| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Laarz, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Colloidal processing of Al2O3-based composites reinforced with TiN and TiC particulates, whiskers and nanoparticles
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Ceramic Society. - 0955-2219 .- 1873-619X. ; 21:8, s. 1027-1035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A colloidal processing route has been developed for the preparation of dense and homogeneous Al2O3–TiN/TiC composites. The dispersion and rheological properties of mixtures of TiN or TiC particulates and Al2O3 particles were investigated using electrokinetics and steady-shear rheology. We found that well-dispersed aqueous suspensions with low viscosity could be prepared by adding a poly(acrylic acid) dispersant and controlling pH in the alkaline range. This processing scheme was also suitable for preparation of whisker and nanoparticle composite suspensions. The alumina-based composite suspensions with a secondary-phase concentration of 25 vol.% were freeze-granulated and hot-pressed, and the resulting bodies were fully densified with well-dispersed secondary phases. Homogeneous Al2O3–TiN nanoparticle composites could only be prepared with additions of up to 5 vol.% nanoparticles; higher additions resulted in agglomeration and subsequent grain growth of the nanoparticles.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence
- 2003
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Ingår i: Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. An Evidence-Based Review. - 9783527306824 - 352730682X ; , s. 4-4
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Mats, 1970-
(författare)
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Preparation and characterisation of refractory whiskers and selected alumina composites
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A whisker is a common name of single crystalline inorganic fibre of small dimensions, typically 0.5-1 μm in diameter and 20-50 μm in length. Whiskers are mainly used as reinforcement of ceramics. This work describes the synthesis and characterisation of new whisker types. Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x, TiB2, B4C, and LaxCe1-xB6 have been prepared by carbothermal vapour–liquid–solid (CTR-VLS) growth mechanisms in the temperature range 900-1800°C, in argon or nitrogen. Generally, carbon and different suitable oxides were used as whisker precursors. The oxides reacted via a carbothermal reduction process. A halogenide salt was added to form gaseous metal halogenides or oxohalogenides and small amount of a transition metal was added to catalyse the whisker growth. In this mechanism, the whisker constituents are dissolved into the catalyst, in liquid phase, which becomes supersaturated. Then a whisker could nucleate and grow out under continuous feed of constituents. The syntheses of TiC, TiB2, and B4C were followed at ordinary synthesis conditions by means of mass spectrometry (MS), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and quenching. The main reaction starting temperatures and reaction time for the different mixtures was revealed, and it was found that the temperature inside the crucible during the reactions was up to 100°C below the furnace set-point, due to endothermic nature of the reactions. Quench experiments showed that whiskers were formed already when reaching the temperature plateau, but the yield increased fast with the holding time and reached a maximum after about 20-30 minutes. Growth models for whisker formation have been proposed.Alumina based composites reinforced by (2-5 vol.%) TiCnano and TiNnano and 25 vol.% of carbide, and boride phases (whiskers and particulates of TiC, TiN, TaC, NbC, (Ti,Ta)C, (Ti,Ta,Nb)C, SiC, TiB2 and B4C) have been prepared by a developed aqueous colloidal processing route followed by hot pressing for 90 min at 1700°C, 28 MPa or SPS sintering for 5 minutes at 1200-1600°C and 75 MPa. Vickers indentation measurements showed that the lowest possible sintering temperature is to prefer from mechanical properties point of view. In the TiNnano composites the fracture mode was typically intergranular, while it was transgranular in the SiCnano composites. The whisker and particulate composites have been compared in terms of e.g. microstructure and mechanical properties. Generally, additions of whiskers yielded higher fracture toughness compared to particulates. Composites of commercially available SiC whiskers showed best mechanical properties with a low spread but all the other whisker phases, especially TiB2, exhibited a great potential as reinforcement materials.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of LaxCe1-xB6 whiskers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 40:11, s. 2991-2994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- El Jamal, Sawsan, et al.
(författare)
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On the Stability of Uranium Carbide in Aqueous Solution-Effects of HCO3- and H2O2
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 6:37, s. 24289-24295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uranium carbide (UC) is a candidate fuel material for future Generation IV nuclear reactors. As part of a general safety assessment, it is important to understand how fuel materials behave in aqueous systems in the event of accidents or upon complete barrier failure in a geological repository for spent nuclear fuel. As irradiated nuclear fuel is radioactive, it is important to consider radiolysis of water as a process where strongly oxidizing species can be produced. These species may display high reactivity toward the fuel itself and thereby influence its integrity. The most important radiolytic oxidant under repository conditions has been shown to be H2O2. In this work, we have studied the dissolution of uranium upon exposure of UC powder to aqueous solutions containing HCO3- and H2O2, separately and in combination. The experiments show that UC dissolves quite readily in aqueous solution containing 10 mM HCO3- and that the presence of H2O2 increases the dissolution further. UC also dissolves in pure water after the addition of H2O2, but more slowly than in solutions containing both HCO3- and H2O2. The experimental results are discussed in view of possible mechanisms.
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| 11. |
- El Jamal, Sawsan
(författare)
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Stability of Alternative Nuclear Fuel Materials in Aqueous Systems
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nuclear power produces a large portion of the electricity worldwide. It has been the largest low-carbon energy source for more than 30 years and has played an essential role in the security of energy supplies for many countries. However, despite its advantages, its future is unknown mainly because of accidents that can happen under reactor operation and the high radioactivity of the fuel after use. Therefore, Generation IV nuclear power has been introduced as it promises a sustainable and economical way of producing energy and reduces some of the risks observed in current reactors. UC and UN have advantageous properties compared to conventional UO2-based fuel which makes them promising fuel candidates for Generation IV nuclear reactors. Even though the fuel for Generation IV reactors is planned to be reprocessed, unexpected political decisions may change these plans, and the used fuel could end up in a geological repository. Therefore, the behavior of these new fuel materials must be understood in accident scenarios in reactors as well as under deep geological repository conditions. The radioactivity of the used fuel will induce radiolysis of water that comes in contact with it. This will lead to oxidative dissolution of the fuel and this is one of the potential routes for radionuclide release in the environment.In the first part of this thesis, UC and UN have been investigated in aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions, and under the influence of external γ-radiation and H2O2, the latter mimicking the impact of α-radiolysis. The hydrolysis of these materials in aqueous systems resulted in matrix dissolution which is not observed for UO2. The oxidative dissolution induced by H2O2 is more prominent than hydrolysis in water with or without added HCO3- where higher concentrations of dissolved uranium can be detected. In addition, the differences in reactivity are discussed for these materials and H2O2 is most reactive towards UN followed by UC and finally UO2, yet the dissolution yield is the lowest for UN. The change in UC and UN behavior with consecutive exposure to H2O2 was attributed to a change in surface reactivity where catalytic decomposition of H2O2 becomes possible. As it was observed for H2O2 additions, radiation induced oxidative dissolution also dominates over hydrolysis. Unexpectedly high concentrations of H2O2 were observed in the irradiated systems. This was found to be due to formation of nano-particulate studtite that could not be separated from the solutions samples by filtration. Hence, it turned out to be impossible to determine the free U(VI) and H2O2 concentrations in these systems.Finally, the stability of pure and ZrN containing UN pellet fragments was investigated in aqueous system under external γ-radiation or H2O2 exposure. The behavior of these pellet fragments was similar to the UN powder where the dissolution of uranium was enhanced under oxidizing conditions if compared with anoxic conditions (hydrolysis). Consecutive exposures of UN pellet fragments to H2O2 showed a change in surface reactivity. This change is attributed to the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of UN, as UO2 is less reactive towards H2O2 and UO2 pellets display lower dissolution yields than UN pellets. In addition, the impact of ZrN as a stabilizing additive to UN pellets was studied. The addition of ZrN to UN is expected to stabilize the UN matrix and thus render a more accident tolerant fuel. Interestingly, it was shown that under oxidizing conditions, ZrN did not have a significant impact on the stability of UN pellets in aqueous systems
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Enblom, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radiotherapy-induced Emesis in Patients Treated with Acupuncture, Sham Acupuncture or Standard Care : Effects of Unspecific Acupuncture Mechanisms
- 2010
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: It is not known if acupuncture or sham reduces radiotherapy-induced emesis more than standard care. Methods: Cancer patients were randomized to verum (skin penetrating) acupuncture (n = 109) in the alleged antiemetic acupuncture point PC6 or sham acupuncture (n = 106) performed with a telescopic nonpenetrating needle at a sham point during the whole radiotherapy period. The verum and sham treated patients were compared to a reference cohort receiving standard care only (n = 62). All patients received radiotherapy over abdominal or pelvic regions. The occurrence of emesis in each group was compared using replies documented in questionnaires after a mean dose of 27 Gray. Findings: Nausea (p=0.001) and vomiting were experienced during the preceding week by 37 and 7%, respectively, in the verum group, 38 and 7% in the sham group and 63 and 15% in the standard care group. The nausea intensity in the acupuncture cohort was lower (78% no nausea, 13% a little, 8% moderate, 1% much) compared to the standard care cohort (52% no nausea, 32% a little, 15% moderate, 2% much) (p=0.002). Almost all the verum and sham treated patients (95%) expected antiemetic effects from their treatment. Patients who expected nausea had increased risk for nausea compared to patients who expected low risk for nausea (relative risk 1.6; 95 % confidence interval 1.2-2.4). Interpretations: Both verum acupuncture and nonpenetrating sham acupuncture seem to reduce nausea and vomiting during radiotherapy, possibly by psychobiological mechanisms related to the extra care and expectancy.
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| 14. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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The need for new application specific interface elements
- 1993
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Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics 19B, Human Computer Interaction. ; , s. 15-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of user interfaces for skilled workers in professional work settings should be based on style guides that certify efficiency. Most of today's style guides and design guidelines overemphasise general aspects or aspects relevant to novices. To increase efficiency both of the design process and of the resulting interface, more domain specific interface elements should be used. This paper explains the basic ideas of such domain specific style guides and gives some examples from the health care domain.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Abbasi, Maisam, et al.
(författare)
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Themes and challenges in making urban freight distribution sustainable
- 2012
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Ingår i: NOFOMA 2012 - Proceedings of the 24th Annual Nordic Logistics Research Network Conference. - 9789522492043 ; , s. 21-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedPurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore and classify themes and challenges in making urban freight distribution sustainable.Design/methodology/approachThe study has a cross sectional design which started by a narrative literature review and analysis of a sample of related literature (like peer-reviewed articles and EU (European Union) documents). It ended with complementary discussion and recommendation for tackling the challenges.FindingsThe results of the study illustrate eight and seven emerged categories of themes and challenges, respectively. It is concluded that there is great need for a packet of mixed strategies as well as a more holistic perspective where all actors together analyse and design future set-ups and operation of urban freight distribution. Such a holistic view is essential in order to: understand how different actors of the chain look upon sustainable urban freight distribution, avoid sub-optimal policies/governing rules, and suggest close-to-reality solutions for tackling the challenges.Research limitations/implicationsFreight distribution in urban areas is the main focus of this article. In addition, the study is demarcated to eco/environmental aspect of sustainability although it is impossible to completely exclude its interaction with economic and social aspects.Practical implicationsThe results offered in this paper provide a systematic structure for classifying issues related to sustainable urban freight distribution; something which will be beneficial for managers and policy-makers when they approach sustainable supply chain management challenges.Originality/valueThis study provides a synthesized classification of themes and challenges which can guide researchers, industries, authorities, and policy-makers in future sustainability efforts.
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| 17. |
- Ahmed, Taha, 1984-
(författare)
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Nanostructured ZnO and metal chalcogenide films for solar photocatalysis
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing demand for clean energy and safe water resources has driven the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. Among these technologies, photocatalysis using semiconducting materials has emerged as a promising solution for both solar hydrogen generation and water purification. Low-dimensional ZnO, including nanorods, nanoparticles, and quantum confined particles (so called quantum dots), has demonstrated excellent photocatalytic properties due to their large surface area, high electron mobility, and tunable band gap.The work in this thesis aims to investigate the potential of low-dimensional ZnO alone and in combination with CdS and Fe2O3 for solar hydrogen generation and photocatalytic water purification. The thesis includes a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis, characterization, and optimization of low-dimensional ZnO-based photocatalyst systems for solar hydrogen generation and photocatalytic water purification. Additionally, the thesis will evaluate the performance of the ZnO-based photocatalysts under different experimental conditions, either as photoelectrodes or as distributed particle systems for water purification. The work includes detailed size control of ZnO by itself in dimensions below 10 nm using a hydrothermal method, to provide an increased total surface area and introduce quantum confinement effects that increase the band gap to enable degradation of chemical bonds in a model pollutant in a distributed system for water purification. The work also includes a relatively detailed study of the phonon–phonon and electron–phonon coupling as a function of dimension from 10 nm to 150 nm for ZnO using non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopy. Ultimately, the thesis aims to provide insight into the potential of low-dimensional ZnO alone and in combination with other inorganic materials for solar hydrogen generation and photocatalytic water purification and pave the way for the development of efficient and sustainable technologies for clean energy and safe water resources.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ali, Sk Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Antimony oxofluorides - a synthesis concept that yields phase pure samples and single crystals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 45:30, s. 12167-12173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single crystals of the new isostructural compounds Sb3O4F and Y0.5Sb2.5O4F and the two previously known compounds M-SbOF and alpha-Sb3O2F5 were successfully grown by a hydrothermal technique at 230 degrees C. The new compound Sb3O4F crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c: a = 5.6107(5) angstrom, b = 4.6847(5) angstrom, c = 20.2256(18) angstrom, p = 94.145(8)degrees, z = 4. The replacing part of Sb with Y means a slight increase in the unit cell dimensions. The compounds M-SbOF and alpha-Sb3O2F5 have not been grown as single crystals before and it can be concluded that hydrothermal synthesis has proved to be a suitable technique for growing single crystals of antimony oxofluorides because of the relatively low solubility of such compounds compared to other antimony oxohalides that most often have been synthesised at high temperatures by solid state reactions or gas-solid reactions.
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| 20. |
- Ali, Sk Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal Structure of the Disordered Non-Centrosymmetric Compound Fe0.43Mo2.56SbO9.5
- 2019
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Ingår i: Crystals. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4352. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single crystals of Fe0.43Mo2.56SbO9.5 were obtained by hydrothermal techniques at 230 degrees C. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group Pc with unit cell parameters a = 4.0003(2) angstrom, b = 7.3355(3) angstrom, c = 12.6985(6) angstrom, = 90 degrees. The crystal structure comprises five crystallographically independent M atoms and one Sb3+ atom, M atoms are of two kinds of partially occupied sites Mo6+ and Fe3+. The building blocks consist of [SbO3O0.5O0.5E] octahedra (E = lone electron pair) and [(Mo/Fe)O-6] octahedra. The M = (Mo, Fe) and O atoms are arranged in a distorted hexagonal 2D-net, not the Sb atoms. The distortion of the net and consequently the symmetry reduction results mainly from the location of the Sb atoms. Disorder manifests itself as a splitting of the metal sites and as a consequent shortening of the Mo-Fe distances. Six (Mo/Fe)O-6 octahedra are connected to form a pseudohexagonal channel. The Sb3+ atom is displaced from the pseudo-six-fold axis.
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| 21. |
- Ali, Sk Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Characterization of the Quaternary Oxide CoMo2Sb2O10
- 2016
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 55:21, s. 11490-11496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new quaternary layered oxide CoMo2Sb2O10 was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis techniques, and its structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. CoMo2Sb2O10 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with one Sb3+, Mo6+, and Co2+ atom site per unit cell, respectively. The crystal structure contains building units consisting of [Co2O8](n), [Mo2O8](n), and [SbO2](n) chains. These are connected through corner sharing to form charge neutral [CoMo2Sb2O10](n) layers. Thermal decomposition of CoMo2Sb2O10 starts at 550 degrees C. The magnetic susceptibility follows a Curie Weiss law above 50 K with a Curie constant of C = 3.46 emu K mol(-1) corresponding to an effective moment of mu(eff) = 5.26 mu(B) per cobalt atom and a Curie-Weiss temperature theta = -13.2 K. Short-range anti-ferromagnetic ordering dominates below 5 K. Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity data can be successfully modeled by the predictions from an Ising linear chain with an intrachain spin exchange of ca. -7.8 K.
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| 22. |
- Ali, Sk Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of the Ternary Oxofluoride Fe3Sb4O6F6
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-1948 .- 1099-0682. ; 2020:39, s. 3746-3752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new compound Fe(3)Sb(4)O(6)F(6)was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and its crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The synthesis was made under slightly basic conditions to prevent oxidation of Fe(2+)to Fe3+. The compound crystallizes in the cubic space groupI-43mwith separate crystallographic sites for Fe(2+)and Sb3+. Fe(3)Sb(4)O(6)F(6)is isostructural with M3Sb4O6F6(M = Co, Ni, Zn). The crystal structure is comprising distorted [FeO2F4] octahedra connected via corner sharing at F-atoms and [SbO3] trigonal pyramids that form [Sb4O6] units that connect via O-atoms to the Fe-atoms. Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements on the hydrothermal synthesis products prove the majority phase contains Fe in the oxidation state +2. Powder X-ray diffraction suggests that an additional phase of the Mossbauer sample containing Fe(3+)can be attributed to FeSbO(2)F(2)as secondary phase. Fe(3)Sb(4)O(6)F(6)exhibits antiferromagnetic order below ca. 72 K succeeded by a second magnetic phase transition at ca. 30 K. Strong antiferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction is attributed to 180 degrees Fe-F-Fe superexchange pathways identified in the crystal structure.
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| 23. |
- Ali, Sk Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Zn3Sb4O6F6 : Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and nonlinear optical properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 256, s. 158-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zn3Sb4O6F6 has been synthesized hydrothermally at 230 degrees C. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the cubic non-centrosymmetric space group I-43m with the unit cell parameter a = 8.1291(4) angstrom and is isostructural with M3Sb4O6F6 (M = Co, Ni). The new compound is the first oxofluoride containing Zn2+ and a p-element cation with a stereochemically active lone pair. The crystal structure is made up by [ZnO2F4] octahedra forming a network via corner sharing at F-atoms and [SbO3] trigonal pyramids that form [Sb4O6] cages that connect via the O-atoms to the Zn-atoms. Powder second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements using 1064 nm radiation on Zn3Sb4O6F6 indicate an SHG intensity of approximately 40 x alpha-SiO2.
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| 24. |
- Ali, S. K. Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of the Oxofluoride FeSbO2F2-An Anti-ferromagnetic Spin S=5/2 Compound
- 2017
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 56:8, s. 4662-4667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new oxofluoride compound FeSbO2F2 was synthesized by hydro thermal techniques at 230 degrees C. Its crystal structure was determined from single-crystal Xray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with one crystallographic site for Fe3+ and SP3+, respectively. The crystal structure is made of [FeO2F4] octahedra and seesaw [SbO4] building blocks. These are connected to form [FeO2F2] layers and [SbO2] chains that bond together via the oxygen atoms to form the three-dimensional framework structure. Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements indicate long-range anti-ferromagnetic ordering below a Neel temperature of similar to 175 K Two-dimensional anti-ferromagnetic short-range order in the square planar net of the Fe3+ cations extends to temperatures far above the Neel temperature.
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| 25. |
- Anderberg, Mats, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Strukturerade intervjuer inom missbruksvården : - som en grund för kunskapsutveckling
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anderberg, Mats & Dahlberg, Mikael (2009). Strukturerade intervjuer inom missbruksvården – som en grund för kunskapsutveckling (Structured interviews in substance abuse treatment - as a foundation for the development of knowledge). In the discussion on knowledge development in social work, structured interviews have attracted an increasing amount of attention. The aim of this thesis is to examine and analyze how structured interviews can serve as a basis in the compilation and development of knowledge for practice and research in addiction treatment. More precisely, it means a problematization of the methodological issues that are of central importance in studying treatment outcomes, in which structured interviews form the basis. The methodological aspects in focus here are scientific concepts such as reliability, validity and specific factors in the evaluation of treatment interventions. A further objective is to outline a model for analysis when compiling and evaluating treatment outcome. The five empirical studies have been conducted in their natural context, in organisations in which structured interviews with clients are carried out as an everyday routine and used for e.g. treatment planning. The structured interview DOK (a Swedish abbreviation for Documentation of clients) is used as a basis and an example for the empirical studies in this thesis. The validation studies show that the DOK interview generally attains a good level of reliability and validity, but also contains a small number of variables that do not live up to the requirements which may be imposed. Deficiencies in operationalization and question construction seem to have a large impact. Another conclusion is that it is possible to carry out validation studies, where each variable is examined separately and evaluated with the aid of both sound methodological starting points and relevant statistical theory. Another of the central questions, the thesis addresses, is how structured interviews can be used as a basis for evaluation of treatment. The two studies which highlight this issue show that it is obvious that structured interviews are suitable for such a purpose, through its standardized form and multi-dimensional nature. Validation of structured interviews or evaluation of social interventions should not be reduced to single numbers or values. The multidimensional nature of the structured interview shall also be reflected in the results and analysis. The thesis presents an analysis model for evaluating treatment outcome in relation to two empirical examples and foregoing theoretical starting points. Our view is that structured interviews can provide a link between practice and research and thus contribute to the development of knowledge in social work and substance abuse treatment.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol involvement in Swedish University freshmen related to gender, age, serious relationship and family history of alcohol problems.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 42, s. 448-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The primary aim of this study was to describe alcohol involvement in relation to gender and different age cohorts among freshmen at two Swedish universities. The secondary aim was to investigate whether the results were related to a likelihood of students being in serious relationships and/or had a first-degree relative with alcohol problems. Methods: Two complete cohorts of university freshmen at two homogeneous universities were asked to participate in an intervention study, and the results of the basic assessments are presented in this article. The following instruments were used: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Estimated Blood Alcohol Concentration (eBAC) and a shortened version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ). Results: A total of 2032 (72%) freshmen agreed to participate. The mean AUDIT score was 8.8 (4.9) for men and 6.0 (+4.0) for women, and there were high correlations between the AUDIT and other instruments. There were significant differences between different age groups for both men and women. Both genders were more likely to have AUDIT scores higher than the usual cut-off levels for high-risk interventions among those with first-degree heredity of alcohol problems, while those students in serious relationships were less likely to have AUDIT scores above the usual cut-off levels for high-risk interventions. Conclusion: This study reveals a high level of alcohol involvement among Swedish university freshmen. This is affected by age, gender, heredity of alcohol problems and serious relationships.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Intervention for hazardous alcohol use and high level of stress in university freshmen A comparison between an intervention and a control University.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6240 .- 0006-8993. ; Aug 20, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The first year of university studies is associated with increased levels of alcohol drinking and stress. This study examines the one-year outcome of both primary and secondary interventions of one alcohol programme and one stress intervention programme at an intervention university in comparison with a control university. METHODS: At the intervention university all freshmen were offered a primary prevention programme for hazardous alcohol use and stress management and, in addition, those who had high ratings for stress and/or hazardous alcohol use were offered a secondary intervention programme for alcohol consumption and/or stress management. Freshmen still attending the two universities one year later responded to follow-up questionnaires. RESULTS: The primary alcohol and stress interventions were associated with lower alcohol expectancies and mental symptoms, but no differences in AUDIT scores (-0.2, CI 95% -0.5 to 0.1), estimated blood alcohol concentrations or stress in comparison to freshmen at the control university. The secondary alcohol interventions were associated with decreased AUDIT (-1.1, CI 95% -2.0 to -0.2) as well as alcohol expectancies, blood alcohol concentrations, stress and mental symptoms in comparison to high-risk freshmen at the control university. The secondary stress interventions were associated with decreased mental symptoms and alcohol expectancies, but not stress, AUDIT scores (-0.6, CI 95% -1.4 to 0.2) and blood alcohol concentrations in comparison to high-risk freshmen at the control university. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that both primary and secondary alcohol and stress interventions have 1-year effects in university freshmen and could be implemented in university settings.
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement properties of the Arnetz and Hasson stress questionnaire in Swedish university freshmen.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 37, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Arnetz and Hasson seven-item stress questionnaire in order to select high-risk freshmen for a stress and alcohol intervention research project. METHODS: Two complete cohorts of university freshmen at two universities were asked to participate in an intervention study. All subjects responded to seven Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) measuring common areas associated with stress. Measurement properties were evaluated by analysing internal consistency and construct validity. RESULTS: A total of 2,032 (72%) freshmen agreed to participate. In total 14,184 out of 14,224 (99.7%) of the Visual Analogue Scales were answered. The Chronbach's alpha coefficient for the complete scale was 0.787. The Varimax rotation factor analysis, using an eigen value of 1, resulted in one factor that covered all items with factor scores of 0.50 and over. This factor explained 46% of the variance. A logistic regression analysis established that mental symptoms, living outside a serious relationship, and female gender were associated with a high stress level. CONCLUSIONS: The Arnetz and Hasson stress questionnaire is easy to use and offers sufficient internal consistency and construct validity.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of Protective Behavioral Strategies to Alcohol Consequences Among Swedish High School Seniors : Moderating Role of Conduct Disorder Symptoms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 67A-67A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This observational study sought to improve our understanding of factors that contribute to risky sexual behavior among women seeking treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders. Women were recruited at the start of outpatient (n=236) or inpatient (n=166) treatment. At intake, a Timeline Follow-back interview was used to obtain retrospective reports of daily drinking, drug use, and sexual behavior for a 90-day pre-treatment baseline period. Additional interview and questionnaire measures also were obtained. Measures were re- administered at four 90-day follow-up interviews. Among women who reported sex with a primary partner during baseline (n=261), 15% reported consistent condom use for all events with this partner, whereas 80% reported no condom use with this partner. Among women who reported sex with a non-primary partner (n=159; doesn’t include commercial sex trading), 26% reported consistent condom use and 45% reported no condom use with such partners. Significant correlates of non-use of condoms included negative beliefs and attitudes and low self-efficacy regarding condom use and AIDS prevention, as well as psychological distress, sexual impulsiveness and sensation seeking, history of severe assault by a male partner, and (with primary partners) negative partner attitudes toward condom use. Some of these correlates also predicted unprotected sex with a primary partner during the first 90 days after treatment entry, after controlling for baseline. However, unsafe sex with a non-primary partner during follow-up was most notably associated with follow-up levels of substance use, i.e., more drinks per drinking day and greater frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use. In sum, preliminary analyses of baseline and follow-up data indicate a high prevalence of unprotected sex in this population. Identification of factors related to baseline and follow-up levels of risky behavior may suggest targets for future intervention development.
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| 30. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Stress and hazardous alcohol use: Associations with early dropout from university.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 37:7, s. 713-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The transition to studying at university is associated with increased levels of both stress and hazardous alcohol use. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of these factors on first-year dropout from university studies. METHODS: Two complete cohorts of university freshmen at two homogeneous universities, one in the north and one in the south of Sweden, were asked to participate in an intervention study. Participants responded to a baseline questionnaire including measures of stress and alcohol use. Official university records showing dropout over 12 months were collected. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis established that high stress and admission to the northern university were associated with dropout from university studies, while symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as hazardous drinking were not. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to address the issue of stress associated with the start of university studies. It seems important to offer stress-reducing interventions, specifically aimed at reducing transitional stress, as soon as students start university.
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| 31. |
- Anil, Athira, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of pore mesostructure on the electrooxidation of glycerol on Pt mesoporous catalysts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:31, s. 16570-16577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycerol is a renewable chemical that has become widely available and inexpensive due to the increased production of biodiesel. Noble metal materials have shown to be effective catalysts for the production of hydrogen and value-added products through the electrooxidation of glycerol. In this work we develop three platinum systems with distinct pore mesostructures, e.g., hierarchical pores (HP), cubic pores (CP) and linear pores (LP); all with high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The ECSA-normalized GEOR catalytic activity of the systems follows HPC > LPC > CPC > commercial Pt/C. Regarding the oxidation products, we observe glyceric acid as the main three-carbon product (3C), with oxalic acids as the main two-carbon oxidation product. DFT-based theoretical calculations support the glyceraldehyde route going through tartronic acid towards oxalic acid and also help understanding why the dihydroxyacetone (DHA) route is active despite the absence of DHA amongst the observed oxidation products.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Becker, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure and magnetic properties of the new cobalt tellurite halide Co5(TeO3)4X2 (X = Cl, Br)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Solid State Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1293-2558 .- 1873-3085. ; 9:3-4, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new cobalt tellurite halides Co5(TeO3)4Cl2 and Co5(TeO3)4Br2 have been synthesized and found to be iso-structural with Ni5(TeO3)4X2 (X = Cl, Br). Co5(TeO3)4X2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group C2/c, and the Br-phase has the lattice parameters a = 20.440(1) Å, b = 5.2760(2) Å, c = 16.4710(7) Å, β = 124.790(5)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structures were solved from single-crystal X-ray data, R1 = 1.90 and 1.77, respectively, for the Cl- and Br-phases. The crystal structure is layered with only weak van der Waals' interactions in between the layers. The layers are built by large [Co5O16X2] groups consisting of five edge- and face-sharing Co-octahedra. Each group is connected to adjacent groups via corner sharing through common oxygen atoms as well as through [TeO3E] groups. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on oriented single crystals reveal pronounced anisotropy in a broad temperature range and clear signs of antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures. Anisotropic susceptibility of an iso-structural Ni-based compound was also studied and compared with the corresponding results of Co5(TeO3)4X2. Magnetic anisotropy is discussed in framework of single-ion anisotropy effects.
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| 37. |
- Becker, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure and magnetic properties of two new cobalt selenite halides : Co5(SeO3)4X2 (X=Cl, Br)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 180:3, s. 1051-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new isostructural cobalt selenite halides Co5(SeO3)4Cl2 and Co5(SeO3)4Br2 have been synthesized. They crystallize in the triclinic system space group P−1 with the following lattice parameters for Co5(SeO3)4Cl2: a=6.4935(8) Å, b=7.7288(8) Å, c=7.7443(10) Å, α=66.051(11)°, β=73.610(11)°, γ=81.268(9)°, and Z=1. The crystal structures were solved from single-crystal X-ray data, R1=3.73 and 4.03 for Co5(SeO3)4Cl2 and Co5(SeO3)4Br2, respectively. The new compounds are isostructural to Ni5(SeO3)4Br2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on oriented single-crystalline samples show anisotropic response in a broad temperature range. The anisotropic susceptibility is quantitatively interpreted within the zero-field splitting schemes for Co2+ and Ni2+ ions. Sharp low-temperature susceptibility features, at TN=18 and 20 K for Co5(SeO3)4Cl2 and Co5(SeO3)4Br2, respectively, are ascribed to antiferromagnetic ordering in a minority magnetic subsystem. In isostructural Ni5(SeO3)4Br2 magnetically ordered subsystem represents a majority fraction (TN=46 K). Nevertheless, anisotropic susceptibility of Ni5(SeO3)4Br2 is dominated at low temperatures by a minority fraction, subject to single-ion anisotropy effects and increasing population of Sz=0 (singlet) ground state of octahedrally coordinated Ni2+.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Becker, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Crystal Structure of the New Cobalt Tellurite Chloride Co5Te4O11Cl4
- 2007
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeines Chemie. - Weinheim : WILEY-VCH Verlag. - 0044-2313 .- 1521-3749. ; 633:3, s. 422-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystal structure of the new compound Co5Te4O11Cl4 is described. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with the unit cell parameters a = 822.26(8) pm, b = 1029.7(1) pm, c = 1031.1(1) pm, = 110.80(1)°, β = 97.950(9)°, = 98.260(9)° and Z = 2. The structure is layered along the bc–plane and built by [CoO5Cl], [CoO4Cl2] and [CoO4Cl] polyhedra sandwiched by [TeO3E] and [TeO4E] polyhedra. The layers can be regarded as infinite molecules without any net charge and only weak van der Waals forces connect them to each other. The halides and the lone-pair, E, of TeIV protrude from the layers.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Becker, Richard, 1976-
(författare)
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Terminating species and Lewis acid-base preference in oxohalides – a new route to low-dimensional compounds
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based upon synthesis and structure determination of new transition metal oxo-halide compounds, which includes p-element cations that have a stereochemically active lone pair. A synthesis concept has been developed, which uses several different structural features to increase the possibility to yield a low-dimensional arrangement of transition metal cations. A total of 17 new compounds has been synthesised and their structures have been determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The halides and the stereochemically active lone-pairs will typically act as terminating species segregating into regions of non-bonding volumes, which may take the form of 2D layers, 1D channels or Euclidean spheres. The transition metals that have been used for this work are copper, cobalt and iron. The Hard-Soft-Acid-Base principle has been utilized to match strong Lewis acids to strong Lewis bases and weak acids to weak bases. All compounds show tendencies towards low-dimensionality; they all have sheets of transition metal cations arranged into layers, where the layers most often are connected via weak dispersion forces.
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| 43. |
- Becker, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Three new tellurite halides with unusual Te4+ coordinations and iron honeycomb lattice variants
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 180:5, s. 1750-1758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The crystal structure of three new iron and copper-iron tellurite halides are presented; (I) Cu3Fe8Te12O32Cl10 that crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn, (II) Fe8Te12O32Cl3Br3 that crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and (III) Fe5(TeO3)6Cl2 that crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1. The crystal structures were solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. All three compounds have layered crystal structures where the Fe atoms form variants of the honeycomb lattice. Highly unusual Te4+ coordination polyhedra are exemplified: [TeO3+1E], [TeO3XE], [TeO3+1XE], and [TeO3X2E] (X=halide ion, E=the lone–pair valence electrons). The crystal structures contain large non-bonding volumes occupied by the stereochemically active lone–pair electrons on Te4+.
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| 44. |
- Bergh, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Altered expression of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene in leukemic cell lines inhibits induction of differentiation but not G1-accumulation
- 1997
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Ingår i: Blood. - 1528-0020. ; 89:8, s. 2938-2950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, RB, has been implicated in tumor suppression, in regulation of the cell cycle, and in mediating cell differentiation. RB is necessary for hematopoiesis in mice, and aberrant RB-expression is associated with the progress and prognosis of leukemia. We have used antisense oligonucleotides, established clones stably expressing an antisense RB construct, and also established clones over expressing the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) to study the role of RB expression in monocytic differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 1-alpha-25-dihyroxycholecalciferol (Vit D3) in the monoblastic cell line U-937 and erythroid differentiation induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and hemin in the erythroleukemic cell line K562. A reduction in pRb production in antisense RB-transfected U-937 clones was shown. Antisense oligonucleotides as well as expression of the antisense RB construct suppressed differentiation responses to ATRA or Vit D3, as judged by the capability to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium, by the appearance of monocyte-related cell surface antigens and by morphologic criteria. K562 cells showed decreased differentiation response to TGFbeta1, but not to hemin, when incubated with antisense oligonucleotides. U-937 antisense RB-transfected cells were also suppressed in their ability to upregulate levels of hypophosphorylated pRb when induced to differentiate. Although U-937 cells incubated with antisense oligonucleotides and clones expressing the antisense RB construct were hampered in their ability to differentiate on incubation with ATRA or Vit D3, the induced G0/G1-accumulation was similar to differentiating control cells treated with ATRA or Vit D3. Intriguingly, U-937 clones overexpressing RB were also inhibited in their differentiation response to ATRA or Vit D3 but not inhibited in their ability to respond with G0/G1 accumulation when induced with these substances. The results indicate that pRb plays a role in induced differentiation of U-937 cells as well as K562 cells involving mechanisms that, at least partially, are distinct from those inducing G1 accumulation.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Risk for Cannabis, Tobacco and Alcohol : Comparison of US and Swedish High School Students
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 38:s1, s. 347A-347A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Perceived risk is related to use of cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco among youth. Sweden and US have different policies and customs related to these substances thatmay influence both risk perception and behavior regarding use of these substances. Differences in perceived risk of cannabis, cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol in Sweden and the US have been reported but no direct systematic comparison has been performed. Design and setting: The ATLAS Project is a long-term longitudinal study comparing the development of substance use from high school to the young adult life period (18–23 years) in the US and Sweden. Participants: Baseline data for 3352 17–19 year-old high school students (65%from Sweden, 56% women, mean age 17.8, 35%from US 58%women,mean age 17.6). Measurements: Surveys of perceived risk items, ever use of cannabis, cigarettes and alcohol, as well as conduct problems, mental health symptoms, and impulsivity. Findings: The largest differences between the countries were found for the risk of cannabis use. Swedish participants reported much higher perceived risk both for continuous and occasional use than US students. For cigarettes, chewing tobacco and alcohol students from the US reported higher risk perception than the Swedish students did. Females reported higher perceived risk for all substances than male students.Conduct problems were associated with less perceived risk in all examples and impulsivity in cannabis and alcohol issues. Increasedmental health symptoms were associated with increased perceived risk for alcohol. Those who have used the specific drug reported lower levels of risk for that drug butmostly not for other drugs. Conclusions: Perceived risk for cannabis was higher in Swedish students than in US students while cigarette smoking, chewing tobacco and alcohol use were perceived as more risky in the US. One possibility could be that Sweden has much tougher drug laws than the US while less stringent alcohol and tobacco laws.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported disability in relation to alcohol and other drug use and mental health among emerging adults : an international comparison
- 2012
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 284A-284A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study includes baseline data from 2867 students (77.8% from Sweden, 22.2% from US) and evaluates the relationships among self-reported disabilities, alcohol use, other substance use, and psychosocial adjustment. There were 114 (4.6%) ‘‘hard-of-hearing’’ (HH) students, 129 (5.2%) reported visual disabilities, 33 (1.3%) reported motor disabilities, 223 (9.0%) reported a reading/writing disability, and 97 (3.6%) reported they had ‘‘other’’ disabilities. Of these, 70 (14.1%) reported more than one disability. Presence of a disability was significantly higher among Sweden students (2 (1)=19.93, p< 0.001), with 19.1% of Sweden students and 11.5% of US students reporting at least one disability. Reporting any type of disability was associated with significantly greater alcohol use frequency, intensity, and related problems (all p < 0.02), significantly more mental health symptoms and conduct problems (p < 0.005), and significantly greater likelihood of illicit and prescription drug use (all p < 0.001). With respect to specific disabilities, individuals with motor disabilities reported the highest levels of alcohol use and mental health symptoms, whereas individuals who reported ‘‘other’’ disabilities had higher rates of illicit drug use and conduct problems. Further, there was a significantly positive correlation between the number of disabilities and intensity of alcohol use, mental health symptoms, conduct problems, illicit and prescription drug use, and alcohol related problems (all p < 0.001). The association between conduct problems and disability (any disability and number of disabilities) was moderated by country of origin, gender, and drinking for coping reasons on the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Participants in Sweden, males, and those who drank for coping reasons were more likely to report a relationship between disability and conduct problems (p < 0.001). Participants who drank for coping reasons were also more likely to report a relationship between disability and alcohol related problems (p=0.001). These findings indicate students with disabilities are an important risk group for preventive interventions for alcohol, substance, and mental health problems, and may benefit from interventions which target healthy coping skills. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund
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| 50. |
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