing development towards late-successional stages. We suggest that a decrease in long successional sequences caused by more frequent disturbances may represent a general pattern, relevant also for other forest types and ecosystems.
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| 31. |
- Hildingsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous Formaldehyde and Fuel-Tracer LIF Imaging in a High-Speed Diesel Engine With Optically Accessible Realistic Combustion Chamber
- 2005
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging of formaldehyde and a fuel-tracer have been performed in a high-speed diesel engine. N-heptane and isooctane were used as fuel and toluene was used as a tracer. This arrangement made it possible to make simultaneous measurements of toluene by exciting at 266 nm and detecting at 270-320 nm while exciting formaldehyde at 355 nm and detecting at 400-500 nm.The aim of this study is to investigate how traditional fuel tracer and natural-occurring formaldehyde formed in the cool chemistry are transported in the piston bowl. A range of ignition delays were created by running the engine with different amounts of EGR. During this sweep the area where the low-temperature reactions take place were studied.The measurements were performed in a 0.5-l, single-cylinder optical engine running under conditions simulating a cruise-point, i.e., about 2.2 bar imep. The ignition delay was elongated compared to the normal mapping and the engine-out emissions of soot and NOx were ultra-low.It was found that the spatial location of LTR's does not shift significantly for different EGR levels. The formaldehyde signal overlaps the fuel signal in most cases before the onset of the main heat release.
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| 32. |
- Hoehl, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Itsy Bitsy Spider... : Infants React with Increased Arousal to Spiders and Snakes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention biases have been reported for ancestral threats like spiders and snakes in infants, children, and adults. However, it is currently unclear whether these stimuli induce increased physiological arousal in infants. Here, 6-month-old infants were presented with pictures of spiders and flowers (Study 1, within-subjects), or snakes and fish (Study 1, within-subjects; Study 2, between-subjects). Infants'€™ pupillary responses linked to activation of the noradrenergic system were measured. Infants reacted with increased pupillary dilation indicating arousal to spiders and snakes compared with flowers and fish. Results support the notion of an evolved preparedness for developing fear of these ancestral threats.
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| 33. |
- Høgsnes, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare professionals' documentation in nursing homes when caring for patients with dementia in end of life - a retrospective records review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 25:11-12, s. 1663-1673
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectivesTo investigate how end-of-life care was described by healthcare professionals in records of deceased persons affected by dementia who had lived in Swedish nursing homes. BackgroundIn the final stage of dementia disease, the persons are often cared for at nursing homes and they often die there. The research concurs that a palliative approach to end-of-life care is essential but there are still some limitations regarding research about what constitutes the end-of-life care provided to persons affected by dementia in Sweden. MethodNursing records (n=50) and medical records (n=50) were retrospectively reviewed in two nursing homes. The analysis was conducted using deductive and inductive content analysis. Three phases of The Liverpool Care Pathway; Initial assessment, Continuous assessment and Follow-up, were used deductively to first sort the text in the records, then the text in each phase was further analysed with inductive content analysis. Four categories and 11 subcategories described the content in the records. ResultsThe end-of-life care was described in the healthcare records based on such categories as decision-making, participation and communication, assessment and prevention of symptom and following up after the residents had died. ConclusionPaticularly, physical symptoms were documented and, to a lesser degree, psychological or existential/spiritual needs. Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals must have a holistic view of the person affected by dementia during the end-of-life care and, according to this study, more focus must be placed on their psychosocial and existential needs in the documentation of end-of-life care.
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| 34. |
- Høgsnes, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The existential life situations of spouses of persons with dementia before and after relocating to a nursing home
- 2014
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 18:2, s. 152-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim was to describe the existential life situations of spouses who care for persons with dementia, before and after relocation to nursing homes.Method: This was a qualitative study among 11 spouses of persons with dementia, recruited via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through interviews and analysed with interpretive content analysis.Results: Before the relocation to nursing homes, the spouses' existential life situations were characterized by feelings of shame and guilt, being isolated in the home. Spouses were also exposed to psychological threats, physical violence, and had feelings of placing one's own needs last. After the relocation, spouses described feelings of guilt and freedom, living with grief and thoughts of death, feelings of loneliness in the spousal relationship, and striving for acceptance despite a lack of completion.Conclusion: The existential life situation of spouses of persons with dementia is about being in limit situations which changes when the ill person relocates to a nursing home. This is important knowledge for health care staff to bear in mind at nursing homes when encountering spouses.
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| 35. |
- Høgsnes, Linda, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The Shift in Existential Life situation of Adult Children to Parents with Dementia Relocated to Nursing Homes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; 10, s. 122-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Previous research describes spouses and adult children of people with dementia as a homogeneous group using one term: family caregivers. Recent research shows that the needs and experiences of spouses and adult children differ, therefore they cannot be studied as a homogeneous group.Aims:The aim of the study was to describe the shift in existential life situations of adult children of a parent with dementia relocated to nursing homes.Design:This is a qualitative study with an interpretive approach.Methods:Face-to-face interviews were held with 11 adult children aged 48-65 years. The interviews lasted 30–60 minutes and data were analysed using interpretive content analysis.Findings:The adult children described how they experienced their life situation before and after their parents’ relocation. Before relocation they described feelings of powerlessness, loneliness in their responsibilities, loss and guilt. After relocation they had feelings of freedom, ongoing responsibility, living with loss and having a new relationship with death.Conclusion:The most important finding in our study was that adult children developed a different relationship with death than before the parent became affected by dementia. It is essential that healthcare staff understand and address the adult children’s existential life situations and the suffering they are experiencing. Healthcare staff need to be conscious about adult children’s needs for support to address their existential life situations before and after their parents relocate to nursing homes.
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| 36. |
- Høgsnes, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
The Shift in Existential Life Situations of Adult Children to Parents with Dementia Relocated to Nursing Homes. : The Shift in Existential Life Situation of Adult to Parents with Dementia
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The open nursing journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; 10, s. 122-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research describes spouses and adult children of people with dementia as a homogeneous group using one term: family caregivers. Recent research shows that the needs and experiences of spouses and adult children differ, therefore they cannot be studied as a homogeneous group.The aim of the study was to describe the shift in existential life situations of adult children of a parent with dementia relocated to nursing homes.This is a qualitative study with an interpretive approach.Face-to-face interviews were held with 11 adult children aged 48-65 years. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes and data were analysed using interpretive content analysis.The adult children described how they experienced their life situation before and after their parents' relocation. Before relocation they described feelings of powerlessness, loneliness in their responsibilities, loss and guilt. After relocation they had feelings of freedom, ongoing responsibility, living with loss and having a new relationship with death.The most important finding in our study was that adult children developed a different relationship with death than before the parent became affected by dementia. It is essential that healthcare staff understand and address the adult children's existential life situations and the suffering they are experiencing. Healthcare staff need to be conscious about adult children's needs for support to address their existential life situations before and after their parents relocate to nursing homes.
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| 37. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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On the Value of Changes in Life Expectancy: Blips versus Parametric Changes
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of risk and uncertainty. - : Springer Nature. - 1573-0476 .- 0895-5646. ; 15:3, s. 221-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate the value of a 'blip', i.e. an immediate small reduction, in the hazard rate for a random sample of Swedes. Since the risk reduction is age-independent (2 'extra saved lives' out of 10,000 during the next year), we can examine how the value of a statistical life varies with age. We also show how blip data can be used to obtain a lower bound for the value of a permanent change in an individual's hazard rate. The value of a life exhibits an inverted-U shape with respect to age, peaking at the age of 40, and lies within the $3 to $7 million interval where most reasonable estimates are clustered according to Viscusi's (1992) survey.
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term soil organic carbon changes after cropland conversion to grazed grassland in Southern Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Soil use and management. - 0266-0032 .- 1475-2743. ; 40:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing awareness of the potential value of agricultural land for climate change mitigation. In Sweden, cropland areas have decreased by approximately 30% over recent decades, creating opportunities for these former croplands to be managed for climate change mitigation by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. One potential land-use change is conversion of cropland to grazed grasslands, but the long-term effect of such change in management is not well understood and likely varies with soil type and site-specific conditions. Through sampling of mineral and peatland soils within a 75-year chronosequence of land converted from crop production to grazed grassland, we assessed how time since conversion, catenary position, and soil depth affected SOC storage. The SOC stocks calculated at an equivalent soil or ash mass increased through time since conversion in mineral soils at all topographic positions, at a rate of ~0.65% year−1. Soils at low topographic positions gained the most carbon. Peat SOC stock gains after conversion were large, but only marginally significant and only when calculated at an equivalent ash mass. We conclude that the conversion of mineral soil to grazed grassland promotes SOC accumulation at our sites, but climate change mitigation potential would need to be evaluated through a full greenhouse gas balance.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, 1985-
(författare)
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A Global Linear Optimization Framework for Adaptive Filtering and Image Registration
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital medical atlases can contain anatomical information which is valuable for medical doctors in diagnosing and treating illnesses. The increased availability of such atlases has created an interest for computer algorithms which are capable of integrating such atlas information into patient specific dataprocessing. The field of medical image registration aim at calculating how to match one medical image to another. Here the atlas information could give important hints of which kinds of motion are plausible in different locations of the anatomy. Being able to incorporate such atlas specific information could potentially improve the matching of images and plausibility of image registration - ultimately providing a more correct information on which to base health care diagnosis and treatment decisions.In this licentiate thesis a generic signal processing framework is derived : Global Linear Optimization (GLO). The power of the GLO framework is first demonstrated quantitatively in a very high performing image denoiser. Important proofs of concepts are then made deriving and implementing three important capabilities regarding adaptive filtering of vector fields in medica limage registration:Global regularization with local anisotropic certainty metric.Allowing sliding motion along organ and tissue boundaries.Enforcing an incompressible motion in specific areas or volumes.In the three publications included in this thesis, the GLO framework is shown to be able to incorporate one each of these capabilities. In the third and final paper a demonstration is made how to integrate more and more of the capabilities above into the same GLO to perform adaptive processing on relevant clinical data. It is shown how each added capability improves the result of the image registration. In the end of the thesis there is a discussion which highlights the advantage of the contributions made as compared to previous methods in the scientific literature.
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
-
Det försörjande könet : Arbetslöshet och maskulinitetskonstruktion hos mellankrigstidens arbetare i Norrköping / Från koja till slott : En identitetsstudie av en barockaristokrati under stormaktstidens Sverige
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det försörjande könet - Arbetslöshet och maskulinitetskonstruktion hos arbetare i mellankrigstidens Norrköping Av Gustaf JohanssonSyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur arbetslöshet påverkade konstruktionen av maskulinitet hos arbetarklassen under mellankrigstiden. Ämnesvalet kan motiveras utifrån flera aspekter. För det första är tidsperioden i sig gynnsam för studier av manlighetskonstruktion då det fanns ett klart formulerat hegemonisk manlighetsideal, samtidigt som det rådande samhällsekonomiska läget var sådant att en stor mängd män saknade förutsättningar att förverkliga det. Lägger man, för det andra, till det allt mer förekommande kvinnliga förvärvsarbetet får man en dubbel hotbild mot konstruktionen av idealmannen. Det rör sig dessutom om frågor som än idag har stor relevans, nämligen hur genus och genusidentiteter konstrueras i enlighet med och i relation till ideal, samt hur detta påverkar självbilden.Undersökningen kommer att baseras på följande frågeställningar:Hur såg män på arbetslöshet?Hur såg deras omgivning på arbetslösa män och hur påverkades könsrollerna3?Vad skedde med genuskonstruktionen efter en period av arbetslöshet?
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Globally Optimal Displacement Fields Using Local Tensor Metric
- 2012
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Ingår i: Image Processing (ICIP), 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on. - 9781467325349 ; , s. 2957-2960
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for regularizing displacement fields in image registration. The method uses the local structure tensor and gradients of the displacement field to impose a local metric, which is then used optimizing a global cost function. The method allows for linear operators, such as tensors and differential operators modeling the underlying physical anatomy of the human body in medical images. The algorithm is tested using output from the Morphon image registration algorithm on MRI data as well as synthetic test data and the result is compared to the initial displacement field. The results clearly demonstrate the power of the method and the unique features brought forth through the global optimization approach.
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| 43. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Motion Field Regularization for Sliding Objects using Global Linear Optimization
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In image registration it is often necessary to employ regularization in one form or another to be able to find a plausible displacement field. In medical applications, it is useful to define different constraints for different areas of the data. For instance to measure if organs have moved as expected after a finished treatment. One common problem is how to find plausible motion vectors far away from known motion. This paper introduces a new method to build and solve a Global Linear Optimizations (GLO) problem with a novel set of terms which enable specification of border areas to allow a sliding motion. The GLO approach is important especially because it allows simultaneous incorporation of several different constraints using information from medical atlases such as localization and properties of organs. The power and validity of the method is demonstrated using two simple, but relevant 2D test images. Conceptual comparisons with previous methods are also made to highlight the contributions made in this paper. The discussion explains important future work and experiments as well as exciting future improvements to the GLO framework.
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| 44. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, 1987-
(författare)
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När man skär i nuet faller framtiden ut : Den globala krisens bildvärld i Sverige under 1970-talet
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how this notion of a threatening global crisis was visualized in Swedish public media during the 1970s. The study has two main areas of interest. The first one entails an examination of how the visualizations relate to the present as a mode of time: how are temporal and spatial categories configured to make the “now” of global crisis visible? The second area of focus is the relationship between the visualizations and the imperative of change. This imperative was articulated in terms of concern for the global future: how did the visualizations guide, organize, and structure the ability to see the present from the perspective of global crisis?The study is based on a wide selection of media sources: newspapers, magazines, art exhibitions, popular science books, and television programs. I also look at how concerns for the global future surfaced in educational materials for use in school and in ideas for social reform articulated within the emerging discipline of Future Studies.In the dissertation, I show how the image-world that was created by the public circulation of global crisis narratives contained a broad range of images. Iconic ones, like photographs of the Earth from space and the J-curve diagrams, were no doubt important in the Swedish context. But they were not the only way to visualize notions of crisis on a global scale. Rather, it was the combination of many different types of visual material, providing different perspectives and possibilities, which defined the image-world that made global crisis visible from a Swedish point of view. Configurations of different times and places played an especially important role, giving visual form to the negative universal history of global crisis perception, and establishing a transhistorical space from which lessons could be learned and points of crisis brought into view.This montage-like quality of the image-world of global crisis is particularly important when trying to understand how the imperative of change, widely articulated when these topics were discussed in the Swedish public sphere, were related to the visualizations. Through the configuration of different images and perspectives, they guided the viewers to certain examples and showed how they connected with other points of importance. They visualized a structure for perceiving the “now” of global crisis. An outline of how to comprehend these connections, and how to realize where and when it was possible to act in order to counteract them, was thus made visually present in the images.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Regularization in Medical Image Registration using Global Linear Optimization
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Common problems in image registration include having large parts of the images contain noisy, uncertain, missing or impossible motion. Regularization is the field that aims to overcome these problems. In this article, we propose a novel framework : Global Linear Optimization (GLO) which we demonstrate has the capabilities to simultaneously and globally regularize with respect to : (1) anisotropic certainty of prior motion field, (2) sliding of organ boundaries and (3) incompressibility of organ interiors. The power of the presented framework consists of being able to spatially adapt which subsets of the data each constraint should affect and then solve a large sparse linear equations system which automatically propagates a solution over the data set through an overlapping localized metric. We demonstrate the validity of the methods and the power of the GLO framework on relevant test cases and on medical data from the DIR-lab.
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| 46. |
- Johansson, Maria, 1982-
(författare)
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Attention and Self-regulation in Infancy and Toddlerhood : The Early Development of Executive Functions and Effortful Control
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Executive functions are higher-order cognitive functions underlying self-regulation of behavior. That is, executive functions make it possible to resolve internal conflicts and behave according to future goals rather than acting on sudden impulses or going on automatic. Very similarly, the temperamental construct of effortful control is defined as being able to inhibit a dominant response, instead acting on a subdominant response. In children, poor executive functions and low levels of effortful control have both been associated with several negative outcomes, such as lower academic achievements and externalizing behavior problems. Although these self-regulatory functions seem to play a very important role in child development, little is still known about them during the first years of life. Furthering the knowledge of early executive functions and effortful control would likely increase the chances of early detection of risks of poor development. The present thesis aimed to investigate individual differences in executive functions and effortful control in infancy and toddlerhood, as well as the early development of, and the relation between, these two functions. The thesis further aimed to investigate the relationship between the self-regulatory functions and activity level, and the possibility of predicting toddlerhood self-regulatory functions with sustained attention in infancy. In Study I, individual differences in 10-month-olds’ rudimentary executive functions were found, and these were related to temperamental activity level. In Study II, individual differences in sustained attention in infancy were found to predict toddlerhood executive functions and effortful control. Both these self-regulatory functions improved significantly from infancy to toddlerhood although the individual stability was low. Executive functions and effortful control were related in toddlerhood but not in infancy. In Study III we replicated and extended the finding of a longitudinal relation between infant sustained attention and toddlerhood executive functions. In addition, partial support for the proposition that executive functions develop in a hierarchical fashion was found, with simple inhibition being predictive of more complex forms of working memory two years later. The results from the three studies combined contribute to a better understanding of the early development of the self-regulatory functions executive functions and effortful control.
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- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Sustained attention in infancy as a longitudinal predictor of self-regulatory functions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Infant Behavior and Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0163-6383 .- 1879-0453. ; 41, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous literature suggests that attention processes such as sustained attention would con-stitute a developmental foundation for the self-regulatory functions executive functioningand effortful control (e.g., Garon, Bryson, & Smith, 2008; Rothbart, Derryberry, & Posner,1994). Our main aim was to test this hypothesis by studying whether sustained attentionat age 1 year can predict individual differences in self-regulatory functions at age 2 years.Longitudinal data from 66 infants and their parents were included in the study. Sustainedattention was assessed during free play at age 1 year; executive functioning, measured usingan eye-tracking version of the A-not-B task, and effortful control, measured using parentalratings, were assessed at both age 1 and age 2 years. The results did support a longitudinalprediction of individual differences in 2-year-olds’ self-regulatory functions as a function ofsustained attention at age 1 year. We also found significant improvement in both executivefunctioning and effortful control over time, and the two self-regulatory constructs wererelated in toddlerhood but not in infancy. The study helps increase our understanding ofthe early development of self-regulatory functions necessary for identifying developmentalrisks and, in the future, for developing new interventions.
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification errors in camera-trap studies result in systematic population overestimation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable assessments of animal abundance are key for successful conservation of endangered species. For elusive animals with individually-unique markings, camera-trap surveys are a benchmark standard for estimating local and global population abundance. Central to the reliability of resulting abundance estimates is the assumption that individuals are accurately identified from photographic captures. To quantify the risk of individual misidentification and its impact on population abundance estimates we performed an experiment under controlled conditions in which 16 captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were camera-trapped on 40 occasions and eight observers independently identified individuals and recaptures. Observers misclassified 12.5% of all capture occasions, resulting in systematically inflated population abundance estimates on average by one third (mean +/- SD = 35 +/- 21%). Our results show that identifying individually-unique individuals from camera-trap photos may not be as reliable as previously believed, implying that elusive and endangered species could be less abundant than current estimates indicate.
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