| 1. |
- Damm, S., et al.
(author)
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Wall motion abnormalities in male elite orienteers are aggravated by exercise
- 1999
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In: Clinical Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 19:2, s. 121-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the period 1979-92, 16 (15 men and one woman) sudden unexpected cardiac deaths occurred among young Swedish orienteers. This finding indicated a sharp increase in the death rate of orienteers, and necropsy demonstrated that myocarditis was a common histopathological finding. Therefore, an extensive non-invasive cardiac investigation was performed. A total of 59 male élite orienteers (mean age 23 years) and 36 cross-country skiers and middle-distance runners (mean age 22 years), serving as controls, were examined by both echocardiography at rest and radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise. Wall motion abnormalities were found in eight orienteers using echocardiography. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the group of orienteers with wall motion abnormalities found using echocardiography had a smaller increase in ejection fraction from rest to exercise using radionuclide ventriculography than the rest of the orienteers and the controls, indicating an aggravation of the wall motion abnormalities during exercise. There were no significant differences in the ejection fraction at rest between the groups. In the orienteers with wall motion abnormalities (group 1), 62% (five out of eight) had less than a 0.05 unit increase in left ventricular ejection fraction compared with 27% (14 out of 51) of the remaining orienteers (group 2) and 19% (7 out of 36) of the controls (group 3). A comparison of athletes in group 1 with those in groups 2 and 3 combined revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The divergent response in left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise suggests an aggravation of the wall motion abnormalities with exercise. Both the echocardiographic and the radionuclide ventriculographic findings indicate that the orienteers in group 1 had concealed left ventricular damage.
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Lars-Göran, et al.
(author)
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Thallium-201 Myocardial Imaging at Rest in Male Orienteers and Other Endurance Athletes
- 2001
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In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 106:1, s. 59-66
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the period 1979 to 1992, 16 sudden unexpected cardiac deaths were known to have occurred in young Swedish orienteers. Autopsy indicated myocarditis to be the most frequent finding, most often combined with extensive myocardial fibrosis. The aim of the present investigation was to explore whether young male orienteers show a higher frequency than other young elite endurance athletes (controls) in the occurrence of Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion defects at rest, suggestive of fibrosis evoked by myocarditis. Thallium-201 perfusion abnormalities at rest were more frequently found in the controls than in the orienteers (26% vs. 12%, p=0.03). Uneven Tl-201 perfusion was associated with left ventricular mass (r=0.32, r=0.24, p<0.01, p=0.02) and body weight (r=0.30, r=0.31, p<0.01, p=0.03) in orienteers and controls, respectively. Echocardiographic left ventricular wall motion abnormalities were found in 11 athletes (9 orienteers and 2 controls) but only two displayed an abnormal Thallium-201 perfusion scan at rest. Perfusion abnormalities at rest did not occur more frequently in the orienteers but were commonly found in both groups of apparently healthy athletes making it futile to discern abnormals from normals. Thallium-201 perfusion aberrations were not associated with left ventricular wall motion abnormalities obtained by echocardiography.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hedberg, P., et al.
(author)
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Mitral annulus motion as a predictor of mortality in a community-based sample of 75-year-old men and women
- 2006
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In: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 19:1, s. 88-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mitral annulus motion (MAM) is a predictor of mortality in selected patient groups, but its prognostic value in less selected populations is not known. In a community-based random sample of 75-year-old men and women (n = 408), left ventricular function was measured as: (1) maximum amplitude of MAM; and (2) wall-motion index. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years, 83 persons died (26 from cardiac causes). Left ventricular function as measured by MAM predicted the risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality independently of other potential risk factors in this community-based sample. Regarding cardiac mortality, the predictive ability of MAM was also independent of left ventricular systolic function measured as wall-motion index. MAM may prove to be a valuable complement to other echocardiographic methods in the assessment of prognosis in less selected populations.
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| 7. |
- Henriksen, Egil, et al.
(author)
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An echocardiographic study of right and left ventricular adaptation to physical exercise in elite female orienteers
- 1999
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In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 20:4, s. 309-316
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A considerable body of echocardiographic studies has described how athletic training induces morphological adaptation of the left ventricle in male endurance athletes, but only a few studies have described left ventricular adaptation in female endurance athletes. In contrast to changes in the left ventricle far less attention has been directed towards right ventricular changes due to extensive physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to obtain normal values and to determine if there are any differences in right and left ventricular cavity and wall dimensions between female orienteers and females with a mainly sedentary lifestyle. METHODS: Echocardiography was performed in 42 highly trained elite female orienteers and 32 healthy female students with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. The 74 females had no history of cardiac disease, a normal electrocardiogram and showed no echocardiographic abnormalities. M-mode and two-dimensional measurements of the right and left ventricular cavity and wall were obtained in elite orienteers and sedentary females. For the right ventricle and wall, multiple cross-sections were used and measurements were obtained from the right ventricular inflow and outflow tract. RESULTS: The left ventricular end-diastolic cavity dimension and the left ventricular wall thickness were significantly greater in the athletes compared with the sedentary controls. The right ventricular inflow tract measurements were all significantly greater in the orienteers compared with the controls but the right ventricular outflow tract measurements were comparable in the study groups. The right ventricular wall thickness, calculated as the mean of three different wall measurements was an average of 13% greater in the athletes compared with the sedentary controls. CONCLUSION: This study suggests symmetrical cardiac enlargement with a concomitant increase in both the right and left ventricular wall, probably reflecting the increased haemodynamic loading in the female athletes.
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| 8. |
- Henriksen, Egil, et al.
(author)
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Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow in young orienteers and sedentary young adults
- 2000
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In: Echocardiography. - : Wiley. - 0742-2822 .- 1540-8175. ; 17:2, s. 133-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Doppler filling indices may provide important information on left ventricular diastole and possibly diastolic adaptation in endurance athletes. We therefore undertook a comparative study to obtain reference values for transmitral and pulmonary venous Doppler flow velocities and to characterize differences between young orienteers and young sedentary adults. Seventy-six elite orienteers (42 female and 34 male; 17-30 years old) and 61 sedentary young subjects (32 female and 29 male; 17-33 years old) underwent echocardiography. No significant differences between the athletes and sedentary controls regarding peak transmitral flow were found, although the athletes had significantly higher peak pulmonary flow velocity during diastole than the sedentary controls (0.69+/-0.13, 0.61+/-0.10, 0.78+/-0.12, and 0.57+/-0.09 m/sec for female athletes, female sedentary controls, male athletes, and male sedentary controls, respectively). Because no significant differences were revealed in the transmitral flow velocities between the athletes and the sedentary subjects, the relative force between the left atrium and the left ventricle should not diverge during early filling. An increase in pulmonary venous pressure or a decrease in left atrial pressure can augment the force between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. A rise in pulmonary venous pressure is a hemodynamically unlikely adaptation in endurance athletes; therefore, to maintain the same transmitral pressure with an assumed lower left atrial pressure, the data suggest a more rapid relaxation and an improved left ventricular elastic recoil, which would enable the athletes to achieve a more rapid negative left ventricular pressure change during early filling.
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| 9. |
- Henriksen, Egil, et al.
(author)
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Echocardiographic right and left ventricular measurements in male elite endurance athletes
- 1996
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In: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 17:7, s. 1121-1128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Echocardiography was used to assess normal values in the right and left ventricular cavity and wall in 127 male elite endurance athletes. M-mode and two dimensional measurements of left ventricle and left and right atria were also obtained. All subjects were high-performance orienteers, cross-country skiers and middle-distance runners. They all had a normal electrocardiogram at rest and no echocardiographic evidence of heart disease. With the use of multiple right ventricular cross-sections and two-dimensional measurements, we found a significantly greater right ventricular inflow tract and right and left atrial measurements in endurance athletes compared with earlier studies of normal, active subjects. The right ventricular free wall was slightly thicker than reported in normal active subjects but the differences were small. Left ventricular diastolic diameter was consistent with previous reports of endurance athletes. Of the 127 subjects, 13% had left ventricular wall thickness above 13 mm but none of the athletes had wall thickness above 15 mm. These data suggest that cardiac enlargement occurs symmetrically in both right and left cavities, probably reflecting increased haemodynamic loading, a mechanism by which athletes sustain a high cardiac output during exercise.
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| 10. |
- Jonason, T., et al.
(author)
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Menopause is associated with the stiffness of the common carotid artery in 50-year-old women
- 1998
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In: Clinical Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 18:2, s. 149-155
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To determine if menopause has an effect on the elasticity of the arteries, the stiffness index of the common carotid artery was studied in 84 premenopausal and 139 post-menopausal women. The study group was age-homogeneous, all women being 50 years of age. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-menopausal women regarding atherosclerosis, when measured as the number of subjects with plaques or intimal-medial thickness. The diameter of the common carotid artery was significantly larger in post-menopausal women. The diameter was correlated to measurements of body size which did not, however, differ between the two groups. The mean stiffness indexes were 4.99 +/- 1.02 and 5.38 +/- 1.21 in the pre- and post-menopausal groups respectively (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, menopause (P < 0.05), and also serum insulin levels (P < 0.01) and smoking (P < 0.05) were found to have independent significant associations to the stiffness index. In conclusion, menopause is associated with reduced elasticity of the carotid arteries in 50-year-old women.
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| 11. |
- Jonsson, T, et al.
(author)
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Nonequilibrium dynamics in a three-dimensional spin glass
- 1999
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B-CONDENSED MATTER. - 0163-1829. ; 59:13, s. 8770-8777
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nonequilibrium dynamics in a AE(11% Mn) spin glass has been studied by low frequency ac-susceptibility and magnetic relaxation experiments. The results unequivocally show that spin structures that memorize the cooling process are imprinted in the system.
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| 12. |
- Jonsson, T, et al.
(author)
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Relaxation of the field-cooled magnetization of an Ising spin glass
- 1999
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B-CONDENSED MATTER. - : AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC. - 0163-1829. ; 59:14, s. 9402-9407
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The time and temperature dependence of the field-cooled magnetization of a three-dimensional Ising spin glass Fe0.5Mn0.5TiO3 has been investigated. The temperature and cooling rate dependence is found to exhibit memory phenomena that can be related to the
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| 14. |
- Nilsson, G, et al.
(author)
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White blood cell counts associate more strongly to the metabolic syndrome in 75-year-old women than in men : a population based study.
- 2007
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In: Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1540-4196 .- 1557-8518. ; 5:4, s. 359-364
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A positive relation between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammatoryactivity has been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationshipsbetween 1) white blood cell (WBC) count and MetS, 2) WBC count and the individual com-ponents of MetS and 3) WBC count and insulin sensitivity in 75-year-old women and menfrom the general population. Methods: The study included 200 women and 196 men comprising 64% of the 75-year oldpeople from the city of Västerås in Sweden. MetS was defined according to the National Cho-lesterol Education Program (NCEP). Results: WBC count (109/L; median and interquartile range) was 5.7 (4.9–6.8) for women and6.3 (5.4–7.2) for men, P Ͻ .001 for gender difference. For women with and without MetS, WBCcount was 6.3 (5.3–7.3) and 5.4(4.7–6.3), respectively. For men the corresponding figures were6.7 (5.9–7.6) and 6.1 (5.4–7.1).The difference in WBC count between individuals with and with-out MetS was significant (P Ͻ .001 for women; P ϭ .014 for men). All individual componentsof MetS (with exception of blood pressure) were more strongly associated with WBC countfor women than for men. Insulin sensitivity, measured as HOMA-IR (HOmeostasis ModelAssessment-Insulin Resistance) index, was significantly associated with WBC count in wo-men but not in men. Conclusions: In this elderly population, individuals with MetS had a higher WBC countthan those without. Women had a lower WBC count and stronger relationship between WBCcount and insulin sensitivity than did men.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Sundstedt, M., et al.
(author)
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Left ventricular volumes during exercise in endurance athletes assessed by contrast echocardiography
- 2004
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In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 182:1, s. 45-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The objective was to assess left ventricular (LV) volumes at rest and during upright submaximal exercise in endurance athletes to see whether changes in heart volume could explain the large predicted increase in cardiac output in endurance athletes. Method: Contrast echocardiography was used to assess changes in LV volumes during upright bicycle exercise in 24 healthy male endurance athletes. Maximal oxygen uptake and oxygen pulse were measured by using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results: From rest to exercise at a heart rate of 160 beats min(-1) end-diastolic volume increased by 18% (P < 0.001) and end-systolic volume decreased by 21% (P = 0.002). Stroke volume showed an almost linear increase during exercise (45% increase, P < 0.001). The increase in end-diastolic volume contributed to 73% of the increase in stroke volume. No significant differences were observed between stroke volume calculated from LV volumes with contrast echocardiography and stroke volume calculated from oxygen pulse at heart rates of 130 and 160 beats min(-1). Using the linear regression equation between oxygen uptake and cardiac output assessed by echocardiography during exercise (r = 0.87, P = 0.002), cardiac output at maximal exercise was estimated at 33 +/- 3 L min(-1), with an estimated increase in stroke volume by 69% from rest to maximal exercise. Conclusion: By using contrast echocardiography, a large increase in stroke volume in endurance athletes could be explained by an almost linear increase in end-diastolic volume and an initial small decrease in end-systolic volume during incremental upright exercise.
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