| 1. |
- Johnsson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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A novel feeding strategy for industrial fed-batch processes based on frequency content analysis
- 2012
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In: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-4347 .- 1871-6784. ; 29:Supplement, s. 11-11
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Overflow metabolism, i.e. the production of metabolic by-products at a high glycolytic flux, is a recurring problem in fed-batch processes with many types of microorganisms. In the current study, a novel feeding strategy aimed at avoiding process failures due to overflow by-product formation was designed and implemented in a pilot-scale reactor (0.5 m3). The basic principle behind the strategy was to analyze the effects on the dissolved oxygen concentration by periodic variations in the inlet feed rate. The frequency spectrum of the dissolved oxygen signal was used to estimate the proximity of the system to the region where overflow metabolism occurs by examining the content in the relevant frequency range. A control variable based on the measured frequency content was subsequently used to control the feed rate. The only measurement required for this strategy is the dissolved oxygen level in the broth, for which robust, fast and precise probes are widely available in industrial fermentors today. The strategy was successfully implemented in pilot-scale processes for industrial enzyme production using Bacillus licheniformis. It was shown possible to run the process close to the optimal feed rate, indicated by very low amounts of acetate (the overflow metabolite) in the broth. In comparison to a reference strategy the new control strategy resulted in over 10% higher biomass yields.
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| 2. |
- Johnsson, Ola, et al.
(author)
-
Feed rate control in fed-batch fermentations based on frequency content analysis.
- 2013
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In: Biotechnology Progress. - : Wiley. - 1520-6033 .- 8756-7938. ; 29:3, s. 817-824
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new strategy for controlling substrate feed in the exponential growth phase of aerated fed-batch fermentations is presented. The challenge in this phase is typically to maximize specific growth rate while avoiding the accumulation of overflow metabolites which can occur at high substrate feed rates. In the new strategy, regular perturbations to the feed rate are applied and the proximity to overflow metabolism is continuously assessed from the frequency spectrum of the dissolved oxygen signal. The power spectral density for the frequency of the external perturbations is used as a control variable in a controller to regulate the substrate feed. The strategy was implemented in an industrial pilot scale fermentation set up and calibrated and verified using an amylase producing Bacillus licheniformis strain. It was shown that a higher biomass yield could be obtained without excessive accumulation of harmful overflow metabolites. The general applicability of the strategy was further demonstrated by implementing the controller in another process utilizing a Bacillus licheniformis strain currently used in industrial production processes. Also in this case a higher growth rate and decreased accumulation of overflow metabolites in the exponential growth phase was achieved in comparison to the reference controller. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013.
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| 3. |
- Johnsson, Ola, et al.
(author)
-
Modelling of the oxygen level response to feed rate perturbations in an industrial scale fermentation process
- 2015
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In: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3298 .- 1359-5113. ; 50:4, s. 507-516
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study of the feasibility of perturbation-based control methods in industrial fed-batch fermentations based on experiments in industrial production scale bioreactors (>100 m(3)) is presented, as well as modelling of the relation between substrate feed rate and dissolved oxygen level in such a process. Several different types of perturbation-based control methods have been suggested for control of this type of process but it has been reported that perturbations in the feed rate may cause decreased productivity in fermentations. The results of this study show that perturbations in the feed rate of production scale fermentations can achieve significant dissolved oxygen level responses without decreased productivity. A model based on data for dissolved oxygen responses and a simulation using a simple observer are given, showing that it is possible to model industrial mixing dynamics in a simple way and that this can be used for perturbation-based on-line estimation of the metabolic state of the system in regard to overflow metabolism. A frequency region where the model can be used has been identified, indicating which frequencies would be suitable for perturbation-based control in industrial fermentations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Johnsson, Ola, et al.
(author)
-
Probing control in B. licheniformis fermentations
- 2011
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the implementation of the probing control technique in an industrially relevant fed-batch fermentation process utilizing the microorganism Bacillus lichenifor has been done in pilot-scale experiments. The aim of the work is firstly to find out whether it is posuccessfully implement probing control in B. licheniformis fermentations. Secondly, it is to find out whing control can improve process stability (defined as the ability to avoid process crashes) while achield at least as high as in the current process. In addition to presenting a successful outcome in regardaims, the paper also discusses possible process improvements and suggests a new type of probing control
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
-
Praktikfall i reglerteknik - Råspritbränneriet i Nöbbelöv
- 1998
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During spring 1998 the course Industrial Case Studies in Control was given at the Department of Automatic Control in Lund. The course consisted of a project at an industry with control applications. This report considers a project at the crude alcohol distillery in Nöbbelöv, where the base product for the liquor Absolut Vodka is produced. The distillery had problems with fluctuations in the concentration of ethanol in the crude alcohol. The purpose of the project was to analyze the cause of the fluctuations, and if possibly eliminate it. The fluctuations were cause by an output limiter on a controller, and were relatively easily eliminated. To examine if control performance could be further improved, a series of experiments was carried out on the plant. The result of the experiments were then used to derive a simple process model, and a suggestion for new controller parameters.
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| 7. |
- Bauer, Margret, et al.
(author)
-
KPIs as the interface between scheduling and control
- 2016
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In: 11th IFAC Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Process SystemsIncluding Biosystems DYCOPS-CAB 2016. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 49, s. 687-692
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The integration of scheduling and control has been discussed in the past. While constructing an integrated plant model that may still seem out of reach, scheduling and control systems are increasingly more intertwined. We argue that they are in fact already integrated and give the example of two key performance indicators (KPIs) that are defined in the recent international standard ISO 22400. The focus of this study is on KPIs that consider both planned times and actual times. An amino acid production plant is used in the study, and the production is described from both the scheduling and the control perspective. To illustrate the integration, a schedule is computed containing the planned production times. Resulting measurements from the control system are analyzed for their actual production times using a proposed procedure that detects the start and end time of batches. Using KPIs as the interface between scheduling and control can be used as a strategy for maximizing the plant performance. The study focuses on the process industry.
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| 8. |
- Bauer, Margret, et al.
(author)
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What control engineers should know about industry 4.0
- 2023
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In: InTech. - 0192-303X. ; :October 2023, s. 13-23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Control engineering is a well-established discipline with a long and prominent his-tory1. It is diverse in its applications but has a strong unifying core to it: the notion ofdynamic systems and control theory. Many engineers will have encountered it as partof their education, as control engineering courses are taught to electrical, mechanical,chemical, aerospace, and industrial engineers. Quite often, though, this is the onlytime that engineers consciously encounter the subject of control systems.While control engineering is rooted in mathematical theory and tools, Industry 4.0relies on a variety of technologies. Industry 4.0 is a new and still-evolving paradigm inwhich digitalization is expected to revolutionize industry and core technologies arestill emerging. The term was coined in 2011.
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| 9. |
- BORG, DAVID, et al.
(author)
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Expression of IFITM1 as a prognostic biomarker in resected gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma
- 2016
-
In: Biomarker research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7771. ; 4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is an increasing amount of reports on IFITM1 (interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1) in various malignancies. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of IFITM1 and its prognostic significance in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from a consecutive cohort of 174 patients surgically treated between 2006 and 2010 for gastroesophageal (gastric, gastroesophageal junction and esophageal) adenocarcinoma, not subjected to neoadjuvant therapy. Expression of IFITM1 was examined using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of primary tumors and paired samples of adjacent normal epithelium, intestinal metaplasia and lymph node metastases.RESULTS: Expression of IFITM1 was significantly elevated in primary tumors and lymph node metastases compared to adjacent normal epithelium and intestinal metaplasia, regardless of tumor location. Overexpression of IFITM1 was associated with M0-disease (no distant metastases). In gastric cancer IFITM1 expression was significantly associated with improved TTR (time to recurrence) in Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression, both in the unadjusted analysis (HR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.12-0.88) and in the adjusted analysis (HR 0.32, 95 % CI 0.12-0.87) but there was no significant impact on OS (overall survival). In esophageal adenocarcinoma expression of IFITM1 had no impact on TTR or OS in Kaplan-Meier-analyses, but in the adjusted Cox regression IFITM1 expression had a negative impact on both TTR (HR 3.05, 95 % CI 1.09-8.53) and OS (HR 2.71, 95 % CI 1.11-6.67).CONCLUSIONS: IFITM1 was overexpressed in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma and associated with M0-disease. In gastric cancer IFITM1 expression had a positive impact on TTR but in esophageal cancer it seemed to have an adverse impact on survival. The reason for the diverging prognostic impact of IFITM1 in esophageal and gastric cancer is unclear and warrants further studies.
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| 10. |
- Borg, David, et al.
(author)
-
Expression of podocalyxin-like protein is an independent prognostic biomarker in resected esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma
- 2016
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In: BMC Clinical Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6890. ; 16:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, the expression of which has been associated with poor prognosis in a range of malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PODXL expression on survival in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The study cohort consists of a consecutive series of 174 patients with esophageal (including the gastroesophageal junction) or gastric adenocarcinoma, surgically treated between 2006 and 2010 and not subjected to neoadjuvant treatment. Immunohistochemical expression of PODXL was assessed in tissue microarrays with cores from primary tumors, lymph node metastases, intestinal metaplasia and adjacent normal epithelium. Survival analyses were performed on patients with no distant metastases and no macroscopic residual tumor. Results: In the majority of cases, expression of PODXL was significantly higher in cancer cells compared to normal epithelial cells and was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and high grade tumors. In esophageal adenocarcinoma, Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that patients with PODXL negative tumors had a superior time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) compared to patients with PODXL positive tumors. In gastric adenocarcinoma, patients with PODXL negative tumors had a superior TTR and a trend towards an improved OS. In esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma combined, the prognostic significance of PODXL expression on TTR was confirmed in unadjusted Cox regression analysis (HR = 5.36, 95 % CI 1.68-17.06, p = 0.005) and remained significant in the adjusted model (HR = 3.39, 95 % CI 1.01-11.35, p = 0.048). Moreover, the impact of PODXL expression on OS was also confirmed in unadjusted analysis (HR = 2.52, 95 % CI 1.31-4.85, p = 0.006) and remained significant in the adjusted model (HR = 2.03, 95 % CI 1.04-3.98, p = 0.039). Conclusions: In esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, PODXL expression is an independent prognostic biomarker for reduced time to recurrence and poor overall survival. This is the first report on the prognostic role of PODXL in esophageal adenocarcinoma and validates recent findings in gastric cancer.
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| 11. |
- Borg, David, et al.
(author)
-
Podocalyxin-like protein as a predictive biomarker for benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma
- 2018
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In: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5876. ; 16:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We have previously shown that podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL) is a prognostic biomarker for poor survival in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma treated with surgery up-front. The aim of the present study was to assess PODXL expression in tumors from patients treated with neoadjuvant ± adjuvant (i.e. preoperative with or without postoperative) chemotherapy, with regard to histopathologic response, time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). Methods: The neoadjuvant cohort encompasses 148 consecutive patients who received neoadjuvant ± adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2014. Immunohistochemical expression of PODXL was assessed in pre-neoadjuvant biopsies, resected primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Histopathologic response was evaluated using the Chirieac grading. TTR and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. To investigate a potential predictive role for PODXL, the neoadjuvant cohort was pooled with the previously reported surgery up-front cohort. Results: The majority (> 95%) of the patients were treated with fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients with high PODXL expression in their pre-neoadjuvant biopsies had a superior histopathologic response (notably 36% with no residual cancer cells) compared to those with negative or low PODXL expression, and were all recurrence-free at last follow-up. In the pooled cohort, no benefit of chemotherapy could be shown for PODXL negative cases, whereas PODXL positive (low or high) cases had a prolonged TTR and OS when treated with neoadjuvant ± adjuvant chemotherapy compared to surgery alone. The potential predictive role of PODXL was further strengthened for TTR in Cox regression analyses, especially for patients treated with neoadjuvant fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin for a minimum of 8 weeks, with a significant interaction term in both unadjusted (p = 0.006) and adjusted (p = 0.024) analyses. The interaction term was not statistically significant for overall survival. Conclusions: Patients with resectable gastric or esophageal adenocarcinoma with high PODXL expression in their diagnostic biopsies have an excellent prognosis when treated with neoadjuvant ± adjuvant fluoropyrimidine- and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. If the suggested predictive role of PODXL for benefit of chemotherapy can be confirmed, patients with PODXL negative tumors could be spared chemotherapy and treated with surgery alone.
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| 12. |
- Cervin, Anton, et al.
(author)
-
Återkoppling mellan lärare och studenter ur ett reglertekniskt perspektiv
- 2006
-
In: 4:e Pedagogiska Inspirationskonferensen 2006. - 2003-3761 .- 2003-377X. ; 4
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Återkoppling är centralt för lärandeprocessen. Studenterna behöver få konstruktiv feedback på sina prestationer för att lärandet ska bli effektivt och lyckat. Återkoppling är även ett centralt begrepp inom reglertekniken, där man med hjälp av feedback kan få olika tekniska processer att bete sig på önskat sätt. Vi ställer oss frågan om vilka insikter man kan nå genom att analysera lärandesituationen ur ett reglertekniskt perspektiv.
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| 13. |
- Cervin, Anton, et al.
(author)
-
Återkoppling som del i lärandeprocessen
- 2006
-
In: 4:e Pedagogiska Inspirationskonferensen 2006. - 2003-3761 .- 2003-377X. ; 4
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Återkoppling är centralt för lärandeprocessen. Flera aktuella rapporter har emellertid visat att studenterna vid LTH anser sig få alldeles för lite återkoppling på sina prestationer. Artikeln diskuterar olika former och metoder för återkoppling, studenternas förväntningar på mängden återkoppling samt teori kring lärande och återkoppling.
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| 14. |
- Farias, Felix, et al.
(author)
-
Key Performance Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation of PID and APC Strategies at Manufacturing Operations Management Level in a Natural Gas Processing Unit
- 2015
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monitoring and control of proper Key Performance Indicators of plant performance have high correlation with business performance. So it is very important at plant-wide level to ensure that process control developments are being developed aligned with business strategy as Advanced Process Control projects have as ultimate goal to help achieving gains in this direction. The ISO 22400 “Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Manufacturing Operations Management” is an international standard currently under development. This new standard defines KPI as quantifiable level of achieving a critical objective derived from measurements, data and/or other key performance indicators. The common performance parameters used for assessment of PID and multivariable controllers has been discussed in literature but they don’t translate the loop performance into manufacturing operations level concepts. The Tower of stabilization is responsible for removing light components of crude oil that reaches the tabs and desalt tanks at the entrance of the plant. The operation of the tower is to ensure that the pressure of the residual steam stabilized oil output at low levels, thus decreasing its flammability and avoiding the formation of gas during storage. Due to the large number of production wells and its various operating conditions, the inlet of the plant presents high variability in terms of flow rate, composition, temperature and pressure throughout the day. In this scenario, the traditional PID control strategy does not show satisfactory performance in temperature control of the stabilization tower. This is because the PID control can not adequately handle the different feeding conditions, the high dead time inherent in the process and the adverse conditions as the arrival of PIGs. The instability of this tower leads to problems for downstream processes (as NGPUs), interfering with the profitability of the plant and the storage conditions. In this work, the advanced control strategy applied in Tower Stabilization Unit is developed and KPI for manual, PID and APC operations are determined. The advanced control employed is based on the type Predictive Process Models. Dynamic models considering supply disruptions in the tower and process response were identified. The implementation aimed to promote a low temperature variability tower, stabilizing the supply of NGPU. The predictive controller action employee can be seen in correct anticipation of control actions to prevent disturbance input promote future impact on the process conditions. It was verified that the predictive control action was effective even in extreme conditions such as PIG. These performance gains are mapped to plants KPI indexes. This paper is about selecting and using PID and APC Key Performance Indicators to help performance evaluation and comparison at plant-wide level. In this work we explain what Key Performance Indicators are suitable to use and their illustration of the impact of the new control strategies in the plant through an example of how they have been implemented in an industrial application Oil and Gas Processing Unit is presented.
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| 15. |
- Fred-Ojala, Alexander, et al.
(author)
-
The Berkeley Innovation Index: : A Quantitative Approach to Measure, Track and Forecast Innovation Capability Within Individuals and Organizations
- 2019
-
In: Mobile and Wireless Technology 2018 - International Conference on Mobile and Wireless Technology ICMWT 2018. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 1876-1119 .- 1876-1100. - 9789811310584 ; 513, s. 311-320
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Innovation and entrepreneurship are essential processes for human development, market growth, and technological breakthroughs, and it is vital for economic growth. Despite its importance, innovation is inherently difficult to measure and hence it is almost impossible for an individual or organization to know how they can improve their innovation output or claim that they are great at innovation. This paper presents a novel approach to measure and quantify innovation, called the Berkeley Innovation Index (BII). The BII characterizes and measures innovation capability of an individual or an organization. It builds on the hypothesis that innovation performance depends on the people, culture, and attitudes in an organization. With the BII, the individual mindset and the culture of a larger organization, can be measured, analyzed, evaluated, and tracked. It also enables organizations and individuals to adopt a forward-looking approach to forecast and predict future innovation capabilities. This paper presents the approach and its fundamentals, and it includes examples of how the BII has been used to track changes in innovative mindsets.
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| 16. |
- Gerber, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Towards a seamless integration between process modeling descriptions at Business and Production levels - work in progress
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0956-5515 .- 1572-8145. ; 25:5, s. 1089-1099
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To fulfill increasing requirements in the manufacturing sector, companies are faced to several challenges. Three major challenges have been identified regarding time-to-market, vertical feedback loops and level of automation. Grafchart, a graphical language aimed for supervisory control applications, can be used from the process-planning phase, through the implementation phase and all the way to the phase for execution of the process control logics, on the lower levels of the automation triangle. This work in progress is examining if the same concepts could be used on the higher levels of the automation triangle as well. By splitting the execution engine and the visualization engine of Grafchart various different visualization tools could potentially be used, however connected by the shared Grafchart semantics. Traditional Business languages (e.g. BPMN) could therefore continue to be used for the process-planning phase whereas traditional production languages (e.g. Grafchart or other SFC-like languages) could be used for the execution. Since they are connected through the semantics, advantages regarding the three identified challenges could be achieved; time-to-market could be reduced, the time delays in the vertical feedback loops could be reduced by allowing Key Performance Indicator visualization, and the level of automation could be increased.
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| 17. |
- Gerber, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Towards a seamless integration between process modeling descriptions at Business and Production levels - work in progress
- 2012
-
In: 14th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing. - 9783902661982 ; , s. 1537-1542
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To fulfill increasing requirements in the manufacturing sector, companies are faced with several challenges. Three major challenges have been identified regarding time-to-market, vertical feedback loops and level of automation. Grafchart, a graphical language aimed for supervisory control applications, can be used from the process-planning phase, through the implementation phase and all the way to the phase for execution of the process control logics, on the lower levels of the Automation triangle. Work in progress is examining if the same concepts could be used on the higher levels of the Automation triangle as well. By splitting the execution engine and the visualization engine of Grafchart various different visualization tools could potentially be used, however connected by the shared Grafchart semantics. Traditional Business languages, e.g. BPMN, could therefore continue to be used for the process-planning phase whereas traditional production languages, e.g. Grafchart or other SFC-like languages, could be used for the execution. Since they are connected through the semantics, advantages regarding the three identified challenges could be achieved; time-to-market could be reduced, the time delays in the vertical feedback loops could be reduced by allowing KPI visualization, and the level of automation could be increased.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
A Graphical Language for Batch Control
- 1999
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis a graphical language for sequential control is presented and its application to batch control is examined and discussed. The name of the language is Grafchart. Its main feature is that it makes it possible to express complicated control problems in a compact and intuitive manner.Grafchart exists in two versions; a basic version and a high-level version. The basic version was available when the work presented in this thesis started. The basic version of Grafchart is mainly based on Grafcet, i.e., it has a clear and intuitive syntax. In addition to this it has support for parameterization and methods and message passing as well as extended facilities for exception handling. The high-level version of Grafchart takes the concepts of the basic version one step further. The concepts of object tokens and multi-dimensional charts are introduced. These features are inspired by high-level Petri nets and constructs from object-oriented programming languages.The main application area of Grafchart is batch control. In the thesis it is shown how Grafchart can be used for recipe structuring and recipe analysis. By using the features of Grafchart in various ways, recipes can be given different structures with different advantages and disadvantages. All structures comply with the international batch standard IEC 61512 (also refered to as ISA S88.01). To test and evaluate the different recipe structures, a real-time batch plant simulation platform was used. The batch recipe structures can be combined with resource allocation and a visualization of the allocation is thereby achieved. By transforming the recipes into an equivalent Petri net structure, formal analysis methods that exist for Petri nets can be used to look for possible deadlock situations.Several commercial batch control systems exist today. They all have a similar approach to recipe structuring, resource allocation and user presentation. The advantages of using Grafchart compared to some of these systems, regarding these features are presented in the thesis. A toolbox implementation of Grafchart exists. It is implemented in G2, an object-oriented programming environment. G2 is also an industrial environment, this makes the toolbox and the results of this thesis directly usable in industry.
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| 22. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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A Student-Centered Approach and Mindset-Focused Pedagogical Approach for Entrepreneurship and Leadership
- 2016
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In: Applied Innovation Review. ; :2, s. 57-63
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ease and abundance of knowledge acquisition that is unparalleled in history, renders knowledge transition and practicing of skills in education insufficient. The importance of personal reflection and identity, i.e. the individual’s mindset, is increasingly important. Re-thinking educational approaches, to entrepreneurship and leadership in particular, is important since they are activities for which perfect information cannot be gathered.This paper introduces a new pedagogical approach that we will refer to as the MIND methodology, which incorporates aspects of the individual’s mindset. The novel pedagogical approach includes four building blocks; theory practice, mindset and engagement-and-networking. The MIND-methodology is based on accepted pedagogical theories and known psychological aspects: social learning, communities of practice, and fixed and growth mindset.The novelty of the methodology lies in its clear student-centered approach and its focus on the student’s mindset. The methodology has been used in ongoing education in entrepreneurship and leadership over the course of about 10 years, and is gradually evolving. The results from applying the methodology show promising results for the main stakeholders; students and future employees. Students’ ranking years after graduation is unusually high and reveal that the curricula has provided life-long learning, the mindset activities are valued the most, and salaries and salary-increases provided by their eventual employers indicate that the students possess qualities sought after in today’s labor market.
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| 23. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Applying ISA 95 - a vendor perspective
- 2004
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In: [Host publication title missing]. - 1556178956
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The SIMATIC IT family of products from SIEMENS A&D AS MES, addresses the MES (Manufacturing Execution System) market. One of the products is explicitly aimed for manufacturing execution management.The ISA 95 standard is of highest relevance for products targeting this market since the standard addresses the Manufacturing Operations domain as well as its integration with the Business systems domain.The MES market was identified in the late 80-ies and for quite some years, this was undiscovered and virgin territory. Entering, as a vendor, in this new an unexploited market can be tough. The launch of a good product is required in order to be successful, however, launching a good product that is in line with the newest and hottest standards promises for an even more successful start.The paper presents and discusses – in a vendor neutral way - how a standard can be used from a vendor’s perspective and it lists some of the benefits recognized when applying a standard to a product.
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| 24. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Batch Management in the Supply Chain
- 2002
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Batch management systems are traditionally composed of two subparts, one assuring the creation and configuration of the recipes, and the other assuring the execution of the recipes, i.e., driving the equipments to make a product. By reducing the total time needed for producing a product, the market can be reached quicker and more money can (hopefully) be earned. Time to market is an important key competitive performance indicator. So, how can time to market be reduced? The execution part of the batch management system must obviously work efficiently, but this alone will not be enough. Personnel, materials, scheduling and maintenance information sent from the ERP system must also be managed in an efficient way. The problem is that traditional batch management systems are not intended to or capable of handling this information. Neither are they intended to handle information concerning warehouses, packaging or material receiving. Rather than extending the batch management system beyond its core role, the importance of the MES system and its capabilities should be stressed. An approach based on the ideas and models presented in ISA S95 is believed to be successful. Dedicated cross industry components manage the functions that are decidedly non-batch. Similar to a traditional batch management system that coordinates and synchronizes the recipe execution, a MES system should do the same for the functions of the components. Applying this approach, the batch management system can truly work in the context of the supply chain!!!
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| 25. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Batch Processing in a Wider Perspective
- 2001
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the “new economy” comes new requirements on all manufacturing and processing activities, including batch processing. The entire chain of activities – from order placement to delivery – must work seamlessly. This implies that batch processing must be dealt with in a wider concept. In batch systems of today there are generally no means for synchronization or coordination of activities outside the scope of the batch. The solution presented in this paper is to have a flexible but yet structured component-based system where the batch-processing system will constitute one part – nevertheless an important part - of the entire system. The entire system corresponds to a MES system, which can be structured according to the standard ISA S95. A framework is used to synchronize and coordinate the activities of the different components. The execution of a batch is handled by the batch-execution-component, which is S88 compliant. The batch execution component can be synchronized with other components at the stop and start of a batch but also during the execution in a sequential or parallel way. Examples are given in the paper. The benefits of this approach are vital in the “new economy”, where quicker “time-to-market” and “production-agility” become even more important. A system with well designed components and a flexible and user-friendly framework will shorten the project design time, the project implementation time, and the required time for introducing a new product on the market. By having a well-organized MES system in which the execution of the different cells can be synchronized, the production capacity of the area can increase.
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| 26. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Batch Recipe Structuring using High-Level Grafchart
- 1996
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents how object-oriented sequential function charts can be used to implement a batch control recipe management system. Grafchart, a toolbox based on Grafcet, object-oriented programming ideas and High-level Petri nets, is presented. It is shown how the concepts of H-L Grafchart fit the models defined in the forthcoming ISA batch control standard SP88. A simulated batch process cell scenario is presented together with alternative ways of representing control recipes.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Communication through B2MML - is that possible?
- 2004
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In: 2004 WBF Annual Conference, World Batch Forum.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many of you have certainly heard about the ISA S95 standard, and you know that it treats the subject of how Enterprise/business systems such as e.g., SAP, Baan, Movex etc should be integrated with manufacturing and control systems You might also be aware that of B2MML (Business to Manufacturing Markup Language), a set of XML schemas corresponding to the S95 object models. B2MML is intended to be used for data exchange between a business system and a manufacturing system.This paper describes experiences of using the B2MML schemas in real applications. What happens if the Business system does not export the data in a format compliant with the schemas? What about security for the data being exchanged? Were extensions or restrictions needed on the schemas? Which are the reasons for choosing to use B2MML? Is it practically possible to communicate using B2MML? Benefits, difficulties, compromises, challenges etc of using the B2MML schemas in practical applications will be described in the paper.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Extended Flipped Classroom - using peer dynamics for integrative learning
- 2017
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In: Innovative Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. - 9781911450085 ; , s. 165-177
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Extended Flipped Classroom (EFC) concept was developed for and applied to a selected group of students studying at the Technology Management programme, a cross-disciplinary master programme at Lund University, Sweden, in 2014. The main driving force for its development was a strong believe that the university can provide the students with, not only knowledge in various subject fields, but also, and equally important, a positive attitude to lifelong learning, an understanding of learning in the coming work-life, and the insight that their own role in the learning situation has an important impact on the outcome. To be able to explicitly include these aspects in the master programme, the concept of Extended Flipped Classroom was developed, and used in the course Technology Strategies and Structures (TSS). The three main components behind the concept are; flipped classroom, subject field integration, and peer learning. These imply that the students must work through the material together with peers prior to an instructor led classroom lecture, a situation that mimics how learning is done in many work-life situations where teamwork is a common way of working. The students should also analyze and understand how various subjects are interrelated. This mimics real life learning situations in which subjects are rarely encountered as separate entities but rather appears integrated and in a context. Getting an understanding of the whole picture is complementary to understanding the parts. In addition, the students will learn to listen to each other and see each other as resources of knowledge and information, and, vice versa, start to be aware of their own role as contributors in a learning situation. Altogether, EFC with its three components exposes the students to an innovative and new teaching and learning situation that will enhance their learning and practice their life-long learning skills. This paper presents the Extended Flipped Classroom (EFC) concept; its context (Chapter 2), its content (Chapter 3), takeaways (Chapter 4), as well as a method for applying it to a course (Chapter 5).
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| 33. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Fostering Automatic Control Students to Become Innovators
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, 2014. - 1474-6670. - 9783902823625 ; , s. 12255-12260
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Today, innovation is a key word for many universities, as it constitutes an important part of most universities’ public and scientific outreach task. Many universities are striving to increase the number of innovations generated at the university. A common method is to provide various support for research projects e.g.; providing researchers with information about international patent rights (IPR), offering administrative or financial help concerning patent applications, giving entrepreneurship and start-up support, etc. However, fostering innovators and entrepreneurs can start already in undergraduate/graduate courses, i.e. long before a student potentially reaches the research level. We believe that key factors for success in this matter are diversity and freedom. A course that strives to promote innovation capability must allow for students with different backgrounds and different curricula to meet and work together, and must allow for students to freely use their current knowledge within new contexts. This is generally not a setting provided in traditional undergraduate/graduate courses. This article describes the execution and outcome of an graduate course “international Market-Driven Engineering (iMDE)” in which diversity and freedom are key factors. The course is international and multi-disciplinary in terms of students, teachers and subjects. Graduate students with prior knowledge in automatic control constitute one important part of the course population. We believe that the diversity amongst the students, and their freedom when it comes to both innovation process and product, provides a promising platform in which seeds of ideas can grow into conceptual prototypes that build a solid foundation for full-scale innovations. On of the iMDE- projects, the Elderly Accessible Chair, or EA Chair, with its automated scanning and automatic seat- provider functionality, is one concrete example of this.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Grafchart and Batch Recipe Structures
- 1999
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents how Grafchart can be used to implement batch recipe structures. Grafchart, a toolbox based on Grafcet/SFC, object-oriented programming constructs and ideas from high-level Petri nets, is presented in the paper. Grafchart exists in two versions, one basic version and one high-level version. By using the different features of Grafchart in various ways, recipes can be given different structures with different advantages and disadvantages. All structures comply with the batch standard ISA S88.01. In the paper four substantially different recipe structures are presented and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. It is also shown how resource allocation can be handled.
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| 36. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Grafchart and Batch Recipe Structures
- 1998
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents how Grafchart can be used to implement batch recipe structures. Grafchart, a toolbox based on Grafcet/SFC, object-oriented programming constructs and ideas from high-level Petri nets, is presented in the paper. Grafchart exists in two versions, one basic version and one high-level version. By using the different features of Grafchart in various ways, recipes can be given different structures with different advantages and disadvantages. All structures comply with the batch standard ISA S88.01. In the paper four substantially different recipe structures are presented and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed. It is also shown how resource allocation can be handled. This paper is an independent sequel to the paper "Object-oriented SFC and ISA S88.01 recipes" presented at WBF'96. This paper is an independent sequel to the paper "Object-oriented SFC and ISA S88.01 recipes" presented at WBF'96.
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| 37. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Grafchart and Grafcet: A Comparison Between two Graphical Languages Aimed for Sequential Control Applications
- 1999
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In: [Host publication title missing]. ; A, s. 19-24
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper compares the language Grafcet with the language Grafchart. Both are graphical languages aimed for sequential control applications. Grafcet is aimed for specification of controller structures, i.e., for local level control applications. Grafchart is based on Grafcet, Petri nets and ideas from objectoriented programming and it can be used for any sequential control application, both applications on a local level and on a supervisory level. In addition to this, applications structured with Grafchart can be analyzed with respect to, e.g., deadlock situations, this is thanks to its foundation in Petri nets. In this paper, the similarities and the differences that exit between Grafcet and Grafchart are clarified and discussed.
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| 38. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Grafchart and its relations to Grafcet and Petri nets
- 1998
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents Grafchart, a graphical programming language for sequential control applications. Grafcahrt has been influenced by Grafcet/SFC and Petri nets. In the paper the relations between Grafchart and Grafcet/SFC and between Grafcahrt and Petri nets are presented and discussed.
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| 39. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Grafchart Applications
- 1998
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An overview of Grafchart, a graphical language for sequential control applications is given. Grafchart is based on Grafcet/SFC to which it adds concepts from high-level Petri nets, Statecharts and object-oriented programming. Applications of Grafchart in batch control, alarm filtering, decision support, and FMS are briefly presented.
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| 40. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Grafchart for Recipe-Based Batch Control
- 1998
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In: Computers and Chemical Engineering. ; 22:12, s. 1811-1828
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper presents how Grafchart, a toolbox based on Grafcet, object-oriented programming ideas and high-level Petri nets, can be used to implement a batch control recipe execution and recipe representation system,. A brief overview of Grafchart is given and it is shown how its concepts fit the models defined in the recent ISA batch control standard S88.01. A simulated batch process cell scenario is presented together with several alternative ways of representing batch recipes.
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| 41. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Graphical Languages for Business Processes and Manufacturing Operations
- 2008
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present trends, similarities and differences in the usage of graphical languages at the level of Process Control, manufacturing Operations and Business Systems. The paper also gives ideas of how a common language could be used to increase the integration between the three levels and what advantages this could bring to its user.
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| 42. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Graphical Languages for Enterprise Control
- 2010
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In: New Trends in Technologies: Control, Management, Computational Intelligence and Network Systems. - 9789533072135
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 43. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Graphical Languages for Manufacturing Operations
- 2008
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The international standard IEC 62264, also known as ISA95, deals with Enterprise-Control System integration and Manufacturing Operations Management. The standard contains, among other things, a description of what Manufacturing Operations means. The description states that The activities of manufacturing operations management are those activities of a manufacturing facility that coordinate the personnel, equipment, material, and energy in the conversion of raw materials and/or parts into products. Manufacturing operations management includes activities that may be performed by physical equipment, human effort, and information systems. A model for the activities involved in Manufacturing Operations is presented in the standard. As global competition in manufacturing has increased, trends within industry have been to increase the level and amount of control and automation. This means that the activities involved in the manufacturing operations management needs to be well synchronized, coordinated and integrated with each other. This can be assured via different means, for example by the usage of a graphical language. The graphical language lets the user specify what activities that should be performed and in what order etc. Even though the standard presents a model for the activities involved in Manufacturing Operations it does not speak about how the synchronization and coordination between the activities should be done. This paper will describe why a graphical language would be suitable for this task, what requirements the graphical language should fulfill in order to be successful, and what advantages this could bring to its user
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
High-Level Grafcet and Batch Control
- 1994
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The application of Grafcet to supervisory control applications with special emphasis on batch control is described. Grafchart, a Grafcet based G2 toolbox is presented. An industrial application where it is currently used on-line is described. High-Level Grafcahrt is an extension of Grafchart that is based on High-Level Petri nets and Object-Oriented Programming. It increases the parameterisation and structuring possibilities of Grafchart. The SP88 draft batch control standard is shown to be well suited for representation by High-Level Grafchart.
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| 46. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
Historical female influencers in automatic control
- 2023
-
In: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). - 2405-8963. ; 56:2, s. 4693-4698
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the last century, many women have contributed to the field of control engineering. Nevertheless, women are generally in the minority. This article highlights the contribution of women since the inception of control engineering to highlight good exemples to coming generations. A repository of portraits of women in control engineering is currently being curated and made available through the university of Lund website. The main purpose is to provide role models for future generations of control engineers. This article describes the need for role models as a means to change the situation and attract more women to control engineering in the future. Two portraits in the repository – those of Irmgard Flügge-Lotz and Nina Thornhill – are presented here. Ideas on how to use this resource are provided.
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| 47. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Implementation Strategy for an EBR-Solution
- 2009
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last decades, the level of automation has constantly increased in all types of manufacturing processes; discrete, continuous and batch. In addition to already existing automation systems, new and/or updated ones are being introduced at many production sites, e.g., various types of MES-systems. Today, the companies’ challenge is no longer to find the relevant automation/MES system, but rather to coordinate and synchronize all the various systems that they have. This was exactly the challenge that a pharmaceutical company was facing. The company wanted to introduce yet another automation/MES system, in this case an EBR-system (Electronic Batch Record system). Within their production site, there were several areas and process cells. Each process cell had a different set of automation and MES systems already in use, some older and some newer ones, implying that the integration effort was going to vary between the process cells. Each process cell also produced its own set of products with different volumes and volume trends, and the standard of units in the various process cells were very different. The company was seeking an implementation strategy indicating the realtive order among the process cells for introducing the EBR system, i.e., which process cell is most suitable for an EBR-introduction? Four selection criterias were used; product criteria, equipement criteria, economic criteria and risk criteria. By evalutaing these four criterias a suitable implementation strategy could be found. This paper presents the implementation strategy and the selection criterias along with some metrics for evaluating the benefits and/or detriments of the implementation . The complete work was performed as a master thesis project during a time period of 20 weeks, and under supervision of representatives from the company and from the university.
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| 48. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
ISA 95 - how and where can it be applied?
- 2004
-
In: ISA Expo 2004: Technical Conference And Emerging Technologies Conference. - 1556178956
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many of you have certainly heard about the ISA 95 standard, and you know that it treats the subject of how Enterprise systems should be integrated with manufacturing and control systems, but do you know how and where it can be applied?Almost anyone, in some way connected to the control, automation and manufacturing operations field can benefit from knowing its content; vendors, end-users as well as integrators, technicians, operators as well as managers and CEOs.This paper will shortly present the ISA 95 standard and describe the benefits of knowing and applying it for different categories of people.
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| 49. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
-
ISA 95 – The vendor, end-user, academic and consultant perspective
- 2005
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ISA 95 standard has started to have a major impact on manufacturing systems, being used for ERP to MES integration, MES specification, and MES-LIMS-WEC-CMM integration. It is being rapidly embraced by users, vendors, and consultants as a model for Level 3 manufacturing systems. This paper presents each of the ISA 95 standards as seen by the different users. End Users have a different perspective of the standards, such as where they apply them and where they want to see them grow. Vendors are using the standards in defining their roadmaps and in marketing activities. Consultants are using the standards to simplify projects and reduce their risk. This paper will present each of these users views of what parts of the standards are important and which areas need to be extended.
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| 50. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta
(author)
-
Key Performance indicators used as measurement parameter for plant-wide feedback loops - work in progress
- 2014
-
In: [Host publication title missing]. - 1868-4238. ; 440, s. 91-99
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Feedback is a fundamental concept in automatic control. Feedback loops are used extensively in industrial applications today and there are work-procedures for designing traditional single parameter control loops. In the work procedure it is important to select control-parameters, manipulated parameters and control-strategies. A similar work-procedure could also be used for designing plant-wide control feedback loops. Key performance Indicators is thus an important concept since they can be used as control-parameters. In this paper an analogy between the single-loop and plant-wide approach is discussed, and key performance indicators from the new international standard ISO 22400 are presented.
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