| 1. |
- Ahonen, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Writing resistance together
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 27:4, s. 447-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This piece of writing is a joint initiative by the participants in the Gender, Work and Organization writing workshop organized in Helsinki, Finland, in June 2019. This is a particular form of writing differently. We engage in collective writing and embody what it means to write resistance to established academic practices and conventions together. This is a form of emancipatory initiative where we care for each other as writers and as human beings. There are many author voices and we aim to keep the text open and dialogical. As such, this piece of writing is about suppressed thoughts and feelings that our collective picket line allows us to express. In order to maintain the open-ended nature of the text, and perhaps also to retain some 'dirtiness' that is essential to writing, the article has not been language checked throughout by a native speaker of English.
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| 2. |
- Belitskaya-Lévy, Ilana, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a genomic signature of pregnancy identified in the breast
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Prevention Research. - 1940-6207 .- 1940-6215. ; 4:9, s. 1457-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to comprehensively compare the genomic profiles in the breast of parous and nulliparous postmenopausal women to identify genes that permanently change their expression following pregnancy. The study was designed as a two-phase approach. In the discovery phase, we compared breast genomic profiles of 37 parous with 18 nulliparous postmenopausal women. In the validation phase, confirmation of the genomic patterns observed in the discovery phase was sought in an independent set of 30 parous and 22 nulliparous postmenopausal women. RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix HG_U133 Plus 2.0 oligonucleotide arrays containing probes to 54,675 transcripts, scanned and the images analyzed using Affymetrix GCOS software. Surrogate variable analysis, logistic regression, and significance analysis of microarrays were used to identify statistically significant differences in expression of genes. The false discovery rate (FDR) approach was used to control for multiple comparisons. We found that 208 genes (305 probe sets) were differentially expressed between parous and nulliparous women in both discovery and validation phases of the study at an FDR of 10% and with at least a 1.25-fold change. These genes are involved in regulation of transcription, centrosome organization, RNA splicing, cell-cycle control, adhesion, and differentiation. The results provide initial evidence that full-term pregnancy induces long-term genomic changes in the breast. The genomic signature of pregnancy could be used as an intermediate marker to assess potential chemopreventive interventions with hormones mimicking the effects of pregnancy for prevention of breast cancer.
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| 3. |
- Carneiro, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic impact of array-based genomic profiles in esophageal squamous cell cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 8:98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a genetically complex tumor type and a major cause of cancer related mortality. Although distinct genetic alterations have been linked to ESCC development and prognosis, the genetic alterations have not gained clinical applicability. We applied array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to obtain a whole genome copy number profile relevant for identifying deranged pathways and clinically applicable markers. Methods: A 32 k aCGH platform was used for high resolution mapping of copy number changes in 30 stage I-IV ESCC. Potential interdependent alterations and deranged pathways were identified and copy number changes were correlated to stage, differentiation and survival. Results: Copy number alterations affected median 19% of the genome and included recurrent gains of chromosome regions 5p, 7p, 7q, 8q, 10q, 11q, 12p, 14q, 16p, 17p, 19p, 19q, and 20q and losses of 3p, 5q, 8p, 9p and 11q. High-level amplifications were observed in 30 regions and recurrently involved 7p11 (EGFR), 11q13 (MYEOV, CCND1, FGF4, FGF3, PPFIA, FAD, TMEM16A, CTTS and SHANK2) and 11q22 (PDFG). Gain of 7p22.3 predicted nodal metastases and gains of 1p36.32 and 19p13.3 independently predicted poor survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: aCGH profiling verified genetic complexity in ESCC and herein identified imbalances of multiple central tumorigenic pathways. Distinct gains correlate with clinicopathological variables and independently predict survival, suggesting clinical applicability of genomic profiling in ESCC.
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| 4. |
- Cozza, Michela, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 as a breakdown in the texture of social practices
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : WILEY. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 28:S1, s. 190-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lot of things need to be repaired and a lot of relationships are in need of a knowledgeable mending. Can we start to talk/write about them? This invitation - sent by one of the authors to the others - led us, as feminist women in academia, to join together in an experimental writing about the effects of COVID-19 on daily social practices and on potential (and innovative) ways for repairing work in different fields of social organization. By diffractively intertwining our embodied experiences of becoming together-with Others, we foreground a multiplicity of repair (care) practices COVID-19 is making visible. Echoing one another, we take a stand and say that we need to prevent the future from becoming the past. We are not going back to the past; our society has already changed and there is a need to cope with innovation and repairing practices that do not reproduce the past.
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| 5. |
- Do, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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| 6. |
- Edwards, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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‘I am not a Gentleman academic’ : Telling our truths of micro-coercive control and gaslighting in Business Schools using ‘Faction’
- 2022
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : Wiley. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper draws from our own experiences of sexism within Business Schools to bring attention to the effects of the operation of a highly masculinized, white, cis-gendered, and patriarchal culture, whether enacted by men or women, and to how we come to be silenced within it. Our work reflects on intersectional issues of race, health (mental and physical), and care-work, using faction built from six paired interviews to tell a truth we feel unable to tell individually. This piece highlights the real fear of repercussions that still persist for female academics, and uses the acts of collecting data and writing differently to offer the authors a safe space in which to resist both overt and structural sexism in Business Schools. It highlights the need to take seriously those subtleties of sexism that we are often expected to put up with, those difficult-to-name aspects of our working lives that leave us feeling it would be "silly" to complain and act as a form of micro-coercive control over our lives. We operationalize our collective voice as a form of activism in the academy that is situated within our individual silences.
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| 7. |
- Englund, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Cytochrome P450 Inhibitory Properties of Common Efflux Transporter Inhibitors
- 2014
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Ingår i: Drug Metabolism And Disposition. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556 .- 1521-009X. ; 42:3, s. 441-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug transporter inhibitors are important tools to elucidate the contribution of transporters to drug disposition both in vitro and in vivo. These inhibitors are often unselective and affect several transporters as well as drug metabolizing enzymes, which can make experimental results difficult to interpret with confidence. We therefore tested 14 commonly used P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP) inhibitors as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme activities using recombinant enzymes. A subset of P-gp and/or CYP3A inhibitors were selected (cyclosporin A, elacridar, ketoconazole, quinidine, reserpine, and tacrolimus) for a comparison of P450 inhibition in human microsomes and hepatocytes. Most P-gp inhibitors showed CYP3A4 inhibition, with potencies often in a similar range as their P-gp inhibition, as well as less potent CYP2C19 inhibition. Other P450 enzymes were not strongly inhibited except a few cases of CYP2D6 inhibition. MRP and BCRP inhibitors showed limited P450 inhibition. Some inhibitors showed less P450 inhibition in human hepatocytes than human liver microsomes, for example, elacridar, probably due to differences in binding, permeability limitations, or active, P-gp mediated efflux of the inhibitor from the hepatocytes. Quinidine was a potent P450 inhibitor in hepatocytes but only showed weak inhibition in microsomes. Quinidine shows an extensive cellular uptake, which may potentiate intracellular P450 inhibition. Elacridar, described as a potent and selective P-gp inhibitor, displayed modest P450 inhibition in this study and is thus a useful model inhibitor to define the role of P-gp in drug disposition without interference with other processes.
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| 8. |
- Hanson, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Carers Outcome Agreement Tool, A new approach to working with family carers
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes a joit Anglo-Swedish project to develop and pilot both a new instrument, the Carers Outcome Agreement Tool (COAT), and a new model of working with family carers based om creating partnership between carers, practitioners and service systems. Most countries are pursuing a policy of community care for older people and vast majority of the help that older need to remain at home is provided by their family. Ensuring appropriate and senitive support sevices for family carers is therefore a major policy priority. COAT has been designed to help overcome existing limitations by promoting a new approach to carer assesement and service provision. It builds om several years of research om carer assement, and is based om a model that views the carer as a `co-expert`. Carers and practitioners therefore work together to agree the type of goals and outcomes that carers see as important, and the support needed to achieve these.
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| 9. |
- Hanson, Elizabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Planeringsinstrument för anhörigstöd
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta arbete har syftat till att utveckla och pröva ett instrument för planering, uppföljning och utvärdering av stöd till anhörigvårdare. Arbetet har genomförts i Sverige och England och bygger på tidigare forskning avseende anhörigstöd, brukarmedverkan och partnerskap vid ÄldreVäst Sjuhärad, Högskolan i Borås och Universitetet i Sheffield. Instrumentet benämns COAT (Carers´ Outcome Agreement Tool). Det färdiga instrumentet består av fyra frågeformulär och baseras på områden identifierade som viktiga av anhöriga som vårdar en närstående. Varje formulär innehåller ett antal påståenden som den anhöriga i diskussion med den som svarar för planeringen får möjlighet att värdera. Till varje område hör en stödplan för planering av åtgärder, uppföljning och utvärdering av den överenskomna hjälpen. En användarguide som vänder sig till de anhöriga och en manual som vänder sig till vård- och omsorgspersonalen har utarbetats. Omfattande konsultationer i form av fokusgrupper med anhöriga och vård- och omsorgspersonal har använts för att arbeta fram instrumentet. Instrumentet har prövats i tre svenska kommuner, Göteborg, Ulricehamn och Härnösand, av vård- och omsorgspersonal med erfarenhet av anhörigstöd. Efter varje samtal med anhöriga dokumenterades hur instrumentet hade fungerat och hur anhöriga och de själva upplevt samtalet samt förslag på förbättringar. Uppföljande telefonintervjuer genomfördes med de anhöriga och fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes med vård- och omsorgspersonalen. Testarbetet visade att majoriteten av anhörigvårdarna upplevde hembesöket och möjligheten att få tala om sin situation som mycket positivt. De kände sig involverade och lyssnade till. Personalen uppgav att de fick ny kunskap och nya insikter även om det var anhörigvårdare som de känt länge. De synpunkter som framkom har åtgärdats i det instrument som medföljer denna rapport. Anhörigvårdarna och personalen som deltagit i utvecklingsarbetet bedömer nu att instrumentet är färdigt att användas. Det stora intresse och positiva gensvar som framkommit från alla berörda grupper under projektets gång talar för att det finns en ökande vilja att möta anhörigvårdare där de är och att arbeta tillsammans med dem. Planeringsinstrumentet för anhörigstöd, COAT, kan vara till stor nytta i ett sådant arbete.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Artistic Freedom or the Hamper of Equality? : Exploring Ethical Dilemmas in the Use of Artistic Freedom in a Cultural Organization in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With this paper, from the perspective of ethics at the workplace, we problematize the taken-for-granted assumptions embedded in the use of artistic freedom in creative processes. Drawing on the notion of inequality regimes (e.g. Acker, 2006) and using empirical material from a performing arts organization in Sweden, we explore how the assumptions of artistic freedom facilitate and legitimize the emergence of inequality regimes in invisible and subtle manners. Our findings indicate that non-reflexive interpretations of the concept of artistic freedom result in ethical dilemmas that impact the organization's pursuits of equality work. The aesthetic ethics oriented around the notion of ‘art for the sake of art’ tends to camouflage the centralization of aesthetic authority in processes where formal hierarchical structures are missing. Consequently, asymmetrical power relations between the Directors, actors, and producers are legitimized. Ethics of quality of art and that of the social ideal of equality have been constructed as dichotomic notions indicating that aesthetic ethics of art can only be preserved at the expense of social objectives of equality. We argue that the current interpretative practices of ‘artistic freedom’ in some cultural organizations add little value of ethics to the freedom of expressing artistic opinions and in achieving the social ideal of equality but lead to the emergence of inequality regimes in the artistic work processes.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Janet
(författare)
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Challenges and opportunities in digitalized work and management – case study 8
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study was conducted in one of the subsidiaries of a large Swedish industrial corporation, which is a world leader within the metal and manufacturing industry. In order to protect the identity of this organization, from this point on, I will refer to it as ‘MO’, manufacturing organization.The manufacturing subsidiary (MO) has a history in the local community that can be traced back to 1893. Within this particular manufacturing subsidiary there are about 180 employees, 75% of whom are blue collar, with six Team Managers and 25 Team Leaders. Residents in the small city where MO is located view the company not only as a business entity but an important part of their lives. Many families have members who have been employed by this company for generations.In the autumn of 2017, when I began the research project on this organization, the organization was undergoing a period of difficulty due to the implementation of a new digital program for integrated information management. Individuals occupying different roles in the organization explained to me how they organized their daily work, how they overcome technical obstacles, the types of changes they underwent, as well as their views on leadership/management and the future development of digitalized work. I interviewed and observed the work of 15 people including six operators (workers), three Team Leaders, one Team Manager, five managers (from the management team) and the Plant Manager of this subsidiary.In this report, I will present the material (interview and observational) collected in MO. I will begin by demonstrating the two-dimensional technology development – i.e. automation and digitalization that takes place simultaneously in this organization. I will present how change of technology enables the work process and provides opportunities while altering ideas and practices of work as well as challenging the concept of work (e.g. Kagermann, 2014:24) and management/leadership in the organization – by illustrating narratives from different perspectives. Following this, I identify opportunities and challenges that MO is facing. I analyse MO’s digital development and provide implications for future actions by relating to the literature of Change Management, Human Resource Management and Organizational Culture. Finally, I will discuss the future of digitalization by focusing on research possibilities in leadership, gender equality and diversity.Although the focus of this research project is the practices around technology renewal in terms of digitalization, the material shows that in the process of digitalizing industrial operations, the company faces multi-faceted challenges including technology renewal, changes in the nature of work, identity orientation, cultural shift, age paradoxes, coexistence of ‘old’ and ‘new’ methods etc. In this report, I also seek to provide implications based on the themes extracted from the material with the aim of helping the company to prevent unexpected, undesired social and cultural consequences resulting from the digitalizing process.
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Janet, Phil. Dr. 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing a 'Different' Strength : A Feminist Exploration of Vulnerability, Ethical Agency and Care
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 184, s. 317-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores how ethical agency, as other-oriented caring, emerged from feelings of being different in a cultural organization by drawing on feminist ethics of care. By analyzing interview material from an ethnographic study, we centralize the relationship between feelings of being different, vulnerability and the development of sensibilities, practices and imaginaries of care. We elaborate on how vulnerability serves as a ground for caring with rather than for others, and illustrate how it allowed individuals to challenge both organizational, normative diversity discourses and essentialization of differences. We contribute to the literature on critical diversity management by furthering problematizations of instrumental diversity management from the perspective of care, and to the organizational literature on feminist care ethics by empirically exploring how ethical agency emerges from tensions related to feeling different. While previous studies have shown how marginalized individuals use their sense of otherness to negotiate, conform to and resist organizational norms, practices and discourses, we provide further insights on how it also can drive concern and care for others, and thus serve as possible ground for ethical change initiatives within organizations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring caring collaborations in academia through feminist reflexive dialogs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study challenges the prevailing collaboration norms within academia, which predominantly adhere to meritocratic principles favoring masculine and individualistic values. These principles often result in a productivity paradigm centered on publications and high research performance. We contend that such collaboration norms perpetuate exclusionary practices, limiting the participation of women and individuals who do not neatly conform to the criteria of high productivity. Drawing inspiration from Long and colleagues' work in 2020, and guided by relational care ethics, we developed the notion that collaboration as a feminist strategy represents a transformative process of reflexive becoming and co-learning, emphasizing connectedness and generativity through care. Our findings highlight that through the lens of care, we transcended differing viewpoints, transitioning from self-centeredness to an other-oriented approach characterized by empathy, mutual understanding, and acceptance. Emotions emerged as embodied forms of knowledge, enriching the process of co-learning and co-becoming. Based on this, we propose a new constellation of Feminist Caring Collaboration in the academy, emphasizing the inclusivity of diverse participants and their varied skills and competencies, with full consideration of individuals' needs and future growth opportunities. Furthermore, we advocate for a broader acknowledgment of emotions such as satisfaction, joy, friendship, and pleasure in the knowledge production process, recognizing their significance in individuals' fulfillment in work and various life circumstances.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring caring leadership through a feminist ethic of care : The case of a sporty CEO
- 2021
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Ingår i: Leadership. - : Sage Publications. - 1742-7150 .- 1742-7169. ; 17:3, s. 318-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work critiques the normative construction of ethical leadership and contributes to understanding the ethics of care in leadership from a lifestyle and embodied perspective. Drawing on feminist notions of ethics of care, we question the ethicality of the practices of a sporty and health-oriented leader who claims to transform his attempts at self-care into care for others through role-modelling lifestyle behaviours. We explore inherent moral dilemmas in connecting a seemingly creative self-care project with well-intentioned practices of caring for others. We highlight the need to question persistent masculine rationalisations in ethical leadership, and to engage in and encourage, organisational and relational interactions that take account of specific employee needs. We argue that the leaders claiming to care for others by insisting on particular lifestyle behaviours and role-modelling aesthetic bodily ideals introduce new managerial norms in the organisation. The Instrumental intentions come to hamper an ethical care for the well-being of employees, whilst demonstrating the power of the leader to influence employees both inside and outside the organisation.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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Gendering the digitalized metal industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : WILEY. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 27:6, s. 1321-1345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With an empirical investigation of the Swedish metal industry, this study explores the gendering of metalwork in the context of digitalization. Adopting Butlers notions of gender performativity, and taking a broad feminist perspective, our analysis renders the following findings: first, inequality in the workplace between normative masculine and feminine characteristics is still present in the metal industry. The dominant exploitative expectations of masculine physical strength are gradually being replaced by the persistent masculine association with technology. Both men and women contribute to the confirmation and strengthening of this new masculine attribute. Second, women, through the construction of their sense of self as competent digital steelworkers, take on a vital role in re-formulating the gender script of the digitalized metal industry. By enacting stereotypical feminine aesthetic gestures, using housewifely metaphors parodying masculine discourses, and through deliberately connecting feminine attributes with competences and strengths in technology, female operators subvert the ideal image of a metalworker and disrupt the persistent myth of femininity as being incompatible with technology.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Janet, 1973-
(författare)
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“Sweat is weakness leaving the body” : an exploration of the corporeality of leadership
- 2013
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Ingår i: The 8th International Conference in Critical Management Studies. - Manchester, UK : University of Manchester. - 9780957668201
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines one athletic Swedish CEO’s body work. Through the management of the visible body image, regulating embodied experiences and emotion work, the CEO incorporates athleticism in his leadership philosophy, and infusing the body work in ‘healthy’ organizational culture. Adapting a symbolic interactionist embodiment notion, drawing on Goffman’s dramaturgical notion of self-presenting technique, this work anchors the analytical unit in the CEO’s reflexive, embodied self-making process, examines how the “front stage” self-image is being managed, controlled, maintained and modified through the ‘gaze of others’. Led by the idea of becoming the role model in all domains of others’ lives, through diligent bodily work, the leader instills the ideal of body perfection into managerialism. Firstly, the study argues that the body is simultaneously the expression of the power status and the demonstration of new aesthetics of leadership. The object and subject of body, “are emergent from one another”. With this, secondly, the study sheds light on the understanding about how individualized body work is a power laden and political process; it prepares and conducts the actor’s social self for his public actions. Thirdly, the corporeal aspect of leadership uncovers the forging of the dominant body norm in the organization. Through scrutinizing how the CEO defines the distinctions between ‘fit’ and ‘unfit’, ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’, ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’, it is found that the CEO, with his body work, intends to create embodied organizational identity categories which may enact the power feature of inclusion and exclusion. The micro-level practices embedded in the normative social network relations attend to sustain uphold and even intensify the existing social injustices and inequalities. Hence, there is a risk that the body norm initiated by the corporate CEO may bring the rise to some ‘bodies’ and excludes the different others.
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Janet, 1973-
(författare)
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“Sweat is weakness leaving the body” : A study on the self-presentational practices of sporty top managers in Sweden
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Embracing the symbolic interactionist view of the notion of self, applying dramaturgical theories of self-presentation, this study unpacks the linkage between leaders’ lifestyle behaviours (in athletic endeavours) and the formation of their sense of self as occupants of the leadership role from a self-expressive perspective. I conducted a study of a group of sporty top managers in Sweden. With interviews and observations, I anchored the research focus in verbal expressions within storytelling and in performative expressions of the top managers. Drawing on social interpretations of sport and athleticism and with a dramaturgical analytical frame, I examine how the sporty top managers interpret their athletic endeavours to express important values, beliefs and concerns to express ‘whom they want to become’ as occupants of the leadership role.The analysis shows that lifestyle behaviours in athletic endeavours serve as a new source of self-meanings with which the sporty top managers create and express wishful notions about themselves as occupants of the leadership role. By incorporating athletic values with their distinctive understanding of a ‘good leader’, the top managers seek to present themselves with an idealized image of ‘athletic leaders’. In this process, the top managers outline a role-script that is mainly characterized with self-disciplinary qualities and masculine values, they define the leadership context with athleticism in the centre, and they express an overt intent to elevate some people and exclude others in organizational processes based on athletic values in which they personally believe. Hence, the process of formation of self as ‘athletic leaders’ is not only ‘self-relevant’, but it is personally, interpersonally and socially (organizationally) meaningful. The analysis also shows that the top managers seek to give legitimacy and an elitist status to the idealized view of self by using expressive strategies to appropriate their appearances, regulate emotions and bodily senses, and mould a gendered self-image. This thesis contributes to leadership studies in several ways. First, the study expands on extant literature theorizing the linkage between lifestyle behaviours and the formation of sense of self as occupants of the leadership role from a new angle. It contends that lifestyle behaviours such as athletic endeavours have become a prime site where business leaders express creative narratives regarding an idealized view of themselves. Second, this study further advocates that the formation of sense of self of leaders is not a simple outcome of different forms of regulative discursive regime. Rather, this process involves creative self-reflexive activities that address individuals’ personally held values, their distinctive pursuits in becoming an idealized leader, relations with others, and some prevailing leadership notions that they believe to be closely associated with the nature of lifestyle behaviours in which they engage and commit. Third, this study confirms the notion that the formation of the understanding of self of leaders is not only a function of verbal expressive devices, but that it also involves individuals’ performative strategies in ‘expressive control’ (e.g. Down & Reveley, 2009; Goffman, 1959). This thesis adds to understanding this point of view through a discussion of self-presentational practices in non-work related activities. Finally and most importantly, this study suggests that the process of formation of the sense of self of business leaders is expressive of meanings on personal, interpersonal and social dimensions in its own right. That is, through creating new self-meanings in micro-level practices in lifestyle behaviours, the occupants of the leadership role define the situational characteristics (the leadership context), express intentions to enact the power feature of inclusion and exclusion of others; generate new understanding of the leadership role, and they reproduce and strengthen some prevailing leadership ideals.
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Janet, Phil. Dr. 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The body, identity and genderin managerial athleticism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 0018-7267 .- 1741-282X. ; 70:9, s. 1141-1167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that the healthy, fit and athletic body plays an essential role in the way contemporary managerial identities are construed. Drawing on insights from Judith Butler, we study these bodily identities as a form of regulation in organizations. We identify the cultural basis of regulation, show how it operates through specific norms, and detail how it implies gender. Based on an empirical study of men and women in management who are passionate about their healthy and fit bodies and athletic lifestyles, we demonstrate how norms set by managerial athleticism – understood as a particular regulative regime – operate through three discursive practices: perfecting the body, advocating against non-fit bodies, and becoming a role model. We show how the norms operate in both explicit and abject fashion and how they are implied in masculine language and materialized in physical (athletic) bodies. We offer new insights on how bodily identity regulation occurs and elucidate the gendered complexity and contradictions inscribed in managerial athleticism.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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The power and burden of representing diversity in a performing arts organization: A recognition-based approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gender Work and Organization. - : WILEY. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 30:6, s. 2014-2032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores tensions related to using representation to signal diversity and inclusion on and behind the stage in a performing arts organization in Sweden. Drawing on a recognition-based approach to inclusion, we analyze how minority and majority organisational members negotiate tensions related to representing, and being made to represent, diversity. Our ethnographic study illustrates how increased representation gives rise to conflicting experiences when collective or individual heterogeneity is negated and directs attention to the interpersonal and organisational relations that condition these experiences. We contribute to the critical literature on diversity and inclusion, and to research on recognition-based inclusion, by elucidating the interplay between recognition and misrecognition that shapes how representation is negotiated. We critically examine the complexities of using representation to promote diversity and inclusion and discuss its implications for creating more equal conditions of participation in culture and arts.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Thomas B, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Recommendations for Renewable Energies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings for International Conference on Renewable Energies, 1-4 June 2004, Bonn, Germany. ; , s. 19-19
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- energy policy; renewable energy;
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| 35. |
- Kaasila-Pakanen, Anna-Liisa, et al.
(författare)
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Writing touch, writing (epistemic) vulnerability
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : WILEY. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 31:1, s. 264-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Touch mediates relations between self-other, writers, and readers; it is material and affective. This paper is the outcome of writing touch as a collaborative activity between eight women writers across different times and locals. In sharing experiences of touch during and beyond the pandemic, we engage with collaborative writing articulated here as colligere, involving the assembling of writing in a holding space. The meanings and feelings of touch arise from our distinct writer positionalities as we think, work, and write in and about life, research, organizations, and organizing. We suggest that writing that reflects on/through touch presents epistemic vulnerability and openness to unknowing in the nexus of intercorporeal relationships. Writing touch contributes to writing and doing academia differently, particularly by offering sensorial encounters that reframe the ethico-political conditions of academic knowledge creation.
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| 36. |
- Klevebro, F., et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of neoadjuvant therapies for cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction based on a national data registry
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 103:13, s. 1864-1873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Randomized trials have shown that neoadjuvant treatment improves survival in the curative treatment of oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junction cancer. Results from population-based observational studies are, however, sparse and ambiguous. Methods: This prospective population-based cohort study included all patients who had oesophagectomy for cancer in Sweden, excluding clinical T1 N0, recorded in the National Register for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer, 2006–2014. Patients were stratified into three groups: surgery alone, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Results: Neoadjuvant treatment was given to 521 patients (51·1 per cent) and 499 (48·9 per cent) received surgery alone. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increased the risk of postoperative surgical complications compared with surgery alone (adjusted odds ratio 2·01, 95 per cent c.i. 1·24 to 3·25; P = 0·005). Postoperative mortality was significantly increased after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared with surgery alone (odds ratio 2·37, 1·06 to 5·29; P = 0·035). Survival improved in patients with squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, whereas after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy survival was significantly improved only in the subgroup with the highest performance status and without known co-morbidity. In adenocarcinoma there was a trend towards improved overall survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy did not offer a survival benefit. Stratified analysis including only patients with adenocarcinoma in the highest performance category without known co-morbidity showed a strong trend towards improved survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with surgery alone (adjusted hazard ratio 0·47, 0·21 to 1·04; P = 0·061). Conclusion: For patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction, neoadjuvant treatments seemed to increase long-term survival, but also the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality, compared with surgery alone. Neither neoadjuvant treatment option seemed to improve survival significantly among patients with adenocarcinoma, compared with surgery alone.
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| 37. |
- Ljunggren, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced brachial artery distensibility in patients with type 1 diabetes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of diabetes and its complications. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1056-8727 .- 1873-460X. ; 30:5, s. 893-897
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) events are more common and occur earlier in life than in non-diabetics. Reduced brachial artery distensibility (BrachD) is an independent risk factor for development of CVD. Our aim was to determine if adults with T1D have lower BrachD compared to adults without diabetes and also to determine how age and gender affect the relationship of BrachD with T1D status. Materials and methods: BrachD was measured using the Dynapulse instrument in 829 participants (352 with T1D, 477 non-diabetics). An ANCOVA model was used to test the association of BrachD with age, sex, and T1D, and the significance of an age*sex*T1D interaction. Results: Mean BrachD was lower in T1D patients vs. controls (6.43 +/- 1.46 vs. 7.16 +/- 1.48 % change per mmHg, p amp;lt; 0.0001). In a model adjusted for age, T1D, and sex, the interaction of age*T1D*sex was significant (p = 0.0045). Younger women both with and without T1D had higher BrachD than men with and without T1D, but older women with and without T1D had lower BrachD compared to older men with and without T1D. Women with T1D had a steeper decline in BrachD with age than nondiabetic women. Conclusions: BrachD is lower in T1D patients than in non-diabetics, indicating increased vascular stiffness. Younger females have higher BrachD than males, but the decline with age in BrachD is steeper for women, particularly among those with T1D. BrachD may be an inexpensive, non-invasive method to ascertain increased CVD risk in this population. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Lundquist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional ATP-Binding Cassette Drug Efflux Transporters in Isolated Human and Rat Hepatocytes Significantly Affect Assessment of Drug Disposition
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Drug Metabolism And Disposition. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556 .- 1521-009X. ; 42:3, s. 448-458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freshly isolated hepatocytes are considered the gold standard for in vitro studies of hepatic drug disposition. To ensure a reliable supply of cells, cryopreserved human hepatocytes are often used. ABC-superfamily drug efflux transporters are key elements in hepatic drug disposition. These transporters are often considered lost after isolation of hepatocytes. In the present study, the expression and activity of ABC transporters BCRP, BSEP, P-gp, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP4 in human and rat cryopreserved hepatocytes were investigated. In commercially available human cryopreserved hepatocytes, all drug efflux transporters except human BCRP (hBCRP) exhibited similar expression levels as in fresh liver biopsies. Expression levels of hBCRP were 60% lower in cryopreserved human hepatocytes than in liver tissue, which could lead to, at most, a 2.5-fold reduction in hBCRP-mediated efflux. Fresh rat hepatocytes showed significantly lower levels of rat BCRP compared with liver expression levels; expression levels of other ABC transporters were unchanged. ABC transporters in human cryopreserved cells were localized to the plasma membrane. Functional studies could demonstrate P-gp and BCRP activity in both human cryopreserved and fresh rat hepatocytes. Inhibiting P-gp-mediated efflux by elacridar in in vitro experiments significantly decreased fexofenadine efflux from hepatocytes, resulting in an increase in apparent fexofenadine uptake. The results from the present study clearly indicate that ABC transporter-mediated efflux in freshly isolated as well as cryopreserved rat and human hepatocytes should be taken into account in in vitro experiments used for modeling of drug metabolism and disposition.
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| 39. |
- Lundquist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of In Vivo Rat Biliary Drug Clearance from an In Vitro Hepatocyte Efflux Model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Drug Metabolism And Disposition. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556 .- 1521-009X. ; 42:3, s. 459-468
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well-established techniques are available to predict in vivo hepatic uptake and metabolism from in vitro data, but predictive models for biliary clearance remain elusive. Several studies have verified the expression and activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters central to biliary clearance in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, raising the possibility of predicting biliary clearance from in vitro efflux measurements. In the present study, short-term plated rat hepatocytes were evaluated as a model to predict biliary clearance from in vitro efflux measurements before major changes in transporter expression known to take place in long-term hepatocyte cultures. The short-term cultures were carefully characterized for their uptake and metabolic properties using a set of model compounds. In vitro efflux was studied using digoxin, fexofenadine, napsagatran, and rosuvastatin, representing compounds with over 100-fold differences in efflux rates in vitro and 60-fold difference in measured in vivo biliary clearance. The predicted biliary clearances from short-term plated rat hepatocytes were within 2-fold of measured in vivo values. As in vitro efflux includes both basolateral and canalicular effluxes, pronounced basolateral efflux may introduce errors in predictions for some compounds. In addition, in vitro rat hepatocyte uptake rates corrected for simultaneous efflux predicted rat in vivo hepatic clearance of the biliary cleared compounds with less than 2-fold error. Short-term plated hepatocytes could thus be used to quantify hepatocyte uptake, metabolism, and efflux of compounds and considerably improve the prediction of hepatic clearance, especially for compounds with a large biliary clearance component.
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| 40. |
- Lundquist, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
The Impact of Solute Carrier (SLC) Drug Uptake Transporter Loss in Human and Rat Cryopreserved Hepatocytes on Clearance Predictions
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Drug Metabolism And Disposition. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556 .- 1521-009X. ; 42:3, s. 469-480
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cryopreserved hepatocytes are often used as a convenient tool in studies of hepatic drug metabolism and disposition. In this study, the expression and activity of drug transporters in human and rat fresh and cryopreserved hepatocytes was investigated. In human cryopreserved hepatocytes, Western blot analysis indicated that protein expression of the drug uptake transporters [human Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), human organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), human organic anion transporters, and human organic cation transporters (OCTs)] was considerably reduced compared with liver tissue. In rat cryopreserved cells, the same trend was observed but to a lesser extent. Several rat transporters were reduced as a result of both isolation and cryopreservation procedures. Immunofluorescence showed that a large portion of remaining human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters were internalized in human cryopreserved hepatocytes. Measuring uptake activity using known substrates of OATPs, OCTs, and NTCP showed decreased activity in cryopreserved as compared with fresh hepatocytes in both species. The reduced uptake in cryopreserved hepatocytes limited the in vitro metabolism of several AstraZeneca compounds. A retrospective analysis of clearance predictions of AstraZeneca compounds suggested systematic lower clearance predicted using metabolic stability data from human cryopreserved hepatocytes compared with human liver microsomes. This observation is consistent with a loss of drug uptake transporters in cryopreserved hepatocytes. In contrast, the predicted metabolic clearance from fresh rat hepatocytes was consistently higher than those predicted from liver microsomes, consistent with retention of uptake transporters. The uptake transporters, which are decreased in cryopreserved hepatocytes, may be rate-limiting for the metabolism of the compounds and thus be one explanation for underpredictions of in vivo metabolic clearance from cryopreserved hepatocytes.
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, Peter, 1979-
(författare)
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Essays on Social Interactions and the Long-term Effects of Early-Life Conditions
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. Essay 1: From the late 1970s through mid 1990s blood-lead levels decreased drastically in Swedish children due to the sharp phase-out of leaded gasoline. Exploiting the distinct geographical variation in early childhood lead exposure induced by the regulations together with micro data on all children in nine birth cohorts I show that reduced lead exposure early in life improves scholastic performance, cognitive ability, and labor market outcomes among young adults. At the relatively low levels of exposure considered, the analysis reveals a nonlinear relationship between local air lead levels in early childhood and adult outcomes, indicating the existence of a threshold below which further reductions no longer improve adult outcomes. Importantly, the effect is greater for children of lower socioeconomic status (SES), suggesting that pollution is one mechanism through which SES affects long-term economic outcomes and that environmental policies could potentially reduce the intergenerational correlation in economic outcomes. Essay 2: During a policy experiment in two Swedish regions in 1967 alcohol availability increased sharply, particularly for people under age 21. The policy experiment was abruptly ended after only 8.5 months due to a sharp increase in alcohol consumption. I exploit the distinct temporal, spatial and age-specific changes in alcohol availability induced by the policy shift to estimate the long-term effects on those in utero during it. I find that children in utero during the short period of increased alcohol availability have significantly lower educational attainments, earnings and increased welfare dependency rates at age 30 in comparison with the surrounding cohorts. Any direct effects of the increased availability on birth-cohort composition (e.g. through an increase in unplanned pregnancies) are not driving the results as the richness of the data allows for a focus on exposed children conceived before the policy experiment started. The results provide compelling evidence that investments in early-life health can yield large effects on outcomes later on in life. Essay 3: We utilize a large-scale randomized social experiment to identify how co-workers affect each other’s effort as measured by work absence. The experiment altered the work absence incentives for half of all employees living in Göteborg, Sweden. Using administrative data we are able to recover the treatment status of all workers in more than 3,000 workplaces. We first document that employees in workplaces with a high proportion treated co-workers increase their own absence level significantly. We then examine the heterogeneity of the treatment effect in order to explore what mechanisms are underlying the peer effect. While a strong effect of having a high proportion of treated co-workers is found for the non-treated workers, no significant effects are found for the treated workers. These results suggest that pure altruistic social preferences can be ruled out as the main motivator for the behaviour of a non-negligible proportion of the employees in our sample. Essay 4: We examine the influence that co-workers’ childbearing has on each other’s fertility decisions. Using linked-employer employee panel data for Sweden we show that female individual fertility increases with on average 10% if a co-worker had a child within the previous 13-24 months. The timing of births among co-workers of the same sex, educational level and co-workers who are close in age is even more influential. Consistent with models of social learning we find that the peer effect for first time mothers is similar irrespective of the birth order of the co-worker’s child, while for higher order births within-parity peer effects are strong but cross-parity peer effects are entirely absent. A causal interpretation of our estimates is strengthened by several falsification test showing that neither unobserved common shocks at the workplace level, nor sorting of workers between workplaces are likely to explain the observed peer effect. We also provide evidence suggesting that peers not only affect timing of births but potentially also completed fertility, and that fertility peer influences spills-over across multiple networks. Our results suggest that social interactions could be an important factor behind the strong inter-temporal fluctuations in total fertility rates observed in many countries.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Peri, Suraj, et al.
(författare)
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Defining the genomic signature of the parous breast
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1755-8794. ; 5, s. 46-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is accepted that a woman's lifetime risk of developing breast cancer after menopause is reduced by early full term pregnancy and multiparity. This phenomenon is thought to be associated with the development and differentiation of the breast during pregnancy.Methods: In order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of pregnancy induced breast cancer protection, we profiled and compared the transcriptomes of normal breast tissue biopsies from 71 parous (P) and 42 nulliparous (NP) healthy postmenopausal women using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. To validate the results, we performed real time PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results: We identified 305 differentially expressed probesets (208 distinct genes). Of these, 267 probesets were up- and 38 down-regulated in parous breast samples; bioinformatics analysis using gene ontology enrichment revealed that up-regulated genes in the parous breast represented biological processes involving differentiation and development, anchoring of epithelial cells to the basement membrane, hemidesmosome and cell-substrate junction assembly, mRNA and RNA metabolic processes and RNA splicing machinery. The down-regulated genes represented biological processes that comprised cell proliferation, regulation of IGF-like growth factor receptor signaling, somatic stem cell maintenance, muscle cell differentiation and apoptosis.Conclusions: This study suggests that the differentiation of the breast imprints a genomic signature that is centered in the mRNA processing reactome. These findings indicate that pregnancy may induce a safeguard mechanism at post-transcriptional level that maintains the fidelity of the transcriptional process.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Santucci-Pereira, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic signature of parity in the breast of premenopausal women
- 2019
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Full-term pregnancy (FTP) at an early age confers long-term protection against breast cancer. Previously, we reported that a FTP imprints a specific gene expression profile in the breast of postmenopausal women. Herein, we evaluated gene expression changes induced by parity in the breast of premenopausal women.METHODS: Gene expression profiling of normal breast tissue from 30 nulliparous (NP) and 79 parous (P) premenopausal volunteers was performed using Affymetrix microarrays. In addition to a discovery/validation analysis, we conducted an analysis of gene expression differences in P vs. NP women as a function of time since last FTP. Finally, a laser capture microdissection substudy was performed to compare the gene expression profile in the whole breast biopsy with that in the epithelial and stromal tissues.RESULTS: Discovery/validation analysis identified 43 differentially expressed genes in P vs. NP breast. Analysis of expression as a function of time since FTP revealed 286 differentially expressed genes (238 up- and 48 downregulated) comparing all P vs. all NP, and/or P women whose last FTP was less than 5 years before biopsy vs. all NP women. The upregulated genes showed three expression patterns: (1) transient: genes upregulated after FTP but whose expression levels returned to NP levels. These genes were mainly related to immune response, specifically activation of T cells. (2) Long-term changing: genes upregulated following FTP, whose expression levels decreased with increasing time since FTP but did not return to NP levels. These were related to immune response and development. (3) Long-term constant: genes that remained upregulated in parous compared to nulliparous breast, independently of time since FTP. These were mainly involved in development/cell differentiation processes, and also chromatin remodeling. Lastly, we found that the gene expression in whole tissue was a weighted average of the expression in epithelial and stromal tissues.CONCLUSIONS: Genes transiently activated by FTP may have a role in protecting the mammary gland against neoplastically transformed cells through activation of T cells. Furthermore, chromatin remodeling and cell differentiation, represented by the genes that are maintained upregulated long after the FTP, may be responsible for the lasting preventive effect against breast cancer.
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| 46. |
- Stacey, Simon N, et al.
(författare)
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Ancestry-shift refinement mapping of the C6orf97-ESR1 breast cancer susceptibility locus.
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science. - 1553-7404. ; 6:7, s. e1001029-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used an approach that we term ancestry-shift refinement mapping to investigate an association, originally discovered in a GWAS of a Chinese population, between rs2046210[T] and breast cancer susceptibility. The locus is on 6q25.1 in proximity to the C6orf97 and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) genes. We identified a panel of SNPs that are correlated with rs2046210 in Chinese, but not necessarily so in other ancestral populations, and genotyped them in breast cancer case:control samples of Asian, European, and African origin, a total of 10,176 cases and 13,286 controls. We found that rs2046210[T] does not confer substantial risk of breast cancer in Europeans and Africans (OR = 1.04, P = 0.099, and OR = 0.98, P = 0.77, respectively). Rather, in those ancestries, an association signal arises from a group of less common SNPs typified by rs9397435. The rs9397435[G] allele was found to confer risk of breast cancer in European (OR = 1.15, P = 1.2 x 10(-3)), African (OR = 1.35, P = 0.014), and Asian (OR = 1.23, P = 2.9 x 10(-4)) population samples. Combined over all ancestries, the OR was 1.19 (P = 3.9 x 10(-7)), was without significant heterogeneity between ancestries (P(het) = 0.36) and the SNP fully accounted for the association signal in each ancestry. Haplotypes bearing rs9397435[G] are well tagged by rs2046210[T] only in Asians. The rs9397435[G] allele showed associations with both estrogen receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. Using early-draft data from the 1,000 Genomes project, we found that the risk allele of a novel SNP (rs77275268), which is closely correlated with rs9397435, disrupts a partially methylated CpG sequence within a known CTCF binding site. These studies demonstrate that shifting the analysis among ancestral populations can provide valuable resolution in association mapping.
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| 47. |
- Wang, Janet, et al.
(författare)
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A cloud-based resource for genome coordinate-based exploration and large-scale analysis of chromosome aberrations and gene fusions in cancer
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Genes Chromosomes and Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 62:8, s. 441-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytogenetic analysis provides important information on the genetic mechanisms of cancer. The Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations and Gene Fusions in Cancer (Mitelman DB) is the largest catalog of acquired chromosome aberrations, presently comprising >70 000 cases across multiple cancer types. Although this resource has enabled the identification of chromosome abnormalities leading to specific cancers and cancer mechanisms, a large-scale, systematic analysis of these aberrations and their downstream implications has been difficult due to the lack of a standard, automated mapping from aberrations to genomic coordinates. We previously introduced CytoConverter as a tool that automates such conversions. CytoConverter has now been updated with improved interpretation of karyotypes and has been integrated with the Mitelman DB, providing a comprehensive mapping of the 70 000+ cases to genomic coordinates, as well as visualization of the frequencies of chromosomal gains and losses. Importantly, all CytoConverter-generated genomic coordinates are publicly available in Google BigQuery, a cloud-based data warehouse, facilitating data exploration and integration with other datasets hosted by the Institute for Systems Biology Cancer Gateway in the Cloud (ISB-CGC) Resource. We demonstrate the use of BigQuery for integrative analysis of Mitelman DB with other cancer datasets, including a comparison of the frequency of imbalances identified in Mitelman DB cases with those found in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) copy number datasets. This solution provides opportunities to leverage the power of cloud computing for low-cost, scalable, and integrated analysis of chromosome aberrations and gene fusions in cancer.
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| 48. |
- Watts, Eleanor L., et al.
(författare)
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Observational and genetic associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer : a UK Biobank and international consortia study
- 2024
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 130, s. 114-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The association of fitness with cancer risk is not clear.Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of lung, colorectal, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer in a subset of UK Biobank participants who completed a submaximal fitness test in 2009-12 (N = 72,572). We also investigated relationships using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method.Results: After a median of 11 years of follow-up, 4290 cancers of interest were diagnosed. A 3.5 ml O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 total-body mass increase in fitness (equivalent to 1 metabolic equivalent of task (MET), approximately 0.5 standard deviation (SD)) was associated with lower risks of endometrial (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.89), colorectal (0.94, 0.90–0.99), and breast cancer (0.96, 0.92–0.99). In MR analyses, a 0.5 SD increase in genetically predicted O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 fat-free mass was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98). After adjusting for adiposity, both the observational and genetic associations were attenuated.Discussion: Higher fitness levels may reduce risks of endometrial, colorectal, and breast cancer, though relationships with adiposity are complex and may mediate these relationships. Increasing fitness, including via changes in body composition, may be an effective strategy for cancer prevention.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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