| 1. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Older patients' perspectives on mealtimes in hospitals : a scoping review of qualitative studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 35:2, s. 390-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing age of populations throughout the world means that healthcare services are faced with new challenges, not least regarding the provision of food during hospital stay. There is a lack of knowledge of how hospital mealtimes are experienced by older patients, and so the aim of this article was to review current knowledge regarding mealtimes in hospitals from the perspectives of older patients. A literature search was performed using seven databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, SweMed+, ASSIA and CINAHL with no limits regarding publication date. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English or Swedish that used qualitative methods to examine older patients' (>65 years) mealtime experiences. The Five Aspect Meal Model (FAMM) served as a framework for understanding the complexity behind a mealtime experience. Qualitative content analysis was used as a guide when analysing the material. The search produced 415 studies, 14 of which were included in the review. The findings generated three main themes for understanding how older patients experience mealtimes while in hospital: (1) the food and the food service, (2) mealtime assistance and commensality during mealtimes and (3) the importance of retaining one's independence. The review also clearly indicated a shortage of studies that solely focus on older patients' experiences of their mealtime. More research is therefore needed to be fully able to understand the complex task of providing meals in hospitals.
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| 2. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiencing hospitality through people, places and artefacts within an institutional setting : A qualitative interview study with eleven in patients across three hospital wards in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Association for Food Studies Workshop 2020. - : Örebro University. - 9789187789434 - 9789187789441 ; , s. 23-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eating and sharing meals are essential parts of everyday life and expressed through tradition and culture. This everyday expression of who we are is argued to be taken away from us during hospitalization. Few studies have qualitatively explored hospitalized older patients experiences with their mealtimes. This is a perspective that could increase the understanding of how to provide enhanced dining experiences during time of illness for this malnutrition prune age group. The study objective was therefore to explore older patients’ (> 65 years) mealtime experiences during hospital stay with an emphasis towards the social interactions taking place before, during and after their meals. Eleven semi structured interviews were conducted and analysed through the lens of hospitality and the dramaturgical theory outlined by Goffman. The preliminary results indicate that the patients experience hospitality through materiality (e.g. the menu), commensality (with fellow patients and staff) an d individuality (the possibility to make own meal choices) but also inhospitality through conformity (not expressing their wishes or conforming to the situation) and locality (e.g. being lonely in ther oom). The patients are seen to reinforce the role of the non-complaining patient as well as not being a burden. The understanding of these kinds of role making and role taking by the patients is important to recognize within healthcare to be able to ensure that the mealtime and the meal service is provided with a person- centered approach together with the recognition that hospitality can bring fourth the practical doings in how to perform during meal service.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitality and mealtime approaches in hospitals – perspectives from nursing- and meal-staff
- 2020
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Ingår i: The INC 2020. ; , s. 98-99
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to understand the provision of meals to older patients in hospitals, the notion of hospitality is interesting. Previous research has found that even if adequate nutrition is provided the food served to the patients is not always consumed (Agarwal et al. 2013). Therefore, it is essential to also highlight aspects related to how and where the meals areserved, as well as the interaction between the staff and the patients.The overall aim of this study was to explore how nursing staff and meal-hosts approached the mealtime for older patients and what aspects impacted on how the meals were served to the patients.Method: Twenty mealtimes was observed across four wards within two hospitals in Sweden that had nursing staff serving meals on wards with a dayroom (2 wards) and meal-host serving meals on the wards with a dining room (2 wards). The objectives of the observations was to observe how the staff served the meals to the patients with as special focus on the hospitality approaches provided and the overall dining area. The Five Aspect Meal Model (Gustafsson, Öström, Johansson & Mossberg, 2006; Edwards & Gustafsson, 2008) and the notion of hospitality (Lashley, 2000; Telfer, 2000) serves as main frameworks. Moreover, Goffman’s dramaturgical theory (Goffman, 2014) is used to understand the scenery observed during the mealtimes.Preliminary findings: Two overall themes were identified in the initial analyses, 1) atmosphere in the dining area; 2) and serving style and hospitality approaches.The overall atmosphere differed between the two dining areas which impacted on how the patients were approached during mealtimes. The observations disclosed several encounters were the atmosphere in the dining area in the wards with meal-hosts serving were perceived as a regular restaurant with patients approached and asked what they would like to eat and drink in relation to the menu that was available. It was also observed in several occasions that the meal-host sat down next to the patients and helped the patients to choose a dish from the menu, asking if they were satisfied with the meal or if they needed anything else. The meal-host constant presence in the dining room contributed to a positive atmosphere as well as opportunities for the patients to get direct assistance. In the wards with nursing staff serving the food in the dayroom the patients were not as frequently out for lunch or dinner and several observations disclosed that no patients were taken to dine outside the own room. However, when the patients were out the hospitality approaches differed. Most often the patients were nicely talked and attended to in the moment of providing the meal tray and when the tray was taken away. However, the time between service and closing of the meal the patients was most often left unattended for. The atmosphere was most often sensed as “heavy” and silent. It was observed that the nursing staff not always thought of turning the lights on in the dayroom contributing to a less positive atmosphere. The staff was observed to just passing by the dayroom without visiting the dayroom to ask if the meal was of satisfaction or overall seeing the patients.The serving style and hospitality approaches differed in some aspects between meal-hosts and nursing staff at the observed wards. The nursing staff was observed on all wards, including the wards with meal-host serving the meals, to be more hands-on and talking closer with the patients, which also disclosed different caring roles during mealtimes. If patients wanted anything else, a hand was often seen to be touched upon the patient or confirmed the wish by talking near and close to the patient. The meal-host was observed to both display a near service style with taking orders by sitting next to the patient or squatting to be on the same level as the patient, and, in some occasions, take orders as in restaurants with the help of a note pad standing next to the table.Conclusion: The preliminary findings of this study indicate that a constant presence of a meal-host or nursing staff would be beneficial for both the overall atmosphere in the dining area as well as for patients getting timely assistance. However, further analyses are needed to fully understand and report the findings of this study.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Older patients' perspectives on mealtimes in hospitals : a scoping review of qualitative studies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 35:2, s. 390-404
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing age of populations throughout the world means that healthcare services are faced with new challenges, not least regarding the provision of food during hospital stay. There is a lack of knowledge of how hospital mealtimes are experienced by older patients, and so the aim of this article was to review current knowledge regarding mealtimes in hospitals from the perspectives of older patients. A literature search was performed using seven databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, SweMed+, ASSIA and CINAHL with no limits regarding publication date. The inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed articles in English or Swedish that used qualitative methods to examine older patients’ (>65 years) mealtime experiences. The Five Aspect Meal Model (FAMM) served as a framework for understanding the complexity behind a mealtime experience. Qualitative content analysis was used as a guide when analysing the material. The search produced 415 studies, 14 of which were included in the review. The findings generated three main themes for understanding how older patients experience mealtimes while in hospital: (1) the food and the food service, (2) mealtime assistance and commensality during mealtimes and (3) the importance of retaining one’s independence. The review also clearly indicated a shortage of studies that solely focus on older patients’ experiences of their mealtime. More research is therefore needed to be fully able to understand the complex task of providing meals in hospitals.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-
(författare)
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The "ity" factor in hospital meals : Performing, experiencing, and understanding hospitality within the hospital frame
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to explore how the notion of hospitality could be used as a perspective to understand the meal provision within a hospital frame. Of interest was how patients (>65 years of age) experience their mealtimes together with perspectives from the ones serving the meals. This is motivated by older adult patients being more affected by malnutrition and having more challenges during mealtimes than other patient groups. Previous research has identified the importance of assistance during mealtimes and the implications that staff can have for patients’ food intakes. However, few studies have been found that focus on older adult patients’ own experiences of meal provision from a qualitative approach, nor studies that have focused on the practical doings by the staff.The thesis is grounded in an interpretive perspective viewing social reality as constructed and experienced in relation to how one interacts with other subjects as well as objects, by applying the theory of symbolic interactionism together with Goffman’s dramaturgical theory. In addition, the FAMM was used to understand the entirety of the meal experience, and the person-centred care approach to understand the study setting of interest.The fieldwork was conducted across four wards at two Swedish public hospitals, and interviews were conducted at three of these wards. In total, 20 mealtime observations together with 11 interviews with patients and 20 interviews with staff in different categories were conducted. The wards differed in relation to the dining room environment, the role of the meal host and how the meal service was conducted.The overall findings reflect these differences by suggesting that the meal provision needs to be understood as a balancing act, where the staff perform in front of the patients in relation to the hospitability provided by the organisational host. The patients experienced hospitality through being acknowledged and recognised together with unexpected moments of hospitality. In turn, the staff were found to be knowing and caring in their performances towards the patients as well as showing professional knowledge when reading between the lines and offering what not always was voiced.The findings identify a need by the staff to be able to have more time with the patients, having the ability to perform a meal service in a timely manner as well as the ability to navigate within the organisational frames. Demonstrating the need for, as well as the presence of, the “ity” factor in hospital meals.
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| 8. |
- Adjeiwaah, Mary, 1980-
(författare)
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Quality assurance for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiotherapy
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning workflow is increasing. MRI offers superior soft-tissue contrast compared to Computed Tomography (CT) and therefore improves the accuracy in target volume definitions. There are, however concerns with inherent geometric distortions from system- (gradient nonlinearities and main magnetic field inhomogeneities) and patient-related sources (magnetic susceptibility effect and chemical shift). The lack of clearly defined quality assurance (QA) procedures has also raised questions on the ability of current QA protocols to detect common image quality degradations under radiotherapy settings. To fully implement and take advantage of the benefits of MRI in radiotherapy, these concerns need to be addressed.In Papers I and II, the dosimetric impact of MR distortions was investigated. Patient CTs (CT) were deformed with MR distortion vector fields (from the residual system distortions after correcting for gradient nonlinearities and patient-induced susceptibility distortions) to create distorted CT (dCT) images. Field parameters from volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans initially optimized on dCT data sets were transferred to CT data to compute new treatment plans. Data from 19 prostate and 21 head and neck patients were used for the treatment planning. The dCT and CT treatment plans were compared to determine the impact of distortions on dose distributions. No clinically relevant dose differences between distorted CT and original CT treatment plans were found. Mean dose differences were < 1.0% and < 0.5% at the planning target volume (PTV) for the head and neck, and prostate treatment plans, respectively. Strategies to reduce geometric distortions were also evaluated in Papers I and II. Using the vendor-supplied gradient non-linearity correction algorithm reduced overall distortions to less than half of the original value. A high acquisition bandwidth of 488 Hz/pixel (Paper I) and 488 Hz/mm (Paper II) kept the mean geometric distortions at the delineated structures below 1 mm. Furthermore, a patient-specific active shimming method implemented in Paper II significantly reduced the number of voxels with distortion shifts > 2 mm from 15.4% to 2.0%.B0 maps from patient-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities obtained through direct measurements and by simulations that used MR-generated synthetic CT (sCT) data were compared in Paper III. The validation showed excellent agreement between the simulated and measured B0 maps.In Paper IV, the ability of current QA methods to detect common MR image quality degradations under radiotherapy settings were investigated. By evaluating key image quality parameters, the QA protocols were found to be sensitive to some of the introduced degradations. However, image quality issues such as those caused by RF coil failures could not be adequately detected.In conclusion, this work has shown the feasibility of using MRI data for radiotherapy treatment planning as distortions resulted in a dose difference of less than 1% between distorted and undistorted images. The simulation software can be used to produce accurate B0 maps, which could then be used as the basis for the effective correction of patient-induced field inhomogeneity distortions and for the QA verification of sCT data. Furthermore, the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses in current QA tools for MRI in RT contribute to finding better methods to efficiently identify image quality errors.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andermo, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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School-related physical activity interventions and mental health among children : a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sports medicine - open. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-1170 .- 2198-9761. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Low levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and mental health problems are issues that have received considerable attention in the last decade. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate effects of interventions targeting school-related physical activity or sedentary behaviour on mental health in children and adolescents and to identify the features of effective interventions.METHODS: Scientific articles published between January 2009 and October 2019 fulfilling the following criteria were included: general populations of children and adolescents between age 4 and 19, all types of school-related efforts to promote physical activity or reduce sedentary behaviour. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were done by at least two authors independently of each other. Data were analysed with a random effects meta-analysis and by narrative moderator analyses.RESULTS: The literature search resulted in 10265 unique articles. Thirty-one articles, describing 30 interventions, were finally included. Eleven relevant outcomes were identified: health-related quality of life, well-being, self-esteem and self-worth, resilience, positive effect, positive mental health, anxiety, depression, emotional problems, negative effect and internalising mental health problems. There was a significant beneficial effect of school-related physical activity interventions on resilience (Hedges' g = 0.748, 95% CI = 0.326; 1.170, p = 0.001), positive mental health (Hedges' g = 0.405, 95% CI = 0.208; 0.603, p = < 0.001), well-being (Hedges' g = 0.877, 95% CI = 0.356; 1.398, p = < 0.001) and anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.347, 95% CI = 0.072; 0.623, p = 0.013). Heterogeneity was moderate to high (I2 = 59-98%) between studies for all outcomes except positive effect, where heterogeneity was low (I2 = 2%). The narrative moderator analyses of outcomes based on 10 or more studies showed that age of the children moderated the effect of the intervention on internalising mental health problems. Interventions in younger children showed a significantly negative or no effect on internalising mental health problems while those in older children showed a significant positive or no effect. Moreover, studies with a high implementation reach showed a significant negative or no effect while those with a low level of implementation showed no or a positive effect. No signs of effect moderation were found for self-esteem, well-being or positive mental health. Risk of publication bias was evident for several outcomes, but adjustment did not change the results.CONCLUSIONS: School-related physical activity interventions may reduce anxiety, increase resilience, improve well-being and increase positive mental health in children and adolescents. Considering the positive effects of physical activity on health in general, these findings may reinforce school-based initiatives to increase physical activity. However, the studies show considerable heterogeneity. The results should therefore be interpreted with caution. Future studies should report on implementation factors and more clearly describe the activities of the control group and whether the activity is added to or replacing ordinary physical education lessons in order to aid interpretation of results.TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42018086757.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ankarcrona, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Episiotomy in vacuum extraction, do we cut the levator ani muscle? : A prospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Urogynecology Journal. - : Springer Nature. - 0937-3462 .- 1433-3023. ; 33:12, s. 3391-3399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and hypothesis Vaginal delivery may lead to levator ani muscle (LAM) injury or avulsion. Episiotomy may reduce obstetric anal sphincter injury in operative vaginal delivery, but may increase the risk of LAM injury. Our aim was to assess whether lateral episiotomy in vacuum extraction (VE) in primiparous women causes LAM injury. Methods A prospective cohort study of 58 primiparous women with episiotomy nested within an ongoing multicenter randomized controlled trial of lateral episiotomy versus no episiotomy in VE (EVA trial) was carried out in Sweden. LAM injury was evaluated using 3D endovaginal ultrasound 6-12 months after delivery and Levator Ani Deficiency (LAD) score. Episiotomy scar properties were measured. Characteristics were described and compared using Chi-squared tests. We stipulated that if a lateral episiotomy cuts the LAM, >= 50% would have a LAM injury. Among those, >= 50% would be side specific. We compared the observed prevalence with a test of one proportion. Results Twelve (20.7%, 95% CI 10.9-32.9) of 58 women had a LAD (p < 0.001, compared with the stipulated 50%). Six (50.0%, 95% CI 21.1% to 78.9%) of 12 women had a LAD on the episiotomy side, including those with bilateral LAD (p = 1.00). Two (16.7%, 95% CI 2.1% to 48.4%) of 12 women had a LAD exclusively on the episiotomy side (p = 0.02). Conclusions There was no excessive risk of cutting the LAM while performing a lateral episiotomy. LAD was not seen in women with episiotomies shorter than 18 mm.
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| 13. |
- Barbateskovic, Marija, et al.
(författare)
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A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM) of interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 135, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop and validate Clinical Diversity In Meta-analyses (CDIM), a new tool for assessing clinical diversity between trials in meta-analyses of interventions. Study design and setting: The development of CDIM was based on consensus work informed by empirical literature and expertise. We drafted the CDIM tool, refined it, and validated CDIM for interrater scale reliability and agreement in three groups. Results: CDIM measures clinical diversity on a scale that includes four domains with 11 items overall: setting (time of conduct/country development status/units type); population (age, sex, patient inclusion criteria/baseline disease severity, comorbidities); interventions (intervention intensity/strength/duration of intervention, timing, control intervention, cointerventions); and outcome (definition of outcome, timing of outcome assessment). The CDIM is completed in two steps: first two authors independently assess clinical diversity in the four domains. Second, after agreeing upon scores of individual items a consensus score is achieved. Interrater scale reliability and agreement ranged from moderate to almost perfect depending on the type of raters. Conclusion: CDIM is the first tool developed for assessing clinical diversity in meta-analyses of interventions. We found CDIM to be a reliable tool for assessing clinical diversity among trials in meta-analysis.
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| 14. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to a farm environment during pregnancy increases the proportion of arachidonic acid in the cord sera of offspring
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing up in a farm environment is protective against allergy development. Various explanations have been put forward to explain this association. Fatty acids are regulators of immune function and the composition of fatty acids in the circulation system may affect immune development. Here, we investigate whether the fatty acid composition of cord serum differs for infants born to Farm (n = 26) or non-Farm mothers (n =29) in the FARMFLORA birth-cohort. For comparison, the levels of fatty acids in the maternal diet, serum and breast milk around 1 month post-partum were recorded. The fatty acids in the cord sera from infants born to Farm mothers had higher proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) than those from infants born to non-Farm mothers. No differences were found for either arachidonic acid or adrenic acid in the diet, samples of the serum, or breast milk from Farm and non-Farm mothers obtained around 1 month post-partum. The arachidonic and adrenic acid levels in the cord blood were unrelated to allergy outcome for the infants. The results suggest that a farm environment may be associated with the fatty acid composition to which the fetus is exposed during pregnancy. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 15. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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No association between allergy and current 25-hydroxy vitamin D in serum or vitamin D intake
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:4, s. 405-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Vitamin D may be involved in allergy development, but there is conflicting evidence. We investigated if dietary intake of vitamin D and levels of 25OHD in serum differed between allergic and nonallergic adolescents and if serum 25OHD correlated with dietary intake of vitamin D or season of blood sampling. Methods Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were analysed in 13-year-old subjects with atopic eczema (n = 55), respiratory allergy (n = 55) or no allergy (n = 55). Intake of fat-containing foods was assessed by food-frequency questionnaires, and total daily vitamin D intake was calculated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for gender, parental allergy and time of blood sampling. Results Subjects with atopic eczema or respiratory allergy did not differ from nonallergic controls regarding serum 25OHD levels or calculated vitamin D intake. Subjects sampled in the autumn had significantly higher levels of serum 25OHD than subjects sampled in the winter or spring. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to consumption of vitamin D-fortified lean milk (p = 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest no association between allergy and 25OHD levels in serum or vitamin D intake in adolescents. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to intake of vitamin D-fortified lean milk.
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| 16. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE): a prospective birth cohort in northern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055 .- 2044-6055. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. INTRODUCTION: Prenatal and neonatal environmental factors, such as nutrition, microbes and toxicants, may affect health throughout life. Many diseases, such as allergy and impaired child development, may be programmed already in utero or during early infancy. Birth cohorts are important tools to study associations between early life exposure and disease risk. Here, we describe the study protocol of the prospective birth cohort, 'Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment' (NICE). The primary aim of the NICE cohort is to clarify the effect of key environmental exposures-diet, microbes and environmental toxicants-during pregnancy and early childhood, on the maturation of the infant's immune system, including initiation of sensitisation and allergy as well as some secondary outcomes: infant growth, obesity, neurological development and oral health.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The NICE cohort will recruit about 650 families during mid-pregnancy. The principal inclusion criterion will be planned birth at the Sunderby Hospital in the north of Sweden, during 2015-2018. Questionnaires data and biological samples will be collected at 10 time-points, from pregnancy until the children reach 4 years of age. Samples will be collected primarily from mothers and children, and from fathers. Biological samples include blood, urine, placenta, breast milk, meconium, faeces, saliva and hair. Information regarding allergic heredity, diet, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including smoking, siblings, pet ownership, etc will be collected using questionnaires. Sensitisation to common allergens will be assessed by skin prick testing and allergic disease will be diagnosed by a paediatrician at 1 and 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, the children will also be examined regarding growth, neurobehavioural and neurophysiological status and oral health.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The NICE cohort has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden (2013/18-31M). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and communicated on scientific conferences.
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| 17. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Serum fatty acid profile does not reflect seafood intake in adolescents with atopic eczema.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 103:9, s. 968-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are immunomodulatory, but their role in allergy development is controversial. We investigated whether proportions of LCPUFAs in serum phospholipids were related to allergic diagnosis, seafood intake and LCPUFA proportions in cord blood.METHODS:Serum was obtained from 148 birth cohort children at 13 years of age. Forty had atopic eczema, 53 had respiratory allergy, and 55 were nonallergic. Proportions of LCPUFAs were determined in serum phospholipids; cord blood from 128 of the individuals was previously analysed. Seafood intake was estimated using questionnaires.RESULTS:Allergic and nonallergic individuals did not differ significantly regarding individual LCPUFAs. However, arachidonic acid over docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio was higher in allergic, compared with nonallergic, adolescents. In nonallergic individuals, LCPUFA proportions in cord serum and adolescent serum correlated weakly. In individuals with atopic eczema and respiratory allergy, these correlations were weak or absent. A moderate correlation between seafood intake and serum DHA was seen in nonallergic individuals and those with respiratory allergy, but not in those with atopic eczema.CONCLUSION:Serum LCPUFA pattern was similar in allergic and nonallergic adolescents. Fatty acid metabolism may be altered in atopic eczema subjects, suggested by poor correlations between fatty acid intake and serum levels.
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| 18. |
- Borssén, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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DNA methylation holds prognostic information in relapsed precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few biological markers are associated with survival after relapse of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). In pediatric T-cell ALL, we have identified promoter-associated methylation alterations that correlate with prognosis. Here, the prognostic relevance of CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP) classification was investigated in pediatric BCP-ALL patients.Methods: Six hundred and one BCP-ALL samples from Nordic pediatric patients (age 1-18) were CIMP classified at initial diagnosis and analyzed in relation to clinical data.Results: Among the 137 patients that later relapsed, patients with a CIMP-profile (n = 42) at initial diagnosis had an inferior overall survival (pOS(5years) 33%) compared to CIMP+ patients (n = 95, pOS(5years) 65%) (p = 0.001), which remained significant in a Cox proportional hazards model including previously defined risk factors.Conclusion: CIMP classification is a strong candidate for improved risk stratification of relapsed BCP-ALL.
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| 19. |
- Brännström, Leila, et al.
(författare)
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Wendy Brown
- 2015
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Ingår i: Samtida politisk teori. - 9789188203052 ; , s. 84-101
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Byström, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Declining coastal piscivore populations in the Baltic Sea : where and when do sticklebacks matter?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44:Suppl 3, s. S462-S471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intraguild predation interactions make fish communities prone to exhibit alternative stable states with either piscivore or prey fish dominance. In the Baltic Sea, local declines of coastal piscivores like perch (Perca fluviatilis) have been observed to coincide with high densities of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Mechanisms behind this shift between piscivore and stickleback dominance were studied both experimentally and in field. Results showed that predation by sticklebacks has a strong negative effect on perch larvae survival, but this effect rapidly decreases with increasing perch size, likely due to gape limitations and digestion constraints in sticklebacks. Large spatial and temporal variations in patterns of stickleback migration into perch spawning sites were observed. Whether or not high density of sticklebacks will cause declines in coastal piscivore populations is suggested to depend on the availability of spawning sites in which sticklebacks do not migrate into or arrive late in the reproduction season of coastal piscivores.
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| 21. |
- Dürango, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Compliance with guidelines for postoperative pain management in infants and children
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Healthcare Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-9700 .- 2047-9719. ; 10:4, s. 259-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Postoperative pain is still often being inadequately assessed and/or recorded in infants and young children despite evidence-based guidelines. Objectives: This prospective, observational study in a paediatric postoperative ward at a Swedish university hospital was designed to evaluate interventional effects on pain management by briefly reminding nursing staff of corresponding local guidelines. Methods: Individual structured postoperative information on the first day and night after mainly otorhinolaryngeal or plastic surgery was obtained in 100 pediatric patients from on-site bedside observation protocols, patient records, and telephone interviews over two 5-week periods before and after a study intervention with brief systematic information on local guideline contents. Results: The intervention was followed by significantly more assessments (P = 0.0012), hourly assessments (P < 0.0001), and use of validated tools for assessment (P < 0.0001) of pain intensity in out-hospital patients, but by no change in guardian satisfaction. There were non-significant corresponding changes in in-hospital patients. Conclusions: Bedside compliance with guidelines for postoperative pain management can be considerably improved in out-hospital (and possibly also in-hospital) paediatric patients by a structured brief reminder of existing guideline contents. Larger prospective studies are required to determine the importance of bedside compliance with clinical guidelines for postoperative comfort and safety in infants and children.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Eklund Jonsson, Charlotte, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Tempe Fermentation of Whole Grain Barley Increased Human Iron Absorption and In vitro Iron Availability
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Open Nutrition Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-2882. ; 2, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, iron absorption from a tempe fermented whole-grain barley meal was measured, and results were compared to in vitro estimation of available iron from an equivalent meal. The tempe meal (TM) was prepared from barley fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus to reduce the phytate content <0.5 µmol/g, and boiled barley with preserved phytate content was used as reference meal (BBM). Iron was added to obtain a total content of 3 mg/meal in the human study, and to the in vitro meals 7 mg of iron was added. The iron absorption from TM and BBM was 5.5±1.5% and 3.0±0.7% respectively, and in vitro iron availability was 4.9±0.2% in TM and 1.7±0.1% in BBM (absorbed fraction of total iron/meal). To conclude, iron absorption from a barley meal was improved by reducing the phytate content via tempe fermentation, and iron absorption was predicted by direction in the in vitro experiments.
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| 24. |
- Gio-Batta, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Fecal short chain fatty acids in children living on farms and a link between valeric acid and protection from eczema.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children growing up on farms have low rates of allergy, but the mechanism for this protective effect has not been fully elucidated. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota may play a role in protection from allergy. We measured fecal SCFA levels in samples collected from 28 farming and 37 control children over the first 3years of life using gas chromatography. Data on diet and other host factors were recorded and allergy was diagnosed at 8years of age. Among all children, median propionic and butyric acid concentration increased over the first 3years, and longer SCFAs typically appeared by 1year of age. Farm children had higher levels of iso-butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid at 3years of age than rural controls. In addition, children with elder siblings had higher levels of valeric acid at 3years of age, and dietary factors also affected SCFA pattern. High levels of valeric acid at 3years of age were associated with low rate of eczema at 8years of age. The fecal SCFA pattern in farm children suggests a more rapid maturation of the gut microbiota. Valeric acid or associated microbes may have protective potential against eczema.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gottschalk Højfeldt, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Relapse risk following truncation of PEG-asparaginase in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 137:17, s. 2373-2382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Truncation of asparaginase treatment due to asparaginase related toxicities or silent inactivation (SI) is common and may increase relapse risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated relapse risk following suboptimal asparaginase exposure among 1401 children aged 1-17 years, diagnosed with ALL between July 2008 and February 2016, and treated according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol including extended asparaginase exposure (1,000 IU/m2 intramuscularly weeks 5 to 33). Patients were included with delayed entry at their last administered asparaginase treatment or detection of SI and followed until relapse, death, secondary malignancy, or end of follow-up (median: 5.71 years, interquartile range: 4.02-7.64). In a multiple Cox model comparing patients with (n=358) and without (n=1043) truncated asparaginase treatment due to clinical toxicity, the adjusted relapse-specific hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-2.06, P=0.20). In a substudy including only patients with information on enzyme activity (n=1115), the 7-year cumulative incidence of relapse for the 301 patients with truncation of asparaginase treatment or SI (157 hypersensitivity, 53 pancreatitis, 14 thrombosis, 31 other, 46 SI) was 11.1% (95% CI: 6.9-15.4) versus 6.7% (95% CI: 4.7-8.6) for the 814 remaining patients. The relapse-specific aHR was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.05-2.74, P=0.03). The unadjusted bone-marrow relapse-specific HR was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07-3.14, P=0.03) and 1.86 (95% CI: 0.90- 3.87, P=0.095) for any CNS relapse. These results emphasize the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and appropriate adjustment of asparaginase therapy when feasible.
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| 27. |
- Haglund, Sofie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
CXCL13 in laboratory diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis-the performance of the recomBead and ReaScan CXCL13 assays in human cerebrospinal fluid samples
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 41:1, s. 175-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemokine CXCL13 is used as complement to serology in the diagnostics of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). We evaluated and compared the semi-quantitative, cassette-based ReaScan CXCL13 assay with the quantitative recomBead CXCL13 assay using a collection of 209 cerebrospinal fluid samples. The categorical agreement between results interpreted as negative, grey zone, and positive by the two methods was 87%. The diagnostic sensitivity was higher using the recomBead assay, whereas specificity was higher using ReaScan. Few manual steps, and a short turn-around time with no batching of samples makes the ReaScan CXCL13 assay an attractive complement to serology in the diagnostics of LNB.
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| 28. |
- Hjerpe, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Svensk forskning om klimatanpassning inom styrning och planering
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningen presenterade sitt betänkande år 2007 har omfattande samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsinsatser riktats mot hur offentliga aktörer och myndigheter styr, planerar och arbetar med klimatanpassning och klimatomställning. Analytisk kompetens inom flera för klimatanpassning centrala områden har byggts upp vid ett flertal lärosäten och inom flera sektorsmyndigheter.Det är alltför tidskrävande att göra en heltäckande och rättvisande bild av dessa forskningsaktiviteter, men denna inlaga från Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning, CSPR, vid Linköpings universitet i samarbete med Lunds universitets centrum för studier av uthållig samhällsutveckling, LUCSUS, gör valda nedslag inom tre huvudområden i vilka kunskapen ökats genom svensk anpassningsforskning. De tre huvudområdena för kunskapsökning är: Klimatanpassning på offentliga aktörers agenda, Verktyg för att stimulera och stödja klimatanpassning och Klimatanpassning och stadsplanering.Det är vår förhoppning att detta ger en tillräckligt god bild av hur kunskapsläget ökar snabbt och att vi ser tecken på att ökningstakten tilltar. Vi vill också på förhand be om ursäkt för de texter och den forskning som vi på grund av begränsade resurser inte fick med i vår framställning.
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| 29. |
- Holmquist, Sofie, 1987-
(författare)
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Analyzing self-report data : assessing basic psychological needs in education and at work
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aims of this thesis were 1) to investigate how to measure and model basic psychological needs in higher education and work contexts, specifically in Swedish-speaking populations, and 2) to analyze the psychometric properties of basic psychological needs self-report instruments.The thesis consists of four studies and a summary. The main concepts studied were the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as conceptualized in the Self- Determination Theory (SDT).The first study identified subgroups of early career psychologists characterized by their ratings on self- efficacy, psychological flexibility, and basic psychological need satisfaction. The results show that the groups differed in self-rated health, well-being, and intention to leave their profession. Higher basic psychological need satisfaction, self-efficacy, and psychological flexibility were associated with better self-rated health and well-being.The second study was an extensive psychometric evaluation of the need satisfaction and frustration scale (NSFS) in a large sample of Swedish workers. The analyses supported measurement invariance longitudinally and for gender, as well as the nomological validity of the scale. The dimensionality analyses supported a six-dimensional structure of the NSFS that takes small cross-loadings into account in an exploratory structural equation modeling representation. However, poor discrimination between need satisfaction and need frustration was present for some items.The third study translated a revised Swedish version of the NSFS, adapted to the educational domain, and validated it in a sample of Swedish university students. Dimensionality analyses supported using the NSFS as a three-dimensional measure of students' need for autonomy, need for competence, and need for relatedness. In support of nomological validity, each need uniquely contributed to predicting perceived stress and academic burnout. However, unexpectedly, autonomy did not provide incremental value beyond competence and relatedness in predicting life satisfaction and academic engagement.The fourth study translated and adapted the basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration scale (BPNSFS) to Swedish and the educational domain (BPNSFS-ED). This study also investigated the coherence between the BPNSFS-ED and the NSFS. Factor analyses showed support for using the scale as a six- dimensional measure of students' needs satisfaction and need frustration. The coherence between the BPNSFS-ED and the NSFS was moderate, and the BPNSFS-ED appears to be a more SDT coherent measure of students’ basic psychological needs.The main contribution of this thesis was providing researchers with a validated self-report instrument to assess basic psychological needs in Swedish education. The results also highlight challenges with measuring and modeling basic psychological needs and question whether items from well-used basic needs self-rating scales properly tap into the concept of need frustration. Finally, the results show that the need for autonomy seems to differ between basic psychological needs instruments which calls for mindfulness when choosing an instrument to measure basic psychological needs, and when comparing results across studies. Based on the results of this thesis, the BPNSFS-ED self-report instrument appears to be a good choice for researchers interested in assessing basic psychological needs in Swedish education.
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| 30. |
- Holmquist, Sofie, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing autonomy, relatedness, and competence in higher education : the Swedish need satisfaction and frustration scale
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-4508.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Need-satisfying experiences corresponding to students' psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence lead to increased academic engagement and well-being. A lack of education-specific basic needs instruments validated in Swedish may inhibit basic needs research in Swedish-speaking student populations. Thus, the present study aimed to adapt the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS) to the context of education in Sweden and validate this new Swedish NSFS in a sample of Swedish university students (n = 417, 59.7% women, mean age = 23.3 (SD = 4.3) years). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the dimensionality of NSFS ratings, followed by structural equation modelling of nomological networks of basic needs, academic engagement, life satisfaction, academic burnout, and perceived stress. The NSFS ratings were best described by a three-factor model with methods correction for reversed item bias. Results showed that each need uniquely contributed to perceived stress and academic burnout. Relatedness and competence, but not autonomy, were significant predictors of life satisfaction and academic engagement. The main study contribution was providing a Swedish NSFS to assess autonomy, relatedness, and competence in higher education. The results support the use of the Swedish NSFS as a three-dimensional measure of basic needs in Swedish-speaking student populations.
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| 31. |
- Højfeldt, Sofie G., et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic predisposition to PEG-asparaginase hypersensitivity in children treated according to NOPHO ALL2008
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 184:3, s. 405-417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asparaginase is essential in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment, however hypersensitivity reactions to pegylated asparaginase (PEG-asparaginase) hampers anti-neoplastic efficacy. Patients with PEG-asparaginase hypersensitivity have been shown to possess zero asparaginase enzyme activity. Using this measurement to define the phenotype, we investigated genetic predisposition to PEG-asparaginase hypersensitivity in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). From July 2008 to March 2016, 1494 children were treated on the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology ALL2008 protocol. Cases were defined by clinical hypersensitivity and no enzyme activity, controls had enzyme activity ≥ 100 iu/l and no hypersensitivity symptoms. PEG-asparaginase hypersensitivity was reported in 13·8% (206/1494) of patients. Fifty-nine cases and 772 controls fulfilled GWAS inclusion criteria. The CNOT3 variant rs73062673 on 19q13.42, was associated with PEG-asparaginase allergy (P = 4·68 × 10-8 ). We further identified two signals on chromosome 6 in relation to HLA-DQA1 (P = 9·37 × 10-6 ) and TAP2 (P = 1·59 × 10-5 ). This study associated variants in CNOT3 and in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region with PEG-asparaginase hypersensitivity, suggesting that not only genetic variations in the HLA region, but also regulation of these genes are of importance in the biology of this toxicity. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the importance of using asparaginase enzyme activity measurements to identify PEG-asparaginase hypersensitivity.
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| 32. |
- Jonsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein Kinase R Is Constitutively Expressed in the Human Pancreas
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-1554 .- 1551-5044. ; 67:2, s. 99-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viral infection of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas has been proposed in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Protein kinase R (PKR) is a cytoplasmic protein activated through phosphorylation in response to cellular stress and particularly viral infection. As PKR expression in pancreatic beta-cells has been interpreted as a viral footprint, this cross-sectional study aimed at characterizing the PKR expression in non-diabetic human pancreases. PKR expression was evaluated in pancreas tissue from 16 non-diabetic organ donors, using immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and western blot. Immunohistochemistry and western blot showed readily detectable PKR expression in the pancreatic parenchyma. The qPCR detected PKR mRNA in both endocrine and exocrine samples, with a slightly higher expression in the islets. In conclusion, PKR is constitutively expressed in both endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas and its expression should not be interpreted as a viral footprint in pancreatic beta cells.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitality through negotiations : The performing of everyday meal activities among nursing staff and meal hosts. A qualitative study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. - : Elsevier. - 1878-450X .- 1878-4518. ; 27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mealtimes are an important part of the hospital stay for patients and have significance for the patients' recovery and treatment as well as for their overall experience of their hospital stay. However, more knowledge is needed to understand the activities performed for the benefit of the patients and what the staff experience and describe to be meaningful or challenging when serving patients their meals. This study investigates the notion of hospitality in understanding the everyday activity of serving meals to older adult patients. The study is based on 20 semi-structured interviews with assistant nurses, registered nurses, and meal hosts at two hospitals in Sweden. Through thematic analysis, four themes were identified that capture the everyday activities of serving meals to older adult patients from the staff's perspectives: Managing the patient's best interest, Managing time, Managing the food service frame and Managing the meal environment. The findings suggest that hospitality is performed when these are managed, and that hospitality therefore is performed in negotiation with and within the given organisational frames in the hospitals. When these frames are stretched, the staff do more than is expected and carry out a caring and knowing performance that complements the already person-centred care approach in place. Essentially, the staff find that when having time, but also when taking time with the patients during the mealtime, they are able to increase the patients' food intake and create positive mealtime moments, hence emphasising the need for studying welcoming organisational structures that can enable the staff to perform hospitable mealtimes for the older adult patients.
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| 35. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Måltidsmiljö och verksamhetsstruktur
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mat och måltider i äldreomsorgen. - Uppsala : Livsmedelsverket. ; , s. 103-137
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
- Jonsson, Ann-Sofie, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Performances of hospitality within restricted meal frames : An observational study of four hospital wards in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hospitality & Society. - : Intellect Ltd.. - 2042-7913 .- 2042-7921. ; 11:1, s. 47-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hospitality is a social phenomenon expressing relationships between a host and a guest. This relationship can be seen in its most extreme form within a hospital setting, where the guest is a patient staying within an establishment where the core activity is not to provide the patient with food and drinks but to treat medical conditions. The aim of this study is therefore to explore how hospitality was performed by nursing staff and meal hosts in the dining room environments at four hospital wards and to explore the specific role of the room and its artefacts in facilitating or hindering acts of hospitality. In total, twenty non-participating observations were conducted across four wards within two Swedish hospitals. The dramaturgical theory proposed by Goffman was used as theoretical lens. Field notes were analysed in accordance with qualitative content analyses and yielded two overarching themes: (1) Hospitality and hospitableness through acts of caring and (2) The dining room environment’s potential to promote or hinder acts of hospitality. The findings suggest that the dining room environment facilitated timely service for the patients when the materiality within the room followed the principles of mise en place and included the constant presence of a staff member. This is seen as an important finding in relation to what needs to be addressed when planning hospital dining room environments and to the patients’ ability to consume a meal within a frame that acknowledges and assists the patients during their meals.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Diet in 1-year-old farm and control children and allergy development: results from the FARMFLORA birth cohort
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 60, s. 32721-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A farming environment confers strong protection against allergy development. We have previously shown that farming mothers consume more full-fat dairy than control mothers, who instead consume more low-fat dairy, margarine, and oils; margarine and oil intake was associated with increased risk of allergy development in their children.OBJECTIVES:The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in diet between children in farming and control families at 1 year of age, to investigate the relation between the diets of the mothers and their children, and to relate the children's diet to allergy development.DESIGN:The diet of 1-year-old children from dairy farming families (n=28) and from control families in the same rural area (n=37) was assessed by 24-h dietary recalls, followed by 24-h food diaries. Allergy was diagnosed by pediatricians at 3 years of age using strict predefined criteria.RESULTS:Farm children had a higher intake of farm milk, whole cream, cholesterol, saturated fat, and fat in total and tended to eat more butter, while controls consumed more carbohydrates and poultry and tended to eat more margarine. Farm children also had higher intakes of homemade porridge/gruel, oily fish, and iodine. The intake of butter and whole milk in children and mothers correlated significantly in farm families but not in controls. A weak negative association was found between seafood intake and allergy development, while allergy was positively associated with the intake of pork as well as zinc in the control group; these intakes also correlated with each other.CONCLUSIONS:Consistent with mothers in farming families, the children consumed more full-fat dairy and saturated fat than did controls, but this could not be linked to the low risk of allergy in the farming group. Seafood intake might protect against allergy development, in accordance with earlier findings.
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| 39. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Diet in 1-year-old farm and control children and allergy development: results from the FARMFLORA birth cohort : Diet in 1-year-old farm and control children
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 60:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A farming environment confers strong protection against allergy development. We have previously shown that farming mothers consume more full-fat dairy than control mothers, who instead consume more low-fat dairy, margarine, and oils; margarine and oil intake was associated with increased risk of allergy development in their children. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in diet between children in farming and control families at 1 year of age, to investigate the relation between the diets of the mothers and their children, and to relate the children's diet to allergy development. DESIGN: The diet of 1-year-old children from dairy farming families (n=28) and from control families in the same rural area (n=37) was assessed by 24-h dietary recalls, followed by 24-h food diaries. Allergy was diagnosed by pediatricians at 3 years of age using strict predefined criteria. RESULTS: Farm children had a higher intake of farm milk, whole cream, cholesterol, saturated fat, and fat in total and tended to eat more butter, while controls consumed more carbohydrates and poultry and tended to eat more margarine. Farm children also had higher intakes of homemade porridge/gruel, oily fish, and iodine. The intake of butter and whole milk in children and mothers correlated significantly in farm families but not in controls. A weak negative association was found between seafood intake and allergy development, while allergy was positively associated with the intake of pork as well as zinc in the control group; these intakes also correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with mothers in farming families, the children consumed more full-fat dairy and saturated fat than did controls, but this could not be linked to the low risk of allergy in the farming group. Seafood intake might protect against allergy development, in accordance with earlier findings.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Late introduction of fish and eggs is associated with increased risk of allergy development - results from the FARMFLORA birth cohort
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 61:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of allergy is markedly low in children growing up on farms. An increasing number of studies indicate that the timing of food introduction may affect allergy development. We aimed to investigate if protection against allergy in farm environments may be mediated through differences in food-introduction practices between farm and non-farm families, using an explorative approach. Twenty-eight farm and 37 non-farm children were included in the FARMFLORA birth cohort. Practices of breastfeeding and introduction of formulas and complementary foods were collected by questionnaires at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Allergy was diagnosed by pediatricians at 3 years of age. The only difference in food-introduction practices observed between farm and non-farm children was an earlier introduction of nuts in farmers (median month: 11 [IQR: 8-6] in farmers, 15 [12-19] in non-farmers). One farm child (4%) and 10 non-farm children (27%) were allergic at 3 years of age. Lower risk of allergy development was associated with early exclusive breastfeeding (continuous variable; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.89), but also having received eggs (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.13-0.54) and fish (logistic regression not applicable, P = 0.01 in likelihood ratio testing [chi(2)]) at 10 months of age or earlier compared to later. Our results were not affected by reverse causation, as judged by a questionnaire sent to the families in retrospect. Timing of introduction of complementary foods is unlikely to contribute to the lower risk of allergy among farm children. Although early exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a lower rate of allergy development, postponed introduction of complementary foods might increase the risk of developing allergy. Owing to the limited sample size, our results are only indicative, but support prior findings.
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| 43. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Renare närmiljö och kost kan förklara ökning av allergier
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordisk Nutrition. - 1654-8337. ; 2012:3, s. 20-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I takt med en förbättrad levnadsstandard har allergiförekomsten ökat kraftigt de senaste decennierna. Ungefär 30 procent av alla svenska barn är allergiska och allergi har i länder med ett västerländskt leverne blivit en av vår tids största folksjukdomar hos barn och ungdomar. På Nordic Nutrition Conference 2012 i Reykjavik presenterades resultat från forskning om olika kostfaktorers koppling till allergier av olika slag. Områden som berördes var tajming av livsmedelsintroduktion till småbarn, konsumtion av olika typer av fett, kostmönster hos barn uppväxta i en allergiskyddande bondgårdsmiljö samt intag av miljögifter som finns i fet fisk från kontaminerade vatten.
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| 44. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Serum fatty acids in infants, reflecting family fish consumption, were inversely associated with allergy development but not related to farm residence. : Serum fatty acids and allergy in farm and control children
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 105:12, s. 1462-1471
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: In this study, differences in serum fatty acid patterns between farm and non-farm infants were investigated and related to subsequent allergy development. We also related allergy-related serum fatty acids to maternal diet and breast milk fatty acids. METHODS: The FARMFLORA birth cohort included 28 farm and 37 non-farm infants. Serum was obtained from 21 farm infants and 29 controls at four months postpartum and analysed for phospholipid fatty acids. Allergy was diagnosed by paediatricians at three years of age. RESULTS: Serum fatty acid patterns were similar in farm and control infants, although farm infants had lower 18:1 omega-7 proportions. Serum proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were unrelated to farming status, but lower in children who subsequently developed allergy, with an odds ratio of 0.47 and 95% confidence interval of 0.27-0.83 (p=0.01) for every 0.1% EPA increase. The infants' serum EPA proportions correlated with breast milk EPA proportions, which, in turn, correlated with maternal oily fish intake during lactation. CONCLUSION: The allergy protective effect of farming was not linked to infant serum fatty acid composition. However, healthy infants had higher proportions of EPA in their sera, probably reflecting a family diet rich in fish, compared to subsequently allergic children.
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| 45. |
- Jonsson, Karin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum fatty acids in infants, reflecting family fish consumption, were inversely associated with allergy development but not related to farm residence.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:12, s. 1462-1471
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:In this study, differences in serum fatty acid patterns between farm and non-farm infants were investigated and related to subsequent allergy development. We also related allergy-related serum fatty acids to maternal diet and breast milk fatty acids.METHODS:The FARMFLORA birth cohort included 28 farm and 37 non-farm infants. Serum was obtained from 21 farm infants and 29 controls at four months postpartum and analysed for phospholipid fatty acids. Allergy was diagnosed by paediatricians at three years of age.RESULTS:Serum fatty acid patterns were similar in farm and control infants, although farm infants had lower 18:1 omega-7 proportions. Serum proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were unrelated to farming status, but lower in children who subsequently developed allergy, with an odds ratio of 0.47 and 95% confidence interval of 0.27-0.83 (p=0.01) for every 0.1% EPA increase. The infants' serum EPA proportions correlated with breast milk EPA proportions, which, in turn, correlated with maternal oily fish intake during lactation.CONCLUSION:The allergy protective effect of farming was not linked to infant serum fatty acid composition. However, healthy infants had higher proportions of EPA in their sera, probably reflecting a family diet rich in fish, compared to subsequently allergic children.
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| 46. |
- Jonsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Aggregated Aβ1-42 Is Selectively Toxic for Neurons, Whereas Glial Cells Produce Mature Fibrils with Low Toxicity in Drosophila
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Chemical Biology. - Cambridge, United States : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9456 .- 2451-9448. ; 25:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basis for selective vulnerability of certain cell types for misfolded proteins (MPs) in neurodegenerative diseases is largely unknown. This knowledge is crucial for understanding disease progression in relation to MPs spreading in the CNS. We assessed this issue in Drosophila by cell-specific expression of human Aβ1-42 associated with Alzheimer's disease. Expression of Aβ1-42 in various neurons resulted in concentration-dependent severe neurodegenerative phenotypes, and intraneuronal ring-tangle-like aggregates with immature fibril properties when analyzed by aggregate-specific ligands. Unexpectedly, expression of Aβ1-42 from a pan-glial driver produced a mild phenotype despite massive brain load of Aβ1-42 aggregates, even higher than in the strongest neuronal driver. Glial cells formed more mature fibrous aggregates, morphologically distinct from aggregates found in neurons, and was mainly extracellular. Our findings implicate that Aβ1-42 cytotoxicity is both cell and aggregate morphotype dependent. Jonson et al. used transgenic Drosophila to understand cell-specific response to protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disease. They demonstrate that the Alzheimer-associated peptide Aβ1-42 form various amyloid structures with different toxic properties when expressed in different cell types of the brain. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 47. |
- Jägerskog, Ann-Sofie, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning through Visual Illustration and Retrieval Practice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Earli SIG 2 Comprehension of text and graphics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that studying with (vs. without) visual illustrations as well as taking tests (vs. restudying) is beneficial for learning. Both are well-known learning strategies, but they have not previously been investigated in combination and rarely in the classroom. In this study, 133 upper secondary students were given a lecture presented only verbally or with the aid of a visual illustration. The students processed the information again either by retrieval practice or by restudying it. Recall and transfer tests were conducted after some few minutes, after a week and after 10 weeks. Visuoverbal presentation resulted in better learning than verbal presentation only. Although a modest testing effect was found, this effect was considerably weaker than the multimedia effect. Retrieval practice did not improve the participants’ memory performance beyond the beneficial effect of visuoverbal learning. Presentation format proved to be a more important factor for learning than study strategy.
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| 48. |
- Jägerskog, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Multimedia learning trumps retrieval practice in psychology teaching
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 60:3, s. 222-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that studying with (vs. without) visual illustrations as well as taking tests (vs. restudying) is beneficial for learning, but on which strategy should one put the efforts, or should they be combined for best learning? Eighty-eight upper secondary school students were given a brief lecture presented verbally (6 classes) or with the aid of a visual illustration (visuoverbal, 6 classes). The information was processed again by taking a memory test or by restudying. Recall and transfer tests were conducted after some few minutes and again after one week. The visuoverbal lecture resulted in better learning than verbal presentation only. A significant study strategy by retention interval interaction was found. However, this interaction was not qualified by a testing effect. Hence, taking tests (retrieval practice) did not lead to better learning than restudying. It was concluded that it is worthwhile to use visual illustrations in teaching. However, the present study did not reveal any synergistic effects from the combination of visuoverbal presentation and retrieval practice.
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| 49. |
- Mannerberg, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Dosimetric effects of adaptive prostate cancer radiotherapy in an MR-linac workflow
- 2020
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Ingår i: Radiation oncology (London, England). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-717X. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose was to evaluate the dosimetric effects in prostate cancer treatment caused by anatomical changes occurring during the time frame of adaptive replanning in a magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR-linac) workflow. METHODS: Two MR images (MR1 and MR2) were acquired with 30 min apart for each of the 35 patients enrolled in this study. The clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated based on MR1. Using a synthetic CT (sCT), ultra-hypofractionated VMAT treatment plans were created for MR1, with three different planning target volume (PTV) margins of 7 mm, 5 mm and 3 mm. The three treatment plans of MR1, were recalculated onto MR2 using its corresponding sCT. The dose distribution of MR2 represented delivered dose to the patient after 30 min of adaptive replanning, omitting motion correction before beam on. MR2 was registered to MR1, using deformable registration. Using the inverse deformation, the structures of MR1 was deformed to fit MR2 and anatomical changes were quantified. For dose distribution comparison the dose distribution of MR2 was warped to the geometry MR1. RESULTS: The mean center of mass vector offset for the CTV was 1.92 mm [0.13 - 9.79 mm]. Bladder volume increase ranged from 12.4 to 133.0% and rectum volume difference varied between -10.9 and 38.8%. Using the conventional 7 mm planning target volume (PTV) margin the dose reduction to the CTV was 1.1%. Corresponding values for 5 mm and 3 mm PTV margin were 2.0% and 4.2% respectively. The dose to the PTV and OARs also decreased from D1 to D2, for all PTV margins evaluated. Statistically significant difference was found for CTV Dmin between D1 and D2 for the 3 mm PTV margin (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A target underdosage caused by anatomical changes occurring during the reported time frame for adaptive replanning MR-linac workflows was found. Volume changes in both bladder and rectum caused large prostate displacements. This indicates the importance of thorough position verification before treatment delivery and that the workflow needs to speed up before introducing margin reduction.
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| 50. |
- Massoud, Al-Shimaà A A, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Bis 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one silver(I) nitrate: synthesis, X-ray structures, solution chemistry, hydrogel loading, DNA coupling and anti-bacterial screening
- 2011
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Ingår i: New Journal of Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1369-9261 .- 1144-0546. ; 35:3, s. 640-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthesis of bis-4,5-diazafluoren-9-one silver(I) nitrate I (dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) and the low temperature X-ray single crystal structure of [Ag(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one)2NO3], crystal form 1, and a re-determination of [Ag(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one)2]NO3 . H2O, crystal form 2 are presented. Crystal form 1 has a distorted trigonal planar coordination geometry around Ag(I) with an N-Ag-N bond angle of 123.45(7)o. Crystal form 2 has a perfect linear coordination around Ag, with N-Ag-N 180.0o. Compound I was characterized by 1H-NMR, biological activity and ESI-MS in DMSO at room temperature. The biological activity was determined against 6 different resistant clinical isolates; two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and four Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella sp.) in comparison with 15 known antibiotics used in the treatment of diabetic foot infections. Compound I showed broad spectrum activity against all the test organisms. P. mirabilis and S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were the most sensitive clinical isolates (MIC = 4, 6 and 4 μg ml-1, respectively). Three different hydrogels containing I or Ag2SO4 were prepared and the antimicrobial activity against Ps. aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) compared, showing more or less equal activity on a weight basis, but I seems to have a significant better performance per silver ion. The Ag(I) complex also binds more effectively to calf thymus DNA than the dafone ligand itself.
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