| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 5. |
- Vos, Theo, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Aaltonen, T., et al.
(författare)
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Combination of Tevatron Searches for the Standard Model Higgs Boson in the W+W- Decay Mode
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 104:6, s. 061802-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for a Higgs boson decaying to W+W-. The data correspond to an integrated total luminosity of 4.8 (CDF) and 5.4 (D0) fb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. No excess is observed above background expectation, and resulting limits on Higgs boson production exclude a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range 162-166 GeV at the 95% C.L.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Artigas Soler, María, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1082-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.
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| 11. |
- Bergström, Jonas, 1976-
(författare)
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Flow Field and Fibre Fractionation Studies in Hydrocyclones
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrocyclones can be used to fractionate fibres according to their papermaking potential. The obtained fractions typically differ in fibre wall thickness and/or degree of fibre treatment. Despite a multitude of potential application scenarios, the process has so far had little commercial success. This is largely explained by the low fractionation efficiency and unfavourable operating characteristics of the process. The fractionation efficiency of a hydrocyclone is closely related to its flow field. The influence of pulp concentration on the tangential velocity field was therefore studied, by using a self-cleaning pitometer. It was found that the pulp concentration had a strong influence on the tangential velocity. At a feed pulp concentration above 7.5 g/l, the suspension rotated almost as a solid body. As a consequence, the magnitude of radial acceleration and shear stresses decreased dramatically. It is suggested that this is detrimental to the fractionation efficiency. The radial velocity field was measured using an Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler. The measurements showed that the rotational centre of the flow field did not correspond with the geometrical centre of the hydrocyclone. This displacement caused the tangential velocity component of the vortex to contribute substantially to the measurement result of the radial velocity component. Based on the findings in respect to the flow field studies, a novel design for a fibre fractionation hydrocyclone was proposed. The flow field inside this hydrocyclone was compared to that in a conventional hydrocyclone. It was found, that high radial acceleration and shear stresses could be maintained in the novel design even at high fibre concentration. The fractionation efficiency of the novel hydrocyclone was characterised in terms of surface roughness difference between fine and coarse fraction. When operated with refined bleached softwood kraft pulp, the novel hydrocyclone could produce fractions with a substantial surface roughness difference without deteriorating the dewatering characteristics of the fine fraction. A low thickening of the reject is proposed to be the explanation for that. When fractionating TMP, the best efficiency occurred at a concentration of 10 g/l.
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| 12. |
- Cnattingius, S., et al.
(författare)
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Investigating fetal growth restriction and perinatal risks in appropriate for gestational age infants : using cohort and within-sibling analyses
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 126:7, s. 842-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Fetal growth restriction refers to fetuses that fail to reach their growth potential. Studies within siblings may be useful to disclose fetal growth restriction in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. We analysed associations between birthweight percentiles and perinatal risks in AGA infants, using both population-based and within-sibling analyses.Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting and sample Using nation-wide Swedish registries (1987-2012), we identified 2 134 924 singleton AGA births (10th-90th birthweight percentile for gestational age), of whom 1 377 326 were full siblings.Methods: Unconditional Poisson regression was used for population analyses, and conditional (matched) Poisson regression for within-sibling analyses. We estimated associations between birthweight percentiles and stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and morbidity, using incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Stillbirth and neonatal mortality risks declined with increasing birthweight percentiles, but the declines were larger in within-sibling analyses. Compared with the reference group (40th to <60th percentile), IRRs (95% CIs) of stillbirth for the lowest and highest percentile groups (10th to <25th and 75th-90th percentiles, respectively) were 1.87 (1.72-2.03) to 0.76 (0.68-0.85) in population analysis and 2.60 (2.27-2.98) and 0.43 (0.36-0.50) in within-sibling analysis. Neonatal morbidity risks in term non-malformed infants with low birthweight percentiles were generally only increased in within-sibling analyses.Conclusion: Using birthweight information from siblings may help to define fetal growth restriction in AGA infants.
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| 13. |
- Cnattingius, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Keep it in the family : comparing perinatal risks in small-for-gestational-age infants based on population vs within-sibling designs
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:1, s. 297-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth is commonly used as a proxy for fetal growth restriction, but also includes constitutionally small infants. Genetic factors account for almost half of the risk of SGA birth. We estimated perinatal risks of SGA birth using both population-based and within-sibling analyses, where the latter by design controls for shared genetic factors and maternal environmental factors that are constant across pregnancies.Methods: This was a prospective nationwide cohort study of 2 616 974 singleton infants born in Sweden between January 1987 and December 2012, of whom 1 885 924 were full siblings. We estimated associations between severe or moderate SGA (<3rd percentile and 3rd to <10th percentiles, respectively) and risks of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and morbidity, using both population-based and within-sibling analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in stillbirth analyses, whereas relative risks (RRs) were used for analyses of neonatal outcomes.Results: Compared with non-SGA births (>10th percentile), the HR (95% CI) of stillbirth was 18.5 (95% CI 17.4-19.5) among severe SGA births in the population analysis and 22.5 (95% CI 18.7-27.1) in the within-sibling analysis. In non-malformed infants, RRs for neonatal mortality in moderate and severe SGA infants were similarly increased in both population and within-sibling analyses. In term non-malformed infants (>= 37 weeks), SGA-related RRs of several neonatal morbidities were higher in within-sibling than in population analyses.Conclusions: Perinatal risks associated with fetal growth restriction are more accurately estimated from analyses of SGA in which genetic factors are accounted for.
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| 14. |
- Croné, Philip
(författare)
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Continuum modelling of work hardening in precipitation hardened alloys
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with prediction of macroscopic work hardening in a precipitation hardened alloy. The focus is on the particle contribution. A hierarchical modelling approach is adopted where work hardening in a representative material volume on the microscale is homogenized and used to represent the macroscopic hardening. The modelling on the smaller scale is carried out within the framework of an isotropic continuum strain gradient plasticity theory where particlesare modelled as elastic zones embedded in a continuous isotropic elastic-plasticmatrix. Effects of plastic deformation in smaller particles are included as well.Moreover, the interface between a particle and its surrounding matrix is modelled as a separate region of zero thickness. The end result is an analytical model that highlights the particle contribution under cyclic deformation assuming small plastic strains, and a small to moderate volume fraction of particles. The model moreover allows effects of plastic relaxation around particles to be included in a straightforward manner, which in turn allows larger plastic strains to be considered. Validation of the model is carried out by comparison with experimental uniaxial tension/compression data on a maragin stainless 15-5 steel containingspherical Cu-precipitates. In the first validation, only monotonic loading is considered and the model is brought to close agreement with the data up to a plasticstrain of 7.5% via the implementation of a plastic relaxation model. In the second validation, the model is compared to cyclic tension/compression experiments with plastic strain amplitudes up to 1%. Generally excellent agreement between model and experimental data is obtained.
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| 15. |
- Elm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Computational study of the Rayleigh light scattering properties of atmospheric pre-nucleation clusters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 16:22, s. 10883-10890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rayleigh and hyper Rayleigh scattering properties of the binary (H2SO4)(H2O)(n) and ternary (H2SO4)(NH3)(H2O) n clusters are investigated using a quantum mechanical response theory approach. The molecular Rayleigh scattering intensities are expressed using the dipole polarizability alpha and hyperpolarizability beta tensors. Using density functional theory, we elucidate the effect of cluster morphology on the scattering properties using a combinatorial sampling approach. We find that the Rayleigh scattering intensity depends quadratically on the number of water molecules in the cluster and that a single ammonia molecule is able to induce a high anisotropy, which further increases the scattering intensity. The hyper Rayleigh scattering activities are found to be extremely low. This study presents the first attempt to map the scattering of atmospheric molecular clusters using a bottom-up approach.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Johnson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of tachycardia and sympathetic stimulation by cold pressor test on cardiac diastology and arterial function in elderly females
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6135 .- 1522-1539. ; 304:7, s. H1002-H1009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Johnson J, Hakansson F, Shahgaldi K, Manouras A, Norman M, Sahlen A. Impact of tachycardia and sympathetic stimulation by cold pressor test on cardiac diastology and arterial function in elderly females. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 304: H1002-H1009, 2013. First published January 25, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00837.2012.-Abnormal vascular-ventricular coupling has been suggested to contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in elderly females. Failure to increase stroke volume (SV) during exercise occurs in parallel with dynamic changes in arterial physiology leading to increased afterload. Such adverse vascular reactivity during stress may reflect either sympathoexcitation or be due to tachycardia. We hypothesized that afterload elevation induces SV failure by transiently attenuating left ventricular relaxation, a phenomenon described in animal research. The respective roles of tachycardia and sympathoexcitation were investigated in n = 28 elderly females (70 +/- 4 yr) carrying permanent pacemakers. At rest, during atrial tachycardia pacing (ATP; 100 min(-1)) and during cold pressor test (hand immersed in ice water), we performed Doppler echocardiography (maximal untwist rate analyzed by speckle tracking imaging of rotational mechanics) and arterial tonometry (arterial stiffness estimated as augmentation index). Estimation of arterial compliance was based on an exponential relationship between arterial pressure and volume. We found that ATP produced central hypovolemia and a reduction in SV which was larger in patients with stiffer arteries (higher augmentation index). There was an associated adverse response of arterial compliance and vascular resistance during ATP and cold pressor test, causing an overall increase in afterload, but nonetheless enhanced maximal rate of untwist and no evidence of afterload-dependent failure of relaxation. In conclusion, tachycardia and cold provocation in elderly females produces greater vascular reactivity and SV failure in the presence of arterial stiffening, but SV failure does not arise secondary to afterload-dependent attenuation of relaxation.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 21. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 22. |
- Kemper, M, et al.
(författare)
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Method for fractionating an aqueous paper fibre suspension and hydrocyclone for carrying out said method
- 2008
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The invention relates to a method and to a device which is used to fraction aqueous paper fibre suspensions (S). Relatively large centrifugal forces are used, also in suspension components having essentially the same densities, in order to achieve good results. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the paper fibre suspension (S) entering via the inlet (10) is guided initially in a first annular chamber (4) which narrows in an axial direction (4) and subsequently in a second annular chamber (5) which widens in an axial direction. As a result, good fractionating results can be obtained, in particular, when the fibre material consistency in the inlet area is approximately 0.5 - 2 % and also the necessary mass fluxes are maintained at a relatively low level. Said method can be used, for example, for fractionating fresh cellulose and/or wood pulp. It can also be used in the preparation of used paper, wherein said method is particularly economical.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Msuya, Sia E, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Associated Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from a Community-Based Survey in Tanzania
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Vaccines. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-393X. ; 11:2, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is a major public health threat associated with the increased global burden of infectious diseases, mortality, and enormous economic loss to countries and communities. Safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines are crucial in halting the pandemic. We assessed the COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among community members from eight regions in Tanzania. The interviewer-administered questionnaire collected data. Multiple logistic regression models determined the factors associated with vaccine uptake. The median age of 3470 respondents was 37 years (interquartile range of 29-50 years) and 66% of them were females. Only 18% of them had received the COVID-19 vaccine, ranging from 8% in Dar es Salaam to 37% in Simiyu regions. A third (34%) of those vaccinated people did not know which vaccine they were given. Significantly higher rates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake were among the respondents aged 30+ years, males, and with a history of COVID-19 infection. Unfavorable perceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy lowered the rates of vaccine uptake. Setting-specific interventions and innovations are critical to improving vaccine uptake, given the observed differences between regions. Efforts are needed to increase vaccine uptake among women and younger people aged less than 30 years. Knowledge-based interventions should enhance the understanding of the available vaccines, benefits, target groups, and availability.
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| 27. |
- Mtei, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence in COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and safety and its effect on vaccine uptake in Tanzania : A community-based cross-sectional study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. - 2164-5515. ; 19:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is a major public health threat associated with increased disease burden, mortality, and economic loss to countries and communities. Safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines are key in halting and reversing the pandemic. Low confidence in vaccines has been one of the factors leading to hesitancy. We aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine confidence (safety and effectiveness), associated factors, and its effects on vaccine uptake among general community members in Tanzania. This was a community-based cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 in six regions of Tanzania mainland and two regions in Zanzibar. Participants were interviewed using an electronic questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors associated with vaccine confidence. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. The study enrolled 3470 general Tanzanian community members; their mean age was 40.3 (standard deviation ±14.9) years, and 34% were males. The proportion of COVID-19 vaccine confidence was 54.6%. Geographical region, residence area, COVID-19 disease risk perception, and good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine confidence. Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines was associated with over three times higher odds of vaccine uptake. Confidence in COVID-19 vaccines was low in Tanzania. Innovative community engagement strategies and region-specific interventions are needed to improve comprehensive knowledge and address community perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines.
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| 28. |
- Mulligan, Stephen P, et al.
(författare)
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Cladribine prolongs progression-free survival and time to second treatment compared to fludarabine and high-dose chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 55:12, s. 2769-2777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a randomized phase III trial to compare the efficacy and safety of two purine analogs, cladribine and fludarabine, with high-dose chlorambucil, in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Between 1997 and 2004, 223 patients with CLL were randomly assigned to cladribine, fludarabine or chlorambucil, for six cycles of therapy with frequent health-related quality of life assessments. There was no statistical difference for the primary endpoint of overall response with cladribine (70%), fludarabine (67%) and chlorambucil (59%), or complete remission (12%, 7% and 8%), respectively. However, the median progression-free survival (25, 10, 9 months) and median time to second treatment (40, 22, 21 months) were superior with cladribine. There was no significant difference in overall survival (96, 82 and 91 months), nor in toxicity or HRQoL assessments. Monotherapy with cladribine gives superior PFS and longer response duration than fludarabine and chlorambucil as first-line treatment of CLL.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Murray, Sarah R, et al.
(författare)
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Geographical differences in preterm delivery rates in Sweden: a population-based cohort study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 98:1, s. 106-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preterm delivery is a major global public health challenge. The objective of this study was to determine how the preterm delivery rates differ throughout a country of very high human-development index and to explore rural versus urban environmental and socio-economic factors which might be responsible for this variation.A population-based study was performed using data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1998 to 2013. Sweden was chosen as a model because of its validated routinely collected data and availability of individual social data. The total population comprised 1 335 802 singleton births. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust gestational age for known risk factors (maternal smoking, ethnicity, maternal education, maternal age, height, fetal gender, maternal diabetes, maternal hypertension and parity). A second and a third model were subsequently fitted allowing separate intercepts for each municipality (as fixed or random effects). Adjusted gestational ages were converted to preterm delivery rates and mapped to maternal residential municipalities. Additionally, the effects of six rural versus urban environmental and socio-economic factors on gestational age were tested using simple weighted linear regression.The study population preterm delivery rate was 4.12%. Marked differences from the overall preterm delivery rate were observed (rate estimates ranged from 1.73% - 6.31%). Statistical significance of this heterogeneity across municipalities was confirmed by a chi-squared test (p<0.001). Around 20% of the gestational age variance explained by the full model (after adjustment for known variables described above) could be attributed to municipality-level effects. In addition, gestational age was found to be longer in areas with higher fraction of built upon land and other urban features.After adjusting for known risk factors large geographical differences in rates of preterm delivery remain. Additional analyses to look at the effect of environmental and socio-economic factors on gestational age revealed an increased gestational age in urban areas. Future research strategies could focus on investigating the urbanity effect to try to explain the preterm delivery variation across countries with a very high human-development index. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
- Norman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the spatial scale in DNA-based monitoring schemes: ascertainment bias in transnational assessments
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harmonising methodology between countries is crucial in transborder population monitoring. However, immediate application of alleged, established DNA-based methods across the extended area can entail drawbacks and may lead to biases. Therefore, genetic methods need to be tested across the whole area before being deployed. Around 4,500 brown bears (Ursus arctos) live in Norway, Sweden, and Finland and they are divided into the western (Scandinavian) and eastern (Karelian) population. Both populations have recovered and are connected via asymmetric migration. DNA-based population monitoring in Norway and Sweden uses the same set of genetic markers. With Finland aiming to implement monitoring, we tested the available SNP-panel developed to assess brown bears in Norway and Sweden, on tissue samples from a representative set of 93 legally harvested individuals from Finland. The aim was to test for ascertainment bias and evaluate its suitability for DNA-based transnational-monitoring covering all three countries. We compared results to the performance of microsatellite genotypes of the same individuals in Finland and against SNP-genotypes from individuals sampled in Sweden (N = 95) and Norway (N = 27). In Finland, a higher resolution for individual identification was obtained for SNPs (PI = 1.18E-27) compared to microsatellites (PI = 4.2E-11). Compared to Norway and Sweden, probability of identity of the SNP-panel was slightly higher and expected heterozygosity lower in Finland indicating ascertainment bias. Yet, our evaluation show that the available SNP-panel outperforms the microsatellite panel currently applied in Norway and Sweden. The SNP-panel represents a powerful tool that could aid improving transnational DNA-based monitoring of brown bears across these three countries.
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| 32. |
- Norman, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape relatedness : detecting contemporary fine-scale spatial structure in wild populations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 32:1, s. 181-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods for detecting contemporary, fine-scale population genetic structure in continuous populations are scarce. Yet such methods are vital for ecological and conservation studies, particularly under a changing landscape. Here we present a novel, spatially explicit method that we call landscape relatedness (LandRel). With this method, we aim to detect contemporary, fine-scale population structure that is sensitive to spatial and temporal changes in the landscape. We interpolate spatially determined relatedness values based on SNP genotypes across the landscape. Interpolations are calculated using the Bayesian inference approach integrated nested Laplace approximation. We empirically tested this method on a continuous population of brown bears (Ursus arctos) spanning two counties in Sweden. Two areas were identified as differentiated from the remaining population. Further analysis suggests that inbreeding has occurred in at least one of these areas. LandRel enabled us to identify previously unknown fine-scale structuring in the population. These results will help direct future research efforts, conservation action and aid in the management of the Scandinavian brown bear population. LandRel thus offers an approach for detecting subtle population structure with a focus on contemporary, fine-scale analysis of continuous populations.
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| 33. |
- Norman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy With Neonatal Outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 325:20, s. 2076-2086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The outcomes of newborn infants of women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate neonatal outcomes in relation to maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in pregnancy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Nationwide, prospective cohort study based on linkage of the Swedish Pregnancy Register, the Neonatal Quality Register, and the Register for Communicable Diseases. Ninety-two percent of all live births in Sweden between March 11, 2020, and January 31, 2021, were investigated for neonatal outcomes by March 8, 2021. Infants with malformations were excluded. Infants of women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were matched, directly and using propensity scores, on maternal characteristics with up to 4 comparator infants. EXPOSURES Maternal test positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES In-hospital mortality; neonatal resuscitation; admission for neonatal care; respiratory, circulatory, neurologic, infectious, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and hematologic disorders and their treatments; length of hospital stay; breastfeeding; and infant test positivity for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Of 88 159 infants (49.0% girls), 2323 (1.6%) were delivered by mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean gestational age of infants of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers was 39.2 (SD, 2.2) weeks vs 39.6 (SD, 1.8) weeks for comparator infants, and the proportions of preterm infants (gestational age <37 weeks) were 205/2323 (8.8%) among infants of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and 4719/85 836 (5.5%) among comparator infants. After matching on maternal characteristics, maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity was significantly associated with admission for neonatal care (11.7% vs 8.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.70) and with neonatal morbidities such as respiratory distress syndrome (1.2% vs 0.5%; OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.50-3.84), any neonatal respiratory disorder (2.8% vs 2.0%; OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07-1.90), and hyperbilirubinemia (3.6% vs 2.5%; OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90). Mortality (0.30% vs 0.12%; OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 0.99-6.57), breastfeeding rates at discharge (94.4% vs 95.1%; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67-1.05), and length of stay in neonatal care (median, 6 days in both groups; difference, 0 days; 95% CI, -2 to 7 days) did not differ significantly between the groups. Twenty-one infants (0.90%) of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the neonatal period; 12 did not have neonatal morbidity, 9 had diagnoses with unclear relation to SARS-CoV-2, and none had congenital pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a nationwide cohort of infants in Sweden, maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was significantly associated with small increases in some neonatal morbidities. Given the small numbers of events for many of the outcomes and the large number of statistical comparisons, the findings should be interpreted as exploratory.
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| 34. |
- Norman, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of respiratory support by gestational age in very preterm infants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger. - 1661-7800 .- 1661-7819. ; 120:1, s. 142-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: A detailed understanding of respiratory support patterns in preterm infants is lacking. The aim was to explore and visualize this practice in Sweden.Methods: Preterm infants with gestational ages of 22-31 weeks, admitted to neonatal units reporting daily to the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register and discharged alive in November 2015-April 2022, were included in this descriptive cohort study. Proportions receiving mechanical ventilation, noninvasive support, or supplemental oxygen were calculated and graphically displayed for each gestational week and postnatal day (range 0-97) up to hospital discharge or 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.Results: Respiratory support in 148,515 days of care (3,368 infants; 54% males; median [interquartile range] birthweight = 1,215 [900-1,525] g) was evaluated. Trajectories showed distinct nonlinear patterns for each category of respiratory support, but differences in respiratory support over the gestational age range were linear: the proportion of infants on mechanical ventilation decreased by -11.7 to -7.3% (variability in estimates related to the postnatal day chosen for regression analysis) for each week higher gestational age (r = -0.99 to -0.87, p ≤ 0.001). The corresponding proportions of infants with supplemental oxygen decreased by -12.4% to -4.5% for each week higher gestational age (r = -0.98 to -0.94, p < 0.001). At 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, dependencies on mechanical ventilation, noninvasive support, and supplemental oxygen varied from 3%, 84%, and 94% at 22 weeks to 0%, 3%, and 5% at 31 weeks of gestational age, respectively.Conclusions: Respiratory support patterns in very preterm infants follow nonlinear, gestational age-specific postnatal trajectories in a dose-response-related fashion.
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| 35. |
- Ortega-Garcia, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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The Multiscenario Multienvironment BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB)
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 0162-8828 .- 1939-3539. ; 32:6, s. 1097-1111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new multimodal biometric database designed and acquired within the framework of the European BioSecure Network of Excellence is presented. It is comprised of more than 600 individuals acquired simultaneously in three scenarios: 1) over the Internet, 2) in an office environment with desktop PC, and 3) in indoor/outdoor environments with mobile portable hardware. The three scenarios include a common part of audio/video data. Also, signature and fingerprint data have been acquired both with desktop PC and mobile portable hardware. Additionally, hand and iris data were acquired in the second scenario using desktop PC. Acquisition has been conducted by 11 European institutions. Additional features of the BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB) are: two acquisition sessions, several sensors in certain modalities, balanced gender and age distributions, multimodal realistic scenarios with simple and quick tasks per modality, cross-European diversity, availability of demographic data, and compatibility with other multimodal databases. The novel acquisition conditions of the BMDB allow us to perform new challenging research and evaluation of either monomodal or multimodal biometric systems, as in the recent BioSecure Multimodal Evaluation campaign. A description of this campaign including baseline results of individual modalities from the new database is also given. The database is expected to be available for research purposes through the BioSecure Association during 2008. © 2010 IEEE.
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| 36. |
- Patterson, Allison, et al.
(författare)
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Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:17, s. 3800-3807
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony.5,6 As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
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| 37. |
- Paxling, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Therapist Behaviours in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy : Analyses of E-Mail Correspondence in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1352-4658 .- 1469-1833. ; 41:3, s. 280-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) has been found to be an effective way to disseminate psychological treatment, and support given by a therapist seems to be important in order to achieve good outcomes. Little is known about what the therapists actually do when they provide support in iCBT and whether their behaviour influences treatment outcome. Aims: This study addressed the content of therapist e-mails in guided iCBT for generalized anxiety disorder. Method: We examined 490 e-mails from three therapists providing support to 44 patients who participated in a controlled trial on iCBT for generalized anxiety disorder. Results: Through content analysis of the written correspondence, eight distinguishable therapist behaviours were derived: deadline flexibility, task reinforcement, alliance bolstering, task prompting, psychoeducation, self-disclosure, self-efficacy shaping, and empathetic utterances. We found that task reinforcement, task prompting, self-efficacy shaping and empathetic utterances correlated with module completion. Deadline flexibility was negatively associated with outcome and task reinforcement positively correlated with changes on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Conclusions: Different types of therapist behaviours can be identified in iCBT, and though many of these behaviours are correlated to each other, different behaviours have an impact on change in symptoms and module completion.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Stubbehandling
- 2011
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Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 135-175
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 40. |
- Shah, Prakesh S., et al.
(författare)
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Infants Born to Mothers Who Were SARS-CoV-2 Positive during Pregnancy and Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger. - 1661-7800 .- 1661-7819. ; 119:5, s. 619-628
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to compare neonatal outcomes and resource use of neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 positivity during pregnancy with neonates born to mothers without SARS-CoV-2 positivity.METHODS: We conducted a two-country cohort study of neonates admitted between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021, to tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Canada and Sweden. Neonates from mothers who were SARS-CoV-2 positive during pregnancy were compared with three randomly selected NICU neonates of mothers who were not test-positive, matched on gestational age, sex, and birth weight (±0.25 SD). Subgroup analyses were conducted for neonates born <33 weeks' gestation and mothers who were SARS-CoV-2 positive ≤10 days prior to birth. Primary outcome was duration of respiratory support. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, neonatal morbidity, late-onset sepsis, receipt of breast milk at discharge, and length of stay.RESULTS: There were 163 exposed and 468 matched neonates in Canada, and 303 exposed and 903 matched neonates in Sweden. There was no statistically significant difference in invasive or noninvasive respiratory support durations, mortality, respiratory and other neonatal morbidities, or resource utilizations between two groups in both countries in entire cohort and in subgroup analyses. Receipt of breast milk at discharge was lower in the Canadian neonates of mothers who were SARS-CoV-2 positive ≤10 days before birth (risk ratio 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.82).CONCLUSION: Maternal SARS-CoV-2 positivity was not associated with increased durations of respiratory support, morbidities, mortality, or length of hospital stay in Canada and Sweden among neonates admitted to tertiary NICU.
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| 41. |
- Sjoqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Platinum(II) and phosphorus MM3 force field parametrization for chromophore absorption spectra at room temperature
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 114:14, s. 4981-4987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platinum(II) and phosphine MM3 force field parameters are derived from fits to the ground state potential energy surface at the level of Kohn-Sham density functional theory with employment of the B3LYP exchange-correlation functional. The parametrization includes bond stretch, angle bend, and torsional parameters for a planar platinum(II) center with phosphine and ethynyl ligands. The force field is used to study the dynamics of a fifth-generation dendrimer-coated platinum(II)organic compound in tetrahydrofurane solution at room temperature, and, based on a selection of conformations from the molecular dynamics simulation, the averaged linear absorption spectrum is determined with use of the CAM-B3LYP functional. The main absorption peak in the theoretical absorption spectrum is found at a transition wavelength of 325 nm with a full-width at half-maximum of 26 nm due to conformational broadening.
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| 42. |
- Sjöqvist, Jonas, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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A combined MD/QM and experimental exploration of conformational richness in branched oligothiophenes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 16:45, s. 24841-24852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infrared (IR) absorption and vibrational Raman spectra of a family of branched oligothiophenes have been determined experimentally as well as theoretically. The molecular spectra have been compared to those of the linear analogues, with identification made of spectral features due to structural properties that are valued in organic solar cell applications. The theoretical spectra have been obtained through a newly developed method in which individual conformer spectra, calculated at the time-dependent DFT level in this work, are weighted by statistics extracted from classical molecular dynamics trajectories. The agreement with experiment for the resulting averaged spectra is at least as good as, and often better than, what is observed for Boltzmann-weighted spectra. As the weights are available before the costly step of spectrum calculation, the method has the additional advantage of enabling efficient approximations. For simulating the molecular dynamics of the studied α,β-linked thiophenes and 2-methylthiophenes, high quality parameters have been derived for the CHARMM force field. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the IR and Raman spectra have been investigated, both experimentally and theoretically.
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| 43. |
- Sjöqvist, Jonas, 1985-
(författare)
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Light interactions in flexible conjugated dyes
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis methodological developments have been made for the description of flexible conjugated dyes in room temperature spectrum calculations.The methods in question target increased accuracy and efficiency by combining classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with time-dependent response theory spectrum calculations. For absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies a form of conformational averaging is used, where the final spectrum is obtained as an average of spectra calculated for geometries extracted from ground and excited state MD simulations. For infrared and Raman spectroscopies averaged spectra are calculated based on individual spectra, obtained for zero-temperature optimized molecular structures, weighted by conformational statistics from MD trajectories. Statistics for structural properties are also used in both cases to gain additional information about the systems, allowing more efficient utilization of computational resources. As it is essential that the molecular mechanics description of the system is highly accurate for methods of this nature to be effective, high quality force field parameters have been derived, describing the molecules of interest in either the MM3 or CHARMM force fields.These methods have been employed in the study of three systems. The first is a platinum(II) actylide chromophore used in optical power limiting materials, for which a ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrum has been calculated. The second is a family of molecular probes called luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes, used to detect and characterize amyloid proteins, for which both absorption and fluorescence spectra have been calculated. Finally, infrared and Raman spectra have been calculated for a group of branched oligothiophenes used in organic solar cells.In addition, solvation effects have been studied for conjugated poly\-eletrolytes in water, resulting in the development of two solvation models suitable for this class of molecules. The first uses a quantum meachanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) description, in which the solute mole\-cule is described using accurate quantum mechanical methods while the surrounding water molecules are described using point charges and polarizable point dipoles. The second discards the water entirely and removes the ionic groups of the solute. The QM/MM model provides highly accurate results while the cut-down model gives results of slightly lower quality but at a much reduced computational cost.Finally, a study of protein-dye interactions has been performed, with the goal of explaining changes in the luminescence properties of the LCO chromophores when in the presence of amyloid proteins. Results were less than conclusive.
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| 44. |
- Sjöqvist, Jonas, 1985-
(författare)
-
Luminescence properties of flexible conjugated dyes
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this licentiate thesis the luminescence properties of two flexible conjugated dyes have been studied. The first, Pt1, is a platinum(II) acetylide chromophore used in optical power limiting materials. The second is a set of optical probes known as luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs), which are used to detect and characterize the protein structures associated with amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.MM3 and CHARMM force field parameters have been derived for the Pt1 chromophore and LCOs, respectively, based on potential energy surface references calculated at the density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP level of theory. The parameters have been used to perform room temperature molecular dynamics simulations of the chromophores in solvent, where tetrahydrofuran was used for Pt1 and water for the LCOs. Conformationally averaged absorption spectra were obtained, based on response theory calculations at the time-dependent DFT(TDDFT)/CAM-B3LYP level of theory for a selection of structures from the simulations. For one of the LCOs, p-HTAA, force field parameters were also created describing the dominant first excited state, based on TDDFT/B3LYP reference potential energy surfaces. These were used for molecular dynamics simulations of the chromophore in the excited state, allowing the creation of an emission spectrum. A theoretically obtained Stokes shift of 112 nm could be computed based on the absorption and emission spectra, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 124 nm.In addition, a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study of the effects of solvation on the absorption properties of the p-HTAA chromophore in water has been conducted, resulting in two models for including these effects in the averaged spectra. The first includes explicit water molecules in the form of point charges and polarizable dipole moments, and results in an absorption wavelength that is blueshifted by 2 nm from a high quality reference calculation. The second model involves the complete removal of the solvent as well as the ionic groups of the chromophore. The resulting absorption wavelength is blueshifted by an additional 4 nm as compared to the first model, but requires only one fifth of the computational resources.
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| 45. |
- Sjöqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics effects on luminescence properties of oligothiophene derivatives : A molecular mechanics-response theory study based on the CHARMM force field and density functional theory
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 13:39, s. 17532-17542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CHARMM force field parameter values for a class of oligothiophene derivatives have been derived with reference to density functional theory/B3LYP potential energy surfaces. The force field parametrization of these luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes includes the electronic ground state as well as the strongly light absorbing first excited state. In conjunction with quantum chemical response theory calculations of transition state properties, a molecular dynamical model of the Stokes shift is obtained. The theoretical model is benchmarked against experimental data recorded at room temperature which refer to sodium salts of p-HTAA and p-FTAA with distilled water as a solvent. For p-HTAA the theoretically predicted Stokes shift of 112 nm is in good agreement with the experimental result of 124 nm, given the approximations about exciton localization that were introduced to obtain a force field for the excited state.
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| 46. |
- Sjöqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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QM/MM-MD simulations of conjugated polyelectrolytes : A study of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes for use as biophysical probes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 118:19, s. 3419-3428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodological development is reported for the study of luminescence properties of conjugated polyelectrolytes, encompassing systems in which dihedral rotational barriers are easily overcome at room temperature. The components of the model include (i) a molecular mechanics (MM) force field description of the solvent in its electronic ground state as well as the chromophore in its electronic ground and excited states, (ii) a conformational sampling by means of classical molecular dynamics (MD) in the respective electronic states, and (iii) spectral response calculations by means of the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics QM/MM approach. A detailed analysis of the combined polarization effects of the ionic moiety and the polar water solvent is presented. At an increased computational cost of 30% compared to a calculation excluding the solvent, the error in the transition wavelength of the dominant absorption band is kept as small as 1 nm as compared to the high-quality benchmark result, based largely on a QM description of the solvent. At a reduced computational cost the error of the same quantity is kept as small as 6 nm, with the cost reduction being the result of an effective description of the effects of the solvent by means of replacing the carboxylate ions with neutral hydrogens. In absorption spectroscopy, the obtained best theoretical results are in excellent agreement with the experimental benchmark measurement, regarding excitation energies as well as band intensities and profiles. In fluorescence spectroscopy, the experimental spectrum shows a vibrational progression that is not addressed by theory, but the theoretical band position is in excellent agreement with experiment, with a highly accurate description of the Stokes shift as a result.
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| 47. |
- Sjöqvist, Jonas, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a molecular understanding of the detection of amyloid proteins with flexible conjugated oligothiophenes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 118:42, s. 9820-9827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular and electronic structures and optical absorption properties of oligothiophenes used for spectral assignment of amyloid deposits have been investigated for a family of probes known as luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs). Theoretical absorption spectra have been determined using conformational averaging, combining classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) spectrum calculations. Theoretical absorption spectra are in excellent agreement with experiments, showing average errors below 5 nm for absorption maxima. To couple observed properties to molecular structures, a measure of planarity is defined, revealing a strong correlation between the transition wavelength of the first and dominating electronically excited state and dihedral rotations. It is shown that from this correlation, predictions can be made of the absorption properties of probes based only on information from MD trajectories. We show experimentally that red shifts observed in the excitation maxima of LCOs when bound to amyloid protein aggregates are also evident in absorption spectra. We predict that these red shifts are due to conformational restriction of the LCO in a protein binding pocket, causing a planarization of the conjugated backbone. On the basis of our studies of planarity, it is shown that such shifts are both possible and realistic.
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| 48. |
- Stephansson, O., et al.
(författare)
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SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy outcomes under universal and non-universal testing in Sweden: register-based nationwide cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bjog-an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 129:2, s. 282-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To assess associations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and pregnancy outcomes considering testing policy and test-positivity-to-delivery interval. Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting Sweden. Population From the Pregnancy-Register we identified 88 593 singleton births, 11 March 2020-31 January 2021, linked to data on SARS-CoV-2-positivity from the Public Health Agency, and information on neonatal care admission from the Neonatal Quality Register. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated stratified by testing-policy and test-positivity-to-delivery interval. Main outcome measures Five-minute Apgar score, neonatal care admission, stillbirth and preterm birth. Results During pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 test-positivity was 5.4% (794/14 665) under universal testing and 1.9% (1402/73 928) under non-universal testing. There were generally lower risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 under universal than non-universal testing. In women testing positive >10 days from delivery, generally no significant differences in risk were observed under either testing policy. Neonatal care admission was more common (15.3% versus 8.0%; aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.62-3.11) in women testing positive <= 10 days before delivery under universal testing. There was no significant association with 5-minute Apgar score below 7 (1.0% versus 1.7%; aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.24-1.72) or stillbirth (0.3% versus 0.4%; aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.10-5.20). Compared with term births (2.1%), test-positivity was higher in medically indicated preterm birth (5.7%; aOR 2.70, 95% CI 1.60-4.58) but not significantly increased in spontaneous preterm birth (2.3%; aOR 1.12, 95% CI 0.62-2.02). Conclusions Testing policy and timing of test-positivity impact associations between SARS-CoV-2-positivity and pregnancy outcomes. Under non-universal testing, women with complications near delivery are more likely to be tested than women without complications, thereby inflating any association with adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with findings under universal testing. Tweetable abstract Testing policy and time from SARS-CoV-2 infection to delivery influence the association with pregnancy outcomes.
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| 49. |
- Tabone, Wilbert, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerable road users and the coming wave of automated vehicles: Expert perspectives
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1982. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated driving research over the past decades has mostly focused on highway environments. Recent technological developments have drawn researchers and manufacturers to look ahead at introducing automated driving in cities. The current position paper examines this challenge from the viewpoint of scientific experts. Sixteen Human Factors researchers were interviewed about their personal perspectives on automated vehicles (AVs) and the interaction with VRUs in the future urban environment. Aspects such as smart infrastructure, external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the potential of augmented reality (AR) were addressed during the interviews. The interviews showed that the researchers believed that fully autonomous vehicles will not be introduced in the coming decades and that intermediate levels of automation, specific AV services, or shared control will be used instead. The researchers foresaw a large role of smart infrastructure and expressed a need for AV-VRU segregation, but were concerned about corresponding costs and maintenance requirements. The majority indicated that eHMIs will enhance future AV-VRU interaction, but they noted that implicit communication will remain dominant and advised against text-based and instructive eHMIs. AR was commended for its potential in assisting VRUs, but given the technological challenges, its use, for the time being, was believed to be limited to scientific experiments. The present expert perspectives may be instrumental to various stakeholders and researchers concerned with the relationship between VRUs and AVs in future urban traffic.
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| 50. |
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