| 1. |
- Edberg, Niklas J. T., et al.
(author)
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Spatial distribution of low-energy plasma around comet 67P/CG from Rosetta measurements
- 2015
-
In: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 42:11, s. 4263-4269
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use measurements from the Rosetta plasma consortium Langmuir probe and mutual impedance probe to study the spatial distribution of low-energy plasma in the near-nucleus coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spatial distribution is highly structured with the highest density in the summer hemisphere and above the region connecting the two main lobes of the comet, i.e., the neck region. There is a clear correlation with the neutral density and the plasma to neutral density ratio is found to be approximate to 1-210(-6), at a cometocentric distance of 10km and at 3.1AU from the Sun. A clear 6.2h modulation of the plasma is seen as the neck is exposed twice per rotation. The electron density of the collisionless plasma within 260km from the nucleus falls off with radial distance as approximate to 1/r. The spatial structure indicates that local ionization of neutral gas is the dominant source of low-energy plasma around the comet.
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| 2. |
- Elert, Niklas, 1983-
(author)
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Economic dynamism : essays on firm entry and firm growth
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The topic of this thesis is economic dynamism. The five articles contribute to the literature on firm entry and firm growth. Studies are based on a dataset covering all Swedish limited liability firms between 1997 and 2010.The first article investigates conditions for firm entry in Sweden, distinguishing regular entrants from entrants that survive for at least two years, modelling the firm entry decision using count data models. While high income and a well-educated population had a positive effect, the effect was more important for surviving entrants. The second article uses a similar method, but focuses on wholesale industries and distinguishes between regular entry and in migration of firms, i.e. when an incumbent firm relocates its operations. Access to a university, many educated workers and low local taxes had positive effects. Better access to infrastructure had a strong positive effect on entrants, but it was smaller for in-migrating firms. The third article investigates if the industry context matters for whether Gibrat’s law holds, i.e. whether firm growth is independent of firm size. The law is found more likely to be rejected in industries with a high minimum efficient scale and a large number of firms located in metropolitan areas, but more likely to hold in industries with high market concentration and more group ownership. The fourth and fifth article contribute to the high-growth firms (HGFs) literature. In the fourth article it is examined whether the way HGFs are defined matters for the policy implications. It is found that the economic contributions of HGFs differ significantly depending on definition. Young firms are however more likely to be HGFs irrespective of definition. The fifth article considers the frequent argument that policymakers should target high-tech firms, i.e., firms with high R&D intensity, because such firms are thought more likely to become HGFs. We examine this assumption by studying the industry distribution of HGFs. Results indicate that industries with high R&D intensity, ceteris paribus, can be expected to have a lower share of HGFs than can industries with lower R&D intensity. By contrast, we find that HGFs are overrepresented in service industries with a high share of human capital.
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| 3. |
- Elert, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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The evolution of owner-entrepreneurs' taxation : five tax regimes over a 160-year period
- 2023
-
In: Journal of evolutionary economics. - : Springer. - 0936-9937 .- 1432-1386. ; 33:2, s. 517-540
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The institutional literature suggests that long-term tax incentives are crucial for entrepreneurs, but studies on this topic are hampered by problems related to how to define and measure entrepreneurial income. We resolve these problems by drawing on a theoretical definition of the entrepreneur as an owner, which enables us to identify entrepreneurship empirically by means of investments made by active owners of closely held corporations. Using detailed Swedish tax data, we analyze the tax incentives for such owner-entrepreneur investments from 1862 to 2018, thereby highlighting the evolution of a general institutional phenomenon through a long-run, in-depth, country-specific analysis. We calculate the annual marginal effective tax rate (METR) on capital income for investments, distinguishing between average- and top-income entrepreneurs, and between three sources of finance. We identify five tax regimes that indicate substantial differences in institutional quality over time according to the magnitude of the METR and METR differences between average- and top-income entrepreneurs and across sources of finance. Growth-conducive tax incentives shed light on why so many successful entrepreneurial firms were founded in Sweden around 1900, whereas increased taxation helps explain the absence of new large entrepreneurial firms in Sweden after World War II. Improved incentives can be associated with Sweden's recent entrepreneurial renaissance.
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| 4. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(author)
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MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
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In: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
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| 5. |
- Hasselquist, David, et al.
(author)
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Now is the Time: Scalable and Cloud-supported Audio Conferencing using End-to-End Homomorphic Encryption
- 2023
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2023 CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY WORKSHOP, CCSW 2023. - : ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY. - 9798400702594 ; , s. 41-53
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows computations on encrypted data, leaking neither the input nor the computational output. While the method has historically been infeasible to use in practice, due to recent advancements, HE has started to be applied in real-world applications. Motivated by the possibility of outsourcing heavy computations to the cloud and still maintaining end-to-end security, in this paper, we use HE to design a basic audio conferencing application and demonstrate that our design approach (including some advanced features) is both practical and scalable. First, by homomorphically mixing encrypted audio in an untrusted, honest-but-curious server, we demonstrate the practical use of HE in audio communication. Second, by using multiplication operations, we go beyond the purely additive audio mixing and implement advanced example features capable of handling server-side mute and breakout rooms without the cloud server being able to extract sensitive user-specific metadata. Whereas the encryption and decryption times are shown to be magnitudes slower than generic AES encryption and roughly ten times slower than Signal's AES implementation, our solution approach is scalable and achieves end-to-end encryption while keeping performance well within the bounds of practical use. Third, besides studying the performance aspects, we also objectively evaluate the perceived audio quality, demonstrating that this approach also achieves excellent audio quality. Finally, our comprehensive evaluation and empirical findings provide valuable insights into the tradeoffs between HE schemes, their security configurations, and audio parameters. Combined, our results demonstrate that audio mixing using HE (including advanced features) now can be made both practical and scalable.
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| 6. |
- Hasselquist, David, et al.
(author)
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Twitch Chat Fingerprinting
- 2022
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In: Proc. IFIP Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA) 2022.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The streaming content that we choose to watch canreveal much about our thoughts, opinions, and interests. Anadversary capable of determining what users watch thereforepresents a significant privacy threat. In this paper, we presentand evaluate the first fingerprinting attack on Twitch that allowsviewers of individual live streams to be identified despite thetraffic being encrypted. The attack targets the traffic patternsassociated with chat messages associated with each stream. Ourresults show that high accuracy can be achieved by eavesdroppingonly for a short time (e.g., 90 seconds) and that the accuracy canbe increased even further by interacting with the stream. We alsotake a closer look at how the accuracy and activity level differbetween different Twitch channels and provide insights into theaccuracy that attackers using different strategies for selectingtarget channels may have. Finally, we study countermeasures toprotect against such attacks and demonstrate that the naive use ofVPN is not enough. We instead present countermeasures alteringpacket timing and sizes. Our large-scale evaluation of differentcountermeasures provides important insights that help both thestreaming providers and users better protect their privacy.
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| 7. |
- Hållén, J., et al.
(author)
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Using a dynamic mass balance model to predict fate and transport of PCBs in a polluted boreal lake in Sweden
- 2022
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - Stockholm : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 853, s. 158522-158522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2013, a screening survey including fish (European perch, Perca fluviatilis) from 20 locations in the Stockholm region of Sweden indicated exceptionally high levels of PCBs (>450 ng ΣPCB7/g ww) in Lake Oxundasjön. An extensive sampling program was launched to define the magnitude and area of impact of PCBs. Moreover, a dynamic mass balance model approach was applied to identify and quantify key transport processes and predict the long-term turnover of PCBs given various remediation scenarios.Based on the dating of sediment profiles, primary emissions of PCBs to Lake Oxundasjön have likely occurred from the end of the 1940s until 1980, reaching the lake via one of its tributaries. Presently, the main source of PCBs is diffusion from the lake sediments. From the lake outlet, >400 g ΣPCB7/yr are transported to LakeMälaren (the third largest lake in Sweden), supplying drinkingwater for parts of the Stockholm area. Remediation actions are necessary to reduce the PCB levels in fish below today's marketing limits and environmental quality standards.With natural recovery, our results indicate that the PCB levels in non-migratory fish from Lake Oxundasjön will be elevated for decades to come. The mass of PCBs stored in the lake sediments was estimated, and to our knowledge, Lake Oxundasjön is the most heavily PCB contaminated lake in Sweden. The system constitutes a unique opportunity to test and develop a mathematical mass balance model for PCBs, with substantial data acquired from different aquatic matrices. The model presented in the paper is applicable for risk assessments of PCBs, and the results contribute to the general understanding of the transport and turnover dynamics of PCBs in aquatic ecosystems.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Maurits, et al.
(author)
-
Apathy and anxiety are early markers of Alzheimer's disease
- 2020
-
In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 85, s. 74-82
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we investigated associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms (i.e., apathy, anxiety, and depression) and cerebral atrophy, white matter lesions (WML), beta-amyloid (A beta) deposition, and cognitive decline in a nondemented sample. 104 cognitively unimpaired and 53 subjects with mild cognitive impairment were followed for up to 4 years within the Swedish BioFINDER study. Neuropsychiatric assessments included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Magnetic resonance imaging and F-18-flutemetamol-positron emission tomography quantified brain atrophy, WML, and A beta deposition. Mini-Mental State Examination assessed longitudinal global cognition. Regression analyses were used to test for associations. Apathy and anxiety were shown related to A beta deposition and predicted cognitive decline. Anxiety also interacted with amyloid status to predict faster cognitive deterioration. Apathy was further related to frontotemporal and subcortical atrophy, as well as WML. To conclude, the associations between apathy and anxiety with A beta deposition and cognitive decline point to these symptoms as early clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Maurits, et al.
(author)
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Development of Apathy, Anxiety, and Depression in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults : Effects of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Cognitive Decline
- 2022
-
In: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 92:1, s. 34-43
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cognitive deficits on longitudinal neuropsychiatric symptoms is unclear, especially in early disease stages. Methods: Cognitively unimpaired older adults (N = 356) enrolled in the prospective Swedish BioFINDER study were examined. Neuropsychiatric assessments encompassed the Apathy Evaluation Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, performed biennially (together with tests of global cognition) for up to 8 years. Biomarkers were measured in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma at baseline. Magnetic resonance imaging quantified white matter lesions. We used linear mixed-effect models to test associations between baseline AD biomarkers (for amyloid-β [Aβ], tau, and neurodegeneration) and white matter lesions with longitudinal neuropsychiatric symptoms (apathy, anxiety, and depressive symptoms). We also tested associations between changes in cognition and changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms. Finally, we tested if change in cognition mediated the effects of different brain pathologies on neuropsychiatric symptoms. Results: Aβ pathology at baseline was associated with increasing levels of apathy (β = −0.284, p =.005) and anxiety (β = −0.060, p =.011) longitudinally. More rapid decline of cognition over time was related to increasing levels of apathy. The effects of baseline Aβ pathology on longitudinal apathy were partly mediated by changes in cognitive performance (proportion mediated 23%). Conclusions: Aβ pathology may drive the development of both apathy and anxiety in very early stages of AD, largely independent of cognitive change. The effect of Aβ on apathy is only partially conveyed by worse cognition. Together, these findings highlight certain neuropsychiatric symptoms as early manifestations of AD.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Maurits, et al.
(author)
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Mild behavioral impairment and its relation to tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
- 2021
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In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is suggested as risk marker for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, pathologic tau deposition in the brain has been shown closely related to clinical manifestations, such as cognitive deficits. Yet, associations between tau pathology and MBI have rarely been investigated. It is further debated if MBI precedes cognitive deficits in AD. Here, we explored potential mechanisms by which MBI is related to AD, this by studying associations between MBI and tau in preclinical AD. In all, 50 amyloid-beta -positive cognitively unimpaired subjects (part of the BioFINDER-2 study) underwent MBI-checklist (MBI-C) to assess MBI, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) delayed word recall (ADAS-DR) to assess episodic memory. Early tau pathology was determined using tau-PET ([F-18]RO948 retention in entorhinal cortex/hippocampus) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) P-tau(181). Regression models were used to test for associations. We found that higher tau-PET signal in the entorhinal cortex/hippocampus and CSF P-tau(181) levels were associated with higher MBI-C scores (beta =0.010, SE=0.003, p=0.003 and beta =1.263, SE=0.446, p=0.007, respectively). When MBI-C and ADAS-DR were entered together in the regression models, tau-PET (beta =0.009, p=0.009) and CSF P-tau(181) (beta =0.408, p=0.006) were predicted by MBI-C, but not ADAS-DR. We conclude that in preclinical AD, MBI is associated with tau independently from memory deficits. This denotes MBI as an important early clinical manifestation related to tau pathology in AD.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Niklas, 1987-
(author)
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On the Power of Quantum Computation: Oracles
- 2018
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Quantum computation solve some computational problems faster than the best-known alternative in classical computation. The evidence for this consists of examples where a quantum algorithm outperforms the best-known classical algorithm. A large body of these examples relies on oracle query complexity, where the performance (complexity) of the algorithms is measured by the number of times they need to access an oracle. Here, an oracle is usually considered to be a black box that computes a specific function at unit cost.However, the quantum algorithm is given access to an oracle with more structure than the classical algorithm. This thesis argues that the two oracles are so vastly different that comparing quantum and classical query complexity should not be considered evidence, but merely hints for a quantum advantage.The approach used is based on a model that can be seen as an approximation of quantum theory, but can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. This model solves several oracular problems with the same performance as their quantum counterparts, showing that there is no genuine quantum advantage for these problems. This approach also clarifies the assumptions made in quantum computation, and which properties that can be seen as resources in these algorithms.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic Performance in a Homogeneous Mono-Center Population
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 24:3, s. 537-546
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-beta (A beta)(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau have good diagnostic accuracy for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in multi-center studies, the predictive values of the CSF biomarkers have been lower, possibly due to differences in procedures for lumbar puncture and CSF handling and storage, and to differences in patient populations, clinical evaluations, and diagnostic procedures. Here we investigate the diagnostic accuracy of CSF biomarkers in a well defined homogeneous mono-center population. We also evaluate an extended panel of amyloid related biomarkers. Sixty consecutive patients admitted for cognitive impairment to a memory clinic were recruited. The participants included patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD upon follow-up (n = 32), patients with stable MCI (n = 13), patients with other dementias diagnosed at primary evaluation or upon follow-up (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 20). CSF was analyzed for A beta(1-42), T-tau, P-tau, A beta(X-38), A beta(X-40), A beta(X-42), sA beta PP alpha, and sA beta PP beta. In multivariate analysis, the core biomarkers A beta(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau demonstrated a high ability to diagnose AD versus the combined groups of controls and stable MCI, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.00, p < 0.0001). The additional biomarkers only marginally increased AUROC to 0.98 (95% CI 0.95-1.00, p < 0.0001), this increase mainly mediated by A beta(X-42). In conclusion, CSF biomarkers A beta(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau have very high diagnostic accuracy in a well defined cohort of untreated patients, demonstrating the excellent potency of CSF biomarkers to identify pathological processes in AD when a stringent analytical protocol is used.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Convergence of chromogranin and amyloid metabolism in the brain.
- 2010
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In: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279 .- 1552-5260. ; 6:4, s. 511-511
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Much is unknown regarding the regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in the human central nervous system. It has been hypothesized that amyloidogenic APP-processing preferentially occurs in the regulated secretory pathway of neurons. To test this hypothesis we looked for correlations of APP-derived molecules in CSF with chromogranin (Cg) derived peptides, representing the regulated secretion. Methods: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, N = 32), multiple sclerosis (MS, N = 50) and healthy controls (N = 70) were enrolled. CSF was analyzed for the amyloid peptides Aβ1-42, Aβx-42, Aβx-40, Aβx-38, α-cleaved soluble APP (α-sAPP), β-cleaved soluble APP (β-sAPP), and peptides derived from CgB and SgII (Secretogranin-II, CgC). We investigated CSF levels of the protease BACE1, which processes APP into Aβ, in relation to Cg-levels. Finally, we measured Cg levels in cell media from untreated and BACE1-inhibited SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Results: CSF Cg levels correlated to sAPP and Aβ peptides in AD, MS and controls, and to CSF BACE1. Cell medium from BACE1-inhibited cells had decreased CgB levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that a large part of APP in the human central nervous system is processed in the regulated secretory pathway of neurons.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Per, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Mild dementia is associated with increased adrenal secretion of cortisol and precursor sex steroids in women.
- 2011
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In: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 75:3, s. 301-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context Sex steroid levels decrease with increasing age, but little is known whether this is of importance for the age-related decline in cognitive function. Design and patients A cross-sectional study of 50 (26 men) consecutive patients under primary evaluation of cognitive impairment (D group) and 18 (9 men) matched healthy controls (C group). Measurements Sex steroid and precursor levels were determined in serum and, when measurable, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and cortisol concentrations were measured using conventional assays. Results Patients in the D group had higher 24-h urine cortisol levels and increased serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate ester dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), androsterone (ADT), and oestrone (E1) and its sulphate ester E1S, compared with the controls. When men and women were analysed separately, increased serum concentrations of E1 and E1S were observed in both D men and D women, whereas increased levels of other sex steroids and cortisol were seen only in D women. Conclusions In both D men and women, serum E1 and E1S levels were increased, whereas other changes were gender specific and only seen in D women. Further studies are needed to determine whether these changes are a cause of, or merely a consequence of, cognitive impairment in elderly subjects.
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Reduced cerebrospinal fluid level of thyroxine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2013
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 38:7, s. 1058-1066
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Little is known of the association between thyroid hormones in the central nervous system and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We determined thyroid hormone levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a well-defined homogeneous mono-center population. Methods: Fifty-nine consecutive patients under primary evaluation for cognitive impairment were recruited. The participants included patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD upon follow-up (n = 31), patients with stable MCI (SMCI, n = 13), patients with other dementias (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 19). Thyroid hormones in serum and CSF and AD biomarkers in CSF were analyzed using established immunochemical assays. Cognitive impairment was estimated using mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Results: Serum levels of free and total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were similar in all groups whereas a marginal increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was observed in the AD patients. The CSF level of total T4 was decreased in patients with AD and other dementias compared to SMCI (both P = 0.01) and healthy controls (both P = 0.001), whereas CSF levels of TSH and total T3 were unchanged. In the total study population, CSF total 14 level correlated positively with MMSE score (r = 0.26, P < 0.05) and negatively with CSF total-tau (T-Tau) level (r = -0.23, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with AD as well as other dementias had signs of mild brain hypothyroidism, which could only to a small extent be detected in serum values. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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Bokslutet från början
- 2008
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bokslutet från början är en kombinerad fakta- och övningsbok som är en direkt fortsättning på grundboken i bokföring, Bokföring från början. I denna bok fördjupas kunskaperna. Steg för steg behandlas de olika områden man måste behärska för att kunna upprätta ett fullständigt bokslut med årsredovisning i enlighet med årsredovisningslagens krav.
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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Bokslutet från början
- 2013
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Bokslutet från början är en kombinerad fakta- och övningsbok. Steg för steg behandlas de olika områden man måste behärska för att kunna upprätta ett fullständigt bokslut med årsredovisning i enlighet med årsredovisningslagens krav.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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Bokslutet från början
- 2011
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Bokslutet från början är en kombinerad fakta- och övningsbok som är en direkt fortsättning på grundboken i bokföring, Bokföring från början. I denna bok fördjupas kunskaperna. Steg för steg behandlas de olika områden man måste behärska för att kunna upprätta ett fullständigt bokslut med årsredovisning i enlighet med årsredovisningslagens krav. För varje moment finns ett stort antal övningar.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(author)
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Bokslutet från början: Fakta och övningsbok
- 2020. - 12
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Book (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Bokslutet från början är en kombinerad fakta- och övningsbok som är en direkt fortsättning på grundboken i bokföring, Bokföring från början. I denna bok fördjupas kunskaperna. Steg för steg behandlas de olika områden man måste behärska för att kunna upprätta ett fullständigt bokslut med årsredovisning i enlighet med årsredovisningslagens krav. För varje moment finns ett stort antal övningar.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Microglial Markers in Alzheimer's Disease: Elevated Chitotriosidase Activity but Lack of Diagnostic Utility
- 2011
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In: NeuroMolecular Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1535-1084 .- 1559-1174. ; 13:2, s. 151-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Activated microglial cells, which are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, surround amyloid beta-plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Inflammation including microglial activation may contribute in AD pathogenesis, and biomarkers for this process may thus be of value to study AD pathogenesis and might facilitate development of therapies targeting these cells. We therefore examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in patients with AD, other dementias, mild cognitive impairment and in healthy controls. Samples were analyzed for markers with known association to macrophage activity, including chitotriosidase, YKL-40 (CHI3L1, HC gp-39) and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2, MCP1). Patients with AD had higher chitotriosidase activity than controls and patients with stable mild cognitive impairment, consistent with the presence of activated microglial cells in AD brains, but with large overlaps between groups. CCL2 and YKL-40 concentrations did not differ among groups. Microglial markers are unlikely to be useful for AD diagnosis, but might be useful for identification of distinct subgroups of patients, and for the development and implementation of drugs targeting microglial pathology.
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| 33. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Converging Pathways of Chromogranin and Amyloid Metabolism in the Brain
- 2010
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In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 20:4, s. 1039-1048
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Much is unknown regarding the regulation of Alzheimer-related amyloid-beta protein precursor (A beta PP)-processing in the human central nervous system. It has been hypothesized that amyloidogenic A beta PP-processing preferentially occurs in the regulated secretory pathway of neurons. To test this hypothesis we looked for correlations of A beta PP-derived molecules in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with chromogranin (Cg) derived peptides, representing the regulated secretion. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, N = 32), multiple sclerosis (MS, N = 50), and healthy controls (N = 70) were enrolled. CSF was analyzed for the amyloid peptides A beta(1-42), A beta(x-42), A beta(x-40), A beta(x-38), alpha-cleaved soluble A beta PP (sA beta PP alpha), beta-cleaved soluble A beta PP (sA beta PP beta), and peptides derived from CgB and SgII (Secretogranin-II, CgC). We investigated CSF levels of the protease BACE1, which processes A beta PP into A beta, in relation to Cg-levels. Finally, we measured Cg levels in cell media from untreated and BACE1-inhibited SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. CSF Cg levels correlated to sA beta PP and A beta peptides in AD, MS, and controls, and to CSF BACE1. Cell medium from BACE1-inhibited cells had decreased CgB levels. These results suggest that a large part of A beta PP in the human central nervous system is processed in the regulated secretory pathway of neurons.
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| 34. |
- Movérare-Skrtic, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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Leukocyte Telomere Length (LTL) is reduced in stable mild cognitive impairment but low LTL is not associated with conversion to Alzheimer's Disease: A pilot study
- 2012
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In: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6815 .- 0531-5565. ; 47:2, s. 179-182
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and may be related to cognitive aging. Previous studies have shown conflicting results whether LTL is affected in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this pilot study, we investigated LTL in a well-defined homogeneous mono-center population. Sixty consecutive patients admitted for cognitive impairment to a memory clinic were recruited. The participants included patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD upon follow-up (n=32), patients with stable MCI (n=13), patients with other dementias diagnosed at primary evaluation or upon follow-up (n=15), and healthy controls (n=20). LTL was determined using a quantitative PCR assay. Patients with AD had similar LTL as healthy controls. Patients with stable MCI had reduced LTL both compared to AD patients (p=0.02) and controls (p=0.008). Subanalyses within the AD group showed that patients with MCI that later converted to AD had similar LTL as patients with clinical diagnosis of AD at primary evaluation and healthy controls whereas the LTL was longer compared to the stable MCI group (p=0.02). There were no correlations between LTL and the core AD biomarkers A beta(1-42), T-tau and P-tau. In conclusion, in this pilot study, patients with AD or MCI that later converted to AD had similar LTL as healthy controls. Patients with stable MCI that did not progress to dementia had reduced LTL compared to controls, which might suggest a more marked biological aging as a cause of the cognitive symptoms in this group. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Norrby, Niklas
(author)
-
High pressure and high temperature behavior of TiAlN
- 2012
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This licentiate thesis mainly reports about the behavior of arc evaporated TiAlN at high pressures and high temperatures. The extreme conditions have been obtained in metal cutting, multi anvil presses or diamond anvil cells. Several characterization techniques have been used, including x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.Results obtained during metal cutting show that the coatings are subjected to a peak normal stress in the GPa region and temperatures around 900 °C. The samples after metal cutting are shown to have a stronger tendency towards the favorable spinodal decomposition compared to heat treatments at comparable temperatures. We have also shown an increased anisotropy of the spinodally decomposed domains which scales with Al composition and results in different microstructure evolutions. Furthermore, multi anvil press and diamond anvil cell at even higher pressures and temperatures (up to 23 GPa and 2200 °C) also show that the unwanted transformation of cubic AlN into hexagonal AlN is suppressed with an increased pressure and/or temperature.
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| 36. |
- Oddy, Carolyn, 1994, et al.
(author)
-
Composite design for a foiling Optimist dinghy
- 2018
-
In: Proceedings. - Basel Switzerland : MDPI. ; 2:6
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In April 2017, a foiling Optimist dingy designed entirely by students, was successfully tested under standard sailing conditions in the waters outside Gothenburg. In order to achieve take of wind speeds as low as 6 m/s, a stiff and lightweight design of the dinghy and its foiling components was necessary. There have been few successful attempts to make an Optimist foil in a stable manner, as such there were no standards or recommendations available for the design. Therefore, a simulation driven structural design methodology for hydrofoils, centreboards, centreboard-to-hull connections, and necessary hull reinforcements using sandwich structures was adopted. The proposed design was then manufactured, allowing for a significantly stiffer hull and a 20% decrease in weight over a conventional Optimist. Excluding the rig and sail, the final weight came to 27 kg.
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| 37. |
- Petersson McIntyre, Magdalena, 1968, et al.
(author)
-
Hur konsumtionen digitaliseras : Texter från forskningsprojektet Digcon - Digitaliseringen av konsumtionskulturen
- 2019
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Digital teknik håller radikalt på att förändra vår konsumtionskultur. Appar, QR-koder och ständigt mer avancerade mobiltelefoner, samt de digitala spår användningen av dem lämnar efter sig skapar nya konsumtionsbeteenden, nya metoder för marknadsföring och försäljning av produkter, men också nya metoder för forskare att studera konsumtionsmönster. De omformar även vilka vi är som konsumenter. Att forska om den här omvandlingen innebär att undersöka tekniken i sig, de som tillverkar den, de som marknadsför den liksom de som använder den. I forskningsprojektet Digcon – Digitaliseringen av konsumtionskulturen, har forskare från Sverige och Frankrike undersökt olika aspekter av digitalisering och konsumtion. Vilka betydelser har digitala verktyg och apparater i människors vardagsliv och hur förändrar de konsumtionsmönster? Hur påverkar digitaliseringen vad det innebär att vara konsument och hur en konsument uppfattas vara. Hur omformas förståelser av kön, till exempel genom uppkomsten av modebloggar och modeappar? Vilka möjligheter till etisk konsumtion skapas genom digital teknik och vilken etik är det som skapas? I den här rapporten har vi samlat populärvetenskapliga texter från forskningsprojektet. Digcon bedrivs vid Centrum för konsumtionsvetenskap och Centre for retailing, Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs universitet, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm och Université Tolouse II, Frankrike.
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| 38. |
- Rosén, Christoffer, 1986, et al.
(author)
-
Discriminatory analysis of biochip-derived protein patterns in CSF and plasma in neurodegenerative diseases
- 2011
-
In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases has been emphasized by recent research. Future clinical demands for identifying diseases at an early stage may render them essential. The aim of this pilot study was to test the analytical performance of two multiplex assays of cerebral markers on a well-defined clinical material consisting of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. We measured 10 analytes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 60 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, or mild cognitive impairment, as well as 20 cognitively healthy controls. We used the Randox biochip-based Evidence Investigator™ system to measure the analytes. We found it possible to measure most analytes in both plasma and CSF, and there were some interesting differences between the diagnostic groups, although with large overlaps. CSF heart-type fatty acid-binding protein was increased in AD. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in CSF and D-dimer in plasma were elevated in patients with cerebrovascular disease. A multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the pattern of analytes could help to differentiate the conditions, although more studies are required to verify this.
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| 39. |
- Stern, Natalia, et al.
(author)
-
Subchronic toxicity of Baltic herring oil and its fractions in the rat II : Clinical observations and toxicological parameters.
- 2002
-
In: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0901-9928 .- 1600-0773. ; 91:5, s. 232-244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to increase the knowledge about the toxicity of fish-derived organohalogen pollutants in mammals. The strategy chosen was to separate organohalogen pollutants derived from Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) fillet, in order to obtain fractions with differing proportions of identified and unidentified halogenated pollutants, and to perform a subchronic toxicity study in rats, essentially according to the OECD guidelines, at three dose levels. Nordic Sea lodda (Mallotus villosus) oil, with low levels of persistent organohalogen pollutants, was used as an additional control diet. The toxicological examination showed that exposure to Baltic herring oil and its fractions at dose levels corresponding to a human intake in the range of 1.6 to 34.4 kg Baltic herring per week resulted in minimal effects. The spectrum of effects was similar to that, which is observed after low-level exposure to pollutants such as chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDD/F) and chlorinated biphenyls, despite the fact that these contaminants contribute to a minor part of the extractable organically bound chlorine (EOCl). The study confirmed previous findings that induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin deethylase (EROD) activity takes place at daily intake levels 0.15 ng fish-derived CDD/F-TEQs/kg body weight. The study also demonstrated that hepatic vitamin A reduction takes place at somewhat higher daily exposure levels, i.e. 0.16–0.30 ng fish-derived CDD/F-TEQs/kg body weight. Halogenated fatty acids, the major component of EOCl, could not be linked to any of the measured effects. From a risk management point of view, the study provides important new information of effect levels for Ah-receptor mediated responses following low level exposure to organohalogen compounds from a matrix relevant for human exposure.
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| 40. |
- Törneman, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Litteraturstudie om kemiska ämnen och nanopartiklar i produkter inför screening 2007
- 2006
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- SWECO VIAK har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket genomfört en litteraturstudie av ett 80 tal ämnen som kan bli aktuella för screening inom den nationella miljöövervakningen. Dessutom har en litteraturstudie om nanopartiklar genomförts.Litteraturstudierna omfattade fysiokemisk information, begränsningar och förbud som berör ämnena, toxikologiska och ekotoxikologiska data, hantering och emissioner av ämnena, spridning och omvandling i naturen, förekomst i miljö och människa, en PBT bedömning (dvs. en bedömning av ämnenas motstånd mot nedbrytning, ämnenas bioackumulationspotential och ämnenas toxicitet), en bedömning av möjliga matriser där ämnena kan återfinnas samt möjliga metoder för analys av ämnena.För att förbättra överskådligheten presenteras detaljerad information om de olika ämnena i ämnesrapporter som bifogas huvudrapporten. I själva rapporten redovisas varje ämnesgrupp i översiktliga tabeller där en del av informationen om varje ämne återfinns.En rad olika informationskällor har använts. Dessa innefattar olika ämnesdatabaser, rapporter från statliga och överstatliga organ, vetenskapliga databaser där nyare information återfinns och olika tillverkares/importörers/exportörers information om de olika ämnena.De studerade ämnesgrupperna är, med en kortfattad beskrivning:Aminer är en grupp alifatiska eller aromatiska ämnen där minst en amingrupp ingår. Alla ämnen i gruppen är faroklassificerade och tillgången på toxikologiska och ekotoxikologisk data är förhållandevis god. Ämnena inom gruppen används bl.a. som smörjmedelstillsatser och tre ämnen i gruppen är högvolymsprodukter. Några av ämnena bedöms vara något intressanta för screening pga. de påträffats i miljön och kan ha negativa hälso- och miljöeffekter.Biocider är en liten grupp ämnen som bl.a. används i färger. Alla ämnena i gruppen är faroklassificerade som mycket giftiga för vattenlevande organismer och tillgången på toxikologiska och ekotoxikologisk data är förhållandevis god. Ett av ämnena i gruppen bedöms vara något intressant för screening pga. de förhållandevis låga ekotoxikologiska effekthalterna och den icke försumbara mängden som registreras.Estrar innefattar både estrar med enkla och polyaromatiska substituenter och alifatiska estrar. Två ämnen i gruppen är faroklassificerade som mycket giftiga för vattenlevande organismer och tillgången på ekotoxikologiska data är förhållandevis god. Ämnena ingår i olika industriella kemikalieprodukter och de flesta är högvolymskemikalier i EU. Två av ämnena i gruppen bedöms vara något intressanta för screening pga. de förhållandevis låga ekotoxikologiska effekthalterna och den icke försumbara mängden som registreras.Heterocykliska ämnen innefattar fyra ämnen vars enda strukturella likhet är att de innehåller minst en aromatisk ring. Flera ämnen i gruppen är faroklassificerade som mycket giftiga för vattenlevande organismer och tillgången på ekotoxikologisk data är begränsad. Ämnena ingår i olika industriella kemikalieprodukter och inga är högvolymskemikalier i EU. Ämnena i gruppen bedöms vara mindre intressanta för screening. Framförallt för att förhållandevis små mängder registreras årligen.Organiska fosfater och svavelföreningar innefattar tre ämnen utan strukturella likheter. Alla tre ämnen är högvolymsprodukter i EU och används som tillsatsämnen i kemikalie/plast -industrin. Ett av ämnena i gruppen är något intressant för screening eftersom registreringen ökar samtidigt som ämnet är misstänkt cancerframkallande. Dock är registreringen av detta ämne i Sverige förhållandevis låg (20 ton/år).Organiska halogener innefattar åtta ämnen. Samtliga är faroklassificerade som mycket giftiga för vattenlevande organismer och tillgången på ekotoxikologiska data är god. Fyra ämnen är dessutom misstänkt cancerogena. De flesta ämnen i gruppen är bekämpningsmedel och fyra ämnen är högvolymsprodukter. Flera ämnena i gruppen bedöms vara intressanta för screening pga. mycket hög giftighet gentemot vattenlevande organismer. Extra intressant i denna grupp är cypermetrin vars användning förväntas öka för att skydda timmerupplag mot skadedjurangrepp.Organiska jonföreningar innefattar sexton anjoniska ämnen som alla innehåller minst en bensenring. Flera av ämnena är alkylbensensulfonater och några av dessa har linjära alkylgrupper vilket innebär att de är s.k. linjära alkylbensensulfonater (LAS). Inga av ämnena i gruppen är faroklassificerade. Ämnen förekommer främst i olika rengörings- och ytbehandlingsprodukter och elva ämnen i gruppen är högvolymsprodukter i EU. Tillgången på ekotoxikologiska data är varierande men flera av ämnena tycks vara relativt giftiga för vattenlevande organismer. Flera ämnen i denna grupp bedöms vara intressanta för screening främst för att stora mängder registreras årligen samtidigt som den huvudsakliga användningen är i sådana produkter där en spridning till omgivningen via t.ex. reningsverk är möjlig.Pigmentämnen innefattar 10 gula, 3 orange, 13 röda, 3 lila, 1 blå och 2 gröna pigmentämnen. Hela gruppen är mycket heterogen vad gäller molekylstruktur, egenskaper, farlighet förr människa och miljö samt registrerade mängder. I denna studie är detta den grupp av ämnen som det finns minst information om i förhållande till den mängd som registreras. Trots bristen på information bör inte denna grupp uteslutas från screening. Däremot kan det viktigaste kriteriet för urval av pigmentämnen till screening tänkas vara den registrerade mängden. Ur detta hänseende framstår det enda blå pigmentämnet som en lämplig kandidat med en registrerad mängd av 1250 ton år 2004 samtidigt som det finns förhållandevis mycket information om detta ämne.Betongtillsatser innefattar 7 ämnen vars enda gemensamma nämnare är att de alla används som tillsatsämnen vid betongtillblandning. Flertalet av dessa ämnen är faroklassificeradeoch alla ämnen är högvolymsprodukter inom EU samtidigt som mycket stora mängder registreras i Sverige årligen (100 – 12000 ton). Tillgången på ekotoxikologisk data är varierande men flera av ämnena tycks vara relativt giftiga för vattenlevande organismer. Flera ämnen i denna grupp bedöms vara intressanta för screening främst för att mycket stora mängder registreras årligen samtidigt som deras miljöfarlighet inte är obetydlig.Nanopartiklar är inte en ämnesgrupp i egentlig mening. Istället är detta en materialkategori som kännetecknas av rymdstrukturer på en skala < 100 nm. I denna rapport behandlas främst nanopartiklar vilket innefattar både linjära och partikulära nanomaterial men inte nanoytor (ytbeläggningar). Nanopartiklar kemiska sammansättning varierar mellan helt oorganiska nanopartiklar, kolnanopartiklar och nanokompositer. Pga. av sin storlek kan nanopartiklar passera en rad biologiska barriärer inklusive cellmembran och blod-hjärn barriären. Nanopartiklars speciella egenskaperna (t.ex. hög reaktivitet) beror bl.a. på den extremt stora ytan i förhållande till volymen vilket innebär att en stor andel av alla atomer befinner sig på ytan av strukturer, där de har en större möjlighet till att interagera med andra abiotiska eller biologiska material. Nanopartiklar har i laboratorieförsök visat sig kunna ha negativa hälsoeffekter. Trots detta finns det endast begränsad kunskap om i vilken grad som exponering för nanopartiklar leder till faktiska hälsoeffekter. Det går inte i nuläget att kvantifiera varken import, export eller mängden nanopartiklar som används i Sverige. Orsakerna är att det i nuläget inte finns några krav på att material eller produkter som innehåller nanopartiklar skall rapporteras till någon myndighet, varken i Sverige eller på EU-nivå. Dessutom finns det en mycket lång rad användningsområden för nanopartiklar, vilket gör att det kan vara besvärligt att sammanställa statistik som på ett tillförlitligt sätt kvantifierar användning, export och import. Det faktum att mycket stora mängder nanopartiklar (framförallt kolpulverbaserade nanopartiklar) använts i en lång rad år före begreppet nanopartiklar uppmärksammades, försvårar statistiksammanställningen ytterligare.
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| 41. |
- Abghari, Shahrooz, et al.
(author)
-
Higher order mining for monitoring district heating substations
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, DSAA 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728144931 ; , s. 382-391
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a higher order mining (HOM) approach for modelling, monitoring and analyzing district heating (DH) substations' operational behaviour and performance. HOM is concerned with mining over patterns rather than primary or raw data. The proposed approach uses a combination of different data analysis techniques such as sequential pattern mining, clustering analysis, consensus clustering and minimum spanning tree (MST). Initially, a substation's operational behaviour is modeled by extracting weekly patterns and performing clustering analysis. The substation's performance is monitored by assessing its modeled behaviour for every two consecutive weeks. In case some significant difference is observed, further analysis is performed by integrating the built models into a consensus clustering and applying an MST for identifying deviating behaviours. The results of the study show that our method is robust for detecting deviating and sub-optimal behaviours of DH substations. In addition, the proposed method can facilitate domain experts in the interpretation and understanding of the substations' behaviour and performance by providing different data analysis and visualization techniques.
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| 42. |
- Abghari, Shahrooz, et al.
(author)
-
Trend analysis to automatically identify heat program changes
- 2017
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 407-415
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to improve the monitoring and controlling of heating systems located at customer buildings through the use of a decision support system. To achieve this, the proposed system applies a two-step classifier to detect manual changes of the temperature of the heating system. We apply data from the Swedish company NODA, active in energy optimization and services for energy efficiency, to train and test the suggested system. The decision support system is evaluated through an experiment and the results are validated by experts at NODA. The results show that the decision support system can detect changes within three days after their occurrence and only by considering daily average measurements.
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| 43. |
- Ahrné, Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Tillstånd och trender för arter och deras livsmiljöer – rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- 2015 års upplaga av den svenska rödlistan är den fjärde i ordningen. Den är baserad på IUCN:s rödlistningskriterier och revideras vart femte år. I rödlistan bedöms risken som enskilda arter av djur, växter och svampar löper att försvinna från Sverige. Bedömningen utförs av ArtDatabankens medarbetare i samverkan med över 100 externa experter, indelade i 14 expertkommittéer för olika organismgrupper. Under arbetet med 2015 års rödlista har tillstånd och trender bedömts för 21 600 arter och 1 318 lägre taxa (apomiktiska arter, underarter och varieteter), sammanlagt ca 22 900 taxa. Av de bedömda arterna klassificerades 2 029 som hotade (kategorierna CR, EN och VU) och 4 273 som rödlistade (inkluderar även kategorierna NT, RE och DD). Förhållandet mellan antalet rödlistade och antalet bedömda arter ar 19,8 %, vilket är ungefär samma värde som 2010 och 2005. I denna rapport jämförs antalet och andelen rödlistade arter mellan olika organismgrupper, biotoper, substrat och påverkansfaktorer. Texten ar indelad i en allmän del och åtta kapitel inriktade på olika landskapstyper. Landskapstyperna utgör en grov indelning av landets miljöer enligt följande kategorier: Skog, Jordbrukslandskap, Urbana miljöer, Fjäll, Våtmarker, Sötvatten, Havsstränder och Havsmiljöer. Skogen och jordbrukslandskapet är de artrikaste landskapstyperna med 1 800 respektive 1 400 arter som har en stark anknytning dit, och ytterligare flera hundra arter som förekommer där mer sporadiskt. De faktorer som påverkar flest rödlistade arter i Sverige är skogsavverkning och igenväxning, som båda utgör ett hot mot vardera ca 30 % av de rödlistade arterna. Avverkning minskar arealen av skog där naturliga strukturer och naturlig dynamik upprätthålls, och den orsakar därmed förlust av livsmiljöer. Igenväxning orsakas av ett antal faktorer, bland annat upphörande hävd (bete och slåtter), gödsling, trädplantering och brist på naturliga störningsregimer som t.ex. regelbundna översvämningar kring vattendrag och sjöar. Andra viktiga påverkansfaktorer är fiske, torrläggning av våtmarker, tillbakagång hos värdarter (främst alm och ask som drabbats av invasiva svampsjukdomar), klimatförändringar och konkurrens från invasiva arter. IUCN:s rödlisteindex beräknas för ett urval av de bedömda organismgrupperna. Rödlisteindex visar att skillnaderna mellan rödlistorna från 2000, 2005, 2010 och 2015 är små. Ett par undantag finns dock. Groddjur och stora däggdjur har fått en något förbättrad situation sedan 2000. Totalt förefaller det ändå som att trycket mot Sveriges artstock har förblivit relativt konstant under de senaste 15 åren.
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| 44. |
- Akram Hassan, Kahin, 1990-, et al.
(author)
-
On the Performance of Stereoscopic Versus Monoscopic 3D Parallel Coordinates
- 2016
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work presents the results from an evaluation of stereoscopic versus monoscopic 3D parallel coordinates. The objective of the evaluation was to investigate if stereopsis increases user performance. The results show that stereoscopy has no effect at all on user performance compared to monoscopy. This result is important when it comes to the potential use of stereopsis within the information visualization community.
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| 45. |
- Al-Minawi, Ali Z., et al.
(author)
-
The ERCC1/XPF endonuclease is required for completion of homologous recombination at DNA replication forks stalled by inter-strand cross-links
- 2009
-
In: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 37:19, s. 6400-6413
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Both the ERCC1-XPF complex and the proteins involved in homoIogous recombination (HR) have critical roles in inter-strand cross-link (ICL) repair. Here, we report that mitomycin C-induced lesions inhibit replication fork elongation. Furthermore, mitomycin C-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the result of the collapse of ICL-stalled replication forks. These are not formed through replication run off, as we show that mitomycin C or cisplatin-induced DNA lesions are not incised by global genome nucleotide excision repair (GGR). We also suggest that ICL-lesion repair is initiated either by replication or transcription, as the GGR does not incise ICL-lesions. Furthermore, we report that RAD51 foci are induced by cisplatin or mitomycin C independently of ERCC1, but that mitomycin C-induced HR measured in a reporter construct is impaired in ERCC1-defective cells. These data suggest that ERCC1-XPF plays a role in completion of HR in ICL repair. We also find no additional sensitivity to cisplatin by siRNA co-depletion of XRCC3 and ERCC1, showing that the two proteins act on the same pathway to promote survival.
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| 46. |
- Aldin, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Business development with electronic commerce : refinement and repositioning
- 2004
-
In: Business Process Management Journal. - : Emerald. - 1463-7154 .- 1758-4116. ; 10:1, s. 44-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electronic commerce enables business development for marketing channel intermediaries and strengthens their existing operations and strategic management. This research shows that electronic commerce provides stepwise business development refinement and repositioning in the form of process change and increased customer service. Based on marketing and logistics literature, a business development model with three developmental phases is proposed in this paper. The findings are based on the electronic commerce development of three intermediaries providing industrial products and services in the northern European market. Refinement is achieved through a focus on activities for internal efficiency, and through changing processes for increased integration, shorter time and lower costs. Repositioning involves extended focus on service improvements, image and customer tailored services. It is found that electronic commerce has not radically reshaped and developed the role of marketing channel intermediaries. Instead, it has strengthened existing business. Future electronic commerce efforts need to be viewed in a business wide development context, including structural change and reaching new segments or markets, to utilise fully the development potential of electronic commerce.
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| 47. |
|
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| 48. |
- Altermark, Niklas, et al.
(author)
-
Personalisation at the top of civil societies? Legitimation claims on civil society elites in Europe
- 2023
-
In: British Journal of Politics and International Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 1369-1481 .- 1467-856X. ; 25:4, s. 758-788
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Top civil society organisations (CSOs) face a particular legitimacy dilemma as they need to have leaders who are seen as legitimate by the elite groups they interact with, and by those they represent. This article investigates how they handle this dilemma by studying legitimation practices of newly appointed leaders. Based on Weber’s theory of authority and Pitkin’s theory of representation, the article investigates 114 public announcements of governance leaders in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the EU. The article finds a common model of civil society elite legitimation beyond national differences. The observed model draws on two types of claims: promoting leaders as excellent and astounding professional leaders (charismatic authority) and as able spokespersons (substantive representation). Major European CSOs hence legitimate their leaders as being ‘on par with’ other top leaders, as an elite among other elite groups, similar to trends of personalisation in politics and business.
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| 49. |
- Andersen, Paul Krüger, et al.
(author)
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Response to the Proposal for a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence by Nordic and Baltic Company Law Scholars
- 2022
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- On February 23, 2022, The EU Commission published its Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 (“CSDDD” or “the Proposal”). The purpose of the Proposal, to further the “Union’s transition to a climate-neutral and green economy in line with the European Green Deal and in delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals”, is of great importance, and the Commission’s initiative is therefore commendable. However, it is our firm opinion that the Proposal should not be enacted in its present form, and that if it were to be, it would not only damage European businesses but also run the risk of having an adverse effect on both the transition to a climate-neutral economy as well as the goal of delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This is to a large extent because many of the Proposal’s provisions are excessive, unfounded and disproportionate and as such in violation of the fundamental principles of subsidiarity and proportionality safeguarded by Art. 5 TEU as well as having a questionable basis in Art. 50 TFEU. Furthermore and in regard of procedure, we find that the presentation of the Proposal by the Commission represents a disregard for the principles of better regulation that should not pass unnoticed and must be observed in the future to maintain trust in the legislative process of the Union.In this response to the consultation, we have presented an analysis of the key issues of the Proposal from a corporate governance perspective. We have divided the response into two parts: one on the pure corporate governance parts of the Proposal (article 15, 25 and 26) and one of the due diligence parts of the Proposal. With regards to the corporate governance parts of the Proposal, our conclusion is that they, by and large, should not be included in the proposed directive at all. Including them would in several ways be in breach of the EU principles on subsidiarity and proportionality, but perhaps more importantly, they are not only unsubstantiated by available empirical evidence on corporate behaviour, but also refuted by what we know. There is also good reason to believe that the proposed rules on director’s duties and environmental remuneration would risk decreasing the effectiveness of the stock markets within the EU contrary to the goal of a Capital Market Union, which also risk slowing down the necessary transition to a green economy and the goals of the EU Green Deal. The regulation necessary for the Capital Market Union and the EU Green Deal should complement each other, not collide as would be the outcome if the Proposal is adopted in its present form.With regards to the due diligence parts of the Proposal, our criticism is limited to corporate governance aspects and far less fundamental. We primarily believe that grounds for harmonisation needs further consideration in the present very challenging times, that Article 22 on Civil Liability might in several ways be counter-productive to the goals of the Proposal, that the effects on SMEs as well as for the financial companies included covered by the Proposal warrants further analysis, that the choice to focus the Proposal on individual companies instead of company groups needs to be reviewed, and that a risk based approach should be taken rather than an approach were companies are unable to focus their efforts to where they can be most effective. Overall, these issues can be worked out, but if they are not, then the proposed directive would not only have a severe adverse impact on EU companies and possibly capital markets, but might actually hinder EU companies from acting in the way that the Proposal aims for them to do.This joint response to the public consultation is made by a group of Nordic and Baltic company law scholars who, although we may not agree on every detail, do share the main arguments and grave concerns expressed here.
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