| 1. |
- Ericsson, Kjerstin, et al.
(författare)
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The short human figure drawing scale for evaluation of suspect cognitive dysfunction in old age
- 1994
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Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 19:3, s. 243-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human figure drawings have been widely used to assess cognitive development in children. In the present study, free-hand human figure drawings were examined for 62 demented patients, and 60 normal elderly subjects. The drawings were scored for 53 body details using a method derived from work with children. A short scale of 15 details was developed by selecting body details with high item-total correlations which are simple to score even for untrained staff. This short scale had excellent interscorer and test-retest reliability and excellent concurrent validity as well. It correlated highly with the Mini-Mental State Examination, a commonly used screening test for dementia. The short scale discriminated demented and non-demented subjects and different levels of dementia severity as graded by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. However, no differences were observed between Alzheimer patients and patients with vascular dementia concerning presence of details in human figure drawings.
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| 2. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K, et al.
(författare)
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Activity patterns in very old people : a survey of cognitively intact subjects aged 90 years or older
- 1999
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 28:2, s. 147-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: to measure activity patterns in very old people, the factors related to this and the association of different types of activity with well-being.METHODS: a study of 105 people, aged 90 years or older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in Stockholm. The activities carried out during the previous day were recorded and each activity was rated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: the degrees of intellectual, social and physical activity are independent of each other. Very elderly people tended to have variable but relatively low activity levels over a day. Good health and not moving home were associated with greater intellectual activity. Extraversion and negative life events (such as death of close friend or family member) were associated with greater social activity, while relatively younger age and better health were associated with greater physical activity. There was positive association between physical activity and well-being.
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| 3. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K., et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction among the very old : a survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years or above
- 2001
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Aging & Human Development. - 0091-4150 .- 1541-3535. ; 52:1, s. 71-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to measure life satisfaction and the factors believed to influence it. The study involved 105 very old people, ninety years and above, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm, Sweden. In order to assess life satisfaction, the Life Satisfaction Index-B (LSI-B) and Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSI-Z) were used. Information about life events, activities, personality and social contacts were collected in order to determine their relative influence on life satisfaction. Factors associated with life satisfaction were also investigated in a content analysis to find out what the elderly themselves believe gives them life satisfaction. Results showedthat health and an emotionally stable personality were, independently of other factors, the most important factors for life satisfaction among the very old.
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| 4. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K, et al.
(författare)
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Negative and positive affect among the very old : a survey on a sample age 90 years and older
- 1998
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Ingår i: Research on Aging. - : SAGE Publications. - 0164-0275 .- 1552-7573. ; 20:5, s. 593-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to measure positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), and the factors that might influence these in the very elderly. The study involved 105 people, 90 years and older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was translated and used to measure affect. Results showed that PA and NA were virtually uncorrelated. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the factors that influence affect in the very elderly are similar to those influencing affect in younger ages and that personality traits are the major correlates of affect.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Truong, Quoc Cuong, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing conversion of the 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly scores into interval-level data across multiple samples using Rasch methodology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychogeriatrics. - : Wiley. - 1346-3500 .- 1479-8301. ; 23:3, s. 411-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE-16) is a well-validated and widely-used measure of cognitive changes (CCs) among older adults. This study aimed to use Rasch methodology to establish psychometric properties of the IQCODE-16 and validate the existing ordinal-to-interval transformation algorithms across multiple large samples. Methods: A Partial Credit Rasch model was employed to examine psychometric properties of the IQCODE-16 using data (n = 918) from two longitudinal studies of participants aged 57–99 years: the Older Australian Twins Study (n = 450) and the Canberra Longitudinal Study (n = 468), and reusing the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS) sample (n = 400). Results: Initial analyses indicated good reliability for the IQCODE-16 (Person Separation Index range: 0.82–0.90). However, local dependency was identified between items, with several items showing misfit to the model. Replicating the existing Rasch solution could not reproduce the best Rasch model fit for all samples. Combining locally dependent items into three testlets resolved all misfit and local dependency issues and resulted in the best Rasch model fit for all samples with evidence of unidimensionality, strong reliability, and invariance across person factors. Accordingly, new ordinal-to-interval transformation algorithms were produced to convert the IQCODE-16 ordinal scores into interval data to improve the accuracy of its scores. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the reliability and validity of the IQCODE-16 in measuring CCs among older adults. New ordinal-to-interval conversion tables generated using samples from multiple independent datasets are more generalizable and can be used to enhance the precision of the IQCODE-16 without changing its original format. An easy-to-use converter has been made available for clinical and research use.
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| 7. |
- von Strauss, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and participation of the elderly in population surveys : data from a longitudinal study on aging and dementia in Stockholm
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 51:3, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article was to assess the attitudes of older adults (age >74 years) toward research participation. A questionnaire was mailed to the study population (n = 1197) which included people who had participated in a longitudinal study once, twice, three times, or more. The participants showed a positive attitude in general as 79% saw an advantage of participation and 72% did not report any negative reaction. Older elderly with impaired cognitive functioning and lower education showed the least positive attitude, reporting the first contact and the cognitive testing as the most stressful situations. The group who had participated more than once was the most positive, but more often refused some parts of the clinical examination. We conclude that: (1) more attention is necessary to the initial contact; (2) reduction of stressful or tiring examinations is recommended; and (3) complete information about the research, including the right to refuse individual parts of the study, must be given. Such procedures will improve both the quality and the ethics of the research.
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