| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 3. |
- Anderson, Dan, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave breakdown in RF devices
- 2006
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Ingår i: 33rd European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics, Rome, June 19-23, 2006. ; , s. 429-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Bache, Iben, et al.
(författare)
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An excess of chromosome 1 breakpoints in male infertility.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5438 .- 1018-4813. ; 12:12, s. 993-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a search for potential infertility loci, which might be revealed by clustering of chromosomal breakpoints, we compiled 464 infertile males with a balanced rearrangement from Mendelian Cytogenetics Network database (MCNdb) and compared their karyotypes with those of a Danish nation-wide cohort. We excluded Robertsonian translocations, rearrangements involving sex chromosomes and common variants. We identified 10 autosomal bands, five of which were on chromosome 1, with a large excess of breakpoints in the infertility group. Some of these could potentially harbour a male-specific infertility locus. However, a general excess of breakpoints almost everywhere on chromosome 1 was observed among the infertile males: 26.5 versus 14.5% in the cohort. This excess was observed both for translocation and inversion carriers, especially pericentric inversions, both for published and unpublished cases, and was significantly associated with azoospermia. The largest number of breakpoints was reported in 1q21; FISH mapping of four of these breakpoints revealed that they did not involve the same region at the molecular level. We suggest that chromosome 1 harbours a critical domain whose integrity is essential for male fertility.
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| 5. |
- Bashinov, A. V., et al.
(författare)
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New horizons for extreme light physics with mega-science project XCELS
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal: Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6401 .- 1951-6355. ; 223:6, s. 1105-1112
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A short review of the Russian mega-science project XCELS and scientific problems to be solved are presented. We discuss the origin of multi-beam design to attain the highest field magnitude at optimal focusing. Then, we formulate particular physical problems of fundamental interest that can be solved within this project.
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| 6. |
- Bashinov, A. V., et al.
(författare)
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Towards attosecond-scale highly directed GeV gamma-ray sources with multipetawatt-class lasers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Optics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2040-8978 .- 2040-8986. ; 19:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a possibility of constructing a gamma-ray source based on the multibeam configuration of a multipetawatt laser system which we simulate using a converging dipole wave. It is shown that such a configuration of fields allows the generation of gamma radiation with narrow directivity of about 1 mrad in the form of pulse trains or isolated pulses on the attosecond timescale. The influence of quantum electrodynamic cascade development on the parameters of generated gamma bursts is studied.
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Mats G., et al.
(författare)
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Can intentional electrical discharges be used for HPM protection?
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC 2011; Long Beach, CA; 14 August 2011 through 19 August 2011. - 1077-4076. ; , s. 752-757
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to protect electronics against High Power Microwaves (HPM) using an intentional electrical discharge triggered by the HPM pulse has been investigated. The case considered is a resonant slot, located e.g. in an antenna array or in a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). The reduction of the pulse energy transmitted through the slot is regarded to be the most important parameter of merit. Experimental and theoretical research showed that a spark in the middle of a 46.3 0.1 mm resonant slot, induced by the incident HPM-pulse, gave a reduction of the transmitted pulse energy of about 24 dB. The studies showed that the investigated approach can provide a quite good level of protection that at least reduces the requirements on additional protection components such as limiters integrated in receivers located behind the slot. In order to achieve a sufficiently strong enhancement of the electric field to initiate breakdown in wide slots one presumably has to introduce a small pointed gap in the middle of the slot. This may in turn require that a radioactive sample is located close to the gap in order to produce a sufficient number of seed electrons necessary for triggering the discharge. © 2011 IEEE.
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| 9. |
- Carvalho, T, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting of adenovirus E1A and E4-ORF3 proteins to nuclear matrix-associated PML bodies
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0021-9525 .- 1540-8140. ; 131:1, s. 45-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PML protein was first identified as part of a fusion product with the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha), resulting from the t(15;17) chromosomal translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It has been previously demonstrated that PML, which is tightly bound to the nuclear matrix, concentrates in discrete subnuclear compartments that are disorganized in APL cells due to the expression of the PML-RAR alpha hybrid. Here we report that adenovirus infection causes a drastic redistribution of PML from spherical nuclear bodies into fibrous structures. The product encoded by adenovirus E4-ORF3 is shown to be responsible for this reorganization and to colocalize with PML into these fibers. In addition, we demonstrate that E1A oncoproteins concentrate in the PML domains, both in infected and transiently transfected cells, and that this association requires the conserved amino acid motif (D)LXCXE, common to all viral oncoproteins that bind pRB or the related p107 and p130 proteins. The SV-40 large T antigen, another member of this oncoprotein family is also found in close association with the PML nuclear bodies. Taken together, the present data indicate that the subnuclear domains containing PML represent a preferential target for DNA tumor viruses, and therefore suggest a more general involvement of the PML nuclear bodies in oncogenic processes.
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| 12. |
- Herrick, Ariane L, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment outcome in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis : The European Scleroderma Observational Study (ESOS)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 76:7, s. 1207-1218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The rarity of early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) makes randomised controlled trials very difficult. We aimed to use an observational approach to compare effectiveness of currently used treatment approaches. Methods: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of early dcSSc (within three years of onset of skin thickening). Clinicians selected one of four protocols for each patient: methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclophosphamide or 'no immunosuppressant'. Patients were assessed three-monthly for up to 24 months. The primary outcome was the change in modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Confounding by indication at baseline was accounted for using inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weights. As a secondary outcome, an IPT-weighted Cox model was used to test for differences in survival. Results Of 326 patients recruited from 50 centres, 65 were prescribed methotrexate, 118 MMF, 87 cyclophosphamide and 56 no immunosuppressant. 276 (84.7%) patients completed 12 and 234 (71.7%) 24 months follow-up (or reached last visit date). There were statistically significant reductions in mRSS at 12 months in all groups: -4.0 (-5.2 to -2.7) units for methotrexate, -4.1 (-5.3 to -2.9) for MMF, -3.3 (-4.9 to -1.7) for cyclophosphamide and -2.2 (-4.0 to -0.3) for no immunosuppressant (p value for between-group differences=0.346). There were no statistically significant differences in survival between protocols before (p=0.389) or after weighting (p=0.440), but survival was poorest in the no immunosuppressant group (84.0%) at 24 months. Conclusions: These findings may support using immunosuppressants for early dcSSc but suggest that overall benefit is modest over 12 months and that better treatments are needed.
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| 15. |
- Jordan, Gyözö, 1968-
(författare)
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Terrain Modelling with GIS for Tectonic Geomorphology : Numerical Methods and Applications
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) by means of geomorphometry provides means of recognising fractures and characterising the morphotectonics of an area in a quantitative way. The objective of the thesis is to develop numerical methods and a consistent GIS methodology for tectonic geomorphology and apply it to test sites. Based on the study of landforms related to faults, geomorphological characteristics are translated into mathematical and numerical algorithms. The methodology is based on general geomorphometry. In this study, the basic geometric attributes (elevation, slope, aspect and curvatures) are complemented with the automatic extraction of ridge and valley lines and surface specific points. Evan’s univariate and bivariate methodology of general geomorphometry is extended with texture (spatial) analysis methods such as trend, autocorrelation, spectral, wavelet and network analysis. Digital terrain modelling is carried out by means of (1) general geomorphometry, (2) digital drainage network analysis, (3) digital image processing, (4) lineament extraction and analysis, (5) spatial and statistical analysis and (6) DEM specific digital methods such as shaded relief models, digital cross-sections and 3D surface modelling. Geological data of various sources and scales are integrated in a GIS database. Interpretation of multi-source information confirmed the findings of digital morphotectonic investigation. A simple shear model with principal displacement zone in the NE-SW direction can explain most of the morphotectonic features associated with structures identified by geological and digital morphotectonic investigations in the Kali Basin. Comparison of the results of the DTA with the known geology from NW Greece indicated that the major faults correspond to clear lineaments. Thus, DTA of an area in the proposed way forms a useful tool to identify major and minor structures covering large areas. In this thesis, numerical methods for drainage network extraction and aspect analysis have been developed and applied to tectonic geomorphology.
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| 16. |
- Jordan, Ulf, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave breakdown in slots
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Trans. Plasma Science. ; 32, s. 2250-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Jordan, Ulf, 1974
(författare)
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Microwave Breakdown: Physics and Applications
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Theories for microwave breakdown in gases, with emphasis on Air, are presented in this thesis. Underlying physical processes are described together with models suitable for scientific research and technical development. Application of the models, both to microwave devices where the breakdown phenomenon limits normal operation and to devices where breakdown is an inherent feature of proper operation, is discussed. Paper A gives analytical and numerical models for breakdown in resonant structures involving inhomogeneous electric fields. The theoretical predictions are verified by experiments. Paper B introduces a model for breakdown in electric fields with stochastically varying amplitude. The stochastic model together with classical deterministic models for pulsed breakdown are used to assess microwave breakdown in multi-carrier and modulated fields. Paper C presents analytical and experimental results on the breakdown properties of narrow metallic slots, with special emphasis on parameters important for protection against high power microwave (HPM) radiation. Paper D examines in detail the concept of effective diffusion length for the determination of breakdown thresholds. The consequences of inhomogeneous electric fields and pressure dependence are covered, together with a discussion on determining the diffusion length from breakdown threshold data. Paper E gives analytical estimates for the nonlinear characteristics of high-Q resonant cavities during breakdown and discharge stages. The results can be used for predicting the behaviour of filter resonators and plasma processing devices. Paper F treats the problem of breakdown around a metal wedge, presenting conditions for localised breakdown not to occur close to the wedge. Conversely, the analysis also indicates when a more thorough analysis is needed to accurately determine the microwave breakdown threshold due to localisation of the breakdown close to the wedge.
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| 21. |
- Jordan, Ulf, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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On the effective diffusion length for microwave breakdown
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. 5th International Workshop on Multipactor, Corona and Passive Intermodulation, September 12 – 14, 2005, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands In: Space RF Hardware (MULCOPIM' 2005). ; , s. 243-249
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Muraviev, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Generation of current sheets and giant quasistatic magnetic fields at the ionization of vacuum in extremely strong light fields
- 2015
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Ingår i: JETP Letters. - 1090-6487 .- 0021-3640. ; 102:3, s. 148-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The self-consistent dynamics of an electron–positron plasma, which is formed during the generation of quantum-electrodynamic cascades, in a superstrong field of counterpropagating linearly polarized waves is examined. It is shown that the formation of thin (on a wavelength scale) current sheets which generate quasistatic magnetic fields comparable to the corresponding fields of incident waves plays an important role in the dynamics of a cascade for fields above a certain threshold. The fraction of the laser energy transformed into the energy of quasistatic magnetic fields can exceed 20%.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Peytrignet, Sébastien, et al.
(författare)
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Disability, fatigue, pain and their associates in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: the European Scleroderma Observational Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 57:2, s. 370-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to describe the burden of early dcSSc in terms of disability, fatigue and pain in the European Scleroderma Observational Study cohort, and to explore associated clinical features.Patients completed questionnaires at study entry, 12 and 24 months, including the HAQ disability index (HAQ-DI), the Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-fatigue and the Short Form 36 (SF36). Associates examined included the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), current digital ulcers and internal organ involvement. Correlations between 12-month changes were also examined.The 326 patients recruited (median disease duration 11.9 months) displayed high levels of disability [mean (s.d.) HAQ-DI 1.1 (0.83)], with 'grip' and 'activity' being most affected. Of the 18 activities assessed in the CHFS, those involving fine finger movements were most affected. High HAQ-DI and CHFS scores were both associated with high mRSS (ρ = 0.34, P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.35, P < 0.0001, respectively). HAQ-DI was higher in patients with digital ulcers (P = 0.004), pulmonary fibrosis (P = 0.005), cardiac (P = 0.005) and muscle involvement (P = 0.002). As anticipated, HAQ-DI, CHFS, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy and SF36 scores were all highly correlated, in particular the HAQ-DI with the CHFS (ρ = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Worsening HAQ-DI over 12 months was strongly associated with increasing mRSS (ρ = 0.40, P < 0.0001), decreasing hand function (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.0001) and increasing fatigue (ρ = -0.53, P < 0.0001).The European Scleroderma Observational Study highlights the burden of disability in early dcSSc, with high levels of disability and fatigue, associating with the degree of skin thickening (mRSS). Impaired hand function is a major contributor to overall disability.
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| 30. |
- Zieba, Agata, et al.
(författare)
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Bright-Field Microscopy Visualization of Proteins and Protein Complexes by In Situ Proximity Ligation with Peroxidase Detection
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 56:1, s. 99-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) allows a protein or protein complex to be represented as an amplifiable DNA molecule. Recognition is mediated by proximity probes consisting of antibodies coupled with oligonucleotides. Upon dual binding of the proximity probes, the oligonucleotides direct the formation of a circular DNA molecule, which is then amplified by rolling-circle replication. The localized concatemeric product is then detected with fluorescent probes. The in situ PLA enables localized detection of individual native proteins or interacting protein pairs in fixed cells or tissue sections, thus providing an important tool for basic and clinical research. METHODS: We used horseradish peroxidase (HRP)conjugated oligonucleotides to couple in situ PLA with enzymatic visualization of the localized detection event. RESULTS: We demonstrate the detection of protein complexes, both in cells and in tissue sections, and show that we can quantify the complexes with image-analysis software specially developed for recognizing HRP signals in bright-field microscopy images. We show that fluorescence and HRP signals produce equivalent results, both ill cultured cells and in tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of in situ PLA with bright-field detection and automated image analysis allows the signals present to be Counted in an automated fashion and thus provides a sensitive and specific method for quantification of proteins and protein complexes with bright-field microscopy. With this approach, in situ PLA can be used without the requirement for expensive fluorescence microscopes, thereby avoiding problems with nonspecific fluorescence while maintaining compatibility with conventional histologic staining.
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