| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 3. |
- Johnsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Primärvårdens möte med invandrare
- 2009
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Ingår i: Mänskliga möten över gränser : vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - 9789147084678 ; , s. 166-190
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Invandring, kultur och välbefinnande.
- 2009
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Ingår i: . I C.M. Allwood & P. Johnsson (red.), Mänskliga möten över gränser - Vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - Stockholm : LIBER. ; , s. 14-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Möten och anpassningar i det multikulturella samhället.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: I C.M. Allwood & P. Johnsson (red.), Mänskliga möten över gränser - Vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - Stockholm : LIBER. - 9789147084678 ; , s. 237-250
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Alvarsson Jan-Åke, Agüero Oscar, Bretschneider Peter, Brunius Staffan, Gumucio Juan Carlos, Gurt Carl-Johan, Hultkrantz Åke, Isacsson Sven-Erik, Johnsson Mick, Kurkiala Mikael, Liljefors-Persson Bodil, Perruchon Marie & Århem Kaj
(författare)
-
Amerikas indiankulturer
- 1997
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Bygdeväg : När 2 filer blir 1
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sundbyberg kommun har genomfört en ombyggnation av en del av Ursviksvägen. En traditionell tvåfilig väg med skyltad hastighet på 30 km/tim byggdes om till en fil för bilar och två cykelfält, en på vardera sida om körfältet för bilar, det vill säga en 2 minus 1-väg. Före ombyggnation och efter ombyggnation tillfrågades boende och passerande individer om deras upplevelser av Ursviksvägen. I synnerhet var det utifrån perspektivet säkerhet och framkomlighet, vilket i sin tur kan kopplas till livskvalitet. Dessutom monterades kameror upp längs sträckan som registrerade trafikarbetet samtidigt som insamlandet av individers upplevelser pågick. Resultaten från enkäten är mycket entydiga. Ombyggnation av delsträckan på Ursviksvägen mottogs väldigt väl. Den upplevda tryggheten, säkerheten och framkomligheten påverkades positivt, i synnerhet för cyklister och fotgängare. Bussresenärers upplevelse var också positiv även om effekten av ombyggnationen inte var lika stark. Dessa resultat erhålls utan att bilisters upplevelse av framkomlighet försämrades. Ytterligare analyser visade att om man var nöjd med säkerheten, tryggheten och framkomligheten i området var man också mera nöjd med området runt Ursviksvägen.En rad analyser genomfördes efter detta huvudresultat för att försöka förstå variationen i svaren bättre. I huvudsak studerades om svaren på frågorna påverkades av om respondenten nyttjade Ursviksvägen som fotgängare, bilist, bussresenär eller cyklist. Dessutom analyserades om ombyggnationen lett till ett förändrat färdmedelsval. Slutligen analyserades om de respondenter som har barn i de skolor som ligger utmed Ursviksvägen har andra upplevelser än de respondenter som inte har barn vid en skola utmed Ursviksvägen. Oavsett hur data analyserades framkom positiva effekter av ombyggnationen. Ett exempel på analys där respondenter med barn i skolor utmed Ursviksvägen jämfördes med respondenter utan barn.Resultatet visade att respondenter med barn i någon av skolorna var signifikant nöjdare med alla de aspekter i trafikmiljö som enkäten berörde men detsamma gällde även de som inte hade några barn i skolorna. Däremot visade resultaten att respondenter med barn i skolorna var mindre nöjda med området innan ombyggnationen vilket innebar att de stod för den största ökningen. Värt att poängtera är också att eftermätningen visade att föräldrar som hade barn som gick eller cyklade till skola var måttligt nöjda med tryggheten och säkerheten för sina barn, då det högsta medelvärdet var drygt 4 på den 7-gradiga skalan.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
När 2 filer blir 1: Ombyggnation av Ursviksvägen i Sundbyberg
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sundbyberg kommun har genomfört en ombyggnation av en del av Ursviksvägen. En traditionell tvåfilig väg med skyltad hastighet på 30 km/tim byggdes om till en fil för bilar och två cykelfält, en på vardera sida om körfältet för bilar, det vill säga en 2 minus 1-väg. Före ombyggnation och efter ombyggnation tillfrågades boende och passerande individer om deras upplevelser av Ursviksvägen. I synnerhet var det utifrån perspektivet säkerhet och framkomlighet, vilket i sin tur kan kopplas till livskvalitet. Dessutom monterades kameror upp längs sträckan som registrerade trafikarbetet samtidigt som insamlandet av individers upplevelser pågick. Resultaten från enkäten är mycket entydiga. Ombyggnation av delsträckan på Ursviksvägen mottogs väldigt väl. Den upplevda tryggheten, säkerheten och framkomligheten påverkades positivt, i synnerhet för cyklister och fotgängare. Bussresenärers upplevelse var också positiv även om effekten av ombyggnationen inte var lika stark. Dessa resultat erhålls utan att bilisters upplevelse av framkomlighet försämrades. Ytterligare analyser visade att om man var nöjd med säkerheten, tryggheten och framkomligheten i området var man också mera nöjd med området runt Ursviksvägen.En rad analyser genomfördes efter detta huvudresultat för att försöka förstå variationen i svaren bättre. I huvudsak studerades om svaren på frågorna påverkades av om respondenten nyttjade Ursviksvägen som fotgängare, bilist, bussresenär eller cyklist. Dessutom analyserades om ombyggnationen lett till ett förändrat färdmedelsval. Slutligen analyserades om de respondenter som har barn i de skolor som ligger utmed Ursviksvägen har andra upplevelser än de respondenter som inte har barn vid en skola utmed Ursviksvägen. Oavsett hur data analyserades framkom positiva effekter av ombyggnationen. Ett exempel på analys där respondenter med barn i skolor utmed Ursviksvägen jämfördes med respondenter utan barn.Resultatet visade att respondenter med barn i någon av skolorna var signifikant nöjdare med alla de aspekter i trafikmiljö som enkäten berörde men detsamma gällde även de som inte hade några barn i skolorna. Däremot visade resultaten att respondenter med barn i skolorna var mindre nöjda med området innan ombyggnationen vilket innebar att de stod för den största ökningen. Värt att poängtera är också att eftermätningen visade att föräldrar som hade barn som gick eller cyklade till skola var måttligt nöjda med tryggheten och säkerheten för sina barn, då det högsta medelvärdet var drygt 4 på den 7-gradiga skalan.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Two minus one road equals improved quality of life
- 2024
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1982. ; 26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sundbyberg municipality (part of greater Stockholm) has reconstructed a traditional two-lane road, with an allowed speed limit of 30 km/h, into a road with one car lane and two bicycle lanes, one on either side of the car lane (a “two minus one road”). The aim was to increase traffic safety and accessibility, especially for bicyclists and pedestriansMethod: The design used was a before- an after-study including both subjective and objective measures. To collect subjective data a survey measuring quality of life was used by asking residents and travellers how they experienced the road and their neighbourhood. The collection of objective data was done with the help of video cameras recording traffic conflicts, vehicle speed and position on the roadResults: The reconstruction of the road had positive effects on quality of life in general, specifically safety, security, and accessibility for bicyclists and pedestrians. Something which was achieved without reducing car drivers’ experience of accessibility. Subsequent analyses were conducted to increase the understanding of different ‘sub-groups’. Specifically, analyses assessed: if responses could be linked to modal choice; whether the reconstruction of the road resulted in a modal shift; and whether it was any differences between respondents who had or had not a child attending any of the local schools. Overall, the responses from the ‘sub-groups’ were not significantly different from each other (except for respondents with children). The video analyses on traffic safety showed no differences in conflicts before and after the reconstruction. The only negative result was that car drivers’ speed increased by 3 km/hConclusion: The reconstruction of roads with a traffic intensity, equivalent to the selected road is suitable for a two minus one road. Traffic safety, security, and accessibility will increase, but not at the expense of car drivers’ accessibility.
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| 11. |
- Axelsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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A multicenter study investigating the molecular fingerprint of psychological resilience in breast cancer patients : Study protocol of the SCAN-B resilience study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Individual patients differ in their psychological response when receiving a cancer diagnosis, in this case breast cancer. Given the same disease burden, some patients master the situation well, while others experience a great deal of stress, depression and lowered quality of life. Patients with high psychological resilience are likely to experience fewer stress reactions and better adapt to and manage the life threat and the demanding treatment that follows the diagnosis. If this phenomenon of mastering difficult situations is reflected also in biomolecular processes is not much studied, nor has its capacity for impacting the cancer prognosis been addressed. This project specifically aims, for the first time, to investigate how a breast cancer patient's psychological resilience is coupled to biomolecular parameters using advanced "omics" and, as a secondary aim, whether it relates to prognosis and quality of life one year after diagnosis. Method: The study population consists of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients enrolled in the Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast (SCAN-B) at four hospitals in Sweden. At the time of cancer diagnosis, the patient fills out the standardized method to measure psychological resilience, the "Connor-Davidson Resilience scale" (CD-RISC), the quality of life measure SF-36, as well as providing social and socioeconomic variables. In addition, one blood sample is collected. At the one-year follow-up, the patient will be subjected to the same assessments, and we also collect information regarding smoking, exercise habits, and BMI, as well as patients' trust in the treatment and their satisfaction with the care and treatment. Discussion: This explorative hypothesis-generating project will pave the way for larger validation studies, potentially leading to a standardized method of measuring psychological resilience as an important parameter in cancer care. Revealing the body-mind interaction, in terms of psychological resilience and quality of life, will herald the development of truly personalized psychosocial care and cancer intervention treatment strategies. Trial registration: This is a retrospectively registered trial at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03430492on February 6, 2018.
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| 12. |
- Berggren, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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Combining smart card data with data from user-mediated mobile platform survey for longitudinal study of travel behaviour
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Transport and Society - Proceeding of the 22nd International Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, HKSTS 2017. - 9789881581464 ; , s. 597-605
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart card data and survey data have different characteristics, which combined have the potential to enrich the total level of information as well as to reduce inherent biases in each dataset. This paper describes a fruitful procedure to use survey data from a smartphone application-based travel survey with prompted recall to validate data from smart card transactions in the same geographical area and time period. Real departure times from AVL data in combination with timetables and route courses from a GTFS database were utilised to create stop-to-stop trajectories from the survey data, and then assigned to the GTFS network and visualised using a network analysis tool. A destination and transfer inference procedure applied on the smart card data enabled assignment and subsequent visualisation and comparison with the surveyed trip trajectories. Comparison based on trip characteristics show reasonable similarities and differences between the datasets.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Buckley, Patrick G, et al.
(författare)
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A full-coverage, high-resolution human chromosome 22 genomic microarrayfor clinical and research applications
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 11:25, s. 3221-3229
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have constructed the first comprehensive microarray representing a human chromosome for analysis of DNA copy number variation. This chromosome 22 array covers 34.7 Mb, representing 1.1% of the genome, with an average resolution of 75 kb. To demonstrate the utility of the array, we have applied it to profile acral melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, DiGeorge syndrome and neurofibromatosis 2. We accurately diagnosed homozygous/heterozygous deletions, amplifications/gains, IGLV/IGLC locus instability, and breakpoints of an imbalanced translocation. We further identified the 14-3-3 eta isoform as a candidate tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Two significant methodological advances in array construction were also developed and validated. These include a strictly sequence defined, repeat-free, and non-redundant strategy for array preparation. This approach allows an increase in array resolution and analysis of any locus; disregarding common repeats, genomic clone availability and sequence redundancy. In addition, we report that the application of phi29 DNA polymerase is advantageous in microarray preparation. A broad spectrum of issues in medical research and diagnostics can be approached using the array. This well annotated and gene-rich autosome contains numerous uncharacterized disease genes. It is therefore crucial to associate these genes to specific 22q-related conditions and this array will be instrumental towards this goal. Furthermore, comprehensive epigenetic profiling of 22q-located genes and high-resolution analysis of replication timing across the entire chromosome can be studied using our array.
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| 17. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Why experience changes attitudes to congestion pricing : The case of Gothenburg
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 85, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cities have seen public support for congestion charges increase substantially after charges have been introduced. Several alternative explanations of this phenomenon have been suggested, but so far little evidence has been available to assess the relative importance of these explanations. We study attitudes to congestion pricing in Gothenburg before and after congestion charges were introduced in January 2013. Attitudes to the charges did indeed become more positive after the introduction, just as in previous cities. Using a two-wave postal survey, we separate contributions to the attitude change from a number of sources: benefits and costs being different than anticipated, use of hypothecated revenues, reframing processes, and changes in related attitudes such as attitudes to environment, equity, taxation and pricing measures in general. We conclude that the dominant reason for the attitude change is status quo bias, rather than any substantial changes in beliefs or related attitudes, although some of these factors also contribute. Contrary to a common belief, nothing of the attitude change is due to benefits being larger than anticipated.
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| 18. |
- Cardeña, Etzel, et al.
(författare)
-
Posttraumatiska störningar hos flyktingar
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Mänskliga möten över gränser : vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - 9789147084678 ; , s. 61-80
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- De Ceunynck, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Interact or counteract? Behavioural observation of interactions between vulnerable road users and autonomous shuttles in Oslo, Norway
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Traffic Safety Research. - : Dept. of Technology & Society, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. - 2004-3082. ; 2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current paper presents the results of behavioural observations in a field experiment with automated shuttles in Oslo, Norway. Video observations were conducted at five fixed locations along a challenging 1.2 km automated shuttle line with varying traffic conditions. Observed interactions between vulnerable road users and automated shuttles were coded using a predefined codebook, which allowed a structured quantitative analysis. The paper identified several potentially risky types of situations in which the automated shuttles did not always behave according to the traffic rules. Generally, the automated shuttles failed to give way to pedestrians at pedestrian crossings in 26%–50% of the interactions. Right-turning shuttles failed to yield to cyclists going straight in 38% of the interactions at observation Site 1 (the only location where the automated shuttle takes a right turn). In majority of same direction interactions between cyclists and automated shuttles, the interactions resulted in the cyclist overtaking the automated shuttle, usually on the left-hand side. Generally, the paper found little evidence of road users trying to bully or otherwise take advantage of the defensive driving style of the automated shuttles and identified only a limited number of interactions in which a vulnerable road user behaved ignorant or aggressive towards the automated shuttles. In addition, the paper found very little indication of temporal effects that suggest changes in the interaction patterns over time.
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| 20. |
- Hammad, Samir, et al.
(författare)
-
Utvärdering av hastighetssäkrade åtgärder på landsbygdsvägar
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta arbete har utvärderat hastighetssäkrade åtgärders effekt på landsbygdsvägar genom att filma totalt 34 olika sådana åtgärder i södra Sverige och studera hastigheten av frigående bilar och tunga fordon när de passerar de olika åtgärderna.Varje plats har filmats med drönare och alla fordon har automatiskt spårats m.h.a. videoanalys. Därefter har frigående fordon identifierats och deras hastighet analyserats.Analysen har gjorts i två huvudsakliga steg: (1) en visualisering av fordonens rörelser genom alla studerade åtgärder har gjorts och hastighetsprofilerna återfinns i Bilaga A, B och C; och (2) en matematisk modell har skapats som beskriver förhållandet mellan ett fordons minsta radie genom en åtgärd och fordonets hastighet i samma punkt.Resultaten visar att de studerade hastighetssäkrade åtgärderna på landsbygdsvägar fungerar generellt bra och sänker hastigheten. Alla platser fungerar dock inte lika bra och det är fortfarande oklart exakt vad som avgör varför vissa platser med liknande åtgärder fungerar olika bra. Generellt så verkar Avsmalningar vara mest hastighetssänkande, Portar resulterar i 16% högre hastighet och Chikaner visar 30% högre hastigheter än avsmalningar.
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| 21. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A relative approach to the validation of surrogate measures of safety
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2057 .- 0001-4575. ; 161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surrogate measures of safety (SMoS) are meant to be an alternative/complement to crash data that enables a proactive approach to traffic safety. Validity is a fundamental property of SMoS that describes how well they reflect the quality of interest – traffic safety. However, typical validation studies are extremely resource demanding. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore a relative approach to validity that uses fewer resources and does not rely on crash records from the observed locations. The core idea of a relative approach tothe validation of SMoS is that while SMoS might not accurately estimate the expected number of crashes, they still work well for comparisons between different sites or between conditions at the same site. Based on thisconcept, we propose a method in which a ground truth based on literature can be used as a baseline that can then be compared to the safety analysis of an SMoS study. Using the proposed method, a case study of six intersectionsin northern Europe was conducted, focusing on bicycle infrastructure. The results indicate that the minimum time-to-collision indicator is in line with the ground truth, whereas the post-encroachment time indicator is not.
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| 22. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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A Student-Centered Approach and Mindset-Focused Pedagogical Approach for Entrepreneurship and Leadership
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Applied Innovation Review. ; :2, s. 57-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ease and abundance of knowledge acquisition that is unparalleled in history, renders knowledge transition and practicing of skills in education insufficient. The importance of personal reflection and identity, i.e. the individual’s mindset, is increasingly important. Re-thinking educational approaches, to entrepreneurship and leadership in particular, is important since they are activities for which perfect information cannot be gathered.This paper introduces a new pedagogical approach that we will refer to as the MIND methodology, which incorporates aspects of the individual’s mindset. The novel pedagogical approach includes four building blocks; theory practice, mindset and engagement-and-networking. The MIND-methodology is based on accepted pedagogical theories and known psychological aspects: social learning, communities of practice, and fixed and growth mindset.The novelty of the methodology lies in its clear student-centered approach and its focus on the student’s mindset. The methodology has been used in ongoing education in entrepreneurship and leadership over the course of about 10 years, and is gradually evolving. The results from applying the methodology show promising results for the main stakeholders; students and future employees. Students’ ranking years after graduation is unusually high and reveal that the curricula has provided life-long learning, the mindset activities are valued the most, and salaries and salary-increases provided by their eventual employers indicate that the students possess qualities sought after in today’s labor market.
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| 23. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Space Syntax Integration at Public Transport Hubs and Public Squares Using Drone Footage
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Sciences (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 13:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space Syntax theory is a methodological framework for describing and analysing the relationships between spaces and buildings. The fundamental building blocks of Space Syntax are called axial lines, which represent lines of sight from a specific point in space. These lines can then be used to quantitatively analyse the integration (or attractiveness) of an area. However, many public squares and transport hubs are crossed by roads which prove a hinderance when walking although not impairing the sightlines of pedestrians. The aim of this paper is to test how this limitation affects the concept and whether Space Syntax is still useful to understand how people move in such areas. Seven public squares and transport hubs in Malmö (Sweden) were selected and their Space Syntax integration was calculated. These values were compared with pedestrian detections from the same areas based on video recordings from a drone. When aggregating the areas into several levels based on their integration value, the result shows a clear link between Space Syntax integration and the number of pedestrian detections made at each location, demonstrating how this measure could be useful for understanding micromobility usage on a small scale.
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| 24. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Extended Flipped Classroom - using peer dynamics for integrative learning
- 2017
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Ingår i: Innovative Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. - 9781911450085 ; , s. 165-177
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Extended Flipped Classroom (EFC) concept was developed for and applied to a selected group of students studying at the Technology Management programme, a cross-disciplinary master programme at Lund University, Sweden, in 2014. The main driving force for its development was a strong believe that the university can provide the students with, not only knowledge in various subject fields, but also, and equally important, a positive attitude to lifelong learning, an understanding of learning in the coming work-life, and the insight that their own role in the learning situation has an important impact on the outcome. To be able to explicitly include these aspects in the master programme, the concept of Extended Flipped Classroom was developed, and used in the course Technology Strategies and Structures (TSS). The three main components behind the concept are; flipped classroom, subject field integration, and peer learning. These imply that the students must work through the material together with peers prior to an instructor led classroom lecture, a situation that mimics how learning is done in many work-life situations where teamwork is a common way of working. The students should also analyze and understand how various subjects are interrelated. This mimics real life learning situations in which subjects are rarely encountered as separate entities but rather appears integrated and in a context. Getting an understanding of the whole picture is complementary to understanding the parts. In addition, the students will learn to listen to each other and see each other as resources of knowledge and information, and, vice versa, start to be aware of their own role as contributors in a learning situation. Altogether, EFC with its three components exposes the students to an innovative and new teaching and learning situation that will enhance their learning and practice their life-long learning skills. This paper presents the Extended Flipped Classroom (EFC) concept; its context (Chapter 2), its content (Chapter 3), takeaways (Chapter 4), as well as a method for applying it to a course (Chapter 5).
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| 25. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering Automatic Control Students to Become Innovators
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, 2014. - 1474-6670. - 9783902823625 ; , s. 12255-12260
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, innovation is a key word for many universities, as it constitutes an important part of most universities’ public and scientific outreach task. Many universities are striving to increase the number of innovations generated at the university. A common method is to provide various support for research projects e.g.; providing researchers with information about international patent rights (IPR), offering administrative or financial help concerning patent applications, giving entrepreneurship and start-up support, etc. However, fostering innovators and entrepreneurs can start already in undergraduate/graduate courses, i.e. long before a student potentially reaches the research level. We believe that key factors for success in this matter are diversity and freedom. A course that strives to promote innovation capability must allow for students with different backgrounds and different curricula to meet and work together, and must allow for students to freely use their current knowledge within new contexts. This is generally not a setting provided in traditional undergraduate/graduate courses. This article describes the execution and outcome of an graduate course “international Market-Driven Engineering (iMDE)” in which diversity and freedom are key factors. The course is international and multi-disciplinary in terms of students, teachers and subjects. Graduate students with prior knowledge in automatic control constitute one important part of the course population. We believe that the diversity amongst the students, and their freedom when it comes to both innovation process and product, provides a promising platform in which seeds of ideas can grow into conceptual prototypes that build a solid foundation for full-scale innovations. On of the iMDE- projects, the Elderly Accessible Chair, or EA Chair, with its automated scanning and automatic seat- provider functionality, is one concrete example of this.
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| 26. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of evasive manoeuvres in traffic interactions and conflicts
- 2022
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Ingår i: Traffic Safety Research. - : Dept. of Technology & Society, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University. - 2004-3082. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study presents a simple and easy to implement method for detection of the evasive action start in traffic interactions. The method is based on comparison of the studied trajectory with a reference set of ‘unhindered’ trajectories, interpreting the start of evasive action as the moment when no more similarities can be found. The suggested algorithm performs well for primary interactions when road users arrive in an unhindered state. It fails, however, in case of secondary interactions. Explorative application of the method on a large dataset of normal and conflict traffic situations concludes that traffic conflicts occur more frequently in secondary interactions, presumably due to higher cognitive load on the involved road users. Despite the limitations, the method can be used both for the safety studies based on traffic conflicts and for more general quantification and visualisation of the road user behaviour.
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| 27. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users : a review of surrogate safety indicators
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transport Reviews. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; 38:6, s. 765-785
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator.
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| 28. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning Leadership : on including leadership training in higher education
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can an educational programme develop tomorrow’s leaders? Can the mindset and skill set found in successful leaders be taught and learnt in educational programmes? This paper presents a leadership program, a cross disciplinary master programme atLund University, Sweden. The students study technology and management, however, the programme’s unique value proposition lies in its focus on leadership.The leadership part of the programme is based on three core buildingblocksthat are intimately intertwined and forms an holistic platform for the programme:1. The understanding of fixed and growth mindset (Dweck, 2006)2. The process of becoming and belonging (Wenger, 2000a)3. The individual learning journal tool (Moon, 20006).We (the teachers involved in the programme) are convinced that the development that the students go through during the programme is a consequence of its pedagogical approach that puts the student in the front seat. A student from the programme expresses it in the following way: ”The consequence of letting the students be in the front seat is that we start to care, we want to succeed and to see a development inourselves and our groups. A problem with many other programmes is that they are so easy to be distanced from. It is like the education takes place around us, not with us or inside of us”, and she continues ”You should feel that you have learnt, been through something, participated in your own formation. Distanciation is not part of a leadership programme, if we really want to learn leadership it has to be experienced and felt inside of ourselves”. (translated from Swedish) (Karlsson, 2008).The purpose of this paper is to describe and assess how leadership can be taught and learnt in higher education. It contains a presentation of the three core building blocks as well as a description of how they are used in the master programme in order to enhance the leadership learning outcome for the students. The method is referred to as Lund Learning Leadership Method (3LM). 3LM has gradually been developed and refined since 1997. Comments, reflections and course evaluations from currentstudents and alumni are included in the paper, and used as an assessment method of the programme’s ability to encourage and foster tomorrow’s leaders.
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| 29. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Metacognition and Learning Journals in Higher Education
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering. - 2226-7344. ; 3:4, s. 152-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The studies in higher education have its natural focus on the subject matters of study. This also holds for the master program Technology Management (TM). In addition it is important to complement the students’ academic knowledge with insights about metacognition, i.e. knowledge and understanding of themselves and their own behaviour. The introduction of so-called Learning Journals has proved to be a successful step in this direction. TM is a unique program at Lund University, where a selected number (40) of students from the Faculty of Economics (20) and from the Faculty of Engineering (20) are taught together during their last 2 years of study. Their different views on problems and challenges in today’s industry often complement each other. By the introduction of learning journals, they also learn about themselves, what influence their motivation, behaviour and attitude have on a group, and an understanding of their own preferred learning method. The learning journals are introduced in the course Project Leadership. In this course, the students are divided in groups of 4-5 students, each one managing one project. Throughout the whole course (2 semesters) the students are writing learning journals and supervisors are commenting monthly. The learning journals have four purposes; 1) providing an opportunity to reflect on the development of the project itself 2) enabling personal reflection on the own process, 2) enabling reflection on the own position and part in the group, and 4) through the longitudinal effect of the course; it provides an opportunity to compare journals over time to become aware of and able to analyse the own learning process. In a newly performed Placement report, students that have graduated from the Technology Management programme the last 10 years, rate their education 4.37 out of 5. Some students even consider the Learning Journals among the most valuable parts of the whole programme in retrospect.
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| 30. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixing Engineering, Business and Design Students in an International Cross-Disciplinary Course on Innovation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Applied Innovation Review. ; 1:1, s. 66-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- International Market Driven engineering (iMDE) is an international course on innovation where Swedish and Chinese engineering students are mixed with business and design students. The course is run on a yearly basis, it is six weeks long and takes place in China. Both the development and the execution of the course is made as a joint project between the Swedish and Chinese instructors. The course contains lectures, coaching sessions, company visits and an innovation-project performed in teams. The course aim is to expose students to the innovation process and international collaborations, and to open their eyes for entrepreneurship. Pertex analysis reveals that the students highly valuate the international collaboration amongst the students in the innovation-project. The number of stat-up companies formed by the students has also increased with the introduction of the iMDE-course.
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| 31. |
- Johnsson, Carl
(författare)
-
Surrogate Measures of Safety with a Focus on Vulnerable Road Users : An exploration of theory, practice, exposure, and validity
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Surrogate measures of safety (SMoS) are meant to function as tools to investigate traffic safety. The term surrogate indicates that these measures do not rely on crash data; instead, they focus on identifying safety critical events (or near-crashes) in traffic, which can be used as an alternative to crash records. The overall aim of this thesis is to explore which SMoS are suitable when analysing the safety of vulnerable road users (pedestrians and cyclists). The thesis attempts to answer this question using two different approaches: 1) a literature review focusing on existing surrogate measures and how well they consider vulnerable road users from a theoretical perspective, and 2) four observational studies which focus on the validity of SMoS and their relation to exposure.The literature review focuses on identifying existing SMoS, and on two main aspects when evaluating their suitability for analysing the safety of vulnerable road users. Firstly, if the indicators theoretically are able to measure both the risk of collision and the potential for injury should a collision occur, and secondly, to what extent vulnerable road users were included in previous validation studies. The findings from the literature review are that the most commonly used indicators (Time to Collision Minimum and Post Encroachment Time) are also the most validated, but that they have several theoretical limitations, mainly that they to do not measure injury potential and that they measure the severity of an event based on the outcome rather than the initial conditions or potential/observed evasive actions. There are also several indicators which theoretically are more suitable but instead lack validation studies.The observational studies, which make up the second part of this thesis, consist of an attempt at a large-scale validation study, followed by several studies which focus on the shortcomings discovered in the first attempt. The large-scale study is based on three weeks of video recordings made at 26 signalized intersections in seven European countries. The analysis of these videos resulted in three major findings. Firstly, the lack of comparable crash records made any large-scale validation attempts impossible. Secondly, the lack of comparability between the critical events identified by human observers and those identified by computer calculations made it infeasible to perform a long-term analysis. Thirdly, there is a significant relationship between meetings and critical events identified using Time to Collision Minimum and Post Encroachment Time, which suggests that some of the benefit of using those (and other indicators) might originate from their inherent connection to simple meetings between road users (i.e. exposure). Following these results, the thesis presents a limited validation study based solely on the Scandinavian intersections followed by a suggestion for how a relative approach to validity might offer a potentially easier way of evaluating SMoS in the future. The results from these studies indicate that Time to Collision Minimum can measure safety to at least some extent, while Post Encroachment Time measures it to a lesser extent. Due to the strong connection between critical events and meetings, the thesis also explores how a meeting between road users can be defined and how understanding what constitutes an opportunity for a crash might help to explain the so-called safety-in-numbers effect, as well as how future SMoS studies should consider meetings.
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| 32. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching Manufacturing Operations and Strategies in Higher Education
- 2008
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students at higher technical educations e.g., bachelors and masters, are traditionally taught in software programming and factory automation. Students at higher economical and management schools are exposed to different strategies and their economical impacts. However, in many education programs, the larger perspective, of how to combine the technical and the economical aspects is not highlighted. Technology Management is a unique program at Lund University Sweden, where a selected number of students from the school of economics and management and from the engineering faculty are taught together during their last year of study. Their views on problems and challenges in todays industry often complement each other. The course Technology, Strategies and Structures includes e.g. projects done in collaboration with industries. This paper includes a discussion about how knowledge about Manufacturing Operations and Strategies, can be incorporated in higher technical and economical studies, and it describes some industry projects done by students.
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| 33. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching Manufacturing Strategies and Structures in higher Education
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of software systems for the planning and execution of production has drastically increased over the past decades. This has lead to a growth in number of software systems used within sites. The company’s problem today is no longer only to find relevant software systems but rather to coordinate and synchronize existing systems. Students at higher technical educations e.g., bachelors and masters, are traditionally taught in software programming and factory automation. Students at higher economical and management schools are exposed to different manufacturing strategies and their economical impacts. However, in many education programs, the larger perspective, of how to combine the technical and the economical aspects is not highlighted. Without a clear structure of how to tackle the puzzle of combining the different software systems, the risk of getting a complex and fragmented information exchange between a company’s hierarchical levels and functions is high, this, with the bi-effect that production strategies with regards to time, cost, flexibility and quality are not maximized. Technology Management is a unique program at Lund University, where a selected number of students from The School of Management and Economics in Lund and from Lund Institute of Technology are taught together during their last year of study. Their views on problems and challenges in today’s industry often complement each other. The course “Technology, Strategy and Structure” includes, among other things, projects done in collaboration with industries. In this course the usage of the ISA 95 standard, as a tool for structuring complex information exchange within production sites and for harmonizing the company’s information flow, is discussed, analyzed and used in the projects. This paper includes a discussion about how the ISA 95 can be incorporated in higher technical and economical studies, and it describes some of the industry projects done by the students.
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| 34. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Technology Management: a cross-disciplinary master program with a focus on Leadership
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Engineering Management Research. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1927-7326 .- 1927-7318. ; 5:2, s. 40-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership is important. Management is important. However, leadership and management is not the same thing, in fact they are fundamentally different. In a cross disciplinary master programme named Technology Management at Lund University, Sweden, the students are given opportunities to study and learn management, however, what makes the program unique is its profound focus on leadership. The Technology Management programme includes six courses, Teamwork and Leadership being one of them. In this course, theories and knowledge in leadership is learnt and discussed, this is then intertwined into the other courses in which it is practiced, and finally the outcome is brought back to the Teamwork and Leadership course for further discussions. In addition to this the students are writing daily reflections in a so called Learning Journal, over a one-year period, making it possible for the students to reflect over and thereby shaping shape their own leadership style and mindset. Course evaluations and placement reports indicates that the students learning about theories, practice and mindset related to leadership is the ranked as the most valuable learning from their entire educational curricula/period.
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| 35. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
The ‘safety in density’ effect for cyclists and motor vehicles in Scandinavia: An observational study
-
Ingår i: IATSS Research. - 0386-1112.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safety in density (SID) potentially explains the safety in numbers (SIN) phenomenon by positing that ‘the SIN effect can be reproduced simply through encouraging behaviour that leads to the formation of higher-density cyclist groups’. The study further explores this hypothesis using event-based exposure, queues and groups of road users. Using three different definitions of encounters between road users, these were manually counted at signalized intersections, and their relationship to traffic volume was assessed. Based only on the frontmost motor vehicle in a queue and one cyclist among the several passing in front of that vehicle, the results show a less than linear relationship between meetings and trafficvolume. An in-crease in the number of cyclists entails a general increase in cyclists passing in front of each motor vehicle, and an increase in motor vehicles increases queue lengths. However, crash data from the Swedish accident database (STRADA) show that it is exceedingly rare for multiple cyclists to be injured in the same crash. Together with results from a crash-encounter model, this suggests that the SID hypothesis may help to ex-plain SIN
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| 36. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
The Usage of Learning Journals in a Technology Management Education
- 2011
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781612849515 ; , s. 900-904
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology Management is a unique program at Lund University, where a selected number (40) of students from the Faculty of Economics and from the Faculty of Engineering are taught together during their last 2 years of study. Their degree will be a Master's degree. Their views on problems and challenges in today's industry often complement each other. In addition it is important to complement their academic knowledge with insights about themselves and their own behavior. The introduction of so-called Learning Journals has proved to be a successful step in this direction. The learning journals are introduced in the course Project Leadership. Throughout the whole course (2 semesters) the students are writing learning journals and supervisors are commenting monthly. The learning journals have the purpose of 1) enabling personal reflection on the own process, 2) enabling reflection on the own position and part in the group, and 3) through the longitudinal effect of the course; it provides an opportunity to compare journals over time to become aware of and able to analyze the own learning process. In a newly performed Placement report, students that have graduated from the Technology Management programme the last 10 years, rate their education 4.37 out of 5. Some students even consider the Learning Journals among the most valuable parts of the whole programme in retrospect.
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| 37. |
- Johnsson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of surrogate measures of safety with a focus on bicyclist–motor vehicle interactions
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575. ; 153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surrogate measures of safety (SMoS) can enable quick, pro-active, and detailed safety evaluations by studying near-crashes. A critical concern regarding SMoS is their validity. This study focused on the validity of two commonly used SMoS indicators—minimum time to collision and post-encroachment time—with a specific focus on bicyclist–motor vehicle interactions. The study was divided into two main parts; the first part focused on observations at intersections in Scandinavia, and the second part focused on developing a crash model using data from 166 similar intersections. Nine signalised intersections in Scandinavia were observed for at least 24 h. During this time, each interaction between a bicyclist and a right- or left-turning motor vehicle was identified and trajectories for the road users were created. The corresponding SMoS values were then calculated. Three main results were found when comparing the results of the crash model with the SMoS analysis. First, there is a significant relationship between the expected number of crashes and both indicators. However, the results also suggest that this correlation might originate from the inherent connection between the indicators and the number of interactions between the studied road users. Finally, when the number of interactions is considered, the results show that the minimum time to collision with a threshold of 3–4 s produces the best results.
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| 38. |
- Johnsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
A sexual ornament in chickens is affected by pleiotropic alleles at HAO1 and BMP2, selected during domestication.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 8:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domestication is one of the strongest forms of short-term, directional selection. Although selection is typically only exerted on one or a few target traits, domestication can lead to numerous changes in many seemingly unrelated phenotypes. It is unknown whether such correlated responses are due to pleiotropy or linkage between separate genetic architectures. Using three separate intercrosses between wild and domestic chickens, a locus affecting comb mass (a sexual ornament in the chicken) and several fitness traits (primarily medullary bone allocation and fecundity) was identified. This locus contains two tightly-linked genes, BMP2 and HAO1, which together produce the range of pleiotropic effects seen. This study demonstrates the importance of pleiotropy (or extremely close linkage) in domestication. The nature of this pleiotropy also provides insights into how this sexual ornament could be maintained in wild populations.
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| 39. |
- Johnsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of pleiotropy and linkage in genes affecting a sexual ornament and bone allocation in the chicken.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-294X .- 0962-1083. ; 23:9, s. 2275-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual selection and the ornaments that inform such choices have been extensively studied, particularly from a phenotypic perspective. Although more is being revealed about the genetic architecture of sexual ornaments, much still remains to be discovered. The comb of the chicken is one of the most widely recognized sexual ornaments, which has been shown to be correlated with both fecundity and bone allocation. In this study, we use a combination of multiple intercrosses between White Leghorn populations and wild-derived Red Junglefowl to, first, map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bone allocation and, second, to identify expression QTL that correlate and colocalize with comb mass. These candidate quantitative genes were then assessed for potential pleiotropic effects on bone tissue and fecundity traits. We identify genes that correlate with both relative comb mass and bone traits suggesting a combination of both pleiotropy and linkage mediates gene regulatory variation in these traits.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Järvholm, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics of adolescents with poor mental health after bariatric surgery
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-7289. ; 12:4, s. 882-890
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: About 20% of adolescents experience substantial mental health problems after bariatric surgery. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore differences between adolescents with poor mental health (PMH) 2 years after surgery and those with average/good mental health. Methods: Mental health and health-related quality of life were assessed in 82 of 88 adolescents (mean age: 16.8 yr, 67% female) at baseline and 1 and 2 years after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Possible associations among mental health, weight, and biochemical outcomes were explored. Results: Two years after surgery 16 (20%) adolescents were identified as having PMH. More symptoms of anxiety and depression and worse mental health at baseline significantly predicted PMH 2 years later. The decline in mental health for the PMH group happened mainly during the second year after surgery. Suicidal ideation was reported in 14% of the total sample 2 years postsurgery and was more frequent in the PMH group. Weight outcomes between groups were comparable at all time points, and physical health was equally improved 2 years after surgery. Conclusions: Although adolescents with PMH after surgery lose as much weight and have similar improvements in physical health compared with other adolescents, special attention should be given to adolescents who report mental health problems at baseline and follow-up, especially during the second year after gastric bypass. The high prevalence of suicidal ideation in adolescents 2 years after bariatric surgery is another indication that longer follow-up is necessary. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016;12:882-892.)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Järvholm, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Short-Term Psychological Outcomes in Severely Obese Adolescents After Bariatric Surgery.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 20:2, s. 318-323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bariatric surgery is suggested as a treatment option for severely obese adolescents. Because adolescence is characterized by intense psychosocial adjustment and development, it is important to study the effect of this procedure on adolescents' psychological health. This study examined baseline status and short-term changes in anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, and self-concept in 37 adolescents (mean age 16.6 ± 1.3). Participants completed the Beck Youth Inventories (BYI) at inclusion and (on average) 4 months after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Internalizing (anxiety and depression) and externalizing (anger and disruptive behavior) symptoms were higher at baseline than gender-specific norms. One fifth had a very low self-concept. Four months after surgery, the adolescents showed significantly fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression and significantly improved self-concept from baseline. Anger and disruptive behavior showed no significant changes. An analysis of clinically meaningful changes was conducted, and besides the overall positive outcome, 16% (n = 6) of the adolescents had deteriorated on two or more inventories in BYI shortly after surgery. This impaired group did not show any specific features at inclusion. The results indicate the importance of psychological monitoring immediately after bariatric surgery and the need for additional psychosocial support to be available for vulnerable sub-groups of adolescents. Further studies with larger samples are necessary to identify characteristics predictive of short-term adverse psychological outcomes in adolescents after bariatric surgery.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Kennedy, Ken, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward a Framework for Preparing and Executing Adaptive Grid Programs
- 2002
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the program execution framework being developed by the Grid Application Development Software (GrADS) Project . The goal of this framework is to provide good resource allocation for Grid applications and to support adaptive reallocation if performance degrades because of changes in the availability of Grid resources. At the heart of this strategy is the notion of a configurable object program, which contains, in addition to application code, strategies for mapping the application to different collections of resources and a resource selection model that provides an estimate of the performance of the application on a specific collection of Grid resources. This model must be accurate enough to distinguish collections of resources that will deliver good performance from those that will not. The GrADS execution framework also provides a contract monitoring mechanism for interrupting and remapping an application execution when performance falls below acceptable levels.
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| 48. |
- Kuepper, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
-
X-Ray Diffraction from Isolated and Strongly Aligned Gas-Phase Molecules with a Free-Electron Laser
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 112:8, s. 083002-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report experimental results on x-ray diffraction of quantum-state-selected and strongly aligned ensembles of the prototypical asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile using the Linac Coherent Light Source. The experiments demonstrate first steps toward a new approach to diffractive imaging of distinct structures of individual, isolated gas-phase molecules. We confirm several key ingredients of single molecule diffraction experiments: the abilities to detect and count individual scattered x-ray photons in single shot diffraction data, to deliver state-selected, e.g., structural-isomer-selected, ensembles of molecules to the x-ray interaction volume, and to strongly align the scattering molecules. Our approach, using ultrashort x-ray pulses, is suitable to study ultrafast dynamics of isolated molecules.
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| 49. |
- Laureshyn, Aliaksei, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploration of a method to validate surrogate safety measures with a focus on vulnerable road users
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Road Safety & Simulation International Conference, 17-19 October 2017.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background. Traditional crash-based analysis of road safety at individual sites has its shortcomings due to low numbers and the random nature of crashes at individual sites and the related statistical issues, as well as the under-reporting of crashes and lack of information on contributing factors and the process preceding crashes. To get around the problem, road safety analysis based on surrogate measures of safety, i.e. not based on crashes, can be used. However, the question whether surrogate measures are valid indicators for safety remains unanswered and only a few attempts have actually been made to carry out proper large-scale validation studies. Aim. This work presents a methodological approach for a large-scale validation study of surrogate safety indicators focusing on vulnerable road users. With only one site analyzed so far, it presents the exploration of the data and of the performance of the technical tools used in the study. Method. Video-filming and consequent video analysis are used to measure the surrogate safety indicators. In the first step, the video is “condensed” using a watchdog software RUBA that selects situations with an encounter of a cyclist or pedestrian and a motor vehicle. At a later stage, the trajectories of the individual road users are produced using a semi-automated tool T-Analyst and several surrogate safety indicators are tested to set a severity score for an encounter. The performance of the surrogate indicators will be compared to the expected number of accidents at each site and availability of the data for developing a safety performance function (SPF) that is country-, manoeuvreand type of VRU-specific are explored. Results & Conclusion. From methodological perspective, limited accident data available seriously complicates building a reliable SPF (“ground truth”) against which the surrogate safety measures could be validated; some other, “indirect” methods of validation might be required. We present also the performance of the software tools and applicability of the various surrogate safety indicators that were tested.
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| 50. |
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