| 1. |
- Johnsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Primärvårdens möte med invandrare
- 2009
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Ingår i: Mänskliga möten över gränser : vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - 9789147084678 ; , s. 166-190
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating particles during cardiac surgery.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1569-9285 .- 1569-9293.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shed blood is known to be a source of lipid micro-emboli in cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to characterize the occurrence of these particles at different stages of the operation, and to study their occurrence in the circulation at multiple time-points after the retransfusion of shed blood. 44 patients undergoing routine surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included. Blood was sampled from the surgical field at different sampling locations during the operation. Shed blood was collected in a transfusion bag and retransfused. After which, blood was sampled from the arterial line of the heart-lung machine. A Coulter counter was used for particle determinion. The mean volume of shed blood collected was 340+/-215 ml. Particles in the size range 10-60 microm were found at varying concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in blood collected after cannulation and from the pleura. After retransfusion of this blood, a biphasic response was seen in the blood drawn from the efferent line of the heart-lung machine. Particles are found in shed blood at all times during cardiac surgery, and when this blood was retransfused an increase was seen in particle concentration in the heart-lung machine. Keywords: Particles; Lipid particles; Circulation; Shed mediastinal blood.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dautovic Bergh, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Protein S100B after cardiac surgery: An indicator of long-term anxiety?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 41:2, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess long-term state and trait anxiety in cardiac surgical risk patients. Design. Thirty two patients with serum S100B > 0.3 µg/l 48 hours after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were matched according to age, gender, type, date and length of surgery with 35 operated patients without elevated S100B. They completed Spielberger's Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results. Patients with elevated S100B reported more state anxiety and trait anxiety. S100B was an independent predictor of both state and trait anxiety when controlling for perioperative variables. Conclusions. Patients with elevated S100B reported more anxiety 3–6 years after cardiac surgery. A postoperative blood sample can identify risk patients and facilitate appropriate follow-up.
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| 5. |
- Gustafson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhet på jobbet i ett psykosocialt perspektiv : en studie av hur man tänker kring de som utsätter andra för mentalt och tyst våld, även känt som översitteri och mobbing
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Säkerhet på jobbet fokuserar ofta på att skydda de anställda från fysiskt våld, utfört av externa personer som inte har någon relation till arbetsplatsen. Det är lättare att peka mot ”de andra”, de som inte hör hemma på arbetsplatsen än att komma tillrätta med arbetsplatsens interna problem. Säkerhet på jobbet i ett psykosocialt perspektiv kan därför upplevas som besvärligt att hantera och riskerar därför att ignoreras. Många arbetsplatser kännetecknas av oenighet, motsättningar och konflikter, där både förövaren och den utsatta personen är anställda. Förövarens intention kan vara att skada och uppnå makt, men det kan också saknas intention och i dessa fall är förövaren omedveten om det egna beteendets effekter för andra (Arbetsmiljöverket, 2011). Effekterna av denna omedvetenhet medför stort lidande för många människor och mycket stora kostnader för organisationer och samhälle, men problemet hanteras sällan på ett bra sätt. Det finns således ett behov av att utveckla arbetssätt som ökar medvetenheten. Exempel på förekommande beteende är, orättfärdigt ledarskap, bristande respekt, ohövlighet, förolämpande beteende (vilka kan benämnas så som ”mentalt våld”) eller marginaliserande, minimerande, etc. (”tyst våld”). Orsaker till psykosociala arbetsmiljöproblem kan vara brister i ledning, otydliga organisationsformer och låga grader av förtroende och tillit som ger upphov till vantrivsel och mindre del effektivt arbete. För att nå god produktivitet med hög grad av effektiv arbetstidmåste resurser läggas på trivselstärkande aktiviteter och stärka organisationskulturen. Ett problem är ofta organisationskulturen i sig, den kan behöva förändras för att människor ska börja kommunicera på ett bättre sätt (Arbetsmiljöverket, 2011). De psykologiska och fysiologiska effekterna på offren vet forskarvärlden en hel del om. Däremot vet man inte så mycket om de psykologiska och fysiologiska effekterna på vare sig förövarna eller de personer i omgivningen som bevittnar dessa skeenden. Vem är den och vad händer hos den som utsätter och vem är den och vad händer hos den som bevittnar när någon utsätts för mentalt eller tyst våld?Vi ställde ovan frågeställningar till ett tjugotal deltagare vid en samtalskonferens (Gilla Jobbet 2014) samt vid ett fortbildningstillfälle på Lunds universitet där ett fyrtiotal administratörer deltog. Vid bägge tillfällena fick deltagarna diskutera två och två. På samtalskonferensen genomfördes en muntlig redovisning och vid fortbildningstillfället kunde vi däremot samla in skriftliga svar. Vid det sista tillfället prövades även värderingsuppfattning gällande två scenarier om mentalt och tyst våld. Flertalet av svaren avseende frågan, Vem är den som utsätter någon för mentalt eller tyst våld pekade på att det hos dessa personer råder en osäkerhet hos dem själva kring det egna beteendet. Osäkerheten ansågs även vara kopplad till den position som personerna innehar i en organisation. Denna osäkerhetsaspekt sågs som en fråga om makt. En makt som då missbrukas genom att personen anser sig ha rätt och ett ansvar att agera, kanske utan intention att skada och med en tillåtande organisationskultur.ReferenserGilla Jobbet, Arbetslivets mötesplats, Knytkonferens, 2014-10-22Arbetsmiljöverket. (2011). Psykologiska perspektiv på hot och våld i arbetslivet.Kunskapsöversikt RAP 2011_07, Stockholm: Arbetsmiljöverket.
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| 6. |
- Johnsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational sedentariness and breast cancer risk
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X. ; 56:1, s. 75-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological studies have indicated that physical activity reduces the risk of developing breast cancer. More recently, sedentary behavior has been suggested as a risk factor independent of physical activity level. The purpose of the present study was to investigate occupational sedentariness and breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: In a population-based prospective cohort study (n = 29 524), working history was assessed by a questionnaire between 1990 and 1992. Participants were classified as having: (1) sedentary occupations only; (2) mixed occupations or (3) non-sedentary occupations only. The association between occupational sedentariness and breast cancer incidence was analyzed by Cox regression, adjusted for known risk factors and participation in competitive sports. Results: Women with a working history of occupational sedentariness had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05, 1.37) compared with those with mixed or non-sedentary occupations. The association was stronger among women younger than 55 years (adjusted HR 1.54; 95% CI 1.20, 1.96), whereas no association was seen in women 55 years or older. Adjustment for participation in competitive sports did not change the association. Conclusions: We found that occupational sedentariness was associated with increased breast cancer risk, especially in women younger than 55 years. This may be a modifiable risk factor by planning breaks during the working day. Whether this reduces the risk of breast cancer needs to be further studied.
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| 7. |
- Johnsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and survival following breast cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1365-2354 .- 0961-5423. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Physical activity (PA) leads to improved survival in women following the diagnosis of breast cancer, but it is less clear whether PA has equally positive effects regardless of age at diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between post-diagnosis PA and survival in women aged below or over 55 years at diagnosis.METHODS:From a prospective population-based cohort of Swedish women, we included 847 women, aged 34-84 years, who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1992 to 2012. A PA score was calculated based on three different questions regarding self-reported PA. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the association between PA and mortality.RESULTS:A significant association between PA score and all-cause mortality was observed, in a dose-response manner (ptrend = 0.01). The mortality was clearly lower in the most active compared to the least active group (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence intervals 0.09-0.90). A subgroup analysis showed that the improved survival was only seen in women over 55 years of age at diagnosis.CONCLUSION:Physical activity, which is a modifiable lifestyle factor, should be encouraged after breast cancer diagnosis, especially in women with post-menopausal breast cancer.
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| 8. |
- Jönsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Controversial significance of early S100B levels after cardiac surgery
- 2004
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe brain-derived protein S100B has been shown to be a useful marker of brain injury of different etiologies. Cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to occur in up to 70% of patients. In this study we tried to evaluate S100B as a marker for cognitive dysfunction after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in a model where the inflow of S100B from shed mediastinal blood was corrected for.Methods56 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting underwent prospective neuropsychological testing. The test scores were standardized and an impairment index was constructed. S100B was sampled at the end of surgery, hourly for the first 6 hours, and then 8, 10, 15, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. None of the patients received autotransfusion.ResultsIn simple linear analysis, no significant relation was found between S100B levels and neuropsychological outcome. In a backwards stepwise regression analysis the three variables, S100B levels at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, S100B levels 1 hour later and the age of the patients were found to explain part of the neuropsychological deterioration (r = 0.49, p < 0.005).ConclusionsIn this study we found that S100B levels 1 hour after surgery seem to be the most informative. Our attempt to control the increased levels of S100B caused by contamination from the surgical field did not yield different results. We conclude that the clinical value of S100B as a predictive measurement of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery is limited.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized study of coronary artery bypass surgery performed with the Resting Heart™ System utilizing a low vs a standard dosage of heparin.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1569-9285 .- 1569-9293. ; 15:5, s. 834-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Allogeneic blood transfusion and reoperation for postoperative bleeding after the coronary artery bypass grafting have a negative impact on the patient outcome. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of reduced doses of heparin and protamine on the patient outcome, using a heparin-coated mini-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system. METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing elective first-time CPB were prospectively randomized either to have a reduced systemic heparinization [activated clotting time (ACT) = 250 s] or to a control group perfused with a full heparin dose (ACT = 420 s). Blood transfusions, ventilation time, early postoperative bleeding, ICU stay, reoperations for bleeding, postoperative cognitive status and the level of mobilization were registered. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were randomized to the control group, 27 patients to the low-dose group and 4 patients were excluded because of protocol violations. Four patients in the control group received a total of 10 units of packed red blood cells, and in the low-dose group, no transfusions were given, P = 0.046. No patient was reoperated because of bleeding. The ICU stay was significantly shorter in the low-dose group (8.4 vs 13.7 h, P = 0.020), less dependent on oxygen on the first postoperative day (78 vs 97%, P = 0.034), better mobilized (89 vs 59%, P = 0.006) and had less pain (visual analogue scale 2.0 vs 3.5, P = 0.019) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mini-CPB system combined with a low dose of heparin reduced the need for blood transfusions and may facilitate the faster mobilization of the patients.
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| 10. |
- Nozohoor, Shahab, et al.
(författare)
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A case-controlled evaluation of the Medtronic Resting Heart System compared with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1569-9285 .- 1569-9293. ; 14:5, s. 599-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Medtronic Resting Heart System (RHS) is a heparin-coated, closed perfusion circuit. Clinical results indicate less haemodilution and reduced complement activation, when compared with a traditional circuit leading to fewer postoperative blood transfusions. We evaluated the potential clinical benefits, including reduced transfusion requirements, when using the RHS compared with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (cCPB). The study group (n = 330) consisted of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the RHS system during 2005-2009, matched with a control group (n = 609) including patients operated for isolated CABG during 2002-2009, utilizing cCPB. Significantly fewer patients received peri- and postoperative blood transfusions in the RHS group (25 vs. 37%, P < 0.001; mean 1.0 ± 2.6 vs. mean 1.6 ± 2.9 units of packed red blood cells). The incidence of reoperations due to bleeding was low, RHS 2% (n = 8) vs. cCPB 5% (n = 29), with a trend towards no significant difference between groups (P = 0.079). The duration of mechanical ventilation was shorter (mean 7 ± 16 vs. 9 ± 12 h, P < 0.001) for patients in the RHS group. This study demonstrates that CABG performed with the RHS reduces the incidence and magnitude of allogenic blood transfusion and results in a satisfactory clinical outcome.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Tersmeden, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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350 näsor under 350 år
- 2018
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lättsamt biografiskt översiktsverk med korta personbeskrivningar i ord och bild av dels de 190 personer som t o m 2017 införlivats i Akademiska Föreningens Nasotek, dels ytterligare 160 lundaanknutna historiska personer.
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| 13. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using secondary vertex b tagging
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 74:11, s. 112004-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a new measurement of the t (t) over bar production cross section in p (beta) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using events with one charged lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse energy, and jets. Using 425 pb(-1) of data collected using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, and enhancing the t (t) over bar content of the sample by tagging b jets with a secondary vertex tagging algorithm, the t (t) over bar production cross section is measured to be sigma(p (t) over bar -> t (t) over bar +X)=6.6 +/- 0.9(stat+syst) +/- 0.4(lum) pb. This cross section is the most precise D0 measurement to date for t (t) over bar production and is in good agreement with standard model expectations.
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| 14. |
- Albihn, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatanpassning av svensk animalieproduktion - säkrare tillgång på livsmedel under en kris
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sveriges självförsörjningsgrad av animaliska livsmedel är låg och tillgången till kritiska insatsmedel såsom foder, mediciner, konstgödsel, reservdelar och drivmedel är starkt importberoende. Vi blir gång på gång påminda om sårbarheten i försörjning av människans mest basala behov, det vill säga mat. Vid en kris, såsom långvarig torka, översvämning, skogsbrand och storm, kan bristen på insatsmedel och problem med eldistribution och transporter försvåra eller omöjliggöra fortsatt animalieproduktion. För att identifiera risker och hantera kriser kring livsmedelsförsörjning krävs nytt tänkande och ny beredskap utifrån en bred kompetensbas. Syftet med vår rapport är att föreslå anpassningsåtgärder och vägar framåt för att nå en högre säkerhet i produktionen av animaliska livsmedel under en kris. Sårbarheter för produktionen har påvisats för primärproducenter (djurhållare) och i mellanledet (slakteri och mejeri). Detta har vi gjort genom studier av såväl vetenskaplig som annan litteratur och av tillgängliga data, genom diskussioner inom arbetsgruppen, med andra parter och med djurhållare. Flertalet aktörer är medvetna om sårbarheterna i produktionen men producenterna saknar många gånger förutsättningar för att vidmakthålla produktionen vid en kris. Gårdens sårbarhet handlar till stor del om foder och vatten, både kvantitet och kvalitet. Möjligheten att lagra foder är avgörande för förmågan att hantera kriser som påverkar odling, inköp och transport av foder. Lagringsmöjligheten kan vara mycket begränsad och driften kan vara helt beroende av täta leveranser med stora, tunga lastbilar. Tillgång till bränsle är avgörande för foderodling, uppvärmning, torkning av foderråvaror och transporterna till och från gården, och tillgång till el är avgörande för driften av till exempel mjölkningsanläggning, ventilation, utfodrings- och utgödslingssystem samt för att förse djuren med vatten. En otillräcklig eller krånglande ventilation kan orsaka värmestress hos djuren vilket kan bli förödande i vissa produktionsformer. En storskalig, specialiserad produktion dominerar livsmedelsförsörjningen idag och att få denna produktion mindre sårbar borde därför vara centralt i anpassningsarbetet. Storskalig gris- och fjäderfäproduktion kräver vanligen frekventa in- och uttransporter och en hög och jämn energitillgång. Gräsätande djur på bete kan klara sig bättre, men idag begränsas ofta betesgång till exempel för mjölkkor genom ”deltidsbete”, då maximal produktion lättare nås om djuren också stödutfodras. Det finns inte alltid tillgänglig mark för att vid en kris kunna utöka andelen bete i foderstaten. Vattenbruk för odling av fisk och vattenlevande djur är liksom övrig animalieproduktion beroende av insatsvaror och fungerande infrastruktur. Slakterier och mejerier är få och geografiskt ojämnt fördelade och de kan sällan täcka upp för varandra om problem uppstår på en anläggning. Om leverans från gården inte kan ske som planerat kan snabbt stora problem uppstå. Mjölken får kasseras och kycklingar avlivas av djurskyddsskäl då de växer snabbt och det blir alltför trångt i stallarna. Småskaliga slakterier och mejerier kan ha bättre förutsättningar för fortsatt produktion under en kris, men bidrar i mycket liten omfattning till livsmedelsförsörjningen. Smittspridning av allvarlig sjukdom kan förutom att vara en primär orsak till en kris även följa av en kris av annan anledning. Det kan under en kris vara svårt att upprätthålla hygien- och skötselrutiner, och möjlighet till diagnostik, hantering och bekämpning av en sjukdom kan försvåras. Situationen för såväl primärproducenter som efterföljande led är ofta ekonomiskt pressad. Lagerhållning av insatsmedel är låg liksom möjligheten till alternativ försörjning med till exempel vatten och el. Olika delar av landet är olika sårbara, exempelvis kan Gotland och Norrbotten vara extra utsatta vid störningar i infrastrukturen. Sårbarheten vid transportstörningar är sannolikt också mycket stor för Sveriges storstadsregioner på grund av låg livsmedelsproduktion i närområdet. Foderbristen som följde efter torkan år 2018 gjorde att många rekryteringsdjur slaktades ut. De kalvar som dessa djur skulle ha fött och som skulle ha varit slaktmogna i början av 2021 saknas därför, vilket lett till brist på nötkött (Figur 1, s7). Parallella händelser, som pandemin i detta exempel, kan också ge en s.k. tandemeffekt och förstärka en kris. Det är dock okänt hur mycket pandemin egentligen har påverkat tillgången på kött 2021. Anpassningsåtgärder måste ske i synergi med annan eftersträvad samhällsutveckling och i enlighet med FN:s globala hållbarhetsmål. En utveckling mot en mer hållbar och mindre sårbar produktion, såsom ett minskat beroende av fossila bränslen och vissa insatsvaror, bör ge en sådan utveckling i rätt riktning för samhället. Generellt behövs bättre lönsamhet och ekonomiska drivkrafter både hos primärproducenter och i mellanledet såsom slakteri och mejeri, för att ge utrymme för och motivera investeringar som främjar minskad sårbarhet. En önskvärd anpassning, såsom mer flexibla produktionssystem och ökad lagerhållning av vissa insatsvaror, kan dock minska lönsamheten. Många åtgärder kan göras av producenter och branschorganisationer själva. Andra åtgärder ligger utom räckhåll för vad de kan påverka, exempelvis säkring av fungerande infrastruktur såsom elnät, vägar och IT, import av insatsvaror och drivmedel, och avsättning av produkter som slaktdjur och mjölk. Dessa beroenden är avhängiga beslut och policys som tas av politiker och beslutsfattare i näringslivet på högre nivåer regionalt, nationellt eller inom EU. Förändringar i de bidragssystem och regelverk som styr producentens verksamhet kan underlätta klimatanpassning, exempelvis genom att möjliggöra anläggande av bevattningsdammar. Att kunna planera långsiktigt är viktigt för producenter som påverkas av såväl myndigheters styrning av till exempel nybyggnation som branschorganisationers styrning av till exempel avelsmål. Sårbarheten i mellanledet behöver minska på samma vis som hos primärproducenten men även genom en större geografisk spridning av anläggningarna, minskat transportbehov samt genom att ge anläggningarna en viss överkapacitet för att tillfälligt kunna hantera fler slaktdjur eller mer mjölk. Det behövs en större flexibilitet i samhället, så att akuta åtgärder kan sättas in vid tillfälliga behov i samband med extrema händelser som bränder, översvämningar och stormar. Det kan handla om planer för att tillfälligt kunna nyttja mark som idag inte används för animalieproduktion och andra resurser, såsom reservvatten, tomma byggnader och tillgång till extra arbetskraft. Ökad kunskap om och vaksamhet för nya klimatkänsliga sjukdomar, kanske främst sådana som sprids med bitande insekter och vatten, är också nödvändigt för att kunna möta effekterna av ett förändrat klimat. Det behövs också en säker tillgång till veterinär diagnostik och behandling under en kris. Arbetsgruppen föreslår att krishanteringsplaner upprättas av varje producent, med hjälp av berörda myndigheter. Detta skulle kunna göras i samband med en utbildningskampanj och i samverkan mellan producenter. Även på en regional nivå behöver krishanteringsplaner upprättas för att bistå producenter vid till exempel evakuering av djur, eller vid foder- eller vattenbrist. Vi föreslår vidare forsknings- och utvecklingsarbete för att öka kunskapen om bl.a. effekten av olika anpassningsåtgärder, om risker och möjligheter med att använda alternativa resurser, om varningssystem och om hur utvecklandet av producenters krishanteringsplaner kan stöttas.
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| 15. |
- Allum, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Coulomb explosion imaging of CH3I and CH2CII photodissociation dynamics
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 149:20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photodissociation dynamics of CH3I and CH2CII at 272 nm were investigated by time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging, with an intense non-resonant 815nmprobe pulse. Fragment ion momenta over a widem/z range were recorded simultaneously by coupling a velocity map imaging spectrometer with a pixel imaging mass spectrometry camera. For both molecules, delay-dependent pump-probe features were assigned to ultraviolet-induced carbon-iodine bond cleavage followed by Coulomb explosion. Multi-mass imaging also allowed the sequential cleavage of both carbon-halogen bonds in CH2ClI to be investigated. Furthermore, delay-dependent relative fragment momenta of a pair of ions were directly determined using recoil-frame covariance analysis. These results are complementary to conventional velocity map imaging experiments and demonstrate the application of time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging to photoinduced real-time molecular motion.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Invandring, kultur och välbefinnande.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: . I C.M. Allwood & P. Johnsson (red.), Mänskliga möten över gränser - Vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - Stockholm : LIBER. ; , s. 14-27
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Möten och anpassningar i det multikulturella samhället.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: I C.M. Allwood & P. Johnsson (red.), Mänskliga möten över gränser - Vård och social omsorg i det mångkulturella samhället. - Stockholm : LIBER. - 9789147084678 ; , s. 237-250
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Amini, Kasra, et al.
(författare)
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Alignment, orientation, and Coulomb explosion of difluoroiodobenzene studied with the pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 147:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced adiabatic alignment and mixed-field orientation of 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene (C6H3F2I) molecules are probed by Coulomb explosion imaging following either near-infrared strong-field ionization or extreme-ultraviolet multi-photon inner-shell ionization using free-electron laser pulses. The resulting photoelectrons and fragment ions are captured by a double-sided velocity map imaging spectrometer and projected onto two position-sensitive detectors. The ion side of the spectrometer is equipped with a pixel imaging mass spectrometry camera, a time-stamping pixelated detector that can record the hit positions and arrival times of up to four ions per pixel per acquisition cycle. Thus, the time-of-flight trace and ion momentum distributions for all fragments can be recorded simultaneously. We show that we can obtain a high degree of one-and three-dimensional alignment and mixed-field orientation and compare the Coulomb explosion process induced at both wavelengths.
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| 21. |
- Amini, Kasra, et al.
(författare)
-
Photodissociation of aligned CH3I and C6H3F2I molecules probed with time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging by site-selective extreme ultraviolet ionization
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Structural Dynamics. - : AIP Publishing. - 2329-7778. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore time-resolved Coulomb explosion induced by intense, extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond pulses from a free-electron laser as a method to image photo-induced molecular dynamics in two molecules, iodomethane and 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene. At an excitation wavelength of 267 nm, the dominant reaction pathway in both molecules is neutral dissociation via cleavage of the carbon-iodine bond. This allows investigating the influence of the molecular environment on the absorption of an intense, femtosecond XUV pulse and the subsequent Coulomb explosion process. We find that the XUV probe pulse induces local inner-shell ionization of atomic iodine in dissociating iodomethane, in contrast to non-selective ionization of all photofragments in difluoroiodobenzene. The results reveal evidence of electron transfer from methyl and phenyl moieties to a multiply charged iodine ion. In addition, indications for ultrafast charge rearrangement on the phenyl radical are found, suggesting that time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging is sensitive to the localization of charge in extended molecules.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bygdeväg : När 2 filer blir 1
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sundbyberg kommun har genomfört en ombyggnation av en del av Ursviksvägen. En traditionell tvåfilig väg med skyltad hastighet på 30 km/tim byggdes om till en fil för bilar och två cykelfält, en på vardera sida om körfältet för bilar, det vill säga en 2 minus 1-väg. Före ombyggnation och efter ombyggnation tillfrågades boende och passerande individer om deras upplevelser av Ursviksvägen. I synnerhet var det utifrån perspektivet säkerhet och framkomlighet, vilket i sin tur kan kopplas till livskvalitet. Dessutom monterades kameror upp längs sträckan som registrerade trafikarbetet samtidigt som insamlandet av individers upplevelser pågick. Resultaten från enkäten är mycket entydiga. Ombyggnation av delsträckan på Ursviksvägen mottogs väldigt väl. Den upplevda tryggheten, säkerheten och framkomligheten påverkades positivt, i synnerhet för cyklister och fotgängare. Bussresenärers upplevelse var också positiv även om effekten av ombyggnationen inte var lika stark. Dessa resultat erhålls utan att bilisters upplevelse av framkomlighet försämrades. Ytterligare analyser visade att om man var nöjd med säkerheten, tryggheten och framkomligheten i området var man också mera nöjd med området runt Ursviksvägen.En rad analyser genomfördes efter detta huvudresultat för att försöka förstå variationen i svaren bättre. I huvudsak studerades om svaren på frågorna påverkades av om respondenten nyttjade Ursviksvägen som fotgängare, bilist, bussresenär eller cyklist. Dessutom analyserades om ombyggnationen lett till ett förändrat färdmedelsval. Slutligen analyserades om de respondenter som har barn i de skolor som ligger utmed Ursviksvägen har andra upplevelser än de respondenter som inte har barn vid en skola utmed Ursviksvägen. Oavsett hur data analyserades framkom positiva effekter av ombyggnationen. Ett exempel på analys där respondenter med barn i skolor utmed Ursviksvägen jämfördes med respondenter utan barn.Resultatet visade att respondenter med barn i någon av skolorna var signifikant nöjdare med alla de aspekter i trafikmiljö som enkäten berörde men detsamma gällde även de som inte hade några barn i skolorna. Däremot visade resultaten att respondenter med barn i skolorna var mindre nöjda med området innan ombyggnationen vilket innebar att de stod för den största ökningen. Värt att poängtera är också att eftermätningen visade att föräldrar som hade barn som gick eller cyklade till skola var måttligt nöjda med tryggheten och säkerheten för sina barn, då det högsta medelvärdet var drygt 4 på den 7-gradiga skalan.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
När 2 filer blir 1: Ombyggnation av Ursviksvägen i Sundbyberg
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sundbyberg kommun har genomfört en ombyggnation av en del av Ursviksvägen. En traditionell tvåfilig väg med skyltad hastighet på 30 km/tim byggdes om till en fil för bilar och två cykelfält, en på vardera sida om körfältet för bilar, det vill säga en 2 minus 1-väg. Före ombyggnation och efter ombyggnation tillfrågades boende och passerande individer om deras upplevelser av Ursviksvägen. I synnerhet var det utifrån perspektivet säkerhet och framkomlighet, vilket i sin tur kan kopplas till livskvalitet. Dessutom monterades kameror upp längs sträckan som registrerade trafikarbetet samtidigt som insamlandet av individers upplevelser pågick. Resultaten från enkäten är mycket entydiga. Ombyggnation av delsträckan på Ursviksvägen mottogs väldigt väl. Den upplevda tryggheten, säkerheten och framkomligheten påverkades positivt, i synnerhet för cyklister och fotgängare. Bussresenärers upplevelse var också positiv även om effekten av ombyggnationen inte var lika stark. Dessa resultat erhålls utan att bilisters upplevelse av framkomlighet försämrades. Ytterligare analyser visade att om man var nöjd med säkerheten, tryggheten och framkomligheten i området var man också mera nöjd med området runt Ursviksvägen.En rad analyser genomfördes efter detta huvudresultat för att försöka förstå variationen i svaren bättre. I huvudsak studerades om svaren på frågorna påverkades av om respondenten nyttjade Ursviksvägen som fotgängare, bilist, bussresenär eller cyklist. Dessutom analyserades om ombyggnationen lett till ett förändrat färdmedelsval. Slutligen analyserades om de respondenter som har barn i de skolor som ligger utmed Ursviksvägen har andra upplevelser än de respondenter som inte har barn vid en skola utmed Ursviksvägen. Oavsett hur data analyserades framkom positiva effekter av ombyggnationen. Ett exempel på analys där respondenter med barn i skolor utmed Ursviksvägen jämfördes med respondenter utan barn.Resultatet visade att respondenter med barn i någon av skolorna var signifikant nöjdare med alla de aspekter i trafikmiljö som enkäten berörde men detsamma gällde även de som inte hade några barn i skolorna. Däremot visade resultaten att respondenter med barn i skolorna var mindre nöjda med området innan ombyggnationen vilket innebar att de stod för den största ökningen. Värt att poängtera är också att eftermätningen visade att föräldrar som hade barn som gick eller cyklade till skola var måttligt nöjda med tryggheten och säkerheten för sina barn, då det högsta medelvärdet var drygt 4 på den 7-gradiga skalan.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Two minus one road equals improved quality of life
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1982. ; 26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sundbyberg municipality (part of greater Stockholm) has reconstructed a traditional two-lane road, with an allowed speed limit of 30 km/h, into a road with one car lane and two bicycle lanes, one on either side of the car lane (a “two minus one road”). The aim was to increase traffic safety and accessibility, especially for bicyclists and pedestriansMethod: The design used was a before- an after-study including both subjective and objective measures. To collect subjective data a survey measuring quality of life was used by asking residents and travellers how they experienced the road and their neighbourhood. The collection of objective data was done with the help of video cameras recording traffic conflicts, vehicle speed and position on the roadResults: The reconstruction of the road had positive effects on quality of life in general, specifically safety, security, and accessibility for bicyclists and pedestrians. Something which was achieved without reducing car drivers’ experience of accessibility. Subsequent analyses were conducted to increase the understanding of different ‘sub-groups’. Specifically, analyses assessed: if responses could be linked to modal choice; whether the reconstruction of the road resulted in a modal shift; and whether it was any differences between respondents who had or had not a child attending any of the local schools. Overall, the responses from the ‘sub-groups’ were not significantly different from each other (except for respondents with children). The video analyses on traffic safety showed no differences in conflicts before and after the reconstruction. The only negative result was that car drivers’ speed increased by 3 km/hConclusion: The reconstruction of roads with a traffic intensity, equivalent to the selected road is suitable for a two minus one road. Traffic safety, security, and accessibility will increase, but not at the expense of car drivers’ accessibility.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Arnold, Cord L., et al.
(författare)
-
Spatiotemporal coupling of attosecond pulses
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2019. - 9781728104690 ; Part F140-CLEO_Europe 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range are today routinely generated via high-order harmonic generation (HHG), when intense ultrashort laser pulses are focused into a gaseous generation medium. The effect is most easily understood in a semi-classical picture [1]. An electron can tunnel ionize from the distorted atomic potential, pick up kinetic energy in the laser field, potentially return to its parent ion and recombine. The excess energy is emitted as XUV photon. The process repeats for every half-cycle of the driving field, resulting in a train of attosecond pulses and in the frequency domain in the well-known, odd-order comb of harmonics. Two main families of electron trajectories leading to the same photon energy can be distinguished into 'short' and 'long', according to their time of travel in the continuum. Due to the complicated nature of the HHG process, attosecond pulses usually cannot be separated into their temporal and spatial profiles, but instead have strong chromatic aberration and are spatio-temporally coupled [2-4].
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| 28. |
- Axelsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
A multicenter study investigating the molecular fingerprint of psychological resilience in breast cancer patients : Study protocol of the SCAN-B resilience study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Individual patients differ in their psychological response when receiving a cancer diagnosis, in this case breast cancer. Given the same disease burden, some patients master the situation well, while others experience a great deal of stress, depression and lowered quality of life. Patients with high psychological resilience are likely to experience fewer stress reactions and better adapt to and manage the life threat and the demanding treatment that follows the diagnosis. If this phenomenon of mastering difficult situations is reflected also in biomolecular processes is not much studied, nor has its capacity for impacting the cancer prognosis been addressed. This project specifically aims, for the first time, to investigate how a breast cancer patient's psychological resilience is coupled to biomolecular parameters using advanced "omics" and, as a secondary aim, whether it relates to prognosis and quality of life one year after diagnosis. Method: The study population consists of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients enrolled in the Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast (SCAN-B) at four hospitals in Sweden. At the time of cancer diagnosis, the patient fills out the standardized method to measure psychological resilience, the "Connor-Davidson Resilience scale" (CD-RISC), the quality of life measure SF-36, as well as providing social and socioeconomic variables. In addition, one blood sample is collected. At the one-year follow-up, the patient will be subjected to the same assessments, and we also collect information regarding smoking, exercise habits, and BMI, as well as patients' trust in the treatment and their satisfaction with the care and treatment. Discussion: This explorative hypothesis-generating project will pave the way for larger validation studies, potentially leading to a standardized method of measuring psychological resilience as an important parameter in cancer care. Revealing the body-mind interaction, in terms of psychological resilience and quality of life, will herald the development of truly personalized psychosocial care and cancer intervention treatment strategies. Trial registration: This is a retrospectively registered trial at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03430492on February 6, 2018.
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| 29. |
- Barillot, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Angular asymmetry and attosecond time delay from the giant plasmon resonance in C60 photoionization
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates that the surface plasmon resonance in C 60 alters the valence photoemission quantum phase, resulting in strong effects in the photoelectron angular distribution and emission time delay. Electron momentum imaging spectroscopy is used to measure the photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameter that agrees well with our calculations from the time-dependent local density approximation (TDLDA). Significant structure in the valence photoemission time delay is simultaneously calculated by TDLDA over the plasmon active energies. Results reveal a unified spatial and temporal asymmetry pattern driven by the plasmon resonance and offer a sensitive probe of electron correlation. A semiclassical approach facilitates further insights into this link that can be generalized and applied to other molecular systems and nanometer-sized metallic materials exhibiting plasmon resonances.
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| 30. |
- Barillot, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Attosecond time delays in C-60 valence photoemissions at the giant plasmon
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588. ; 635, s. 112074-112074
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform time-dependent local density functional calculations of the time delay in C-60 HOMO and HOMO-1 photoionization at giant plasmon energies. A semiclassical model is used to develop further insights.
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| 31. |
- Bélteky, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Domestication and tameness: brain geneexpression in red junglefowl selected for less fear of humans suggests effects on reproduction and immunology
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : Royal Society Publishing. - 2054-5703. ; :3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The domestication of animals has generated a set of phenotypicmodifications, affecting behaviour, appearance, physiologyand reproduction, which are consistent across a range ofspecies. We hypothesized that some of these phenotypes couldhave evolved because of genetic correlation to tameness,an essential trait for successful domestication. Starting froman outbred population of red junglefowl, ancestor of alldomestic chickens, we selected birds for either high or lowfear of humans for five generations. Birds from the fifthselected generation (S5) showed a divergent pattern of growthand reproduction, where low fear chickens grew larger andproduced larger offspring. To examine underlying geneticmechanisms, we used microarrays to study gene expressionin thalamus/hypothalamus, a brain region involved in fearand stress, in both the parental generation and the S5. Whileparents of the selection lines did not show any differentiallyexpressed genes, there were a total of 33 genes with adjustedp-values below 0.1 in S5. These were mainly related to spermfunction,immunological functions, with only a few known tobe relevant to behaviour. Hence, five generations of divergentselection for fear of humans produced changes in hypothalamicgene expression profiles related to pathways associated withmale reproduction and to immunology. This may be linked to the effects seen on growth and size of offspring. These results support the hypothesis thatdomesticated phenotypes may evolve because of correlated effects related to reduced fear of humans.
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| 32. |
- Bergh, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
In the eye of both patient and spouse: memory is poor 1 to 2 years after coronary bypass and angioplasty.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 1552-6259. ; 74:3, s. 689-693
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate patient and spouse perception of cognitive functioning 1 to 2 years after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Seventy-six married patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were selected and sex- and age-matched with 75 concurrent married patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Couples received a letter of explanation and then completed telephone interviews. Forty-seven questions assessed memory, concentration, general health, social functioning, and emotional state. Response choices were: improved, unchanged, or deteriorated function after coronary artery bypass grafting/percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. RESULTS: Patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting did not differ in subjective ratings on any measure from patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. There were no differences between spouses in the respective groups; spouse ratings also did not differ from patient ratings. Only in memory function did patients and spouses report a postprocedural decline. CONCLUSIONS: No subjective differences were found in patients who had undergone either coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Spouse ratings agreed with each other and with patient ratings. Positive correlations were found between the questionnaire factors, suggesting that perceived health and well-being are associated with subjective cognition.
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| 33. |
- Bergh, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
In the eye of both patient and spouse: memory is poor 1 to 2 years after coronary bypass and angioplasty
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 74:3, s. 689-693
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The study aimed to investigate patient and spouse perception of cognitive functioning 1 to 2 years after coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods. Seventy-six married patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were selected and sex- and age-matched with 75 concurrent married patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Couples received a letter of explanation and then completed telephone interviews. Forty-seven questions assessed memory, concentration, general health, social functioning, and emotional state. Response choices were: improved, unchanged, or deteriorated function after coronary artery bypass grafting/percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Results. Patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting did not differ in subjective ratings on any measure from patients who had undergone percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. There were no differences between spouses in the respective groups; spouse ratings also did not differ from patient ratings. Only in memory function did patients and spouses report a postprocedural decline.Conclusions. No subjective differences were found in patients who had undergone either coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Spouse ratings agreed with each other and with patient ratings. Positive correlations were found between the questionnaire factors, suggesting that perceived health and well-being are associated with subjective cognition.
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| 34. |
- Bergquist, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Structured Diagnostic and Treatment Approach Versus the Usual Primary Care Approach in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease : A Cluster-randomized Multicenter Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. - 0192-0790 .- 1539-2031. ; 47:7, s. E65-E73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goals: To compare the clinical outcomes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients treated with an implemented new structured pathway (NSP) or according to existing local clinical practices [old clinical pathway (OCP)]. Background: GERD is a major challenge at the primary care level. Study: Primary care centers (n=24) were cluster randomized to handle patients suffering from symptoms suggestive of GERD according to the NSP (n=97) or the OCP (n=134). In the NSP, the GerdQ questionnaire score was used both for diagnosis and management including treatment. We used validated questionnaires to evaluate disease symptoms, quality of life, and costs at inclusion and at follow-up 2 to 6 months later. Results: On the basis of the Reflux Disease Questionnaire, 56% of the patients treated with the NSP reported total symptom relief at the follow-up compared with 33% in the OCP group (P=0.0013). The reflux symptoms after treatment affected daily activities to a lesser extent in the patients in the NSP group compared with the OCP group (10% vs. 13%, respectively, P=0.01). The utility score of the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire improved more in the NSP group than in the OCP group (0.05 vs. 0.02, respectively, P<0.001). The patients in the NSP group had an approximately 50% lower average total cost for GERD-related health care resources compared with the OCP group [301 Swedish Kronor (SEK) vs. 588 SEK, respectively, NS]. Conclusions: The management of GERD patients in primary care centers using a structured clinical pathway and the results of the GerdQ improves the clinical outcome compared with prevailing local routines (NCT00842387).
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Berntsson, Thore, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Sustainabel Oil Refinery - Pre-study for larger co-operation project
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report, the Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC) presents the results of a pre-study commissioned by Preem relating to the effective production of future vehicle fuels.This pre-study was made up of three studies focusing on energy streamlining, the utilisation of waste heat and carbon-dioxide separation and biorefinement relating to the gasification and hydration of vegetable oils. One of the common starting points for these studies was the current situation at the Preem refineries in Göteborg and Lysekil from where the measurement data were obtained and analysed. The report summarises the knowledge situation based on current research in the individual technical fields. The results present some interesting future opportunities for developing the sustainable production of future vehicle fuels. The sections vary, as the areas that have been examined differ and the sections have been written by different people. The reports ends with some joint conclusions and a number of questions which could be included and answered in a more extensive future main study, as part of a developed research partnership between Preem and the Chalmers University of Technology. The preliminary results of this work were analysed with the client at workshops on 1 October and 29 November 2007. The report is written in English combined with an extensive summary in Swedish including a proposal on a future main study. The study was conducted by the Chalmers EnergiCentrum (CEC), in collaboration with a number of researchers in the CEC’s network. They included Thore Berntsson, Jessica Algehed, Erik Hektor and Lennart Persson Elmeroth, all from Heat and Power Technology, Börje Gevert, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tobias Richards, Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Filip Johnsson and Anders Lyngfelt, Energy Technology, and Per-Åke Franck and Anders Åsblad, CIT Industriell Energianalys AB. The client, Preem, was represented by Bengt Ahlén, Sören Eriksson, Johan Jervehed, Bertil Karlsson, Gunnar Olsson, Ulf Kuylenstierna, Stefan Nyström, Martin Sjöberg and Thomas Ögren. Tobias Richards was responsible for compiling the report and Bertil Pettersson was the project manager.
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| 38. |
- Biegert, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
Control of the frequency chirp rate of high harmonic pulses
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Springer Series in Chemical Physics. - 0172-6218. ; 79, s. 204-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the frequency chirp rate of harmonics 13 to 23 in argon by cross-correlation with a short femtosecond probe pulse. We directly measured the negative chirp due to the atomic dipole phase and demonstrated that an additional chirp on the pump pulse was transferred to the qth harmonic as q times the fundamental chirp.
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| 39. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Elimination of S100B and renal function after cardiac surgery
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8422 .- 1053-0770. ; 14:6, s. 698-701
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To determine the biologic half-life of the S100B protein and to investigate if the elimination of S100B depends on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). DESIGN: Prospective human study. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS: Shed mediastinal blood (autotransfusion) was returned to the patients postoperatively and used to study the kinetics of S100B. Iohexol was infused simultaneously to estimate GFR. S100B was measured at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 180 minutes after infusion. Iohexol was measured at 180 and 240 minutes after infusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: S100B followed first-order kinetics, and the biologic half-life for S100B was determined to be 25.3 +/- 5.1 minutes. GFR was determined to be 63.8 +/- 34.4 mL/min. No correlation was found between GFR and S100B half-life. CONCLUSIONS: The elimination of S100B after cardiac surgery is faster than reported earlier and not affected by a moderate decrease in GFR. This finding is important when evaluating S100B levels after cardiac surgery.
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| 40. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
God livskvalitet efter hjärtoperation. Bedöms lika av patient och anhörig
- 1999
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 96:47, s. 5233-5236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a series of 83 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting for angina, perceived QOL (quality of life) was rated by the patients and their spouses, preoperatively and at two and 12 months postoperatively, using the SWED-QUAL instrument. One year after surgery, QOL had improved to a level which might be expected of a normal population comparable in age and gender distribution. Good correlation existed between patient and spouse ratings, especially on physical measures.
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| 41. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
S100beta after coronary artery surgery: release pattern, source of contamination, and relation to neuropsychological outcome
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 1552-6259. ; 68:6, s. 2202-2208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: S100beta has been suggested as a marker of brain damage after cardiac operation. The aim of this study was to characterize the early S100beta release in detail and relate it to neuropsychological outcome. METHODS: Three groups of patients were investigated. All patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation. In group A, 110 patients had sampling of S100beta for the first 10 postoperative hours and also underwent neuropsychological testing. In group B, 14 patients were examined for the effect of autotransfusion on S100beta levels. Eight patients in group C had their intraoperative bleeding processed with a cell-saving device. RESULTS: Group A had a heterogeneous release pattern with several rapid elevations in S100beta concentration. In group B, high concentrations of S100beta were found in the autotransfusion blood (range 0.2 to 210 microg/L) with a concurrent elevation of serum S100beta levels after transfusion of shed blood. In group C, high levels of S100beta were found in the blood from the surgical field (12.0+/-6.0 microg/L) and decreased (1.1+/-0.64 microg/L) after wash. Group C had significantly lower S100beta values at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass compared to group A (0.53+/-0.35 microg/L versus 2.40+/-1.5 microg/L). S100beta values were corrected for extracerebral contamination with a kinetic model. With this correction, an association was found between adverse neuropsychological outcome and S100beta release in group A (r = 0.39, p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A significant amount of S100beta is found both in the blood from the surgical field and in the shed mediastinal blood postoperatively. Infusion of this blood will result in infusion of S100beta into the blood and interfere in the interpretation of early systemic S100beta values.
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| 42. |
- Bladh, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Soot Particle Aggregation on Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence Signals
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 104:2, s. 331-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a versatile technique for quantitative soot measurements in flames and exhausts. When used for particle sizing, the time-resolved signals are analysed as these will show a decay rate dependent on the soot particle size. Such an analysis has traditionally been based on the assumption of isolated primary particles. However, soot particles in flames and exhausts are usually aggregated, which implies loss of surface area, less heat conduction and hence errors in estimated particle sizes. In this work we present an experimental investigation aiming to quantify this effect. A soot generator, based on a propane diffusion flame, was used to produce a stable soot stream and the soot was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an aerosol particle mass analyzer coupled in series after a differential mobility analyzer (DMA-APM). Despite nearly identical primary particle size distributions for three selected operating conditions, LII measurements resulted in signal decays with significant differences in decay rate. However, the three cases were found to have quite different levels of aggregation as shown both in TEM images and mobility size distributions, and the results agree qualitatively with the expected effect of diminished heat conduction from aggregated particles resulting in longer LII signal decays. In an attempt to explain the differences quantitatively, the LII signal dependence on aggregation was modelled using a heat and mass transfer model for LII given the primary particle and aggregate size distribution data as input. Quantitative agreement was not reached and reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
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| 43. |
- Bladh, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of spatial laser energy distribution on evaluated soot particle sizes using two-colour laser-induced incandescence in a flat premixed ethylene/air flame
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics B. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2171 .- 1432-0649. ; 96:4, s. 645-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (LII) has been developed rapidly during the last decade as a useful non-intrusive technique for particle size determination. Still several parameters should be investigated in order to improve the accuracy of LII for particle sizing and the spatial distribution of the laser energy is one of these. Generally a top-hat profile is recommended, as this ensures a uniform heating of all particles in the measurement volume. As it is generally not straightforward to create a uniform beam profile, it is of interest to establish the influence of various profiles on the evaluated particle sizes. In this work we present both an experimental and a theoretical investigation of the influence of the spatial profile on evaluated sizes. All experiments were carried out using a newly developed setup for two-colour LII (2C-LII) which provides online monitoring of both the spatial and temporal profile as well as the laser pulse energy. The LII measurements were performed in a one-dimensional premixed sooting ethylene/air flame, and evaluated particle sizes from LII were compared with thermophoretically sampled soot particles analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that although there is some influence of the spatial laser energy distribution on the evaluated particle sizes both in modelling and experiments, this effect is substantially smaller than the influence of the uncertainties in gas temperature and the thermal accommodation coefficient.
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| 44. |
- Bladh, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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On the dependence of the laser-induced incandescence (LII) signal on soot volume fraction for variations in particle size
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. ; 90:1, s. 109-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “The laser-induced incandescence (LII) signal is proportional to soot volume fraction” is an often used statement in scientific papers, and it has – within experimental uncertainties – been validated in comparisons with other diagnostic techniques in several investigations. In 1984 it was shown theoretically in a paper by Melton that there is a deviation from this statement in that the presence of larger particles leads to some overestimation of soot volume fractions. In the present paper we present a detailed theoretical investigation of how the soot particle size influences the relationship between LII signal and soot volume fraction for different experimental conditions. Several parameters have been varied; detection wavelength, time and delay of detection gate, ambient gas temperature and pressure, laser fluence, level of aggregation and spatial profile. Based on these results we are able, firstly, to understand how experimental conditions should be chosen in order to minimize the errors introduced when assuming a linear dependence between the signal and volume fraction and secondly, to obtain knowledge on how to use this information to obtain more accurate soot volume fraction data if the particle size is known.
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| 45. |
- Bladh, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Optical soot characterization using two-color laser-induced incandescence (2C-LII) in the soot growth region of a premixed flat flame
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 33, s. 641-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The soot growth region of a premixed one-dimensional ethylene/air flame has been investigated using two-color laser-induced incandescence (2C-LII) with focus on optical soot properties. From the 2C-LII technique, primary soot particle sizes were deduced together with the temperature from pyrometry of the laser-heated particles, while the gas temperatures were obtained from pure rotational CARS nitrogen thermometry. Soot particle sizes were also measured from thermophoretically sampled soot particles analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the results showed growing isolated primary soot particles up to a height of 10 mm, after which strong soot aggregation occurred and the increase in soot primary particle size ceased. The measured data was used in the evaluation of the soot absorption function, E(m), and a strong increase by a factor of two was observed from the lowest heights to the highest for assumed constant values of soot density and specific heat at all heights. By comparing the 2C-LII particle sizes with the sizes obtained from TEM, differences were observed. Part of the explanation is that the 2C-LII evaluation did not take aggregation into account, but it is additionally speculated that the thermal accommodation coefficient decreases with height above burner. These results are interesting in view of morphological and composition changes of the soot during the growth process and have implications for the use of 2C-LII as a soot diagnostic technique. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Nu krävs satsning på forskning för ett hållbart arbetsliv
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - 1104-7488.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debatt: Vi vill att forskningsråden skapar tvärvetenskapliga regionala forskningscentrum för arbetslivsforskning, som är internationellt konkurrenskraftiga och ger nationellt och regionalt kunskapsstöd. Dessa centrum ska ge kunskaper för både befintliga och framtida utmaningar. Stora vinster kan fås om forskning om folkhälsa och yttre miljö samordnas i centrumen. Arbetslivet är grunden för hälsa, välstånd och ett välfungerande samhälle. För att säkra att framtidens arbetsliv bidrar till hälsa och välstånd behövs både kunskap om hur det ska utformas och en uthållig infrastruktur för forskning. Tyvärr saknas detta. Gammal kunskap faller i glömska.
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| 47. |
- Boll, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules
- 2014
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Ingår i: Faraday Discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-5498. ; 171, s. 57-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray free-electron laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C8H5F) and dissociating, laser-aligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C6H4Br2) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.
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| 48. |
- Brasse, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy : From a bound molecule to an isolated atom
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 97:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to its element and site specificity, inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy is a widely used technique to probe the chemical structure of matter. Here, we show that time-resolved inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy can be employed to observe ultrafast chemical reactions and the electronic response to the nuclear motion with high sensitivity. The ultraviolet dissociation of iodomethane (CH3I) is investigated by ionization above the iodine 4d edge, using time-resolved inner-shell photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy. The dynamics observed in the photoelectron spectra appear earlier and are faster than those seen in the iodine fragments. The experimental results are interpreted using crystal-field and spin-orbit configuration interaction calculations, and demonstrate that time-resolved inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy is a powerful tool to directly track ultrafast structural and electronic transformations in gas-phase molecules.
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| 49. |
- Brizuela, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient high order harmonic generation boosted by below threshold harmonics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases has been established as an important technique for the generation of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses at ultrashort time scales. Its main drawback, however, is the low conversion efficiency, setting limits for many applications, such as ultrafast coherent imaging, nonlinear processes in the XUV range, or seeded free electron lasers. Here we introduce a novel scheme based on using below-threshold harmonics, generated in a seeding cell, to boost the HHG process in a generation cell, placed further downstream in the focused laser beam. By modifying the fundamental driving field, these low-order harmonics alter the ionization step of the nonlinear HHG process. Our dual-cell scheme enhances the conversion efficiency of HHG, opening the path for the realization of robust intense attosecond XUV sources.
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| 50. |
- Burt, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Coulomb-explosion imaging of concurrent CH2BrI photodissociation dynamics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 96:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics following laser-induced molecular photodissociation of gas-phase CH2BrI at 271.6 nm were investigated by time-resolved Coulomb-explosion imaging using intense near-IR femtosecond laser pulses. The observed delay-dependent photofragment momenta reveal that CH2BrI undergoes C-I cleavage, depositing 65.6% of the available energy into internal product states, and that absorption of a second UV photon breaks the C-Br bond of C(H)2Br. Simulations confirm that this mechanism is consistent with previous data recorded at 248 nm, demonstrating the sensitivity of Coulomb-explosion imaging as a real-time probe of chemical dynamics.
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