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| 6. |
- Ellegård, Kajsa, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Reflective Production in the Final Assembly of Motor Vehicles - An Emerging Swedish Challenge
- 1992
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Ingår i: International Journal of Operations and Production Management. - 1758-6593 .- 0144-3577. ; 12:7/8, s. 117-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presents some theoretical principles and empirical evidence relating to the new Swedish production systems for final assembly of motor vehicles. Contends that in these production systems it is possible simultaneously to enhance efficiency and quality of working life. Briefly sketches three production forms as they apply to the final assembly of automobiles and discusses the societal environments in which these different forms of production have evolved. It focuses on Volvo Uddevalla plant as one of the main examples so far of a reflective production system for final assembly of automobiles. Amplifies the analysis of different production flow patterns for final assembly and in particular addresses the issue of semi‐parallel mechanistic production flow and parallel organic production flow as alternatives to serial flow on a conventional line assembly. A comment: This publication is authored together with e.g. senior research competencies (1) within vocational learning and training as well as (2) within time-geography with whom Engström have had long time cooperation procedures. But also personal at our department/research group (Mats Johansson) well as our knowledgeable contact person (Bertil Johansson) within Volvo contributed (he has really helped us out for decades and was responsible for the continuous contacts with Volvo in most any matter).
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| 7. |
- Gullberg, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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In Scriptura Veritas? : Exploring Measures for Identifying Increased Cognitive Load in Speaking and Writing
- 2024
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Ingår i: Languages. - : MDPI AG. - 2226-471X. ; 9:3, s. 85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to establish a methodological framework for investigating deception in both spoken and written language production. A foundational premise is that the production of deceitful narratives induces a heightened cognitive load that has a discernable influence on linguistic processes during real-time language production. This study includes meticulous analysis of spoken and written data from two participants who told truthful and deceitful narratives. Spoken processes were captured through audio recordings and subsequently transcribed, while written processes were recorded using keystroke logging, resulting in final texts and corresponding linear representations of the writing activity. By grounding our study in a linguistic approach for understanding cognitive load indicators in language production, we demonstrate how linguistic processes, such as text length, pauses, fluency, revisions, repetitions, and reformulations can be used to capture instances of deception in both speaking and writing. Additionally, our findings underscore that markers of cognitive load are likely to be more discernible and more automatically measured in the written modality. This suggests that the collection and examination of writing processes have substantial potential for forensic applications. By highlighting the efficacy of analyzing both spoken and written modalities, this study provides a versatile methodological framework for studying deception during language production, which significantly enriches the existing forensic toolkit.
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| 8. |
- Gullberg, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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In scriptura veritas: ett metodologiskt förslag för att jämföra att skriva och att tala för forensiska ändamål
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Can language production processes in writing and speaking facilitate identification of fabrications? If so, are fabrications easier to detect in the written modality compared to the spoken modality? The aim of this study is to examine how language production processes manifest across truthful and fabricated narrative accounts of witnessed events. Specifically, the study asks if and how differences and similarities are manifested across written and spoken modalities, and if/how these differences/similarities can be analyzed within and across modalities. Linguistic processes in written and spoken language production are subject to working memory constraints (Goldman Eisler, 1970; McCutchen, 1996), and this can be seen in for example increased pause duration, frequency, and other disfluencies (Heldner & Edlund, 2010; Matsuhashi, 1981). It has also been found that lying leads to increased cognitive load (Williams, Bott, Patrick, & Lewis, 2013), leading to the hypothesis that fabrication would be visible in the production patterns in both modalities. Due to the synchronous nature of speaking, where the production process is overt, compared to the asynchronous nature of writing, where the process is covert, another hypothesis is that it will be easier to detect fabrication during writing.Two truthful and two fabricated narratives (whereof two spoken and two written) from a corpus of written and spoken narratives were used to qualitatively examine how pauses and disfluencies manifest in the two conditions across modalities. Written data consisted of a keystroke logging file and spoken as an audio file and transcription. Cognitive load was analyzed through text length, pause analyses and revisions (in writing) and reformulations (in speaking). The results show that, taking the difference in production speed across modalities into consideration, cognitive load can meaningfully be operationalized as pause frequency in relation to text length. Further, when measuring text length, the number of written/transcribed charactersis proposed as a way of measuring this while taking repetitions (in speaking) and fragments (in writing) into consideration. In conclusion, the study suggests that comparable results in the modalities can be reached by making informed analytical choices.
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| 9. |
- Gullberg, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Using keystroke logging to explore differences in written language production processes between self-experienced and invented narrative accounts : A forensic linguistic approach
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This study aims at investigating if/how writing processes, such as planning and revision, differ between accounts of self-experienced and invented narratives. The underlying assumption is that cognitive load will increase for the writer when s/he is is changing or inventing parts of an otherwise self-experienced series of events. This builds on theories of how limited working memory capacity leads to increased pausing behavior in accordance with increased cognitive demands (Kellogg, 1996; McCutchen 2000), and that the need for revisions will increase when the writer wants to meet the goal of convincing the reader that something is true (cf. the relation between planning, translating and revision described in e.g. the writing model of Hayes and Flower, 1980). This presentation primarily focusses on comparing written accounts, collected with an experimental design. Participants (n=45) were presented with 4 elicitation videos, depicting misdemeanors (e.g., cheating on an exam, stealing a bike). Each participant performed 4 accounts across the 4 films: two written, and two spoken. For one account in each modality the participant is asked to lie and alter “who did it”. Modality, films and invented/self-experienced accounts are balanced for order. The written data was collected online through keystroke logging (ScriptLog). The participants repeated the experiment 4 times with 2 weeks apart, to allow for comparisons of consecutive accounts of both invented and self-experienced narratives. The first results showed no differences between time on task between invented and self-experienced narratives, but the invented narratives required overall more pause time. In addition, time on task and overall pause time decreased over the consecutive accounts, indicating that the retelling task became easier independent of condition. There were no overall differences in the amounts of deleted text between the conditions, but during the writing of the invented narratives, less characters were written between pauses, indicating theneed to pause (and plan?) more often. The general picture is that there are many individual differences, and that individual baselines may need to be established, as well as including comparisons within subjects in the further explorations of the data. Continuing analyses will look more closer at the linguistic contexts where the writers need to pause and revise, and will also compare the written accounts to spoken equivalents. The overall picture is however that using keystroke logging to investigate “true” and “false” narratives may be a rewarding avenue for forensic linguistics, and could be used (in addition to other tools) to identify instances where information needs to be further investigated.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Lögnproduktion: En språkprocessanalys av falska och sanningsenliga berättelser i tal och skrift
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Denna studie utgår från psykolingvistiska teorier om språkproduktion i tal och skrift, och undersöker om det genom studiet av disfluenser i talet eller skriften går att se skillnader beroende på om en person berättar sanningsenligt eller hittar på. Studien har alltså en möjlig forensisk tillämplig. En central utgångspunkt är att den kognitiva belastningen ökar när en talare/skribent tvingas ändra hela eller delar av en återberättelse, och att detta avspeglar sig under språkproduktionen. Tidigare studier har visat hur ökad kognitiv belastning leder till ökade disfluenser, såsom fler och längre pauser, under både skriven och talad språkproduktion (Goldman Eisler, 1970; Kellogg, 1987; Matsuhashi, 1981; McCutchen, 1994). En hypotes är att det är enklare att efterlikna en sanningsenlig berättelse i tal, eftersom vi hört många talade utsagor, medan det är svårare att efterlikna en ”normal” skrivprocess då vi sällan observerar hur andra skriver, och vet hur pauseringsmönster och revisioner brukar se ut. En förväntanär att upptäcka tydligare skillnader i språkproduktionsmönster mellan skribenter än talare när sanningsenliga och falska berättelser jämförs. Syftet med studien är således att undersöka om/hur skriv- och talprocesser, som att planera och revidera, skiljer sig mellan sanningsenliga och falska utsagor av händelser. Forskningsfrågorna som undersöks är: Är det är möjligt att identifiera en falsk utsaga baserad på språkproduktionen i tal/skrift? Finns det några skillnader mellan tal och skrift i hur språkproduktionen påverkas av att hitta på en utsaga jämfört med att berätta sanningsenligt? Hur påverkas språkprocesserna om talare/skribenter upprepar dessa utsagor? Dessa frågor undersöks genom att jämföra språkproduktionsprocessen i sanningsenliga och falska utsagor av händelser i tal och skrift. Data samlades in i ett experiment där deltagare (n=40) fick se fyra särskilt framställda filmer som skildrade mindre förseelser (t.ex. cykelstöld, tentafusk). Deltagarna ombads återberätta filmernas innehåll och fyra återberättelser gjordes: två sanningsenliga (en i tal, en i skrift) och två falska (en i tal, en i skrift), med randomiserad ordning. I den falska återberättelsen ombads deltagarna att lägga skulden för det som skedde på en annan karaktär i filmen. Deltagarna upprepade sina berättelser totalt fyra gånger med två veckors mellanrum för att möjliggöra jämförelser av hur återberättelserna förändras över tid och vid upprepning. Skrivna data samlades in med tangentloggning (ScriptLog) och talade data spelades in med Audacity. Jämförelsen av de skrivna återberättelserna visade inga signifikanta skillnader i skrivtid mellan falska och sanningsenliga återberättelser, men de falska berättelserna krävde överlag mer paustid. Den totala skrivtiden och paustiden minskade för varje upprepad återberättelse vilket indikerar att det blev enklare för deltagarna att återberätta oberoende av villkor. Det fanns ingen skillnad i antal raderade tecken mellan de två villkoren, men i de falska berättelserna så skrevs färre tecken mellan pauser vilket kan indikera att skribenterna oftare behövde pausa (för att läsa och planera?). Den övergripande bilden är att det finns stora individuella skillnader. Preliminära resultat för de talade återberättelserna visade ingen signifikant skillnad i lexikal variation mellan villkoren, något som tidigare forskning indikerat. Fortsatta analyser kommer att undersöka taltid, samt pauser och disfluenser i tal jämfört med skrift. Goldman Eisler, F. (1970). Psycholinguistics; Experiments in Spontaneous Speech. Lingua: International Review of General Linguistics, 25, 152-164. Retrieved from http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mzh&AN=1970300786&site=eds-live&scope=site Kellogg, R. T. (1987). Effects of Topic Knowledge on the Allocation of Processing Time and Cognitive Effort to Writing Processes. Memory & Cognition, 15(3), 256-266. Matsuhashi, A. (1981). Pausing and Planning: The Tempo of Written Discourse Production. Research in the Teaching of English, 15(2), 113-134. Retrieved from http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.40170920&site=eds-live&scope=site McCutchen, D. (1994). The Magical Number Three, Plus or Minus Two: Working Memory in Writing. Advances in Cognition and Educational Practice, 2, 1-30.
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| 12. |
- Abrandt Dahlgren, Madeleine, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding clinical reasoning : A phenomenographic study with entry-level physiotherapy students
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 38:13, s. 2817-2826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Entry-level students' conceptualizations of clinical reasoning can provide a starting point for program planning related to clinical reasoning development with a focus on patient-centered care.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to explore how physiotherapy students understand clinical reasoning midway through their education. Nine physiotherapy students were interviewed at the end of their third semester.METHODS: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. A phenomenographic approach to qualitative data analysis, seeking to explore variations in students' conceptions was applied.RESULTS: The students' ways of understanding clinical reasoning could be described as: 1) the cognitive process of the physiotherapist; and 2) the relational process of the collaborative partnership between the physiotherapist and the patient. A contrastive analysis shows how the cognitive and relational perspectives are developed through the relationships among three dimensions of clinical reasoning: 1) problem-solving; 2) context of working; and 3) own learning.CONCLUSION: By identifying the critical variation in students' conceptions of clinical reasoning, focus can be placed on pedagogical arrangements to facilitate students' progression toward a person-centered approach.
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| 14. |
- Afrell, Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Att leva med en kropp som värker : samtal med fysioterapeuten
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aim: Physiotherapists in primary care meet, assess and treat patients with long-standing benign musculoskeletal pain. As a clinical condition, long-standing pain is common but nonetheless it is quite complex. The aim of this thesis has been, from a bodily existential perspective, to investigate and conceptualise the experience of living with longstanding benign musculoskeletal pain, and from there, to work out a method for conversation and assessment within non-specialised physiotherapy.Methods: Our first study was an interview study where we applied a phenomenological approach and investigated the ways individuals suffering from long-standing pain experienced their body and their illness. Four aspects of body experience were described, and based on these aspects, four typologies of attitudes to pain were distinguished. In the second study, we made two group interviews with six physiotherapists about their experiences of using, in their clinical work, questions from the interview guide in study I that had given particularly rich responses. Transcripts were analysed using phenomenography. In the third study, patients’ verbal responses to the key questions, directed to them by physiotherapists in clinical situations, were investigated, and the four aspects of body experience from study I formed the concepts of a deductive analysis. In study IV, finally, the key questions and typologies were tried by a larger group (31), and their experiences and the possible applicability of the method were studied by qualitative content analysis combined with the counting of codes.Results: We created four typologies of attitudes to long-standing pain: “Surrendering to one’s fate”, “Accepting by an active process of change”, “Balancing between hope and resignation” and “Rejecting the body”. These typologies, in turn, were based on four aspects of body experience: “The body as an aspect of identity”. “Body reliance”, “Body awareness”, and “Ways of understanding pain”. In study II, by the aid of key questions, patient and physiotherapist managed to have a conversation on bodily existential matters. The physiotherapist learnt to know the patient as a person, a process appeared to be initiated in the patient, and their relation changed. The patient was willing to talk about her body in pain, and had the words to do this. In study III, the key questions opened ways to reflections on body, existence, and biography. The four aspects of body experience were central to the patients’ descriptions. In study IV, the participating physiotherapists reported by large positive experiences from applying key questions and typologies. The patients reflected, emotions were evoked, and the relation and the communication often improved. The typologies helped in giving a comprehensive perspective of the patient’s problem, and to grasp where in the process of rehabilitation the patient was to be found.Conclusions: The method, seven key questions combined with the tentative frame of interpretation of the answers, seemed to be easily applied by interested physiotherapists in non-specialised practice. The application of the method addresses the need of developing the professional role of the physiotherapist. The challenge is to face the whole person, who is her lived body as well as her identity crisis, carried by emotions such as grief and anger. This may inspire the use of the full potential of the physiotherapist’s professional role in the clinical encounter.
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| 15. |
- Ahlgren, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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A simplified model for linear correlation between annual yield and DNI for parabolic trough collectors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 174, s. 295-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a simple method for estimating annual thermal performance of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) based on a linear relation with annual DNI for a certain latitude. A case study with simulations for a novel concentrating solar collector in 316 locations for three operating temperature scenarios worldwide was carried out and showed promising results for the latitudes and continents investigated. For a certain latitude and mean operating temperature, the annual yield of a PTC was found to be linearly proportional to yearly DNI. The proposed method will serve as a simplified alternative to the steady-state and quasi-dynamic methods already used. Estimating performance based on yearly DNI can be used by design engineers to do quick preliminary planning of solar plants. Customers can also use this method to evaluate existing solar collector installations. A TRNSYS/TRNSED tool that uses a steady-state model has been developed to carry out the simulations and it has been validated against a PTC array at Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The results show that the simplified method can give reliable estimates of long-term performance of parabolic trough collectors.
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| 16. |
- Allebeck, Peter, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Gothenburg study of women and alcohol: Low prevalence of abuse - trend toward increase appears to have abated : Studie i Göteborg om kvinnor och alkohol: Låg förekomst av missbruk - ökningen förefaller ha avklingat
- 2001
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 98:10, s. 1103-07
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevalence of alcohol dependence and abuse (ADA) was determined in a cohort of women selected by stratified random sampling from the general population in Gothenburg. A questionnaire was administered to 3,130 women and 399 were interviewed. Questions were asked about social background, living conditions, family and working life. Volume and frequency of alcohol intake were recorded, and diagnoses were made according to DSM-III. We found that the one-year prevalence of ADA was 1.5 percent and the life time prevalence 3.3 percent. In a follow-up five years after base-line, the prevalence of ADA was unchanged, while indicators of high alcohol consumption and high episodic drinking showed reduced levels of problem drinking.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Dan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Transport service procurement – initial findings and a research agenda
- 2016
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Ingår i: 25th IPSERA Conference, Dortmund, March 20-23, 2016..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology alone will not be sufficient to cope with emission reduction challenges. Transport procurement requires attention for individual firms as well as the transport industry to tackle environmental challenges. The aim of this paper is to identify practice, perceptions and outlook of transport buyers in order to present a research agenda that informs the advancement of current practice, on the basis of surveys, capturing practice among Swedish transport buyers. The direction for future research comprise levels of analysis ranging from the service level to industry-level, and suggest a mixed-method, wherein surveys are combined with in-depth case studies and workshops.
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| 19. |
- Backström, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term stress: effects on cortisol levels and carotenoid spots in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Zoology. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0008-4301 .- 1480-3283. ; 94, s. 707-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earlier studies have shown that the carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) is connected to stress responsiveness. These studies also suggested that the pigmentation is dynamic and can change quickly. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the effect of a short-term stressor on the number of carotenoid spots before and after certain time intervals after the stressor. Individuals were exposed to a net-restraint stressor for 1 min and then assigned a recovery time of either 0, 1, 2, 8, or 24 h. Photographs were taken before the stressor and after the recovery time to count carotenoid spots and to look at the relative changes over time. Behaviour during the stressor and cortisol levels after the assigned recovery time were evaluated. We found that the change in spottiness, measured as the ratio of spots after and before the stressor, changed with recovery time on the right side but not on the left side. Furthermore, left-side spots were correlated with struggling activity. Thus, carotenoid pigmentation seems to be lateralized, with more static spots on the left side connected to stress responsiveness, whereas spots on the right side seem to be more dynamic.
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| 20. |
- Barow, Thomas, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Elevassistenter i särskolan: mellan elever och speciallärare : Student assistants in special school: between student and special teacher
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forskning pågår.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den presenterade studien tar upp elevassistenters roll och uppgift i särskolan. Det empiriska materialet består av en enkätstudie med 60 elevassistenter och halvstrukturerade intervjuer mer fyra speciallärare och fem elevassistenter. Resultaten diskuteras baserande på ”street-level bureaucracy”-ansatsen och fokuserar på elevassisternas intermediära roll mellan speciallärare och elev i grundsärskolan. Elevassistenterna upplever avsaknad av stöd i sin professionella utveckling. Baserande på bristande resurser och omfattande uppgifter har de begränsade möjligheter i att kooperera med specialläraren gällande undervisningens planering, genomförande och evaluering. Komplexiteten att inneha både en undervisande och en omsorgsorienterad roll i klassrum diskuteras, särskilt med hänsyn till elevers välmående och relationer till andra elever.
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| 21. |
- Bergström, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Poorly soluble marketed drugs display solvation limited solubility
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 50:23, s. 5858-5862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We determined the intrinsic aqueous solubility of 15 poorly soluble drugs with solubilities ranging from 2.9 nM to 1.1 μM. We then analyzed the data from a physicochemical perspective, using experimentally determined solid-state properties and easily interpretable two-dimensional molecular descriptors, to better understand the factors underlying poor solubility. The analysis shows that poorly soluble drugs that have reached the market are solubility limited by solvation rather than by their solid state.
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| 22. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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A preference for dialogue: exploring the influence of patient preferences on clinical decision making and treatment in primary care physiotherapy
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2167-9169 .- 2167-9177. ; 21:2, s. 107-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Eliciting and considering patients’ preferences is essential to any clinical encounter and to good, high quality health care. Little research exists on how preferences are accommodated in decision making and how they influence treatment and rehabilitation. Aims: To explore perceptions of patients with musculoskeletal pain regarding how their preferences were accommodated in clinical decision making and influenced their rehabilitation, and whether their preferences changed during their rehabilitation. Methods: Qualitative interview study. Results: Participants’ preferences had, for the most part, influenced both choice of treatment and rehabilitation as a whole. While preferences were expressed to various extents, and largely perceived to be accommodated in the decision process, a good dialogue was considered essential for collaborative rehabilitation. Treatment decisions were to a large extent made jointly by the physiotherapist and the patient. Regardless of the strength of the preferences, participants appreciated the dialogue with the physiotherapist and the opportunity to discuss treatment options. The participants described how the physiotherapy episode of care had influenced their perceptions of and preferences for different treatment methods. Conclusions: The findings emphasise the importance of eliciting patient preferences, two-way communication and discussing treatment options, in order to stimulate collaborative rehabilitation.
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| 23. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958-
(författare)
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Advancing evidence-based practice in primary care physiotherapy : Guideline implementation, clinical practice, and patient preferences
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on physiotherapy treatment interventions has increased dramatically in the past 25 years and it is a challenge to transfer research findings into clinical practice, so that patients benefit from effective treatment. Development of clinical practice guidelines is a potentially useful strategy to implement research evidence into practice. However, the impact of guideline implementation in Swedish primary care physiotherapy is unknown. To achieve evidence-based practice (EBP), research evidence should be integrated with clinical expertise and patient preferences, but knowledge is limited about these factors in Swedish primary care physiotherapy.The overall aim of this thesis was to increase understanding of factors of importance for the implementation of EBP in Swedish primary care physiotherapy. Specific aims were: to translate and adapt a questionnaire for the measurement of EBP and guidelines; to investigate physiotherapists’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviour related to EBP and guidelines; to examine clinical practice patterns; to evaluate the effects of a tailored guideline implementation strategy; and to explore patients’ preferences for physiotherapy.The thesis comprises four studies (A-D), reported in five papers. In Study A, a questionnaire for the measurement of EBP and guidelines was translated, cross-culturally adapted, and tested for validity (n=10) and reliability (n=42). Study B was a cross-sectional study in which this questionnaire was used to survey primary care physiotherapists in the county council Region Västra Götaland (n=271). In Study C, a strategy for the implementation of guidelines was developed and evaluated, using the same questionnaire (n=271 at baseline, n=256 at follow-up), in a prospective controlled trial. The strategy was based on an implementation model, was tailored to address the determinants of guideline use identified in Study B, and comprised several components including an educational seminar. Study D was an exploratory qualitative study of patients with musculoskeletal disorders (n=20), using qualitative content analysis.The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory. Most physiotherapists have a positive regard for EBP and guidelines, although these attitudes are not fully reflected in the reported use of guidelines. The most important determinants of guideline use were considering guidelines important to facilitate practice and knowing how to integrate patient preferences with guidelines. The tailored, multi-component guideline implementation significantly affected awareness of, knowledge of, and access to guidelines. Use of guidelines was significantly affected among those who attended an implementation seminar. Clinical practice for common musculoskeletal conditions included interventions supported by evidence of various strengths as well as interventions with insufficient research evidence. The most frequently reported interventions were advice and exercise therapy. The interviewed patients expressed trust and confidence in the professionalism of physiotherapists and in the therapists’ ability to choose appropriate treatment, rendering treatment preferences subordinate. This trust seemed to foster active engagement in their physiotherapy.In conclusion: The adapted questionnaire can be used to reliably measure EBP in physiotherapy. The positive attitudes found do not necessarily translate to guideline use, due to several perceived barriers. The tailored guideline implementation strategy used can be effective to reduce barriers and contribute to increased use of guidelines. The clinical practice patterns identified suggest that physiotherapists rely both on research evidence and their clinical expertise when choosing treatment methods. Patients’ trust in their physiotherapist’s competence and preference for active engagement in their therapy need to be embraced by the clinician and, together with the therapist’s clinical expertise, integrated with guideline use in the clinical decision making. Further research is needed on how the EBP components and different knowledge sources can be integrated in physiotherapy practice, as well as on implementation effects on patient outcomes.
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| 24. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical practice in line with evidence? A survey among primary care physiotherapists in western Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. - : Wiley. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 21:6, s. 1169-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale, aims and objectives Evidence-based practice is becoming increasingly important in primary care physiotherapy. Clinical practice needs to reflect current best evidence and be concordant with evidence-based clinical guidelines. There is limited knowledge about therapeutic interventions used in primary care physiotherapy in Sweden. The objectives were to examine preferred treatment interventions reported by publicly employed physiotherapists in primary care for three common musculoskeletal disorders (low back pain, neck pain and subacromial pain), the extent to which these interventions were supported by evidence, and associations with demographic variables. Methods 419 physiotherapists in primary care in western Sweden were surveyed using a validated web-based questionnaire. Results The survey was completed by 271 respondents (65%). Median number of interventions reported was 7 (range 1-16). The most common treatment interventions across the three conditions were advice on posture (reported by 82-94%), advice to stay active (86-92%), and different types of exercise (65-92%). Most of these interventions were supported by evidence. However, interventions with insufficient evidence, such as advice on posture, TENS and aquatic exercise, were also used by 29-96%. Modalities such as laser therapy and ultrasound were sparingly used (< 5%), which is in line with evidence. For neck pain, use of evidence-based interventions was associated with gender and for subacromial pain, with work experience. Conclusions Advice and exercise therapy were the interventions most frequently reported across the three diagnoses, illustrating an active treatment strategy. While most reported interventions are supported by evidence, interventions with unclear or no evidence of effect were also used to a high extent.
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| 25. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Guideline Use in Primary Care Physical Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behavior
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 94:3, s. 343-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Understanding of attitudes, knowledge, and behavior related to evidence-based practice (ESP) and use of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in primary care physical therapy is limited. Objectives. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate self-reported attitudes, knowledge, behavior, prerequisites, and barriers related to EBP and guideline use among physical therapists in primary care and (2) to explore associations of self-reported use of guidelines with these social cognitive factors 'along with demographic and workplace characteristics. Methods. A web-based survey of 419 physical therapists in primary care in western Sweden was performed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with guideline use. Results. The response rate was 64.7%. Most respondents had positive attitudes toward EBP and guidelines: 90% considered EBP necessary, and 96% considered guidelines important. Approximately two thirds reported confidence in finding and using evidence. One third reported being aware of guidelines. Thirteen percent knew where to find guidelines, and only 9% reported having easy access to guidelines. Fewer than half reported using guidelines frequently. The most important barriers to using guidelines were lack of time, poor availability, and limited access to guidelines. Young age and brief work experience were associated with positive attitudes toward EBP. A postgraduate degree was associated with higher application of EBP. Positive attitudes, awareness of guidelines, considering guidelines to facilitate practice, and knowing how to integrate patient preferences with guideline use were associated with frequent use of guidelines. Limitations. Data were self-reported, which may have increased the risk of social.desirability bias. Conclusions. Use of guidelines was not as frequent as could be expected in view of the positive attitudes toward EBP and guidelines among physical therapists. Awareness of and perceived access to guidelines were limited. The identified determinants can be addressed when developing 'guideline implementation strategies.
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| 26. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of a tailored, multi-component intervention for implementation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines in primary care physical therapy: a non-randomized controlled trial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines are important for transmitting research findings into practice and facilitating the application of evidence-based practice (EBP). There is a paucity of knowledge about the impact of guideline implementation strategies in primary care physical therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a guideline implementation intervention in primary care physical therapy in western Sweden. Methods An implementation strategy based on theory and current evidence was developed. A tailored, multi-component implementation intervention, addressing earlier identified determinants, was carried out in three areas comprising 28 physical therapy practices including 277 physical therapists (PTs) (intervention group). In two adjacent areas, 171 PTs at 32 practices received no intervention (control group). The core component of the intervention was an implementation seminar with group discussions. Among other components were a website and email reminders. Data were collected at baseline and follow-up with a web-based questionnaire. Primary outcomes were the self-reported awareness of, knowledge of, access to, and use of guidelines. Secondary outcomes were self-reported attitudes toward EBP and guidelines. Analyses were performed using Pearson’s χ2 test and approximative z-test. Results 168 PTs (60.6%) in the intervention group and 88 PTs (51.5%) in the control group responded to the follow-up questionnaire. 186/277 PTs (67.1%) participated in the implementation seminars, of which 97 (52.2%) responded. The proportions of PTs reporting awareness of (absolute difference in change 20.6%, p = 0.023), knowledge where to find (20.4%, p = 0.007), access to (21.7%, p < 0.001), and frequent use of (9.5%, NS) guidelines increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. The proportion of PTs reporting frequent guideline use after participation in the implementation seminar was 15.2% (p = 0.043) higher than the proportion in the control group. A higher proportion considered EBP helpful in decision making (p = 0.018). There were no other significant differences in secondary outcomes. Conclusions A tailored, theory- and evidence-informed, multi-component intervention for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines had a modest, positive effect on awareness of, knowledge of, access to, and use of guidelines, among PTs in primary care in western Sweden. In general, attitudes to EBP and guidelines were not affected.
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| 27. |
- Bernhardsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
"In the physio we trust": A qualitative study on patients' preferences for physiotherapy
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 33:7, s. 535-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients' preferences should be integrated in evidence-based practice. This study aimed to explore patients' preferences for physiotherapy treatment and participation in decision making. Methods: A qualitative study set in an urban physiotherapy clinic in Gothenburg, Sweden. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 individuals who sought physiotherapy for musculoskeletal disorders. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: An overarching theme, embracing six categories, was conceptualized: Trust in the physiotherapist fosters active engagement in therapy. The participants preferred active treatment strategies such as exercise and advice for self-management, allowing them to actively engage in their therapy. Some preferred passive treatments. Key influencers on treatment preferences were previous experiences and media. All participants wanted to be involved in the clinical decision making, but to varying extents. Some expressed a preference for an active role and wanting to share decisions while others were content with a passive role. Expectations for a professional management were reflected in trust and confidence in physiotherapists' skills and competence, expectations for good outcomes, and believing that treatment methods should be evidence-based. Conclusion: Trust in the physiotherapist's competence, as well as a desire to participate in clinical decision making, fosters active engagement in physiotherapy.
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| 28. |
- Billinger, Kajsa, 1949-
(författare)
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Få dem att vilja : motivationsarbete inom tvångsvården av vuxna missbrukare
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The coercive care of adult substance abusers is aimed at motivating them to seek voluntary treatment. The purpose of the present study is to throw light on how motivational work is perceived and articulated by care providers working in coercive care.To select the LVM institutions for the study, an initial survey was made of the motivational work being carried out in the entire area of substance abuser care, both coercive and voluntary care. From this survey four institutions were strategically selected on the basis of their therapeutic points of departure. The focus group method was used for the data collection.The care providers at the four LVM institutions gave different pictures of coercive care, although they worked under the same paragraph of the law. The differences could be attributed to their different therapeutic points of departure. It was impossible to discern an explicit description of motivational work at any of the LVM institutions. The care providers did not present any methods or techniques that clearly differed from what we call diagnosis, education or upbringing. In their view, everything they did aimed at increasing their clients’ motivation. There were three main tools the care providers used to accomplish their central task of transforming unmotivated clients into persons who choose not to be substance abusers: assessment, treatment and the establishing of a relationship with the client and working within its framework. The clients’ needs were described in a corresponding way. They were to be led, taught or compensated. Only one of the four LVM institutions specifically treated the clients’ substance abuse problems. At the other three institutions, substance abuse was considered either secondary to the clients’ other problems, a symptom of underlying problems, or a topic to be avoided in order to focus on future solutions. The clients’ resistance and negative attitudes to coercive care were obstacles that care providers tried to overcome by various means. They encouraged clients to regard coercion as a privilege or tried to make them feel at home, or else the care providers worked as if the coercion did not exist. All in all, the picture that emerges is that because of the coercive element the care provided was without contours, the clients did not have a range of options from which to choose. The only thing the care providers could do was to get the clients to stay at the institution, or bring them back if they ran away. The goal of getting clients to take the next step into voluntary treatment had to give way to the less tangible goal of exerting a positive influence on them - of “sowing the seeds of change”.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Björnsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of age, delay of repair, and tendon involvement in acute rotator cuff tears Structural and clinical outcomes after repair of 42 shoulders
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 82:2, s. 187-192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Few authors have considered the outcome after acute traumatic rotator cuff tears in previously asymptomatic patients. We investigated whether delay of surgery, age at repair, and the number of cuff tendons involved affect the structural and clinical outcome. Patients and methods 42 patients with pseudoparalysis after trauma and no previous history of shoulder symptoms were included. A full-thickness tear in at least 1 of the rotator cuff tendons was diagnosed in all patients. Mean time to surgery was 38 (6-91) days. Follow-up at a mean of 39 (12-108) months after surgery included ultrasound, plain radiographs, Constant-Murley score, DASH score, and western Ontario rotator cuff (WORC) score. Results At follow-up, 4 patients had a full-thickness tear and 9 had a partial-thickness tear in the repaired shoulder. No correlation between the structural or clinical outcome and the time to repair within 3 months was found. The patients with a tendon defect at follow-up had a statistically significantly lower Constant-Murley score and WORC index in the injured shoulder and were significantly older than those with intact tendons. The outcomes were similar irrespective of the number of tendons repaired. Interpretation A delay of 3 months to repair had no effect on outcome. The patients with cuff defects at follow-up were older and they had a worse clinical outcome. Multi-tendon injury did not generate worse outcomes than single-tendon tears at follow-up.
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| 31. |
- Björnsson Hallgren, Hanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A specific exercise strategy for patients with subacromial pain significantly reduced the need for surgery : one-year results of a randomised controlled study
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: A specific exercise strategy focusing on eccentric exercises, for treating sbacromial pain has in a previous study been found effective at three-month followup.The aim of the present study was to investigate if the positive short-term results were maintained after one year. A further aim was to examine if baseline clinical score, rotator cuff status and radiological findings influenced the choice of surgery.Methods: 97 patients on the waiting-list for arthroscopic subacromial decompression were in the first study randomized to a three-month specific exercise strategy or unspecific exercises (controls). Patients were examined with radiology, ultrasound and assessed with clinical scores: primary Constant-Murley score. After three months of exercises the patients were asked if they still wanted surgery and this option was available until the one-year follow-up. All patients were re-assessed with clinical scores one year after inclusion or one year after surgical intervention and the number of patients that had chosen surgery in each group was compared. The baseline Constant-Murley score and the status of subacromial structures were analyzed in relation to patient's choice of surgery.Results: The positive short-term effect (improved shoulder function and pain) of the specific exercises was maintained after one-year. Compared to the three-month followup all patients had improved significantly (p < 0.0001) in Constant-Murley score. The number of patients that had chosen surgery in the control exercise group (63%) was significantly larger (p < 0.0001) than in the specific exercise group (24%). Patients that had chosen surgery had a significantly lower baseline Constant-Murley score and significantly more often a full-thickness tear. Patients with partial-thickness tears did not differ from those with intact cuff tendons.Conclusions: The positive short-term outcomes after specific exercises were maintained after one year and reduced the need of surgery significantly more than the unspecific control exercises. Patients with low baseline clinical score and/or a full-thickness tear significantly more often chose surgery.Level of evidence: I, Randomized controlled trail according to Consort statement.
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| 32. |
- Björnsson Hallgren, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
A specific exercise strategy reduced the need for surgery in subacromial pain patients
- 2014
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 48:19, s. 1431-1436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose A programme based on eccentric exercises for treating subacromial pain was in a previous study found effective at 3-month follow-up. The purposes of the present study were to investigate whether the results were maintained after 1 year and whether the baseline Constant-Murley score, rotator cuff status and radiological findings influenced the outcome. Patients and methods 97 patients on the waiting list for arthroscopic subacromial decompression had been randomised to a specific exercise programme or unspecific exercises (controls). After 3 months of exercises, the patients were asked whether they still wanted surgery and this option was available until a 1-year follow-up. 1 year after inclusion or 1 year after surgery, the number of patients who decided to have surgery in each group was compared. The choice of surgery was related to the baseline Constant-Murley score, ultrasound and radiographs taken at inclusion. Results All patients had improved significantly (pless than0.0001) in the Constant-Murley score at the 1-year follow-up. Significantly more patients in the control group decided to have surgery (63%) than those in the specific exercise group (24%; pless than0.0001). Patients who decided to have surgery had a significantly lower baseline Constant-Murley score and more often a full-thickness tear. Patients with partial tears did not differ from those with intact tendons. Interpretation The positive short-term results of specific exercises were maintained after 1 year, and this exercise strategy reduces the need for surgery. Full-thickness tear and a low baseline Constant-Murley score appear to be a predictive marker for a less good outcome.
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| 33. |
- Björnsson Hallgren, Hanna C, et al.
(författare)
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Specific exercises for subacromial pain : Good results maintained for 5 years
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 88:6, s. 600-605
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose — We have previously shown that specific exercises reduced the need for surgery in subacromial painpatients at 1-year follow-up. We have now investigated whetherthis result was maintained after 5 years and compared the outcomesof surgery and non-surgical treatment.Patients and methods — 97 patients were included in the previouslyreported randomized study of patients on a waiting list forsurgery. These patients were randomized to specifi c or unspecifi cexercises. After 3 months of exercises the patients were asked ifthey still wanted surgery and this was also assessed at the present5-year follow-up. The 1-year assessment included Constant–Murley score, DASH, VAS at night, rest and activity, EQ-5D, andEQ-VAS. All these outcome assessments were repeated after 5years in 91 of the patients.Results — At the 5-year follow-up more patients in the specifi cexercise group had declined surgery, 33 of 47 as compared with16 of 44 (p = 0.001) in the unspecifi c exercise group. The meanConstant–Murley score continued to improve between the 1- and5-year follow-ups in both surgically and non-surgically treatedgroups. On a group level there was no clinically relevant changebetween 1 and 5 years in any of the other outcome measuresregardless of treatment.Interpretation — This 5-year follow-up of a previously publishedrandomized controlled trial found that specifi c exercisesreduced the need for surgery in patients with subacromial pain.Patients not responding to specifi c exercises may achieve similargood results with surgery. These fi ndings emphasize that a specifi cexercise program may serve as a selection tool for surgery.
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| 34. |
- Björnsson Hallgren, Hanna Cecilia, 1976-
(författare)
-
Treatment of subacromial pain and rotator cuff tears
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shoulder pain is very common, affecting 14-21 % of the population at some time during their lifetime. The aims of this thesis were to improve the understanding of various aspects concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of subacromial pain and rotator cuff tears. Patients and healthy individuals were examined and compared in five studies:Study I) Seventy patients were retrospectively examined, clinically and with ultrasound, 15 years after arthroscopic subacromial decompression. All patients had an intact rotator cuff at surgery. Ultrasound showed significantly fewer rotator cuff tears compared to the prevalence of asymptomatic tears reported in the literature for the same age group. This indicates that arthroscopic subacromial decompression might protect the rotator cuff.Study II) Forty-two patients were retrospectively examined, clinically and with ultrasound, 39 months (mean) after an acute rotator cuff repair. All patients had pseudoparalysis after trauma, a full thickness tear and no previous history of shoulder symptoms. A delay in surgical treatment of three months and the number of tendons injured did not affect the outcome. Age affected outcome negatively.Study III) Plasma samples from 17 patients with cuff tears and 16 plasma samples from healthy age- and gender-matched controls were collected and analysed regarding the levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, TIMP1-4. Elevated levels of TIMP-1 were found in the patients with cuff tears compared to controls. Higher levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-3 and MMP-9 were found in patients with full-thickness tears compared to patients with partial-thickness tears.Study IV) Ninety-seven patients with longstanding subacromial pain, on the waiting-list for arthroscopic subacromial decompression, were prospectively randomised to specific shoulder exercises or control exercises for three months. Thereafter they were clinically examined and asked if they still wanted surgery. The specific shoulder exercises focusing on eccentric exercise for the rotator cuff and scapula stabilisers were found to be effective in reducing subacromial pain and improving shoulder function, thereby reducing the need for surgery.Study V) All patients including those operated, in Study IV were re-examined after one year using clinical assessment scores. The option of surgery was continuously available up to the one-year follow-up. Ultrasound and radiological examinations performed at inclusion were analysed in relation to the choice of surgery. The positive effects of the specific exercise programme were maintained after one year and significantly fewer patients in this group chose surgery. Surgery was significantly more often chosen by patients who had a low baseline shoulder score, and/or a full thickness rotator cuff tear. All patients showed significant improvement in the clinical scores one year after inclusion or one year after surgery.These results support the concept that subacromial pain has a multifactorial aetiology and that the first line of treatment should be specific shoulder exercises. When conservative treatment fails, an acceptable result can be achieved with arthroscopic subacromial decompression. The rotator cuff status is important to consider when treating and studying these patients.
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| 35. |
- Brinck, Ingar, et al.
(författare)
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Humans Perform Social Movements in Response to Social Robot Movements : Motor Intention in Human-Robot Interaction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 2020 Joint IEEE 10th International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob). - 9781728173061 - 9781728173207
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an experimental study of humans reactions to social motor intention (SMI) in a humanoid robot, we showed that SMI cause the emergence of social interaction between human and robot. We investigated whether people would respond differently to a humanoid robot depending on the kinematic profile of its movement. A robot placed a block on a table in front of a human subject in three different ways. We designed the robot’s arm and upper body movements to manifest the human kinematic profile of either a non-social motor intention or a social motor intention. In the control condition the robot performed an irregular (given the set-up) movements. Once the robot had finished its task, the task of the human was to place another block on top of the first one. We distinguishedbetween social and non-social responses to the robot’s behavior based in gaze behavior and kinematic profile of the human’s arm movement during the task. Our results show that the behavior of the human can be modulated by the kinematics of a robot’s motor action. In several cases the participants reciprocated movements displaying social motor intention with movements with a similar kind of kinematics, attempting to make eye contact during the task. This shows that HRI can emerge implicitly by sensorimotor processing and suggests that implementing a mechanism for social-motor intention in social robots designed to interact spontaneously would be useful.
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| 36. |
- Broström, Sander, et al.
(författare)
-
"Seeing a Brighter Future" - Experiences of Adolescents with Common Mental Disorders Receiving the Problem-Solving Therapy "Youth Friendship Bench" in Zimbabwe
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1096-4673 .- 0161-2840. ; 42:11, s. 1019-1029
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Zimbabwe common mental disorders are prevalent among adolescents and the treatment gap is large. The recently introduced Youth Friendship Bench intervention (YouFB) addresses this gap by task-shifting youth lay health workers to offer a culturally contextualised, manual-based, six-session problem-solving therapy to adolescents, 16-19 years of age. The aim of this study was to explore participants´ experiences of YouFB to attain a first insight into this novel intervention. Interviews with nine adolescents were analysed using qualitative content analysis on a latent level. The experience of YouFB was positive, perceived to offer hope and relief from feelings of isolation and uncertainty, increase manageability of problems, and contribute to feelings of autonomy, resulting in a feeling of optimism about the future. The notion among participants that this brief intervention had such a positive influence on their lives, sparks interest because of its applicability in low-resource settings.
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| 37. |
- Brännäs, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Proof of concept: visual categorization of carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L) can predict stress response
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 98, s. 1192-1195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carotenoid pigmentation in Salvelinus alpinus has been connected to stress responsiveness in earlier studies. This has, however, only been tested with time-consuming image analysis from photos. Here, we used quick visual categorization of carotenoid pigmentation to investigate the stress responsiveness of the extreme groups. The visually selected charr were then exposed to a net restraint stressor. Arctic charr with few spots also had a lower stress responsiveness compared to charr with many spots. Thus, visual selection could be used as a simple method within aquaculture.
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| 38. |
- Carlfjord, Siw, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Practitioner experiences from the structured implementation of evidence-based practice in primary care physiotherapy : A qualitative study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 25:4, s. 622-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES: To provide best available care, the practitioners in primary health care (PHC) must have adequate knowledge about effective interventions. The implementation of such interventions is challenging. A structured implementation strategy developed by researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, was used for the implementation of an evidence-based assessment and treatment programme for patients with subacromial pain among physiotherapists in PHC. To further develop strategies for implementation of evidence-based practices, it was deemed important to study the implementation from the practitioners' perspective. The aim of this study was to explore the practitioners' experiences from the implementation.METHODS: A qualitative design with focus group discussions was applied. The implementation in terms of perceptions of process and outcome was evaluated by focus group discussions with, in total, 16 physiotherapists in the target group. Data were analysed using the method qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The components of the strategy were viewed positively, and the applicability and evidence base behind the programme were appreciated. The programme was perceived to be adopted, and the practitioners described a changed behaviour and increased confidence in handling patients with subacromial pain. Both patient- and provider-related challenges to the implementation were mentioned.CONCLUSIONS: The practitioners' experiences from the implementation were mainly positive. A strategy with collaboration between academy and practice, and with education and implementation teams as facilitators, resulted in changes in practice. Critical voices concerned interprofessional collaboration and that the programme was focused explicitly on the shoulder, not including other components of physical function.
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| 39. |
- Ceder, Mikaela M., et al.
(författare)
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The glycine receptor alpha 3 subunit mRNA expression shows sex-dependent differences in the adult mouse brain
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2202. ; 24:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The glycinergic system plays an important inhibitory role in the mouse central nervous system, where glycine controls the excitability of spinal itch- and pain-mediating neurons. Impairments of the glycine receptors can cause motor and sensory deficits. Glycine exerts inhibition through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels composed of alpha and beta subunits. We have investigated the mRNA expression of the glycine receptor alpha 3 (Glra3) subunit in the nervous system as well as in several peripheral organs of female and male mice.Results Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis on the Zeisel et al. (2018) dataset indicated widespread but low expression of Glra3 in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2, Slc17a6) positive and vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (Viaat, Slc32a1)positive neurons of the mouse central nervous system. Highest occurrence of Glra3 expression was identified in the cortex, amygdala, and striatal regions, as well as in the hypothalamus, brainstem and spinal cord. Bulk quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated Glra3 expression in cortex, amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Additionally, male mice expressed higher levels of Glra3 in all investigated brain areas compared with female mice. Lastly, RNAscope spatially validated Glra3 expression in the areas indicated by the single-cell and bulk analyses. Moreover, RNAscope analysis confirmed co-localization of Glra3 with Slc17a6 or Slc32a1 in the central nervous system areas suggested from the single-cell data.Conclusions Glra3 expression is low but widespread in the mouse central nervous system. Clear sex-dependent differences have been identified, indicating higher levels of Glra3 in several telencephalic and diencephalic areas, as well as in cerebellum and brainstem, in male mice compared with female mice.
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| 40. |
- Clason van de Leur, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between improvements in psychological variables and subsequent sick leave among persons receiving a multimodal intervention for exhaustion disorder
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The incidence of sick leave due to stress-related disorders such as exhaustion disorder (ED) is high in many economically developed countries. Meanwhile, knowledge about facilitating return to work during clinical interventions for ED patients is still limited. The current study aimed to investigate if improvements in exhaustion symptoms, insomnia, perfectionistic behaviors, psychological flexibility, and perceived work ability during treatment of ED were associated with subsequent sick leave in the year following treatment.METHODS: Using a cohort of 880 ED patients who had participated in a multimodal intervention based on Cognitive Behavior Therapy, we estimated the association between one standard deviation (SD) improvement in treatment-related variables and the rate of net days of sick leave one-year following treatment.RESULTS: Our results showed that improvements in all treatment-related variables were associated with lower sick leave rates one year following treatment. Improvements in exhaustion symptoms (rate ratio (RR): 0.70 [95% CI 0.66; 0.75]) and self-perceived work ability (RR 0.56 [95% CI 0.50; 0.63]) showed the strongest associations to subsequent sick leave.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that interventions focusing on exhaustion symptoms, insomnia, perfectionistic behaviors, psychological flexibility, and perceived work ability can have a meaningful impact on ED patients' subsequent sick leave.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03360136).
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| 41. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
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On mandatory activation of welfare receivers
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates whether mandatory activation programs for welfare receivers have effects on welfare participation, employment and disposable income. In contrast to earlier studies we are able to capture both entry and exit effects. The empirical analysis makes use of a Swedish welfare reform in which the city districts in Stockholm gradually implemented mandatory activation programs for individuals on welfare. The reform is well suited for investigating effects of such programs for several reasons. First, the reform was not combined with any other policy instruments, like time limits or tax credits, making sure that we will capture effects of mandatory activation policies and nothing else. Second, the reform was initiated at different points of time in different city districts, which ease identification. Third, using data from city districts within a single local labor market we can control for confounding macro economic shocks. Overall, we find that mandatory activation of welfare receivers reduce overall welfare participation and increases employment. We also find that mandatory activation programs appear to work best for young people and for people born in non-Western countries. For disposable income, we do not find a statistically significant effect.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Davidsson, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Relapsed childhood high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia : presence of preleukemic ancestral clones and the secondary nature of microdeletions and RTK-RAS mutations.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 24:5, s. 924-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although childhood high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with a favorable outcome, 20% of patients still relapse. It is important to identify these patients already at diagnosis to ensure proper risk stratification. We have investigated 11 paired diagnostic and relapse samples with single nucleotide polymorphism array and mutation analyses of FLT3, KRAS, NRAS and PTPN11 in order to identify changes associated with relapse and to ascertain the genetic evolution patterns. Structural changes, mainly cryptic hemizygous deletions, were significantly more common at relapse (P<0.05). No single aberration was linked to relapse, but four deletions, involving IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/B or AK3, were recurrent. On the basis of the genetic relationship between the paired samples, three groups were delineated: (1) identical genetic changes at diagnosis and relapse (2 of 11 cases), (2) clonal evolution with all changes at diagnosis being present at relapse (2 of 11) and (3) clonal evolution with some changes conserved, lost or gained (7 of 11), suggesting the presence of a preleukemic clone. This ancestral clone was characterized by numerical changes only, with structural changes and RTK-RAS mutations being secondary to the high hyperdiploid pattern.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Davidsson, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Tiling resolution array comparative genomic hybridization, expression and methylation analyses of dup(1q) in Burkitt lymphomas and pediatric high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemias reveal clustered near-centromeric breakpoints and overexpression of genes in 1q22-32.3
- 2007
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 16:18, s. 2215-2225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although gain of 1q occurs in 25% of Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) and 10% of pediatric high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), little is known about the origin, molecular genetic characteristics and functional outcome of dup(1q) in these disorders. Ten dup(1q)-positive BLs/ALLs were investigated by tiling resolution (32k) array CGH analysis, which revealed that the proximal breakpoints in all cases were near-centromeric, in eight of them clustering within a 1.4 Mb segment in 1q12-21.1. The 1q distal breakpoints were heterogeneous, being more distal in the ALLs than in the BLs. The minimally gained segments in the ALLs and BLs were 57.4 Mb [dup(1)(q22q32.3)] and 35 Mb [dup(1)(q12q25.2)], respectively. Satellite 11 DNA on 1q was not hypomethylated, as ascertained by Southern blot analyses of 15 BLs/ALLs with and without gain of 1q, indicating that aberrant methylation was not involved in the origin of dup(1q), as previously suggested for other neoplasms with 1q rearrangements. Global gene expression analyses revealed that five genes in the minimally 57.4 Mb gained region-B4GALT3, DAP3, RGS16, TMEM183A and UCK2-were significantly overexpressed in dup(1q)-positive ALLs compared with high hyperdiploid ALLs without dup(1q). The DAP3 and UCK2 genes were among the most overexpressed genes in the BL case with gain of 1q investigated. The DAP3 protein has been reported to be highly expressed in invasive glioblastoma multiforme cells, whereas expression of the UCK2 protein has been correlated with sensitivity to anticancer drugs. However, involvement of these genes in dup(1q)-positive ALLs and BLs has previously not been reported.
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| 48. |
- de Moor, Joost, et al.
(författare)
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Country reports: Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Protest for a future. - Bryssel : Confederation Syndicat European Trade Union. ; , s. 19-31, s. 96-111
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
- Edholm, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Ordförandeskapet och representationsuppdraget. Att söka samförstånd i de interinstitutionella relationerna
- 2023
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Ingår i: För Europa i en ny tid. Sveriges ordförandeskap i EU 2023. - Stockholm : Santérus Förlag. - 9789173592031
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här boken analyserar tolv forskare det svenska ordförandeskapet utifrån en rad frågeställningar: Hur framskred arbetet inom olika politikområden? I vilken utsträckning lyckades Sverige agera i ordförandeskapets olika roller? Hur fungerade förhandlingarna med Europaparlamentet? Vilken roll spelade Sverige på det utrikespolitiska området? Vad kännetecknade inrikespolitiken under ordförandeperioden? Vilket avtryck gjorde ordförandeskapet i nationell och internationell media? Hur förhåller sig ordförandeskapet 2023 till de två tidigare svenska ordförandeskapen 2001 och 2009? Vad säger ordförandeskapet 2023 om svensk Europapolitik och om ordförandeskapsinstitutionens dynamik och framtid?
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| 50. |
- Ellegård, Kajsa, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Reflektiv produktion – Industriell verksamhet i förnyelse
- 1992
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book, a sort of summarization of the authors' insights and experiences regarding group work as well as alternatives to assembly line work from their own scientific perspective, which was made available in 1992. That is, in the (very specific) period of time (or turbulence) while the assembly plants in Uddevalla and Kalmar were closed down (the former assembly plant was closed down first, while the other was shut down approximate a year later). This book has been published by Volvo (AB Volvo Media, ISBN-number: 91 9761 604). It has been published by Arbetslivsutveckling with the editors Lars Cambert and Glenn Carlsson at this department. Moreover, the content has been validated by a number of Volvo experts and discussed at a seminary (among other things, each of these experts had to provide written comments to the two editors etc.). A comment: This publication is authored together with e.g. senior research competencies (1) within vocational learning and training as well as (2) within time-geography with whom Engström have had long time cooperation procedures. But also personal at our department/research group (Mats Johansson) well as our knowledgeable contact person (Bertil Johansson) within Volvo contributed. A comment: This publication is authored together with e.g. senior research competencies (1) within vocational learning and training as well as (2) within time-geography with whom Engström have had long time cooperation procedures. But, as our knowledgeable contact person (Bertil Johansson) within Volvo has contributed (he was helping us out for decades).
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