| 1. |
- Mulinari, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Contesting Secularism: Religious and Secular Binary Through Memory Work
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pluralistic Struggles in Gender Sexuality and Coloniality : Challenging Swedish Exceptionalism - Challenging Swedish Exceptionalism. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030474317 - 9783030474324 ; , s. 269-279
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ashman Kröönström, Linda, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise capacity, physical activity, and health-related quality of life in adults with CHD
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cardiology in the Young. - 1047-9511 .- 1467-1107. ; 30:5, s. 668-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess exercise capacity, physical activity, and health-related quality of life within a broad and unselected group of adults with CHD.Design: From April 2009 to February 2014, 1310 patients were assessed for suitability to participate in this single-centre cross-sectional study. Seven hundred and forty-seven (57%) patients were included, performed a submaximal bicycle test, and answered questionnaires regarding physical activity and health-related quality of life. Exercise capacity, physical activity, and health-related quality of life were compared with reference values and correlations were studied.Results: The exercise capacities of men and women with CHD were 58.7 and 66.3%, respectively, of reference values. Approximately, 20-25% of the patients did not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity. In addition, men scored significantly less points on 7 out of 10 scales of health-related quality of life and women in 6 out of 10 scales, compared with reference values. The strongest correlation was between exercise capacity and the Short Form-36 (physical function).Conclusions: Exercise capacity was impaired in all adults with CHD, including those with less complicated CHD. One-quarter of the patients did not achieve the recommended levels of physical activity. Exercise tests followed by individualised exercise prescriptions may be offered to all patients with CHD aiming to increase exercise capacity, levels of physical activity, improve health-related quality of life, and reduce the risk of acquired life-style diseases.
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| 4. |
- Ashman Kröönström, Linda, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle function in adults with congenital heart disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 170:3, s. 358-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess muscle function in a sample of Swedish adult men and women with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and to compare the results with published reference values in healthy adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: From April 2009 to December 2010, 762 adult outpatients were assessed for their suitability and individual need for tests of physical fitness. The patients performed five muscle function tests, two isotonic tests and three isometric tests. Of the 762 patients, 315 (41.3%) patients performed the tests. Patients with ACHD had lower isotonic muscle function compared to healthy reference values. In the heel lift test, men with ACHD performed at 63% and women at 58% of the healthy reference values and in the shoulder flexion test the corresponding performance level was 60% for men with ACHD and 85% for the women. Multiple regression analyses showed that NYHA class II-IV was a significant predictor for a lower isotonic muscle function i.e. heel lift in women (p<0.001) and men (p=0.05) and in shoulder flexion (p<0.001) in women, as well as in isometric knee extension (p=0.04) and isometric shoulder abduction (p<0.001) in women. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of muscle function in a broad and unselected group of patients with ACHD. Our data shows that patients with ACHD have lower isotonic muscle function. The impacts of low muscle function in activities of daily living and the question of whether muscle function could be improved with exercise training need further investigation.
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| 5. |
- Ashman Kröönström, Linda, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Post-operative musculoskeletal outcomes in patients with coarctation of the aorta following different surgical approaches.
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 327, s. 80-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine range of motion and muscle function in the upper extremity and spine in patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) comparing different surgical approaches.From October 2017 to February 2019, 150 patients were assessed for inclusion. A total of 99 patients (n=75 CoA, n=24 control), were included and assessed regarding muscle function, arm length and circumference, and spinal and thoracic mobility.There were significant differences between the right and left arm in patients with CoA, operated with the subclavian flap technique compared to controls in regards to shoulder flexion (p<0.001), elbow flexion (p=0.001), shoulder abduction (p=0.02), handgrip strength (p=0.01), length of upper arm (p<0.001), lower arm (p<0.001), and of whole arm (p<0.001), circumference regarding upper arm (p=0.001), lower arm (p<0.001), and wrist (p<0.001). Structural scoliosis was more frequent in patients who had undergone thoracotomy (25.4%) than patients who had not undergone a thoracotomy (5.9%, p=0.04), and were often located in the thoracic part of the spine.Patients with CoA operated on using the subclavian flap technique have impaired muscle function as well as reduced arm length and circumference. An increased rate of structural scoliosis was found in patients who underwent thoracotomy, in comparison with patients who had not undergone a thoracotomy. Further research is needed to determine whether muscle function impaired by surgical procedures can be improved with exercise.
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| 6. |
- Blomqvist, Evalena, et al.
(författare)
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Samförbränning av bilfluff, rötslam och avfall i en 20 MW fluidbäddpanna - Studier av bränslesammansättningens påverkan på beläggningsbildning
- 2007
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to prevent a further increased use of resources and to decrease the environmental impact from landfills, organic wastes are today diverted towards material and energy recovery. This creates a waste market with an increasing number of waste fractions that needs to be treated properly. As an example, in Sweden it has recently been prohibited to landfill source separated combustible waste (2002) and organic waste (2005). Wastes as automotive shredder residue (ASR) and sewage sludge can no longer be landfilled and needs to be either material or energy recovered, which challenge the waste treatment sector. This work investigates the effects of ASR and sewage sludge co-combustion in a 20 MW Energy-from-Waste plant (bubbling fluidised bed). The long term objective of the work is to increase the fuel flexibility, the boiler availability and the power production. This report focus on boiler operation and combustion performance in terms of agglomeration, deposit rates and emissions. In addition to the tests with ASR and sewage sludge, repeated measurements were performed during normal load as a reference. The results show that the co-combusted fractions of ASR and sewage sludge, which on mass basis constituted 6 % and 15 % respectively, did not increase the risk for agglomeration or deposits on heat-exchanging surfaces. Instead, compared to the two reference cases, the deposit rates decreased when sewage sludge was added. Only minor variation in the emissions was seen between the different cases. The levels of I-TEQs were far below the legislated values in all cases.
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| 7. |
- Byun, Jinyoung, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:8, s. 1167-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify new susceptibility loci to lung cancer among diverse populations, we performed cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies in European, East Asian and African populations and discovered five loci that have not been previously reported. We replicated 26 signals and identified 10 new lead associations from previously reported loci. Rare-variant associations tended to be specific to populations, but even common-variant associations influencing smoking behavior, such as those with CHRNA5 and CYP2A6, showed population specificity. Fine-mapping and expression quantitative trait locus colocalization nominated several candidate variants and susceptibility genes such as IRF4 and FUBP1. DNA damage assays of prioritized genes in lung fibroblasts indicated that a subset of these genes, including the pleiotropic gene IRF4, potentially exert effects by promoting endogenous DNA damage.
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| 8. |
- Egevad, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Ny bibliotekssystemmiljö : slutrapport
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Slutrapport för projekt om ny bibliotekssystemmiljö. Projektets syfte var att få fram ett beslutsunderlag för hur en ny eller förändrad bibliotekssystemmiljö kan stödja bibliotekets verksamhet från 2016. Detta innebär att:Undersöka behoven utifrån processer för att få fram lösningar som ökar nyttan och effektiviteten samt kvaliteten i verksamheten.Analysera konsekvenserna av olika alternativa lösningar för en kommande bibliotekssystemiljö.Skapa ett underlag med rekommendationer för beslut i ledningsgruppen.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Esberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Oral microbiota identifies patients in early onset rheumatoid arthritis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation. Here, the oral microbiota was characterized in relation to the early onset of RA (eRA) taking periodontal status into consideration. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of saliva bacterial DNA from 61 eRA patients without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and 59 matched controls was performed. Taxonomic classification at 98.5% was conducted against the Human Oral Microbiome Database, microbiota functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and periodontal status linked from the Swedish quality register for clinically assessed caries and periodontitis. The participants were classified into three distinct microbiota-based cluster groups with cluster allocation differences by eRA status. Independently of periodontal status, eRA patients had enriched levels of Prevotella pleuritidis, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Filifactor alocis species and in the Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium genera and functions linked to ornithine metabolism, glucosylceramidase, beta-lactamase resistance, biphenyl degradation, fatty acid metabolism and 17-beta-estradiol-17-dehydrogenase metabolism. The results support a deviating oral microbiota composition already in eRA patients compared with healthy controls and highlight a panel of oral bacteria that may be useful in eRA risk assessment in both periodontally healthy and diseased persons.
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| 11. |
- Esberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Oral Microbiota Profile in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbiota has been associated with autoimmune diseases, with nasal Staphylococcus aureus being implicated in the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV). Little is known about the role of oral microbiota in AAV. In this study, levels of IgG antibodies to 53 oral bacterial species/subspecies were screened using immunoblotting in plasma/serum in pre-symptomatic AAV-individuals (n = 85), matched controls, and established AAV-patients (n = 78). Saliva microbiota from acute-AAV and controls was sequenced from 16s rDNA amplicons. Information on dental status was extracted from a national register. IgG levels against oral bacteria were lower in established AAV versus pre-AAV and controls. Specifically, pre-AAV samples had, compared to controls, a higher abundance of periodontitis-associated species paralleling more signs of periodontitis in established AAV-patients than controls. Saliva microbiota in acute-AAV showed higher within-sample diversity but fewer detectable amplicon-sequence variants and taxa in their core microbiota than controls. Acute-AAV was not associated with increased abundance of periodontal bacteria but species in, e.g., Arthrospira, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Scardovia. In conclusion, the IgG profiles against oral bacteria differed between pre-AAV, established AAV, and controls, and microbiota profiles between acute AAV and controls. The IgG shift from a pre-symptomatic stage to established disease cooccurred with treatment of immunosuppression and/or antibiotics.
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| 12. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic trapping of cells in a microfluidic format
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of µTAS 2005 Conference. ; 1, s. 515-517
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents, for the first time, non-contact acoustic trapping of cells in a microfluidic format. The employed acoustic force maintains the cells in the center of a fluidic channel while allowing for perfusion of e.g. nutrients or drugs as well as optical monitoring of the cells. Neural stem cells have been acoustically trapped and tested for viability after 15 minutes of ultrasonic radiation. It is also shown that it is possible to grow yeast cells suspended in an acoustic standing wave while perfusing with cell media.
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| 13. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Trapping: System Design, Optimization and Applications
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the sixth Micro Structure Workshop. ; 1, s. 33-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manipulation, separation and trapping of particles and cells are very important tools in today's bioanalytical and medical field. The acoustic no-contact trapping method presented at earlier MSW 2004 provides a flexible platform for performing cell and particle assays in a perfusion-based microsystem. To further develop the system microfabricated glass channels are now used, resulting in shorter fabrication times and a very inert channel material. The fluidic design has been revised to minimise the risks of leaking and hydrodynamic focusing has been incorporated to ensure a high trapping efficiency. A change of piezoelectric materials has resulted in less thermal losses in the material, higher reproducibility and shorter manufacturing time. The trapping force was estimated by calculating the fluid force exerted on a single particle levitated in the standing wave as a reference. The temperature increase due to the losses in the transducer was measured using a fluorescent dye, indicating a maximum temperature increase of 10 degrees Celsius. Live cells have been trapped and shown to be viable while still suspended in the standing wave, thus making it possible to do on-line studies on, for example, drug response of cell populations.
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| 14. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Noninvasive acoustic cell trapping in a microfluidic perfusion system for online bioassays
- 2007
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 79:7, s. 2984-2991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Techniques for manipulating, separating, and trapping particles and cells are highly desired in today's bioanalytical and biomedical field. The microfluidic chip-based acoustic noncontact trapping method earlier developed within the group now provides a flexible platform for performing cell- and particle-based assays in continuous flow microsystems. An acoustic standing wave is generated in etched glass channels (600x61 microm2) by miniature ultrasonic transducers (550x550x200 microm3). Particles or cells passing the transducer will be retained and levitated in the center of the channel without any contact with the channel walls. The maximum trapping force was calculated to be 430+/-135 pN by measuring the drag force exerted on a single particle levitated in the standing wave. The temperature increase in the channel was characterized by fluorescence measurements using rhodamine B, and levels of moderate temperature increase were noted. Neural stem cells were acoustically trapped and shown to be viable after 15 min. Further evidence of the mild cell handling conditions was demonstrated as yeast cells were successfully cultured for 6 h in the acoustic trap while being perfused by the cell medium at a flowrate of 1 microL/min. The acoustic microchip method facilitates trapping of single cells as well as larger cell clusters. The noncontact mode of cell handling is especially important when studies on nonadherent cells are performed, e.g., stem cells, yeast cells, or blood cells, as mechanical stress and surface interaction are minimized. The demonstrated acoustic trapping of cells and particles enables cell- or particle-based bioassays to be performed in a continuous flow format.
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| 15. |
- Evander, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Versatile microchip utilising ultrasonic standing waves
- 2005
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Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings 2005. ; , s. 123-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the concept and initial work on a microfluidic platform for bead-based analysis of biological sample. The core technology in this project is ultrasonic manipulation and trapping of particle in array configurations by means of acoustic forces. The platform is ultimately aimed for parallel multistep bioassays performed on biochemically activated microbeads (or particles) using submicrolitre sample volumes. A first prototype with three individually controlled particle trapping sites has been developed and evaluated. Standing ultrasonic waves were generated across a microfluidic channel by integrated PZT ultrasonic microtransducers. Particles in a fluid passing a transducer were drawn to pressure minima in the acoustic field, thereby being trapped and confined laterally over the transducer. It is anticipated that acoustic trapping using integrated transducers can be exploited in miniaturised total chemical analysis systems (µTAS), where e.g. microbeads with immobilised antibodies can be trapped in arrays and subjected to minute amounts of sample followed by a reaction, detected using fluorescence. Preliminary results indicate that the platform is capable of handling live cells as well as microbeads. A first model bioassay with detection of fluorescein marked avidin binding to trapped biotin beads has been evaluated.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Fälth, Linda, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Working Memory Training - A Cogmed Intervention
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. - 1694-2493 .- 1694-2116. ; 14:02, s. 28-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study of working memory training investigates the impact of intervention with memory training on students' school performance. The training consisted of 25 occasions spread over five weeks. A total of 32 students from the first grade of primary school participated in the study, with 16 students in the intervention and 16 in the control group. Before and after the intervention, all the participants were tested on word decoding skills, reading comprehension, and automated mental arithmetic. The results showed that both groups had improved on all tests after the intervention, but that the intervention group performed significantly better on the word decoding test than the control group. However, this study demonstrated no differences due to memory training with regard to mental arithmetic between the intervention group and the control group. A possible interpretation of the result is that structured memory training is beneficial for students’ reading development.
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| 18. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 19. |
- Gomez-Bañuelos, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans before Symptom Onset and the Risk of Evolving to Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - Basel : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Periodontal disease has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated synovial damage, and antibodies to citrullinated antigens. Here, we investigate the association between exposure to the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and the development of RA. IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to Aa leukotoxin A (LtxA) were detected by ELISA in plasma from a cohort of Swedish adults at different stages of RA development, from before onset of symptoms to established disease. Patients with early and established RA had increased levels of anti-LtxA IgM compared with matched non-RA controls and periodontally healthy individuals. Logistic regression revealed that anti-LtxA IgM levels were associated with RA during early disease (OR 1.012, 95%CI 1.007, 1.017), which was maintained after adjustment for smoking, anti-CCP antibodies, rheumatoid factor, HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles and sex. We found no association between anti-LtxA IgG/IgA antibodies and RA at any stage of disease development. The data support a temporal association between anti-LtxA IgM antibodies and the development of RA, suggesting that a subset of RA patients may have been exposed to Aa around the time of transition from being asymptomatic to become a patient with RA.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Adam Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Insights from post-test examination of three packages from the MiniCan test series of copper-cast iron canisters for geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel : impact of the presence and density of bentonite clay
- 2017
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Ingår i: Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology. - 1478-422X .- 1743-2782. ; 52, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MiniCan is a field test designed to highlight certain aspects of corrosion in a KBS-3 type repository for spent nuclear fuel. Five experimental packages containing miniature copper-cast iron canisters were installed in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in 2006. Three packages have been retrieved, MiniCan 3 in 2011 and MiniCan 4 and 5 in 2015. The packages were examined regarding surface chemistry, microbiology and corrosion of copper and iron. The main difference in design between the retrieved packages was the presence and density of bentonite clay. Black deposits of sulphides were visually noted during dismantling of both MiniCan 3 (low density clay) and MiniCan 5 (no clay), but not in MiniCan 4 (high density clay). Extensive corrosion of cast iron specimens was observed in all three packages, with local attacks corresponding to the loss of hundreds of µm/y. Sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) were found to be present in ground water, in bentonite clay and on surfaces of various specimens of iron and copper, and it is suggested that the SRB activity had a pronounced influence on the corrosion observed. Copper surfaces display a roughness at the µm level and the integrated corrosion rate of copper mass-loss specimens was generally low. This paper is part of a supplement on the 6th International Workshop on Long-Term Prediction of Corrosion Damage in Nuclear Waste Systems. © 2017 The Author(s).
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-Year Benefit From Adjuvant Goserelin and Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer in a Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 40:35, s. 4071-4082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSETo assess the long-term (20-year) endocrine therapy benefit in premenopausal patients with breast cancer.METHODSSecondary analysis of the Stockholm trial (STO-5, 1990-1997) randomly assigning 924 premenopausal patients to 2 years of goserelin (3.6 mg subcutaneously once every 28 days), tamoxifen (40 mg orally once daily), combined goserelin and tamoxifen, or no adjuvant endocrine therapy (control) is performed. Random assignment was stratified by lymph node status; lymph node-positive patients (n = 459) were allocated to standard chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). Primary tumor immunohistochemistry (n = 731) and gene expression profiling (n = 586) were conducted in 2020. The 70-gene signature identified genomic low-risk and high-risk patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and multivariable time-varying flexible parametric modeling assessed the long-term distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI). Swedish high-quality registries allowed a complete follow-up of 20 years.RESULTSIn estrogen receptor-positive patients (n = 584, median age 47 years), goserelin, tamoxifen, and the combination significantly improved long-term distant recurrence-free interval compared with control (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.75, HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.87, and HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.94, respectively). Significant goserelin-tamoxifen interaction was observed (P = .016). Genomic low-risk patients (n = 305) significantly benefitted from tamoxifen (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.60), and genomic high-risk patients (n = 158) from goserelin (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.54). Increased risk from the addition of tamoxifen to goserelin was seen in genomic high-risk patients (HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.39 to 8.07). Moreover, long-lasting 20-year tamoxifen benefit was seen in genomic low-risk patients, whereas genomic high-risk patients had early goserelin benefit.CONCLUSIONThis study shows 20-year benefit from 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive premenopausal patients and suggests differential treatment benefit on the basis of tumor genomic characteristics. Combined goserelin and tamoxifen therapy showed no benefit over single treatment. Long-term follow-up to assess treatment benefit is critical.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Linda, 1977-
(författare)
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Acoustic Manipulation of Particles and Fluids in Microfluidic Systems
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The downscaling and integration of biomedical analyses onto a single chip offers several advantages in speed, cost, parallelism and de-centralization. Acoustic radiation forces are attractive to use in these applications since they are strong, long-range and gentle. Lab-on-a-chip operations such as cell trapping, particle fluorescence activated cell sorting, fluid mixing and particle sorting performed by acoustic radiation forces are exploited in this thesis. Two different platforms are designed, manufactured and evaluated.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Effective mixing of laminar flows at a density interface by an integrated ultrasonic transducer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 9:2, s. 297-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An acoustic mixer for glass channel microfluidic systems is presented. An acoustic standing wave, perpendicular to the fluid flow, is generated by the excitation of a miniaturized piezoelectric transducer operated around 10 MHz. The transducer is fabricated into a planar printed circuit board structure, constituting the bottom channel wall, which makes the mixer simple to integrate with a wide selection of microfluidic channel designs. The mixing occurs at a fluid-fluid density interface due to the acoustic radiation force; an analytical expression is derived to qualitatively describe this phenomenon. Only a small density difference in the range of 2–5% is required to achieve 150–270% peak broadening of a fluorescent sample between sheath flows, which we use as a measure of the mixing efficiency. The mixing efficiency is measured with regard to its sensitivity to the density difference, the fluid velocity and the transducer driving frequency. Transducers at different positions along the microchannel make it possible to compare the mixing of straight versus diagonal flows across the transducer surface. We finally demonstrate enhanced chemical lysis of E. coli K12 cells in the device due to active fluid mixing.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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On-chip fluorescence activated cell sorting by an integrated miniaturized ultrasonic transducer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 81:13, s. 5188-5196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An acoustic microfluidic system for miniaturized fluorescence-activated cell sorting (mu FACS) is presented. By excitation of a miniaturized piezoelectric transducer at 10 MHz in the microfluidic channel bottom, an acoustic standing wave is formed in the channel. The acoustic radiation force acting on a density interface causes fluidic movement, and the particles or cells on either side of the fluid interface are displaced in a direction perpendicular to the standing wave direction. The small size of the transducer enables individual manipulation of cells passing the transducer surface. At constant transducer activation the system was shown to accomplish up to 700 mu m sideways displacement of 10 mu m beads in a 1 mm wide channel. This is much larger than if utilizing the acoustic radiation force acting directly on particles, where the limitation in maximum displacement is between a node and an antinode which at 10 MHz is 35 mu m. In the automatic sorting setup, the system was demonstrated to successfully sort single cells of E-GFP expressing beta-cells.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Surface acoustic wave induced particle manipulation in a PDMS channel : principle concepts for continuous flow applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biomedical microdevices (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-2176 .- 1572-8781. ; 14:2, s. 279-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A device for acoustic particle manipulation in the40 MHz range for continuous-flow operation in a 50 μm wide PDMS channel has been evaluated. Unidirectionalinterdigital transducers on a Y-cut Z-propagation lithiumniobate wafer were used to excite a surface acoustic wavethat generated an acoustic standing wave inside the microfluidicchannel. It was shown that particle alignment nodeswith different inter-node spacing could be obtained,depending on device design and driving frequency. Theobserved inter-node spacing differed from the standard halfwavelengthinter-node spacing generally employed in bulkacoustic transducer excited resonant systems. This effectand the related issue of acoustic node positions relative thechannel walls, which is fundamental for most continuousflow particle manipulation operations in channels, wasevaluated in measurements and simulations. Specificapplications of particle separation and alignment wherethese systems can offer benefits relative state-of the artdesigns were identified.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Surface acoustic wave-induced precise particle manipulation in a trapezoidal glass microfluidic channel
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 22:2, s. 025018-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface acoustic wave (SAW) excitation of an acoustic field in a trapezoidal glass microfluidic channel for particle manipulation in continuous flow has been demonstrated. A unidirectional interdigital transducer (IDT) on a Y-cut Z-propagation lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate was used to excite a surface acoustic wave at approximately 35 MHz. An SU8 layer was used for adhesive bonding of the superstrate glass layer and the substrate piezoelectric layer. This work extends the use of SAWs for acoustic manipulation to also include glass channels in addition to prior work with mainly poly-di-methyl-siloxane channels. Efficient alignment of 1.9 mu m polystyrene particles to narrow nodal regions was successfully demonstrated. In addition, particle alignment with only one IDT active was realized. A finite element method simulation was used to visualize the acoustic field generated in the channel and the possibility of 2D alignment into small nodal regions was demonstrated.
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature and trapping characterization of an acoustic trap with miniaturized integrated transducers - towards in-trap temperature regulation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ultrasonics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-624X .- 1874-9968. ; 53:5, s. 1020-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An acoustic trap with miniaturized integrated transducers (MITs) for applications in non-contact trapping of cells or particles in a microfluidic channel was characterized by measuring the temperature increase and trapping strength. The fluid temperature was measured by the fluorescent response of Rhodamine B in the microchannel. The trapping strength was measured by the area of a trapped particle cluster counter-balanced by the hydrodynamic force. One of the main objectives was to obtain quantitative values of the temperature in the fluidic channel to ensure safe handling of cells and proteins. Another objective was to evaluate the trapping-to-temperature efficiency for the trap as a function of drive frequency. Thirdly, trapping-to-temperature efficiency data enables identifying frequencies and voltage values to use for in-trap temperature regulation. It is envisioned that operation with only in-trap temperature regulation enables the realization of small, simple and fast temperature-controlled trap systems. The significance of potential gradients at the trap edges due to the finite size of the miniaturized transducers for the operation was emphasized and expressed analytically. The influence of the acoustic near field was evaluated in FEM-simulation and compared with a more ideal 1D standing wave. The working principle of the trap was examined by comparing measurements of impedance, temperature increase and trapping strength with impedance transfer calculations of fluid-reflector resonances and frequencies of high reflectance at the fluid-reflector boundary. The temperature increase was found to be moderate, 7 degrees C for a high trapping strength, at a fluid flow of 0.5 mm s(-1) for the optimal driving frequency. A fast temperature response with a fall time of 8 s and a rise time of 11 s was observed. The results emphasize the importance of selecting the proper drive frequency for long term handling of cells, as opposed to the more pragmatic way of selecting the frequency of the highest acoustic output. Trapping was demonstrated in a large interval between 9 and 11.5 MHz, while the main trapping peak displayed FWHM of 0.5 MHz. A large bandwidth enables a more robust manufacturing and operation while allowing the trapping platform to be used in applications where the fluid wavelength varies due to external variations in fluid temperature, density and pressure.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature evaluation of soft and hard PZT transducers for ultrasonic
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of µTAS 2005 Conference. ; 2, s. 1428-1430
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports a comparison of soft and hard piezoceramic transducer materials used for ultrasonic particle trapping in a microfluidic bioanalytical platform. The investigation is made with the objective to obtain high acoustic forces with a minimum of temperature increase. Themperature is a critical parameter for bioassays and most often need to be kept below a certain level to allow handling of e.g. temperature sensitive proteins. The main conclusion in this paper is that it is possible to get efficieint trapping with a temperature increase of only a few degrees using a hard type III transducer material.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Yvonne A., 1956-
(författare)
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Delirium hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus : identifiering av symtom, tecken och riskfaktorer samt journalförda vårdåtgärder
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I samband med sjukhusvård kan äldre patienter riskera försämrad hälsa, inklusive delirium. Delirium, som är vanligt hos äldre patienter på sjukhus, är ett akut och allvarligt tillstånd med svåra konsekvenser för såväl patienten som för närstående, vårdpersonal och hälso- och sjukvård. Det är viktigt att delirium förebyggs, identifieras och behandlas. Forskning visar dock på brister i vården, vilket kan påverka patienternas hälsa och välbefinnande negativt. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att identifiera och beskriva symtom, tecken, riskfaktorer och vårdåtgärder vid delirium hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus samt att utvärdera tillämpbarheten av ett bedömningsinstrument för att identifiera delirium. Alla deltagande patienter var 65 år och äldre och rekryterades från ett länssjukhus (I-IV) och ett universitetssjukhus (III, IV). Dessutom ingick de bedömare som bedömt delirium med bedömningsinstrumentet 4AT i delarbete IV. Delarbetena bestod av en kvantitativ subgruppsanalys (n=25) av en punktprevalensstudie (n=210), en retrospektiv journalgranskning (n=78) med kvalitativ analys och två tvärsnittsstudier baserade på samma urval (n=200) med kvantitativa (III, IV) och kvalitativa analyser (IV). Data samlades in genom strukturerade intervjuer, validerade instrument, patientjournaler, frågeformulär och en öppen intervjufråga.Patienterna rapporterade svåra och besvärande symtom vilka hade journalförts i begränsad omfattning (14%). Även kognitiv funktionsnedsättning och patienternas beskrivningar av sitt välbefinnande hade journalförts i liten utsträckning. Patienternas tecken på delirium ledde till nedsatt förmåga att såväl delta i sin egen vård som att undvika skada. Vårdpersonalen svarade delvis på patienternas tecken på delirium då åtgärderna kunde vara både anpassade, bristfälliga och utöver vanlig vård. Skörhet var den starkaste riskfaktorn för delirium. Andelen patienter med delirium ökade med svårighetsgraden av skörhet. Den svenska versionen av bedömningsinstrumentet 4AT för att identifiera delirium hade diagnostisk precision och klinisk användbarhet med hög interbedömarreliabilitet. Bedömningsinstrumentet 4AT tolererades väl av patienterna, var lätt att använda och tog några minuter att genomföra. Detta innebär att det nu finns ett enkelt bedömningsinstrument för delirium på svenska som kan användas för att bedöma delirium hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus.Endast en mindre del av den studerade vården kan ses som personcentrerad och patientsäker. Struktur, systematik och ett helhetsperspektiv tycktes saknas, liksom ett personcentrerat förhållnings- och arbetssätt. För att minska incidensen av delirium, lidande och kostnader behöver vården förbättras. Det finns behov av att öka kunskapen om delirium och att se delirium som en vårdskada inom all vård. Vidare finns behov av att utveckla vården genom att tydligt integrera ett personcentrerat och patientsäkert förhållnings- och arbetssätt för att nå en helhetssyn på patienten. Målet är att främja hälsa och välbefinnande genom att förebygga delirium. För att möjliggöra identifiering av individuella vårdbehov är det en förutsättning att etablera en tillitsfull vårdrelation med den äldre patienten, där patientens perspektiv tillvaratas. Individuella vårdbehov behöver identifieras strukturerat och systematiskt genom bedömning med bedömningsinstrument av symtom, tecken, välbefinnande, delirium och riskfaktorer för delirium innefattande skörhet samt kognitiv funktionsnedsättning. Detta möjliggör individuellt anpassade vårdåtgärder.Ett individuellt anpassat omhändertagande som överensstämmer med ett integrerat personcentrerat och patientsäkert förhållnings- och arbetssätt skulle kunna bidra till att minska incidensen av delirium vilket kan skapa positiva effekter för såväl patienter som för vårdpersonal och hälso- och sjukvård.
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Yvonne A, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the Swedish version of the 4AT assessment test for delirium detection, in a mixed patient population and setting
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Delirium is common in older hospitalized patients. It has serious consequences e.g., poor health outcomes, mortality and increased costs. Despite that, many cases are undetected. Early detection of delirium is important in improving outcomes and use of assessment tools improves detection rates. The 4AT is a brief screening tool for delirium detection, which has not previously been translated into Swedish. The study aim was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of a Swedish version of the screening tool 4AT for delirium detection. Method This diagnostic test accuracy study used a quantitative and a qualitative approach and evaluated the patients' and the health care professionals' experiences of the tool. Study included 200 patients >= 65 years from a university hospital and a county hospital in two Swedish regions. Medical specialties were geriatric stroke/neurology, geriatric multimorbidity, severe cognitive impairment, orthopaedic, and urology. The translated 4AT was tested against the reference standard DSM-IV-TR criteria, based on the Organic Brain Syndrome scale and patient records. The 4AT was assessed simultaneously and independently by two assessors. Additionally, data was collected through patient record reviews, and questions about applicability to the patients (n = 200) and the assessors (n = 37). Statistical analyses, and qualitative content analyses were conducted. Results By reference standard 18% had delirium, and by 4AT 19%. The overall percent agreement was 88%, AUROC 0.808, sensitivity 0.70 (95% CI 0.51-0.84) and specificity 0.92 (95% CI 0.87-0.96). In the ward for severe cognitive impairment (n = 63) the 4AT was less sensitive and less specific. In the other wards (n = 132) sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.50-0.93), specificity 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.97), and AUROC 0.848. Interrater reliability (Kappa) was 0.918, p = < 0.001 (n = 144). The 4AT was well tolerated by patients, easy to use for health care professionals, and took a few minutes to conduct. Conclusion The Swedish version of 4AT is an accurate and applicable tool to use in clinical practice for detecting delirium in hospitalized patients across different medical specialities, and to use by different professionals and levels of seniority. To improve patient outcomes, we recommend the 4AT to be incorporated in clinical practice in health care settings in Sweden.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Kachuri, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Fine mapping of chromosome 5p15.33 based on a targeted deep sequencing and high density genotyping identifies novel lung cancer susceptibility loci
- 2016
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 37:1, s. 96-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosome 5p15.33 has been identified as a lung cancer susceptibility locus, however the underlying causal mechanisms were not fully elucidated. Previous fine-mapping studies of this locus have relied on imputation or investigated a small number of known, common variants. This study represents a significant advance over previous research by investigating a large number of novel, rare variants, as well as their underlying mechanisms through telomere length. Variants for this fine-mapping study were identified through a targeted deep sequencing (average depth of coverage greater than 4000x) of 576 individuals. Subsequently, 4652 SNPs, including 1108 novel SNPs, were genotyped in 5164 cases and 5716 controls of European ancestry. After adjusting for known risk loci, rs2736100 and rs401681, we identified a new, independent lung cancer susceptibility variant in LPCAT1: rs139852726 (OR = 0.46, P = 4.73x10(-9)), and three new adenocarcinoma risk variants in TERT: rs61748181 (OR = 0.53, P = 2.64x10(-6)), rs112290073 (OR = 1.85, P = 1.27x10(-5)), rs138895564 (OR = 2.16, P = 2.06x10(-5); among young cases, OR = 3.77, P = 8.41x10(-4)). In addition, we found that rs139852726 (P = 1.44x10(-3)) was associated with telomere length in a sample of 922 healthy individuals. The gene-based SKAT-O analysis implicated TERT as the most relevant gene in the 5p15.33 region for adenocarcinoma (P = 7.84x10(-7)) and lung cancer (P = 2.37x10(-5)) risk. In this largest fine-mapping study to investigate a large number of rare and novel variants within 5p15.33, we identified novel lung and adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci with large effects and provided support for the role of telomere length as the potential underlying mechanism.
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| 41. |
- Karasalo, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-robot terrain servoing with proximity sensors
- 2005
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Ingår i: 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). ; , s. 2791-2796
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of coordinating a team of robots with heterogeneous sensing capabilities is studied in this paper. A control structure is proposed that combines terrain servoing for the leading robot with on-line formation planning and path following for the followers, while enabling obstacle avoidance for all the robots.
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| 42. |
- Kindstedt, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Association between marginal jawbone loss and the onset of rheumatoid arhtritis and relationship to plasma levels of RANKL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 70:4, s. 508-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether periodontitis, characterized by marginal jawbone loss, precedes the onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to analyze plasma levels of RANKL (a cytokine that is crucial for bone resorption) and anti–citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs) in presymptomatic individuals compared with matched referent controls.Methods: Marginal jawbone loss was measured on dental radiographs of the premolar/molar regions in the jaws in 176 subjects, 93 of whom subsequently developed RA. Among these participating subjects, 46 had documented radiographs predating symptom onset, and 45 cases could be matched to controls, according to sex, age, and smoking status. Plasma RANKL concentrations were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the cutoff value for RANKL positivity.Results: Bone loss was significantly greater in presymptomatic subjects classified as never smokers compared with that in controls, and increasing levels of bone loss were associated with a higher risk of the subsequent development of RA (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.05). No association between jawbone loss and RA was observed in smokers. A significantly greater extent of marginal jawbone loss was detected in RANKL‐positive presymptomatic subjects, and even more pronounced jawbone loss was observed in those who were positive for both RANKL and ACPA.Conclusion: Marginal jawbone loss preceded the clinical onset of RA symptoms, but this was observed only in nonsmokers. Moreover, marginal jawbone loss was significantly greater in RANKL‐positive presymptomatic subjects compared with RANKL‐negative presymptomatic subjects and was highest in presymptomatic subjects positive for both ACPA and RANKL.
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| 43. |
- Kindstedt, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Marginal jawbone loss is associated with onset of rheumatoid arthritis and is related to plasma level of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B-ligand (RANKL)
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether periodontitis, displayed as marginal jawbone loss, preceded onset of symptoms of RA. Furthermore, we analysed plasma levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL), a cytokine crucial for bone resorption and of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) in pre-symptomatic individuals compared with controls.METHODS: Marginal jawbone levels were measured on dental radiographs from the premolar/molar regions of the jaws of 176 subjects of whom 93 had developed RA. Of these, 47 had documented radiographs predating symptom onset and for 45 of them sex, age and smoking status referents could be matched. The plasma RANKL concentrations were analysed using ELISA. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the cut-off value.RESULTS: Compared with matched referents, bone loss was significantly higher in never-smoking, pre-symptomatic subjects and increasing levels of bone loss was associated with higher risk to develop subsequent RA (hazard ratio=1.06, 95%CI 1.01, 1.11). No association was found in smokers. In the pre- symptomatic RANKL-positive individuals a significantly higher extent of marginal jawbone loss, and those who were both RANKL- and ACPA positive displayed an even more pronounced jawbone loss.CONCLUSIONS: Marginal jawbone loss preceded clinical onset of symptoms of RA but the difference was only manifested in non-smokers. Moreover, pre- symptomatic RA-individuals, who were RANKL positive, displayed a significantly higher degree of marginal jawbone loss, particularly in ACPA positive individuals.
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| 44. |
- Kindstedt, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) and Marginal Jawbone Loss Predates the Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background/Purpose: Previous studies have shown a higher incidence of alveolar bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and that patients with periodontitis are at a greater risk for developing RA. Periodontitis, displayed as marginal jawbone loss was analysed in individuals prior to symptom onset of RA and related to plasma levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANKL), a cytokine crucial for bone resorption. Methods: A case-control study performed within the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden included 232 pre-symptomatic individuals with blood samples donated before symptom onset and 194 controls. A questionnaire on self-assed dental status and smoking status was retrieved. Dental radiographs to evaluate marginal jawbone levels were available from 93 pre-symptomatic individuals (mean age; 56.8 95%CI55.9, 57.7 years and pre-dating time; -5.3 95%CI -12.2, -0.2, 74.2% females) and 83 controls (mean age; 55.5 95%CI54.6, 56.5, 73.5% females) . Of these individuals 45 had radiograph documentations prior to development of RA symptoms and to whom sex, age and smoking status could be matched among the controls. Plasma were analysed for RANKL (BioVendor, Karasek, Czech Republic), and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) (anti-CCP2 test, Eurodiagnostics, Sweden) from similar time points. Results: Compared to matched controls, total bone loss was significantly higher in never-smokers who developed RA but not in smokers and increasing levels on total jawbone loss was associated with a significantly higher odds to be diagnosed with RA later (OR=1.06, 95%CI 1.01, 1.11). Regardless of smoking status, the number of unaffected teeth did not differ significantly between those who were subsequently diagnosed with RA and their matched controls. In the pre-symptomatic individuals RANKL positive individuals had significantly higher extent of marginal jawbone loss, which was further increased in ACPA positive individuals. Previously documented association between smoking and ageing and marginal jawbone loss was verified. Conclusion: Marginal jawbone loss preceded onset of symptoms of RA but the difference was only manifested in non-smokers. Moreover, marginal jawbone loss and plasma RANKL levels were related in the pre-symptomatic individuals particularly in ACPA positive individuals.
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| 45. |
- Larsson, Berit A M, et al.
(författare)
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One leg standing time predicts fracture risk in older women independent of clinical risk factors and BMD
- 2022
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 33, s. 185-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In women of ages 75-80 years, a low one leg standing time (OLST) was associated with an increased risk of incident fractures, independently of bone mineral density and clinical risk factors. OLST contributed substantially to fracture probability, indicating that the test should be considered when evaluating fracture risk in older women. Introduction Physical function and risk of falls are important risk factors for fracture. A few previous studies have suggested that a one leg standing time (OLST) less than 10 s predicts fracture risk, but the impact of OLST, in addition to known clinical risk factors, for fracture probability is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the independent contribution of OLST to fracture probability in older women. Methods The Sahlgrenska University Hospital Prospective Evaluation of Risk of Bone Fractures (SUPERB) is a prospective population-based study of 3028 women 75-80 years old, recruited from the greater Gothenburg area in Sweden. At baseline, information on risk factors was collected using questionnaires, bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and OLST was performed. Results During a median follow-up of 3.6 years (IQR 1.5 years), X-ray-verified incident fractures were identified using health records. OLST was available in 2405 women. OLST less than 10 s was associated with an increased risk for incident hip fracture (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.02, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.49-6.10]), major osteoporotic fracture (HR 95% CI 1.76 [1.34-1.46]), and nonvertebral fracture (HR 95% CI 1.61 [1.26-2.05]) in Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, height, and weight. Depending on BMD, the 4-year fracture probability increased by a factor of 1.3 to 1.5 in a 75-year-old woman with a low OLST (<10 s). Conclusion A low OLST has a substantial impact on fracture probability and should be considered when evaluating fracture risk in older women.
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| 46. |
- Lilliehorn, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Array transducer for ultrasonic manipulation of particles
- 2004
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Ingår i: ; , s. 69-72
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents the concept and initial work on a microfluidic platform for bead-based analysis of biological sample. The core technology in this project is ultrasonic manipulation and trapping of particle in array configurations by means of acoustic forces. The platform is ultimately aimed for parallel multistep bioassays performed on biochemically activated microbeads (or particles) using submicrolitre sample volumes. A first prototype with three individually controlled particle trapping sites has been developed and evaluated. Standing ultrasonic waves were generated across a microfluidic channel by integrated PZT ultrasonic microtransducers. Particles in a fluid passing a transducer were drawn to pressure minima in the acoustic field, thereby being trapped and confined laterally over the transducer. It is anticipated that acoustic trapping using integrated transducers can be exploited in miniaturised total chemical analysis systems (µTAS), where e.g. microbeads with immobilised antibodies can be trapped in arrays and subjected to minute amounts of sample followed by a reaction, detected using fluorescence. A first model bioassay with detection of fluorescein marked avidin binding to trapped biotin beads has been evaluated. To enable development of the next generation of 2D array trapping devices, means of microfabricating multilayer ultrasonic array transducers using thick film technology have been developed.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Marouli, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 542:7640, s. 186-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
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| 50. |
- McKay, James D., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:7, s. 1126-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although several lung cancer susceptibility loci have been identified, much of the heritability for lung cancer remains unexplained. Here 14,803 cases and 12,262 controls of European descent were genotyped on the OncoArray and combined with existing data for an aggregated genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis of lung cancer in 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls. We identified 18 susceptibility loci achieving genome-wide significance, including 10 new loci. The new loci highlight the striking heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across the histological subtypes of lung cancer, with four loci associated with lung cancer overall and six loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in 1,425 normal lung tissue samples highlights RNASET2, SECISBP2L and NRG1 as candidate genes. Other loci include genes such as a cholinergic nicotinic receptor, CHRNA2, and the telomere-related genes OFBC1 and RTEL1. Further exploration of the target genes will continue to provide new insights into the etiology of lung cancer.
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