| 1. |
- Götlind, Karin, 1967-
(författare)
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Värderingskonflikter i praktiken : Hantering av ambivalens vid en neonatal intensivvårdsavdelning
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At neonatal intensive–care units conflicts between basic values, such as the one between saving life and minimizing suffering, are constantly present. This study focuses on how the ambivalence thus created is dealt with in practice by medical staff, specifically focusing on the significance of contextual factors and how the organisation shapes the process of handling ambivalence.Empirical data were collected by way of fieldwork at a neonatal intensive care unit in Sweden. Everyday care was studied by way of participant observations and a number of interviews with medical staff were performedHandling of ambivalence is understood as a collective process in which all professional groups participate, although in different ways depending on their position in the division of labour. The whole working group is involved in creating the capacity for action that is necessary for critical decisions.Ambivalence is primarily handled with the aid of knowledge. For knowledge to work as a tool for handling ambivalence, it must display certain qualities. The knowledge manifested must be convincing, appear reliable, unify, and be interpretable in normative terms. Nurses and doctors play different, and partly conflicting, roles in the process in which such knowledge is constructed. But in the end, to work, knowledge has to be accepted by both groups as the basis for a legitimate decision. From the staff's perspective, the parents become key figures in the process of handling ambivalence. Three different ways in which parents can influence this process are identified.Keywords: Ambivalence, Ideological dilemmas, Neonatal intensive–care, Parental involvement, Production of knowledge, Professional decisionmaking, Work organization.Karin Götlind, Department of Sociology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 821, SE-751 08 Uppsala, Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Hedenqvist, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of housing environment on bone healing in a critical radius defect in New Zealand White rabbits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In animal studies on bone healing, the effect of housing space and physical activity are seldom taken into account. Bone formation was evaluated in New Zealand White rabbits (mean ± SEM BW: 3.9 ± 0.11 kg) with a critical bone defect after 12 weeks of rehabilitation in pair-housing in 3 m2 large floor pens (Floor, n = 10) or standard single housing in 0.43 m2 cages (Cage, n = 10). In the randomised full-factorial study, a bone replica of calcium phosphate cement (CPC, n = 10) or autologous bone (AB, n = 10) was implanted in the unilateral 20 mm radius defect. Post-mortem, the oxidative capacity was measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity in M. quadriceps and the defect filling volume and density evaluated by microcomputer tomography (μ-CT). Histology sections were evaluated by subjective scoring and histomorphometry. Fourteen rabbits remained until the end of the study. Group Floor (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB) had a higher CS activity and a larger bone defect filling volume and lower density by μ-CT measurements than group Cage (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB). Three out of four rabbits in AB-Floor presented fusion of the defect with reorganisation of trabecular bone, whereas three of four in AB-Cage showed areas of incomplete healing. Floor rabbits had a higher score of bony fusion between the radius and ulna than Cage rabbits. There were no differences between groups in histomorphometry. The study found that a larger housing space increased physical activity and promoted bone formation. © 2020 Hedenqvist et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Investigation of Soot in a Spray-Guided Single Cylinder GDI Engine Operating in a Stratified Mode
- 2013
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191 .- 2688-3627. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forthcoming reductions in legal limits for emissions of particle matter (PM) from direct injection engines have increased the need for understanding particle distributions in the engines and the factors affecting them. Therefore, in the presented study the influence on PM-emissions of potentially important factors (fuel injection pressure, load, speed and 50% mass fraction burned phasing) on particle mass, number and size distributions were experimentally investigated. The experimental system was a spray-guided, direct injection, single-cylinder research engine operated in stratified charge mode (using gasoline with 10% ethanol as fuel), under five load and speed settings that are appropriate for stratified combustion. The particle distributions obtained from operating the engine in homogeneous combustion and stratified combustion modes were also compared. The particle distributions were measured using a Cambustion DMS500 fast particle analyzer in combination with a Dekati FPS4000 fine particle sampler and a thermodenuder in all tests except the comparison of distributions under stratified and homogeneous combustion conditions. The sampling system was designed to remove as much of the volatile unburned hydrocarbons as possible in order to sample mostly solid particles. Under all of the stratified operating conditions studied, the results indicate that the particle distribution has a characteristic shape with a tail and one large peak. The operating speed significantly affected the size of the largest particles and the quantity of the particles represented by the tail. An almost linear, positive relationship was found between the load and particle number. Increasing the fuel injection pressure reduced particle numbers whereas combustion phasing had no significant observed effects. More particles were generated in stratified combustion mode than in homogeneous mode.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of particulate size distribution from a GDI engine using a nafion dryer and a DMS500 without sample dilution
- 2014
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Ingår i: FISITA 2014 World Automotive Congress - Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several types of engine exhaust contain moisture that must be maintained in gaseous state when sampling particulates to prevent potential destruction of the particles or damage to the measurement apparatus. This is normally achieved by diluting the sample in order to reduce the partial pressure, thus avoiding condensation. When measuring size distributions of particulates emitted from a gasoline engine, a dilution ratio of at least 5:1 is recommended. However, in some operating modes (e.g. lean homogenous modes) or measurement locations (e.g. downstream of a particulate filter) this ratio can be too high for high-resolution measurements due to the low levels of particulates. The presented study investigates the potential for using a nafion dryer to remove water from the exhaust instead of diluting the sample. An electrical mobility measurement device, a Cambustion DMS500 mk II, was operated without diluting the exhaust gases but with a nafion dryer to remove water from the exhaust. These dryers are commonly used for measuring particulates in airborne aerosols, but no information has been found in the open literature on their application in engine research. The sampling system was connected to a four cylinder SGDI-engine operating in modes that generate small amount of particulates. Samples were taken in four operating conditions, downstream of the catalyst. Overall losses in the complete system and components of the system were determined by tests with an artificially generated aerosol. Factors such as particulate losses, system performance and sample manipulation are discussed. Particulate size distributions were successfully recorded in operating regimes in which they are difficult to measure with conventional sampling systems using the required dilution. Particulate losses were found to be small in the nafion dryer but large in the heated hose prior to the nafion dryer.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anders, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of Soot Formation in an Optical Single-Cylinder Gasoline Direct-Injected Engine Operated in Stratified Mode Using 350 Bar Fuel Injection Pressure, Dual-Coil and High-Frequency Ignition Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Engines. - : SAE International. - 1946-3944 .- 1946-3936. ; 10:3, s. 709-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current trend toward more fuel efficient vehicles with lower emission levels has prompted development of new combustion techniques for use in gasoline engines. Stratified combustion has been shown to be a promising approach for increasing the fuel efficiency. However, this technique is hampered by drawbacks such as increased particulate and standard emissions. This study attempts to address the issues of increased emission levels by investigating the influence of high frequency ionizing ignition systems, 350 bar fuel injection pressure and various tumble levels on particulate emissions and combustion characteristics in an optical SGDI engine operated in stratified mode on isooctane. Tests were performed at one engine load of 2.63 bar BMEP and speed of 1200 rpm. Combustion was recorded with two high speed color cameras from bottom and side views using optical filters for OH and soot luminescence. The results indicated that increasing the fuel injection pressure led to faster burn as well as a reduction in soot luminescence. The ionizing ignition system generated faster initial combustion. Increasing the tumble level reduced the soot luminescence at all injection pressures, but the influence was largest at the lowest fuel injection pressure. The combination of an ionizing ignition system and high fuel pressure was most beneficial for lowering soot luminescence.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Erik M .J., et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial properties of photovoltaic TiO2/dye/PEDOT-PSS heterojunctions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Synthetic metals. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-6779 .- 1879-3290. ; 149:03-feb, s. 157-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems comprising a dense TiO2 film electrode, a ruthenium polypyridine dye and a PEDOT-PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulphonate)) film were prepared. The heterojunctions were shown to have photovoltaic properties, with the dye absorbing the light, the TiO2 acting as an electron conducting material and PEDOT-PSS acting as a hole transport material. A series of dyes was used to investigate their influence on the photocurrent and the photovoltage characteristics of the heterojunction. These results were compared to a photoelectrochemical system in which the PEDOT-PSS was replaced by a liquid electrolyte containing triiodide/iodide redox-couple. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) was used to monitor the interfacial properties of the heterojunction and the investigation points out effects of importance when assembling the materials together to a functional unit. Specifically, it was concluded that the interaction with the dye clearly affects the structure of PEDOT-PSS, both with respect to the surface composition of PSS relative to PEDOT and with respect to the chemical state of the sulphur in the polymers. Moreover, a comparison of the Ru3d and the valence band spectra of the two different interfaces (dye/TiO2 and dye/PEDOT-PSS) indicates that the energy level structure of the dyes compared to the substrate is different for the two surfaces. Thus, in the combined energy level picture under dark conditions, the energy levels in TiO2 relative to the energy levels in PEDOT-PSS depend on the dye.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Stina, 1967-
(författare)
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Jakten på ett hållbart arbete – fackliga utmaningar och möjligheter i mötet med lean
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Managementkonceptet lean innehar idag en ledande position inom svensk industri alltsedan konceptet fick sin genomslagskraft på mitten av 1990-talet. Trots att konceptet som sådant väcker frågeställningar om dess inverkan på medlemmarnas arbetsmiljö är det omöjligt för fackföreningsrörelsen att stå emot denna trend; istället har de att finna vägar för att hantera lean. Utifrån ett arbetsvetenskapligt perspektiv har jag följt och kritiskt granskat relationen mellan fackföreningsrörelsen och lean. Syftet med denna avhandling är att identifiera och diskutera fackliga utmaningar och möjligheter kopplade till det ökande användandet av lean, här illustrerat av fackförbundet IF Metall. För att styra implementeringen av lean till att bli ett koncept som stödjer, inte motarbetar, fackliga ideologier och medlemmarnas krav på en säker, utvecklande arbetsmiljö och en trygg anställning lanserade IF Metall 2009 strategin ’det hållbara arbetet’. Vilande på tankarna från den sociotekniska skolan och erfarenheterna gjorda i tidigare strategier, ’det goda arbetet’ (Svenska Metallarbetareförbundet, 1985) och ’det utvecklande arbetet’ (Industrifacket, 1995), bygger denna strategi på tankarna om en utvecklad arbetsorganisation. Avhandlingen bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fackliga representanter på olika nivåer och positioner, dokumentstudier, fältanteckningar från informella samtal vid deltagande fackliga aktiviteter samt analyser av tidigare forskning i ämnesområdet. Avhandlingen identifierar och diskuterar de fackliga utmaningarna och möjligheterna kopplade till införandet av lean, detta i termer av kampen om rollen som arbetarnas röst, förändrade industriella relationer, kampen mellan kollektivism och individualism samt en stark jämställdhetsdiskurs i samhället.
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| 8. |
- Mellgren, Torbjörn, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Guided bone tissue regeneration using a hollow calcium phosphate based implant in a critical size rabbit radius defect
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedical Materials. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-6041 .- 1748-605X. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long bone fractures are common and sometimes difficult to treat. Autologous bone (AB), bovine bone and calcium phosphates are used to stimulate bone growth with varying results. In the present study, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that previously showed promising grafting capabilities was evaluated for the first time in a long bone defect. A radius defect of 20 mm was created in 20 rabbits. The defect was filled by either a hollow CPC implant that had been manufactured as a replica of a rabbit radius through indirect 3D printing, or by particulate AB as control. Defect filling and bone formation was evaluated after 12 weeks by combining micro computed tomography (mu CT) and scoring of 3D images, together with histomorphometry and histology. The mu CT and histomorphometric evaluations showed a similar amount of filling of the defect (combining graft and bone) between the CPC and AB group, but the scoring of 3D images showed that the filling in the CPC group was significantly larger. Histologically the AB graft could not be distinguished from the new bone. The AB treated defects were found to be composed of more bone than the CPC group, including reorganised cancellous and cortical bone. Both the CPC and AB material was associated with new bone formation, also in the middle of the defect, which could result in closing of the otherwise critically sized gap. This study shows the potential for an indirectly 3D printed implant in guided bone regeneration in critically sized long bone defects.
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