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1.	Josefsson, Andreas, 1979-, et al. (författare) Performance of 4Kscore as a Reflex Test to Prostate-specific Antigen in the GÖTEBORG-2 Prostate Cancer Screening Trial 2024 Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background and objective: We investigated whether adding 4Kscore as a reflex test to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) could improve the screening algorithm for prostate cancer (PC). Methods: In the GÖTEBORG-2 PC screening trial, 38 000men (50–60 yr) were invited to PSA testing and, if elevated, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For 571 men with PSA ≥3.0 ng/ml and evaluable outcomes, 4Kscore was calculated. The performance using a prespecified 4Kscore cutoff of 7.5% was evaluated. Key findings and limitations: The area under the curve for 4Kscore to identify intermediate- and high-risk PC was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.89), and the positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 15% (0.12–0.20) and 99% (97–100%), respectively. Of the 54 men diagnosed with intermediate- or high-grade PC, two had a 4Kscore cutoff below 7.5%, both with organ-confined intermediate-risk PC. Per 1000 men with elevated PSA, adding 4Kscore would have resulted in avoidance of MRI for 408 (41%) men, biopsies for 95 (28% reduction) men, and diagnosis of 23 low-grade cancers (23% reduction) while delaying the diagnosis of four men with intermediate-grade cancers (4%). Conclusions and clinical implications: Including 4Kscore as a reflex test for men with elevated PSA reduces the need for MRI and biopsy markedly, and results in less overdiagnosis of low-grade PC at the cost of delaying the diagnosis of intermediate-grade PC in a few men. These results add further evidence for including new blood-based biomarkers in addition to PSA to improve the harm and benefit ratio of PC screening and reduce the need for resource-demanding MRI and biopsies. Patient summary: In this study, 4Kscore, a blood-based biomarker, as a reflex test for men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), reduces the need for magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. These results support the inclusion of new blood-based biomarkers in addition to PSA.
2.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Improving scientific rigour in conservation evaluations and a plea deal for transparency on potential biases 2020 Ingår i: Conservation Letters. - : Wiley. - 1755-263X. ; 13:5 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The delivery of rigorous and unbiased evidence on the effects of interventions lay at the heart of the scientific method. Here we examine scientific papers evaluating agri-environment schemes, the principal instrument to mitigate farmland biodiversity declines worldwide. Despite previous warnings about rudimentary study designs in this field, we found that the majority of studies published between 2008 and 2017 still lack robust study designs to strictly evaluate intervention effects. Potential sources of bias that arise from the correlative nature are rarely mentioned, and results are still promoted by using a causal language. This lack of robust study designs likely results from poor integration of research and policy, while the erroneous use of causal language and an unwillingness to discuss bias may stem from publication pressures. We conclude that scientific reporting and discussion of study limitations in intervention research must improve and propose some practices toward this goal.
3.	Jönsson, K. Ingemar, et al. (författare) Ekologisk kompensation som verktyg i miljömålsarbetet : Syntes från en forskningssatsning 2023 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport utgör en syntes av de sju projekt som finansierades inom Naturvårdsverkets och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens forskningssatsning inom området ekologisk kompensation som pågick 2018–2021. Syntesprojektet har utgått dels från slutrapporterna från de enskilda projekten, dels från myndigheternas uttryckta önskemål om belysning av vissa specifika aspekter inom tillämpningen av ekologisk kompensation. Rapporten täcker därför inte in alla resultat och slutsatser från forskningsprojekten utan har inriktat sig på följande teman: (i) etiska argument kring ekologisk kompensation, (ii) förutsättningarna för lagstyrd och frivillig kompensation, (iii) modeller för beräkning av miljöskador och kompensationseffekter, och (iv) uppföljning och utvärdering av kompensationsåtgärder. Tillämpningen av ekologisk kompensation har idag en relativt begränsad omfattning, men skulle kunna utvecklas till ett mer använt styrmedel. I rapporten pekas dock på en rad aspekter som behöver åtgärdas och utvecklas för att ekologisk kompensation ska bidra till att förlusterna av biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster stoppas eller vänds till en nettouppbyggnad av miljövärden. Syntesprojektet resulterade i en rad olika förslag riktade till berörda myndigheter som förväntas vara avgörande för ekologisk kompensation som styrmedel. Dessa summeras kortfattat nedan: Lagstiftning och nationell policy • Skadelindringshierarkin bör få ett starkt lagstöd och kopplingen mellan hierarkin och principen om tvådelad prövningen bör klargöras • Målet med ekologisk kompensation bör formuleras och uttryckas i lagstiftning och nationella policydokument • Lagstiftning bör tas fram gällande regler för när ekologisk kompensation inte ska tillämpas utan exploatering i stället helt ska undvikas • Utredning behövs kring om ett mål om nettovinst vid ekologisk kompensation bör formuleras i miljöbalken, respektive om det ska uttryckas tydligare som en del av de svenska miljökvalitetsmålen • Krav på systematisk uppföljning bör ingå som standard för allakompensationsåtgärder baserade på beslut utifrån miljöbalken • Nationella riktlinjer bör utvecklas för uppföljning och utvärdering av ekologisk kompensation, och dessa bör även förtydliga vem som bär ansvaret för att utföra och bekosta dessa Utveckling av kompensationspooler • Ytterligare utredning bör göras kring förutsättningarna för att införa kompensationspooler i privat och offentlig regi, bland annat gällande ansvar samt sociala och samhällsekonomiska effekter Frivillig kompensation: kommunal och näringsliv • Nationellt gemensamma riktlinjer och utökad vägledning för frivillig kompensation bör utvecklas för att klargöra i. hur berörda aktörer kan och bör organisera arbetet med frivillig kompensation ii. hur målet med kompensationen bör definieras och i samband med det hur effekterna av införda kompensationsåtgärder bör följas upp • Tydligare stöd och riktlinjer bör utvecklas för vad som bör ingå i översiktsplaner, detaljplaner, grönplaner och naturvårdsplaner för att kunna skapa ett konsistent, transparent och mer strategiskt kommunalt arbete med kompensation, som också går att följa upp och utvärdera Beräkning och bedömning • Policydokument och riktlinjer bör upprättas för att styra handlingsutrymmet vad gäller naturtypisk, rumslig och tidsmässig flexibilitet inom ekologisk kompensation • Nationella riktlinjer bör av försiktighetsskäl förorda och rekommendera konkreta multiplikatorer för hantering av osäkerhet, även kopplat till samhällsekonomiska aspekter • Förslag bör tas fram på hur det går att förbättra möjligheterna att tillämpa ett landskapsperspektiv vid genomförande av ekologisk kompensation • Beräkningsmodeller som inkluderar samhällsekonomiska, sociala och ekologiska perspektiv bör utvecklas vidare, och dessa bör även beakta juridiska aspekter • Nationella riktlinjer bör utvecklas för vilka typer av mått på miljöegenskaper som företrädesvis kan tillämpas i beräkningen av omfattningen av ekologisk kompensation, samt i vilka fall som enklare specifika schablonvärden kan användas Delaktighet • Deltagandeprocesser bör utvecklas som främjar inkludering av berörda samhällsgrupper i beslutsfattande kring ekologisk kompensation Kunskap, uppföljning och utvärdering • Riktlinjer bör utvecklas för hur data från initierade och genomförda kompensationsprojekt ska sammanställas och tillgängliggöras, samt en nationell databas tas fram för att stödja detta • En nationell geografisk databas bör tas fram för dokumentation av implementerade kompensationsområden för långsiktig uppföljning
4.	Kohestani, Kimia, et al. (författare) Performance and inter-observer variability of prostate MRI (PI-RADS version 2) outside high-volume centres 2019 Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 53:5, s. 304-311 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: Despite the growing trend to embrace pre-biopsy MRI in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer (PC), its performance and inter-observer variability outside high-volume centres remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate sensitivity of and variability between readers of prostate MRI outside specialized units with radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen as the reference standard.Materials and methods: Retrospective study comprising a consecutive cohort of all 97 men who underwent MRI and subsequent RP between January 2012 and December 2014 at a private hospital in Sweden. Three readers, blinded to clinical data, reviewed all images (including 11 extra prostate MRI to reduce bias). A tumour was considered detected if the overall PI-RADS v2 score was 3-5 and there was an approximate match (same or neighbouring sector) of tumour sector according to a 24 sector system used for both MRI and whole mount sections.Results: Detection rate for the index tumour ranged from 67 to 76%, if PI-RADS 3-5 lesions were considered positive and 54-66% if only PI-RADS score 4-5 tumours were included. Detection rate for aggressive tumours (GS >= 4 + 3) was higher; 83.1% for PI-RADS 3-5 and 79.2% for PI-RADS 4-5. The agreement between readers showed average values of 0.41 for PI-RADS score 3-5 and 0.51 for PI-RADS score 4-5.Conclusions: Prostate MRI evidenced a moderate detection rate for clinically significant PC with a rather large variability between readers. Clinics outside specialized units must have knowledge of their performance of prostate MRI before considering omitting biopsies in men with negative MRI.
5.	Ahlbäck Widenfalk, Lina, et al. (författare) Ekologisk kunskap för ekologisk kompensation : Syntes av forskningsprojekten Systematisera ekologisk kunskap för att effektivisera ekologisk kompensation och När kan ekologisk kompensation bidra till att bevara biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster? 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Den här rapporten sammanfattar två projekt inom Naturvårdsverkets forskningssatsning om ekologisk kompensation: Systematisera ekologisk kunskap för att effektivisera ekologisk kompensation och När kan ekologisk kompensation bevara biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster?På en stor del av jordens yta har människan kraftigt försämrat förutsättningarna för biologisk mångfald och de ekosystemtjänster som den ger upphov till, vilket därför även påverkar samhällen negativt. Ekologisk kompensation har föreslagits som ett viktigt verktyg för att stoppa förlusten av biologisk mångfald. Det är dock ett relativt nytt sätt att arbeta med naturvård och det finns oklarheter kring hur det bör implementeras i praktiken. Noggranna utvärderingar av ekologisk kompensation har bara gjorts i enstaka fall. Därför finns stora kunskapsluckor kring dess tillämpning och effektivitet i stora delar av världen, samt för många naturtyper och typer av kompensationsåtgärder.Vi har genom intervjuer undersökt hur arbetet med ekologisk kompensation bedrivs och vilka utmaningar som finns i Sverige idag. Vi har även genomfört systematiska översikter och meta-analyser för att syntetisera den vetenskapliga kunskap som finns rörande ekologisk kompensation globalt, samt rörande naturvårdsrestaureringar i landsmiljöer i de delar av världen med ett klimat som liknar det som finns i Sverige.Intervjuerna med 17 tjänstemän och praktiker som arbetar med ekologisk kompensation visade att kompensationsåtgärder som reglerades av lagstiftning oftast var kopplade till art- och habitatskydd och mera sällan till naturreservat och Natura 2000-områden. Vanligast är att enskilda träd, skogar, våtmarker eller vattendrag och dammar kompenseras, och fåglar och groddjur var de artgrupper som nämndes oftast. De genomförda åtgärderna inkluderade främst olika typer av restaurering, men även anläggning av mindre dammar var vanligt. På grund av många praktiska hinder vid implementering av ekologisk kompensation (innefattande såväl lagverk och processer som rutiner hos myndigheterna kring hantering av kompensation) gjordes sällan ekologiska avvägningar kring vilken kompensation som var lämpligast. Osäkerhet kring vad som är ekologisk kompensation och om det är viktigast att prioritera närhetsprincipen (kompensationsåtgärd nära påverkan) eller likhetsprincipen (samma naturmiljö och arter kompenseras som påverkas) skapade otydlighet i tillämpningen. En avsaknad av helhetsperspektiv, som innebär att mer än det enskilda exploateringsprojektets effekt och fler aspekter av naturvärden inkluderas, och att bedömningar görs på landskapsnivå, identifierades också. Det finns en risk att nuvarande inriktning med fokus på enskilda arter, bedömningar som görs på liten skala och en inställning att allt är bättre än inget och att allt går att kompensera kan missgynna naturvården i stort. Sammantaget skapar det ett otydligt system där långsiktiga konsekvenser för biologisk mångfald är osäkra.I genomgången av vetenskaplig litteratur som har utvärderat ekologisk kompensation fann vi 40 studier, men endast en av dessa kunde utvärdera om det har skett någon nettoförlust av biologisk mångfald. Majoriteten av dessa kom från våtmarks- eller sötvatten-miljöer i Nordamerika. Generellt lyckades kompensationsprojekten inte kompensera ekosystemtjänster fullt ut. Det fanns dock en fördröjningseffekt, så att kompensationslokalerna blev mer lika referensen ju längre tid som förflutit sedan kompensationsåtgärden utfördes. För biologisk mångfald var mönstret inte lika tydligt som för ekosystemtjänster. Det var stor variation mellan olika studier och det fanns heller inte någon tydlig skillnad mellan olika organismgrupper, eller mellan olika naturtyper.När vi gick igenom utvärderingar av naturvårdsrestaureringar fann vi 93 studier som uppfyllde våra kriterier, som bland annat innebar en före-efter-kontroll-design (s.k. BACI design). Av dessa hade 36 utvärderat restaureringsåtgärder i skog, 35 i gräsmarker, 20 i våtmarker och 3 i sandmarker. Effekten av restaurering varierade stort mellan studier, och restaureringen ledde inte alltid till högre biologisk mångfald. Skillnaden i utfall mellan typerna av ekosystem var små, men det fanns något större skillnad i effekt av restaureringen mellan olika naturtyper (till exempel mellan lövskog kontra barrskog, eller öppen gräsmark kontra hedar). De flesta studier hade utvärderat effekter på växter, följt av leddjur (insekter och spindeldjur) och fåglar. Skillnaderna i effekt mellan olika artgrupper var också små. Endast för kärlväxter fanns så många utvärderingar av individuella arter (35 studier) att vi kunde analysera skillnader mellan olika grupper utifrån deras funktionella egenskaper, men även här var variationen för stor för att dra generella slutsatser. För alla typer av ekosystem där antalet studier var tillräckligt stort (skog, gräsmarker och våtmarker) ökade effektstorleken med ökande tid sedan restaureringsåtgärderna utförts.Utifrån de identifierade bristerna i enhetlig implementering av ekologisk kompensation i Sverige rekommenderar vi en nationell standard och etablerade rutiner för tillsynsmyndigheter, som bland annat kan öka fokus på landskapsperspektiv och bredare inkludering av naturvärden. Genom att tillgängliggöra goda och sämre exempel på kompensationsåtgärder kan kvalitén på genomförd kompensation höjas. Vi rekommenderar även att framtida ekologiska kompensationsprojekt systematiskt utvärderar både de naturvärden som förloras vid exploatering och de som uppstår via kompensationsåtgärder. Myndigheter som ställer krav på ekologisk kompensation bör därför samtidigt ställa krav på systematisk och långsiktig uppföljning av kompensationsåtgärdernas effekter på naturvärdena. Eftersom det ofta är flera olika naturvärden som påverkas av en och samma exploatering, måste myndigheterna vara medvetna om vilka av dessa som kompensationsåtgärderna syftar till att kompensera, och exploateringens effekter av dessa behöver också följas upp.
6.	Ahlbäck Widenfalk, Lina, et al. (författare) Systematisera ekologisk kunskap för att effektivisera ekologisk kompensation : Slutrapport 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Ekologisk kompensation har föreslagits som ett viktigt verktyg för att stoppa förlusten av biologisk mångfald och naturmiljöer, en förlust som till stor del beror på människans utnyttjande av en allt större andel av jordens yta. Det finns oklarheter kring hur ekologisk kompensation implementeras och hur det bör utformas för att vara effektiv. Trots att ekologisk kompensation har funnits som en del i den svenska lagstiftningen sedan 1999 så har det än så länge inte använts i större omfattning i Sverige. Noggranna utvärderingar av ekologisk kompensation har bara gjorts i enstaka fall. Därför finns stora kunskapsluckor kring dess tillämpning och verkan i stora delar av världen, samt för många biotoper och typer av kompensationsåtgärder.Det övergripande syftet med projektet har varit att ta fram vägledning för att effektivisera tillämpningen av ekologisk kompensation i Sverige. Detta gjorde vi genom att dels syntetisera tillgänglig kunskap om effektiviteten i olika restaureringsåtgärder, dels utvärdera hur ekologisk kompensation tillämpas i Sverige idag för att identifiera hinder för optimal implementering. Vi har använt intervjuer och en workshop för att undersöka hur arbetet med ekologisk kompensation utförs och vilka utmaningar som är förknippade med detta. Vi har även genomfört systematiska översikter och meta-analyser för att utvärdera den vetenskapliga litteratur som utvärderar naturvårdsrestaureringar i landsmiljöer i de delar av världen med ett klimat som liknar det som råder i Sverige.Intervjuerna med 17 personer som arbetar med ekologisk kompensation visade att kompensationsåtgärder som reglerades av lagstiftning oftast var kopplade till art- och habitatskydd och mer sällan till naturreservat och Natura 2000-områden. Vanligast kompenseras enskilda träd, skog, våtmarker eller vattendrag och dammar, och vanligast nämnda artgrupper var fåglar och groddjur. De genomförda åtgärderna inkluderade främst olika typer av restaurering, men även anläggning av mindre dammar var vanligt. På grund av många praktiska hinder vid implementering av ekologisk kompensation i det svenska systemet – innefattande både lagverk och processer och rutiner hos myndigheterna kring hantering av kompensation – gjordes sällan ekologiska avvägningar kring vilken kompensation som var lämpligast. Osäkerhet kring vad som är ekologisk kompensation gjorde ibland tillämpningen otydlig. Osäkerhet fanns även kring vad som är viktigast att prioritera, närhetsprincipen (kompensationsåtgärd nära påverkan, d.v.s. ”on site” vs. ”off site”) eller likhetsprincipen (samma naturmiljö och arter kompenseras som påverkas, d.v.s. ”in-kind” vs. ”out-of kind”). En avsaknad av ett helhetsperspektiv identifierades också, d.v.s. avsaknad av ett perspektiv där mer än det enskilda exploaterings-projektets effekt och fler aspekter av naturvärden inkluderas, och bedömningar på landskapsnivå görs. Det finns en risk att nuvarande inriktning med fokus på enskilda arter, en inställning att allt är bättre än inget, att allt går att kompensera, och bedömningar på liten skala kan missgynna naturvården i stort. Sammantaget skapar det ett otydligt system där långsiktiga konsekvenser för biologisk mångfald blir osäkra.I genomgången av utvärderingar av naturvårdsrestaureringar i den vetenskapliga litteraturen fann vi 93 studier som uppfyllde våra kriterier, som bland annat krävde en före-efter-kontroll-design (s.k. BACI design). Av dessa hade 36 utvärderat restaureringsåtgärder i skog, 35 i gräsmarker, 20 i våtmarker och tre i sandmarker. Effekten av restaurering varierade stort mellan studier men var generellt svagt positiv eller gav ingen säkerställd effekt. Utfallet var likartat mellan de fyra biotopkategorierna. Det fanns något större skillnad i generell effekt mellan smalare biotopkategorier, där även negativa effekter uppvisades i vissa fall medan några biotoper hade en tydligare positiv effekt av restaurering. Flest utvärderingar var gjorda på växter, följt av leddjur (insekter och spindeldjur) och fåglar, med liknande resultat för de olika artgrupperna. Endast för kärlväxter fanns tillräckligt med utvärderingar av enskilda arter (35 studier) så att vi kunde analysera skillnader mellan olika grupper utifrån deras funktionella egenskaper, men även här var variationen för stor för att dra generella slutsatser. Det är därför svårt att dra slutsatser kring vilka restaureringsåtgärder som lämpar sig bättre som kompensationsåtgärder än andra för majoriteten av biotoper, åtgärdskategorier och artgrupper vi undersökt. Fortsatt uppbyggnad av väl designade uppföljningsstudier borde därför prioriteras.De identifierade bristerna i enhetlig implementering av ekologisk kompensation i Sverige, tillsammans med bristen på välgrundad kunskap om effekten av olika restaureringsåtgärder, gör att vi föreslår att:En nationell standard tas fram, rutiner utarbetas för tillsynsmyndigheter, och ekologisk kompensation integreras bättre i hela beslutsprocessen. • Ett bredare helhetstänkande kring bevarandet av biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster möjliggörs, genom att öka fokus på landskapsperspektiv och ta hänsyn till fördröjningseffekter för både konsekvenser av exploatering och nyttan av kompensationsåtgärder.Goda exempel på kompensationsåtgärder sammanställs och tillgängliggörs för att höja kvalitén på genomförd kompensation.Framtida kompensationsprojekt gör en systematisk uppföljning av naturvärden som förloras vid exploatering och av de som skapas via kompensationsåtgärder. Myndigheter som ställer krav på ekologisk kompensation bör samtidigt ställa krav på systematisk och långsiktig uppföljning av kompensationsåtgärdernas effekter på naturvärdena.En geografisk databas för dokumentation av alla kompensationsområden utvecklas och i den kopplas dessa till motsvarande områden som exploaterats. För att följa upp de naturvärden som förloras och de som avsätts, förstärks och restaureras för att kompensera för dessa. En sådan databas möjliggör att långsiktigt kunna följa i vilken mån kompensationsområden utgör en motvikt till de värden som förloras.
7.	Alm, David, et al. (författare) On an Apparent Asymmetry in Attitude Desert 2007 Ingår i: Hommage à Wlodek: Philosophical Papers Dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz. Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract It is possible for persons to deserve evaluative attitudes such as admiration and disdain. There is an apparent asymmetry between positive and negative attitudes, however. While the latter appear to be subject to what I will call a "control requirement," the former do not appear to be so subject. I attempt to explain away this asymmetry by appeal to pragmatic factors
8.	Alveteg, Mattias, et al. (författare) Taking pedagogic responsibility for the difference between plagiarism and cheating 2009 Ingår i: NU2008 Proceedings : Lärande i en ny tid - samtal om undervisning i högre utbildning.. - 9789197797412 ; , s. 261-264 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The Swedish Higher Education Ordinance states1 in Chapter 8, section 1 (Svensk Förfat- tningssamling [SFS] 1993:100) that disciplinary action can be taken against a student who “at- tempt to deceive during examinations or when academic work is otherwise assessed”. Suspicion of such behaviour is to be reported to the disciplinary board, which in turn has to establish the students intent. The main focus of the teacher, however, is to uphold the quality of the educa- tion and thus the teacher typically cares less about intent and more about scientific quality and progression. Contrary to popular belief the Swedish Higher Education Ordinance does not force teachers to report every suspicion of plagiarism to the disciplinary board. The ordinance forces teachers to report well-grounded suspicions of cheating (SFS 1993:100, Chapter 8, section 9). Once the pedagogical challenges of teaching academic conduct are recognised, suspicions of plagiarism may well take another turn: The differentiation between obvious deficiencies in the ability to formulate oneself independently and suspected attempts to cheat require pedagogic insights and actions.
9.	Apler, Anna, 1980- (författare) Contaminated organic sediments of anthropogenic origin: impact on coastal environments 2021 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The Baltic Sea is negatively affected by legacy pollutants such as metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are known to have adverse effects on living organisms, including, humans and were banned decades ago. This thesis addresses the dispersal of these pollutants from heavily contaminated, cellulose-rich sediments of industrial origin in the Ångermanälven river estuary in northern Sweden. Relatively thick deposits, known as fiberbanks, in the studied area derive from historical wastewater emissions from the pulp and paper industry (P&PI) that began in the 19th century. These fiberbanks formed on shallow seabeds, where they currently remain. In addition, extensive areas of the deeper seabed are covered by fiber-rich sediments. The fiberbanks contain higher levels of pollutants than the fiber-rich sediments and the sediments less affected by P&PI emissions, and the fiberbank concentrations may be of ecotoxicological concern. Metals and POPs were found to be strongly partitioned to organic material and partitioning coefficients were higher in fiberbanks that contain elevated levels of organic matter. Metals and POPs were detectable in sampled pore water, even if low sediment-water fluxes of metals were expected. Metal contaminant concentrations in sampled bottom water were measured before and after resuspension of underlying sediments, which showed that concentrations of particle bound metals dominated over dissolved forms. One out of three studied fiberbank sites was covered with a natural capping layer that probably shields the water column from metals in the deposit underneath. Studies of geological archives in the form of sediment cores show the rise and fall of an anthropogenic industrial era and the recovery of an aquatic system, but the established chemostratigraphy fails to reveal the current hotspots (fiberbanks) that will stay for decades to come. The potential impacts of climate change and isostatic land uplift are factors that complicate the long-term risk assessment of fiberbanks. These knowledge gaps combined with the lack of a common risk assessment strategy for contaminated sediments hinder the achievement of national quality objectives (NQOs) and fulfillment of Agenda 2030 goals. Fiberbanks resulted from an accelerating global demand for paper products and hence, the issue of these artificial seabed forms is an example of how the geological epoch of humankind, the Anthropocene, can be viewed in a cross-scalar perspective and be important in the management of a sustainable future in the Baltic Sea region.
10.	Arlt, Debora, et al. (författare) Indikatorer för småbiotoper i odlingslandskapet 2019 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
11.	Arlt, Debora, et al. (författare) Indikatorer för småbiotoper i odlingslandskapet 2019 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Rapporten presenterar förslag till indikatorer för miljökvalitetsmålet Ett rikt odlingslandskap. Indikatorerna ska åskådliggöra tillstånd och förändringar för småbiotoper vid åkermark, baserat på dataunderlag från nationell och regional miljöövervakning. Två huvudsakliga indikatorer presenteras, med olika möjligheter till fördjupning beroende på syfte.Den första indikatorn avser mängd av småbiotoper, totalt eller uppdelat på olika småbiotopstyper. Denna indikator fokuserar på fyra typer av linjära landskapselement: stenmurar, breda diken, markvägar samt vegetationsremsor och mindre diken mellan åkerfält. Skälen är dels att det är tydligt och beräkningsmässigt fördelaktigt att indikatorn kan presenteras som ett längdbaserat mått, dels att det är fyra relativt vanligt förekommande typer som tillsammans fångar in en bredd och variation av landskapselement, med stor relevans för både kultur- och naturvärden i landskapet. Det finns också möjlighet att få information om träd- och busktäckning på landskapselementen.Den andra indikatorn beskriver mångfald av småbiotoper och inkluderar en mycket bredare grupp av landskapselement och strukturer vid åkerkanter. Förutom en något mer detaljerad indelning av linjära landskapselement, så ingår även åkerholmar, småvatten, skyddsvärda träd och bärande träd och buskar. Denna indikator kan presenteras som både rikedom (antal typer) och diversitet (Shannons diversitetsindex, som väger samman antalet typer och hur jämn mängdfördelningen är mellan typer) av småbiotoper inom ett landskapsavsnitt (rutor). Eftersom detta mått är skalberoende, så bör storleken på rutorna anpassas så att skillnader mellan områden och förändringar i tiden framgår som bäst. Förslagsvis presenteras rikedom för 1 x 1 km stora rutor och diversitet för 3 x 3 km stora rutor.Den första, mängdbaserade indikatorn är anpassad för att presenteras rikstäckande, där data från linjekorsningsinventeringen i det nationella miljöövervakningsprogrammet NILS används. Mer utförliga data finns i det regionala delprogrammet för småbiotoper i åkerlandskapet inom Remiil, men endast för 11 län. Remiils data används dels för en fördjupad version av den första indikatorn i Syd- och Mellansverige, dels för mångfaldsindikatorn, som alltså bara kan tas fram för dessa 11 län. I dessa 11 län går det också att göra fördjupningar av resultaten genom att till exempel dela in småbiotoperna i ekologiskt funktionella grupper, biotopskyddade småbiotoper, småbiotoper med högt kulturmiljövärde och skötselberoende småbiotoper. För beräkningen av mångfaldsindex standardiseras data till medelvärde delat med standardavvikelse, vilket gör det möjligt att jämföra och summera småbiotoper med olika geografisk utsträckning (polygoner/area, linjeobjekt/längd och punkter/antal). I rapporten presenteras huvuddragen för de databearbetningar och beräkningar som behövs, liksom de arbetsmoment som behövs för inledande förberedelser och för löpande rapportering. Slutligen presenteras en enkät där experter anger relevansen av denna typ av mått för olika organismgrupper i jordbrukslandskapet.
12.	Bergquist, Jonas, et al. (författare) Measurements of catecholamine-mediated apoptosis of immunocompetent cells by capillary electrophoresis. 1997 Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 18:10, s. 1760-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Single cell analysis with capillary electrophoresis, a technique capable of detecting zeptomole quantities (10(-21) mole) of neurochemical species, has been used to demonstrate that lymphocytes are capable of active synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine. Exposure of lymphocytes to catecholamines at concentrations as low as 10 nM leads to decreased proliferation and differentiation, e.g. interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and immunoglobulin (Ig). In addition, both inhibition of dopamine uptake with nomifensine and inhibition of packing of catecholamines into vesicles with tetrabenazine, results in significantly lower levels of dopamine and norepinephrine (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The catecholamine-dependent inhibition of T- and B-lymphocyte activity is mediated via an induction of a Bcl-2/Bax and Fas/FasL involved apoptosis. These findings indicate a novel mechanism for regulation of lymphocyte activity in the central nervous system, whereby elevated regional levels of catecholamines might lead to the immunoprivilege of the brain.
13.	Blicharska, Malgorzata, 1979-, et al. (författare) Operationalisation of ecological compensation : Obstacles and ways forward 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 304 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ecological compensation (EC) has been proposed as an important tool for stopping the loss of biodiversity and natural values. However, there are few studies on its actual operationalisation and there is high uncertainty about how it should be designed and implemented to be an effective way of performing nature conservation. In this study we focus on ecological compensation in Sweden, a country where it is in the process of being implemented more broadly. Using interviews and a workshop we investigate how the work with the implementation is carried out and what challenges exist. The results show that implementation of EC is at an early stage of development and there are many practical obstacles, linked to both legislation and routines in the planning processes. There is a lack of holistic perspective and large-scale thinking, a quite strong focus on a small number of individual species, and an overall attitude that anything is better than nothing, all of which can have negative consequences for biodiversity conservation overall. Based on the results we discuss the need for better integration of EC into the entire decision-making process and for a holistic approach to preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, by increasing the focus on landscape perspective and considering delays in compensation outcomes. There is also a need for a national level standard for EC, making good and worse examples of compensation measures available and systematic monitoring of EC projects. Finally, a spatially explicit database to document all EC areas should be introduced both to ensure consistency in protection from future development plans and to enable long-term monitoring of EC outcomes.
14.	Bratt, Ola, et al. (författare) The Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS) : A randomized study comparing two different follow-up schedules for active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer 2013 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:5, s. 347-355 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Objective. Only a minority of patients with low-risk prostate cancer needs treatment, but the methods for optimal selection of patients for treatment are not established. This article describes the Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS), which aims to improve those methods. Material and methods. SAMS is a prospective, multicentre study of active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. It consists of a randomized part comparing standard rebiopsy and follow-up with an extensive initial rebiopsy coupled with less intensive follow-up and no further scheduled biopsies (SAMS-FU), as well as an observational part (SAMS-ObsQoL). Quality of life is assessed with questionnaires and compared with patients receiving primary curative treatment. SAMS-FU is planned to randomize 500 patients and SAMS-ObsQoL to include at least 500 patients during 5 years. The primary endpoint is conversion to active treatment. The secondary endpoints include symptoms, distant metastases and mortality. All patients will be followed for 10-15 years. Results. Inclusion started in October 2011. In March 2013, 148 patients were included at 13 Swedish urological centres. Conclusions. It is hoped that the results of SAMS will contribute to fewer patients with indolent, low-risk prostate cancer receiving unnecessary treatment and more patients on active surveillance who need treatment receiving it when the disease is still curable. The less intensive investigational follow-up in the SAMS-FU trial would reduce the healthcare resources allocated to this large group of patients if it replaced the present standard schedule.
15.	Eggers, Sönke, et al. (författare) The multifunctional roles of vegetated strips around and within agricultural fields 2018 Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 7 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Agriculture can have substantial negative impacts on the environment. The establishment and management of vegetated strips adjacent to farmed fields (including various field margins, buffer strips and hedgerows) are commonly advocated mitigation measures for these negative environmental impacts. However, it may be difficult to obtain reliable evidence on the effects of implementation and management of vegetated strips, even though a substantial body of evidence exists. We describe a systematic map of research relating to vegetated strips in boreo-temperate farming systems to answer the question: What evidence exists regarding the effects of field margins on nutrients, pollutants, socioeconomics, biodiversity, and soil retention in boreo-temperate systems?Methods: We searched 13 bibliographic databases, 1 search engine and 37 websites of stakeholder organisations using a predefined and tested search string focusing on a comprehensive list of English language vegetated strip synonyms. Searches in Danish, Finnish, Spanish, and Swedish were also conducted using web searches. We screened search results at title, abstract and full text levels, recording the number of studies deemed non-relevant (with reasons at full text). A systematic map database of meta-data (i.e. descriptive summary information about the settings and methods) for relevant studies was produced following full text assessment. The systematic map database is provided as an evidence atlas: interactive, web-based geographical information system.Results: Over 31,000 search results were identified, resulting in a total of 1072 relevant primary research studies and 130 evidence reviews. Articles used a variety of terminology to describe vegetated strips, with 'field margin', 'hedge-row', 'shelterbelt' and 'riparian buffer' most common. The volume of primary research is increasing linearly year-by-year, whilst the increase in reviews has tailed off in the last 10 years. The USA and UK were most frequently studied and reviewed. Arable systems were investigated in c. 70% of primary research but 50% of reviews. Some 50% of primary research vegetated strips were field edge and 25% riparian, whilst riparian and field edge strips were roughly equally the focus of around a half of all described strips in reviews. Terrestrial biodiversity, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and soil/water loss or retention were the most commonly measured outcomes in primary studies and reviews, although some other outcomes were more common in reviews than research articles (e.g. pesticides).Conclusions: We identified substantial bodies of evidence on particular sets of related outcomes and ecosystem services, which constitute important knowledge clusters/synthesis gaps relating to: strip width, terrestrial biodiversity, nutrient retention, hydrological regimes, toxic substances, erosion protection, pests, carbon sequestration, and soil and biodiversity combined. We also identified key knowledge gaps relating to: climate regulation, freshwater biodiversity, strip harvesting, cultural ecosystem services, long-term impacts, the relationship between pest populations and crop yield, fuel and fibre production, specific regions and countries (e.g. Russia and South America), and multi-use vegetated strips. This systematic map is an important step in identifying what research has been done to date, and what primary and secondary research is needed as the next step for this topic.
16.	Eggers, Sönke, et al. (författare) The multifunctional roles of vegetated strips around and within agricultural fields. A systematic map protocol 2016 Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Agriculture and agricultural intensification can have significant negative impacts on the environment, including nutrient and pesticide leaching, spreading of pathogens, soil erosion and reduction of ecosystem services provided by terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. The establishment and management of vegetated strips adjacent to farmed fields (including various field margins, buffer strips and hedgerows) are key mitigation measures for these negative environmental impacts and environmental managers and other stakeholders must often make decisions about how best to design and implement vegetated strips for a variety of different outcomes. However, it may be difficult to obtain relevant, accurate and summarised information on the effects of implementation and management of vegetated strips, even though a vast body of evidence exists on multipurpose vegetated strip interventions within and around fields. To improve the situation, we describe a method for assembling a database of relevant research relating to vegetated strips undertaken in boreo-temperate farming systems (arable, pasture, horticulture, orchards and viticulture), according to the primary question: What evidence exists regarding the effects of field margins on nutrients, pollutants, socioeconomics, biodiversity, and soil retention?Methods: We will search 13 bibliographic databases, one search engine and 37 websites for stakeholder organisations using a predefined and tested search string that focuses on a comprehensive list of vegetated strip synonyms. Non-English language searches in Danish, Finnish, German, Spanish, and Swedish will also be undertaken using a web-based search engine. We will screen search results at title, abstract and full text levels, recording the number of studies deemed non-relevant (with reasons at full text). A systematic map database that displays the meta-data (i.e. descriptive summary information about settings and methods) of relevant studies will be produced following full text assessment. The systematic map database will be displayed as a web-based geographical information system (GIS). The nature and extent of the evidence base will be discussed.
17.	Ekström, Ingrid, 1988-, et al. (författare) Subjective olfactory loss corresponds to long-term odor identification decline in older adults Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
18.	Ekström, Ingrid, 1988-, et al. (författare) Subjective Olfactory Loss in Older Adults Concurs with Long-Term Odor Identification Decline 2019 Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 44:2, s. 105-112 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Olfactory impairments may provide early indications of future health outcomes in older adults. Thus, an important question concerns whether these impairments can be self-assessed. Previous findings of cross-sectional studies indicate low correlations between self-reported olfactory function and objective olfactory performance. On the other hand, subjective olfactory impairments predict future dementia and mortality in longitudinal settings. No previous study has assessed the relationship between subjectively and objectively measured decline in olfaction over time. Based on data for 903 older adults derived from the Betula Study, a Swedish population-based prospective study, we tested whether rate-of-change in odor identification could be predicted from subjective olfactory decline over a time span of 10 years during which subjective and objective odor functions were assessed on 2 or 3 test occasions. Indeed, we found that participants who experienced subjective olfactory decline over the study period also had significantly steeper rates of decline in odor identification, even after adjusting for demographic, cognitive, and genetic factors that previously have been associated with performance in odor identification. This association was, however, not present in a subsample with baseline cognitive impairment. We interpret these results as evidence that when asked about whether they have an olfactory impairment or not, older persons are assessing intraindividual olfactory changes, rather than interindividual differences. Our results indicate that subjective olfactory loss reflects objective olfactory decline in cognitively intact older adults. This association might be harnessed to predict health outcomes and highlights the need to develop effective olfactory self-assessments.
19.	Elmwall, Jonas, et al. (författare) Galectin-3 Is a Target for Proteases Involved in the Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus 2017 Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0019-9567 .- 1098-5522. ; 85:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infection. The bacterium expresses four major proteases that are emerging as virulence factors: aureolysin (Aur), V8 protease (SspA), staphopain A (ScpA), and staphopain B (SspB). We hypothesized that human galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and antimicrobial defense, is a target for these proteases and that proteolysis of galectin-3 is a novel immune evasion mechanism. Indeed, supernatants from laboratory strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus caused galectin-3 degradation. Similar proteolytic capacities were found in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates but not in Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Galectin-3-induced activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase was abrogated by bacterium-derived proteolysis of galectin-3, and SspB was identified as the major protease responsible. The impact of galectin-3 and protease expression on S. aureus virulence was studied in a murine skin infection model. In galectin-3 (+)/(+) mice, SspB-expressing S. aureus caused larger lesions and resulted in higher bacterial loads than protease-lacking bacteria. No such difference in bacterial load or lesion size was detected in galectin-3 (+)/(+) mice, which overall showed smaller lesion sizes than the galectin-3 (+)/(+) animals. In conclusion, the staphylococcal protease SspB inactivates galectin-3, abrogating its stimulation of oxygen radical production in human neutrophils and increasing tissue damage during skin infection.
20.	Exploring Practical Philosophy - From Action to Values 2001 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Selection of articles by leading international philosophers: Roger Crisp, Fred Feldman, Göran Hermerén, Derek Parfit, Wlodek Rabinowicz, Michael Smith, Paul Snowdon, Galen Strawson, Larry S. Temkin, Torbjörn Tännsjö, and Michael J. Zimmerman. Published in honour of Ingmar Persson on his fiftieth birthday.
21.	Exploring Practical Philosophy: From Action to Values 2018 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract This title was first published in 28/11/2001: The broad label 'practical philosophy' brings together such topics as ethics and metaethics as well as philosophy of law, society, art and religion. In practical philosophy, theory of value and action is basic, and woven into our understanding of all practical and ethical reasoning. New essays from leading international philosophers illustrate that substantial results in the subdisciplines of practical philosophy require insights into its core issues: the nature of actions, persons, values and reasons. This anthology is published in honour of Ingmar Persson on his fiftieth birthday.
22.	Hiensch, Martin, et al. (författare) Two-material rail development : field test results regarding rolling contact fatigue and squeal behaviour 2005 Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 258:7-8, s. 964-972 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Results from the European 5th Framework project “InfraStar” are presented. The InfraStar project is developing a two-material rail to increase the productivity and reliability of rail infrastructure. The two-material rail aims to be rolling contact fatigue (RCF) resistant and to reduce squeal noise.The InfraStar consortium has built a high level of wheel–rail expertise and understanding regarding RCF initiation and development, level and position of wheel–rail contact forces, and new interface materials and has gained experience in both laboratory and field test operating conditions. Within the project a validated theoretical train–track interaction model and a fatigue design model for two-material rails have been developed.This paper focuses on the field test results of the two-material rail, and how the predictions and expectations from the selection process match with the results observed in track. Results are very promising. The two-material rail prototypes, now over 1 year in track, show no RCF damage where the non-treated rail shows clear RCF damage. The development of the application process and other objectives of the InfraStar project are discussed.
23.	Hiron, Matthew, et al. (författare) Bird diversity relates to agri-environment schemes at local and landscape level in intensive farmland 2013 Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 176, s. 9-16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
24.	Hiron, Matthew, et al. (författare) The relationship of bird diversity to crop and non-crop heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes 2015 Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 30, s. 2001-2013 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Habitat heterogeneity is often assumed to benefit farmland biodiversity. Increasing heterogeneity of non-crop habitats is often too costly in terms of agricultural production. It has been suggested that increased crop heterogeneity could mitigate the negative effects of intensification on biodiversity while still maintaining high production levels.We investigated if habitat-specific species pools of two groups of farmland birds, field-nesting and non-crop-nesting species, were related to landscape-level heterogeneity of crop and non-crop cover. We analysed total number of species (gamma diversity) and average local species richness (alpha diversity) in landscapes and related these two biodiversity measures to four components of landscape heterogeneity (compositional and configurational heterogeneity of crop and non-crop cover).We selected 30 farmland landscapes (each 25 km(2)) in Sweden that largely broke up correlated relationships between crop and non-crop heterogeneity and between compositional and configurational heterogeneity. Estimates of species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) were calculated with bird survey data from specific habitats within landscapes (farmsteads and arable fields) and then related to measures of landscape heterogeneity.No measure of landscape species richness was associated with landscape-scale crop cover heterogeneities. However, gamma diversity of both bird groups was negatively related to the compositional and configurational heterogeneity of non-crop land-use in the landscapes, respectively.Our results suggest that: (i) crop heterogeneities are not related to habitat-specific richness of farmland birds, (ii) heterogeneity effects of habitat complementarity in general are weak and (iii) relationships between diversity and heterogeneity in landscapes are dependent on the biodiversity measure used.
25.	Hommage à Wlodek; 60 Philosophical Papers Dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz - published as web resource only 2007 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Jonsson, Linus, 1986, et al. (författare) Self-Determination Theory in Pratice 2013 Ingår i: Book of Abstract. ENYSSP 9th Annual International Workshop. ; 9 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
27.	Josefsson, E, et al. (författare) Catecholamines are synthesized by mouse lymphocytes and regulate function of these cells by induction of apoptosis. 1996 Ingår i: Immunology. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 88:1, s. 140-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The immune and the nervous systems are anatomically closely related and interact with each other by molecules common to both systems, such as cytokines and neurotransmitters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of catecholamines in the neuroimmunological network. The ability of immune cells to produce catecholamines was examined by a highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis assay, which permits detection of easily oxidized catecholamines in the zeptomole (10(-21)) range. In addition, the effects of catecholamines on in vitro proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of lymphocytes were assessed. Mouse spleen cells and macrophages contained on average 7 x 10(-17) and 2 x 10(-17) mole dopamine per cell, respectively. In the former cell population also norepinephrine was found. Several mouse B- and T-cell hybridomas were also shown to contain endogenously produced dopamine in levels ranging from 7 x 10(-20) to 2 x 10(-18) mole dopamine per cell. In addition, one of the T-cell hybridomas proved to synthesize norepinephrine. The dopamine production of lymphocytes was blocked by the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, whereas incubation with the precursor L-DOPA increased the dopamine content. Incubation with L-DOPA, dopamine and norepinephrine dose-dependently suppressed mitogen induced proliferation and differentiation of mouse lymphocytes. Even short-time pretreatment of lymphocytes with L-DOPA and dopamine strongly suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Incubation of lymphoid cells with L-DOPA, dopamine and norepinephrine dose-dependently induced apoptosis which, at least partly, explains the suppressive effects of catecholamines on lymphocyte function. Our results demonstrate that catecholamines: (i) are actively produced by lymphocytes and (ii) have the capacity to act as auto- and/or paracrine regulators of lymphocyte activity through induction of apoptosis.
28.	Josefsson, Jonas (författare) Biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes : linking farmers and agri-environmental measures to farmland birds 2015 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Agricultural industrialization alters rural landscapes in Europe, causing large-scale and rapid loss of important biodiversity. The principal instruments to protect farmland biodiversity are various agri-environmental measures (AEMs) in the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, growing awareness of shortcomings to CAP biodiversity integration prompts examination of causes and potential solutions. This thesis assesses the importance of structural heterogeneity of crop and non-crop habitats and evaluates some related aspects of the CAP for 2015-2020. This includes studies of crop diversification, organic farming and buffer strips, and their potential for supporting deteriorating farmland bird diversity in a forest-farmland gradient. It also evaluates the role of collaborative conservation, with particular attention to the Swedish Volunteer & Farmer Alliance (SVFA), as a tool for influencing farmers’ engagement in AEMs as well as unsubsidized conservation. Structural crop diversity, rather than the number of crop types in itself, positively affected farmland birds, especially in arable-dominated landscapes. Still, as almost all farms already met the CAP requirements for crop diversification, this policy may miss an important opportunity to deliver biodiversity benefits by setting limits too low and by neglecting structural crop diversity. The establishment of buffer strips along ditches boosted Skylarks and invertebrate numbers in adjacent cereal fields, while organic farming had only small and mixed effects on farmland birds, with both positive and negative effects on field nesters in the most arable-dominated landscapes and more forest- dominated landscapes, respectively. In general, landscape composition had a major effect on species richness, with different habitat preferences among field-nesting and non-crop-nesting birds. Social factors were more important for farmers’ engagement in AEMs than for unsubsidized conservation, suggesting that production-impeding AEMs may have poor chances of acceptance in regions with prevailing productivist norms. We also found that SVFA promoted both AEMs and unsubsidized conservation, and that measures positively affected farmland bird diversity in the most arable- dominated landscapes. However, low implementation rates of measures across SVFA limited the large- scale impact, highlighting the importance of following up stakeholders’ involvement. This thesis suggests that farmland biodiversity conservation partly relies on policies that increase the structural heterogeneity of arable landscapes (e.g., through crop diversification and establishment of buffer strips). This is especially important in regions where arable farming is predominant and farmland heterogeneity is low. We conclude the future of AEMs for biodiversity protection partly lies in better integration into cultures of farming communities, possibly through volunteer-based approaches as an alternative to centralized solutions.
29.	Josefsson, Jonas (författare) Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes : causes, constraints and opportunities 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In the past century, European agriculture has undergone profound changes. Through technical advances and structural changes, productivity is snowballing while farmland ecosystems are increasingly affected. These changes are taking place not only at the field scale through increased inputs and outputs, but also at the landscape scale through landscape simplification, with ecological effects being attributable to changes at both scales. While the decline of many farmland organisms in response to agricultural intensification is the most apparent effect, many of the biological functions provided by the systems biodiversity (so called ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling etc.) are also threatened, which could have great economical implications. To counter negative effects of agricultural intensification, EU Member States are using agri-environmental schemes (AESs) to incite farmers to use environmentally friendly practices. However, the effects of these schemes have been questioned both on the uncertain effects on biodiversity and on farmers’ reluctance to participate. Many studies have tried to relate AES participation to characteristics of schemes, or demographics of farms and farmers including attitudes. Farmers seem to prefer schemes with flexible contract terms that only infer small changes in farm management. However, linking AES participation to farm characteristics is problematic, and studies often reach opposing results. Regarding ecological effects, lack of clearly stated objectives and the low scientific quality of the CMEF evaluations cloud the assessment of measures. Further, the effects of AESs have been found to vary with landscape composition (cleared/complex) and between taxa. With a deeper understanding of how AES effects interact with the landscape and how farmers relate to conservation initiatives, there are opportunities to improve scheme design. Collection of baseline data, evidence?based measures and result-??based payments are examples of ways to advance AESs. To increase farmer engagement in AESs, participatory approaches play an important part in bridging the attitudinal gap between conservationists, legislation and farmers
30.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Compensating for lost nature values through biodiversity offsetting-Where is the evidence? 2021 Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 257 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Biodiversity offsetting is becoming a principal instrument for managing biodiversity and ecosystem services in society. Still, it is unclear whether biodiversity offsetting can fully mitigate losses to natural values. When reviewing published studies on offsetting, we found only 40 evaluations with primary outcome data on biodiversity or ecosystem services. Among these, we found no evidence that biodiversity gains from offsets actually compensate for development-associated losses, because losses were never estimated. The failure to quantify losses is troubling from a conservation perspective, as applying offsets that do not match up losses and gains will result in continued net loss of biodiversity. Instead, most studies (76%) included only reference habitats as comparator and evaluated singular taxa of biodiversity (66%), and rarely ecosystem services (ES). The overall meta-analysed effect size from reference habitat comparisons suggests that offsets perform poorly when contrasted to these habitats. There was a strong bias towards North American freshwater biomes, with only six published evaluations from terrestrial habitats. The bias and small number of studies precluded any detailed meta-analytical enquiries, such as identification of main drivers of outcomes. For biodiversity offsetting to be an important instrument for halting biodiversity losses, all actions must build on solid scientific evidence, and our review show that this evidence base is yet not in place. We conclude that there is a strong need for rigorous evaluation of offsetting projects, and to this end governments could request long-term monitoring programmes as an integral part of offsetting actions and make data openly available for assessment.
31.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Effects of a coordinated farmland bird conservation project on farmers' intentions to implement nature conservation practices e Evidence from the Swedish Volunteer & Farmer Alliance 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 187, s. 8-15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To increase the efficacy of agri-environmental schemes (AES), as well as farmers' environmental engagement, practitioners are increasingly turning to collective forms of agri-environmental manage- ment. As yet, empirical evidence from such approaches is relatively scarce. Here, we examined a farm- land bird conservation project coordinated by BirdLife Sweden, the Swedish Volunteer & Farmer Alliance (SVFA). The key features of the SVFA were farmland bird inventories from volunteering birdwatchers and on-farm visits to individual farmers from conservation advisors for guidance on AES as well as unsub- sidised practices. Using an ex-post application of the theory of planned behaviour across project par- ticipants and a randomly sampled control group of farmers we assessed how SVFA affected behavioural intentions relating to AES and unsubsidised conservation, and how the behaviour was affected by atti- tudes, perceived social norms and perceived behavioural control. We also included a measure of self- identity as a conservationist to assess its importance for behavioural intentions, and if SVFA stimu- lated this self-identity. SVFA farmers reported greater commitment to implementing AES and unsubsi- dised conservation, as compared to the control group. However, greater commitment was associated with more positive attitudes for unsubsidised conservation only and not for AES, underlining the inability of existing AES to prompt intrinsic motivation. There were also differences between farmers within SVFA, where farmers applying to the project were motivated by social influences, while farmers recruited by project managers were motivated by their personal beliefs regarding nature conservation. Finally, farmers' self-perceived ability to perform practices (i.e. perceived behavioural control) was important for their commitment to implementing AES as well as unsubsidised practices. Therefore, increasing farmers' awareness regarding the availability and, not least, practicability of available con- servation options may be the key to successful biodiversity conservation in agricultural systems.
32.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Grass buffer strips benefit invertebrate and breeding skylark numbers in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape 2013 Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 181, s. 101-107 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The loss of non-crop habitat is often suggested to be a key driver of biodiversity decline on arable land. Grass buffer strips on cereal field edges, to reduce erosion and agro-chemical runoff into surface water, could be useful to mitigate this diversity loss as they are often assumed to provide refuge and food for invertebrates, small mammals and birds. Evidence for this idea is, however, scarce and it remains unclear whether densely vegetated buffer strips benefit biodiversity in structurally complex landscapes of North- ern Europe. Here, we examined whether buffer strips affected breeding skylark Alauda avensis numbers and its main food supply (i.e. beetles Coleoptera and spiders Arachnida) on cereal fields in a heteroge- neous agricultural landscape of south-central Sweden. We also examined whether buffer strip effects on skylark density depended on seasonal sward height differences between sowing regimes (spring- vs. autumn-sown) as they presumably influence seasonal invertebrate accessibility. Fields with buffer strips supported on average 0.51 ± 0.26 more skylark territories per hectare up to 100 m into the field and boosted invertebrate activity densities compared to fields without buffer strips. These effects were most apparent early in spring, but persisted throughout the sampling period, and were similar among spring and autumn sown fields. Thus, our results provide evidence to suggest that buffer strips target multiple environmental objectives on cereal fields in heterogeneous farmland. Future research should work to identify buffer strip management practices that further increase their value to biodiversity at the local scale, and investigate how they affect farmland biodiversity in different landscape types at larger spatial scales for more efficient implementation across Europe.
33.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Landscape context and farm uptake limit effects of bird conservation in the Swedish Volunteer & Farmer Alliance 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 55, s. 2719-2730 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract 1. In Europe, agri-environmental schemes (AES) have been unsuccessful in halting biodiversity declines to any great extent. Two shortcomings of AES include the low farm uptake and the modest efficacy of many AES options. Partly in response to these shortcomings, initiatives encouraging farmers to take an active role in biodiversity conservation have gained in popularity. However, almost no evaluations of such initiatives exist.2. We evaluated uptake of conservation advice on farms in the Swedish Volunteer & Farmer Alliance, a BirdLife Sweden-coordinated project aimed at farmland bird conservation, and the response of farmland birds to those actions using farm-level survey data, in a before-after implementation assessment.3. Uptake was higher for unsubsidised (i.e. non-AES) measures than for AES options, and depended mainly on farmers' interest in nature, with farm size and production type having less importance.4. In general, abundances of non-crop nesting and field-nesting bird species declined between inventory years (median interval 3 years). Decreases were more marked in agriculturally marginal regions than in more arable-dominated regions, and declines were stronger on organic than on conventional farms.5. Negative abundance trends among non-crop nesting species were reduced by an increasing number of conservation measures at the farm, but only in the more arable-dominated landscapes. Changes in field-nesting species, or at species level, did not significantly relate to implemented measures, but the power to detect such effects was generally small due to the small sample size of high-uptake farms as well as high inter-farm variability.6. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that volunteer farmer alliances and the addition of unsubsidised measures may be successful in changing the local number of non-crop nesting farmland birds, at the farm level, particularly in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Thus, unsubsidised measures can be a useful addition to the set of agri-environment tools, although their effects on breeding bird numbers are (as with agri-environmental schemes) dependent on landscape context, as well as on ensuring high on-farm uptake of different interventions.
34.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Sensitivity of the farmland bird community to crop diversification in Sweden: does the CAP fit? 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 54, s. 518-526 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract 1. Crop diversification has been introduced as an environmental strategy in the ‘Greening’ of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for 2015–2020. The primary target of crop diver- sification is soil and ecosystem resilience, but claims for potential benefits for farmland biodi- versity are also common. However, understanding of relationships between the number (compositional heterogeneity) and spatial arrangement (configurational heterogeneity) of crop fields and biodiversity is generally poor, making such claims relatively unfounded. 2. In this study, we monitored crop and farmland bird diversity on 178 farms across Swe- den’s main agricultural areas. From a pre-implementation assessment, we show that >97% of the assessed farms would not be required to change their management under the CAP crop diversification measure (minimum of three crops for farms with 30+ ha), suggesting that this measure has generated little change on Swedish farms. 3. While accounting for non-crop elements and farming system (conventional or organic), we show that crop structural diversity (i.e. the management and vegetation structure of crops) rather than crop diversity senso lato positively affected richness of non-crop breeding bird species with stronger effects in arable, compared with forest-dominated landscapes. No such effects were observed among field-nesting farmland bird species. 4. Organic farming had little influence on farmland birds with positive effects only in the most arable-dominated landscapes and for field-nesting species only. In forest-dominated landscapes, organic farms even held lower field-nester densities compared with conventional farms, possibly due to the dominance of grasslands on organic farms that in these landscapes support lower densities of field-nesting species compared with cereals. 5. Policy implications. Our study illustrates the importance of a consideration of structural instead of species diversity of crops for biodiversity, in this case farmland birds. We also underline the absence of such a distinction in current EU Common Agricultural Policy Greening, while simultaneously setting levels on crop diversification too low resulting in little to no change in landscape-scale crop diversity on Swedish farmland. We recommend that future efforts to manage farmland biodiversity should include ways of increasing the structural diversity of crops at the scale of farms and landscapes.
35.	Josefsson, Jonas, et al. (författare) Självvärdering till stöd för lärande 2009 Ingår i: Proceedings Utvecklingskonferens Lunds universitet 2009. - 9789197797429 ; , s. 77-77 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
36.	Josefsson, Jonas (författare) Självvärdering till stöd för lärande 2008 Ingår i: ; , s. 11-17 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
37.	Josefsson, Leila, et al. (författare) Potato Protein Nanofibrils Produced from a Starch Industry Sidestream 2020 Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 8:2, s. 1058-1067 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Protein nanofibrils have emerged as promising building blocks in functional bio/nanomaterials as well as in food products. We here demonstrate that nanofibrils with amyloid-like properties can be produced from potato protein isolate, a major sidestream from the starch industry. Methods for solubilization of potato proteins are evaluated, and a protocol for the assembly of protein nanofibrils is presented. Characterization of the nanofibrils shows that they are rich in beta-sheet structure and display the cross-beta X-ray fiber diffraction pattern, which is a hallmark of amyloid-like fibrils. Atomic force microscopy shows that the fibrils are ca. 4-5 nm in diameter with a nanoscale morphology that displays a high degree of curvature. Using mass spectrometry we identify four peptides that constitute the core building blocks of the nanofibrils and show that they originate from two different classes of proteins. The structural characteristics of these peptides are distinct from previously studied plant protein nanofibrils and thereby reveal new knowledge about the formation of protein nanostructures from agricultural resources.
38.	Josefsson, Leila, et al. (författare) Protein nanofibrils from potato protein isolate - preparation and characterization Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
39.	Josefsson, Maria, et al. (författare) APOE-epsilon 4 effects on longitudinal decline in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities in middle-aged and old adults 2017 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Characterizing aging-related decline trajectories in mental abilities, and relationships of the epsilon 4 allele of the Apolipoprotein gene, helps to identify individuals at high risk for dementia. However, longitudinal changes in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities have not been investigated in relation to the epsilon 4 allele. In the present study, participants from a large population-based study (657 middle-aged and 556 old) were tested over 10 years on their performance on an odor identification task and three non-olfactory cognitive tasks; MMSE, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Our key finding is that in middle-aged participants, odor identification declined twice as fast for epsilon 4/4 homozygotes, compared to non-carriers. However, in old participants, the epsilon 4/4 homozygotes showed an impaired odor identification ability, but they declined at a similar rate as the non-carriers. Furthermore, in old participants all assessments displayed aging-related declines, but exaggerated declines in epsilon 4-carriers were found only in MMSE and episodic memory assessments. In sum, we present evidence that odor identification ability starts to decline already in middle-aged, and that carriers of epsilon 4/4, who are at highest risk of developing dementia, decline twice as fast. Our results may have implications for use of odor identification assessment in detection of early-stage dementia.
40.	Josefsson, Pernilla, et al. (författare) A teacher-led Facebook group as a complementary communication channel 2018 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract A Facebook group was used as a complementary communication channel during a course in human-computer interaction, autumn 2017. All 63 students and three involved teachers were invited to the group right before the course started. This was done within the scope of a pedagogical study aiming at investigating how a teacher administrated Facebook group affects student and teacher roles and communication between students as well as between students and teachers. The study included a pre-survey on social media literacy, collection of posts and user reactions, and a post-survey eliciting student attitudes towards Facebook as well as opinions about the use of Facebook during the course. Posts and comments were analyzed using a content analysis approach. 48/63 students chose to join the group and of these 40 were active participants. Most student posts and comments concerned the ongoing project work and logistics.
41.	Josefsson, Pernilla, 1980-, et al. (författare) Twitter in Higher Education : How social media communication patterns alter students' roles Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
42.	Josefsson, Pernilla, et al. (författare) Twitter in Higher Education : How social media communication patterns alter students' roles Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
43.	Josefsson, Sarah, 1976-, et al. (författare) Bioturbation-driven release of buried PCBs and PBDEs from different depths in contaminated sediments 2010 Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 44:19, s. 7456-64 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Bioturbation can remobilize previously buried contaminants, leading to an increased exposure of aquatic biota. The remobilization of buried polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from three different sediment depth layers (2.0-2.5 cm, 5.0-5.5 cm, and 10.0-10.5 cm) was studied in a laboratory experiment with two benthic macrofauna species, the amphipod Monoporeia affinis and the polychaete Marenzelleria spp. Remobilization of PCBs and PBDEs was significantly higher in the presence of Marenzelleria spp. than in M. affinis treatments and controls (without macrofauna). The highest remobilization occurred from the most shallow layers (2.0-2.5 cm > 5.0-5.5 cm > 10.0-10.5 cm), but contaminants were remobilized due to bioturbation from layers down to at least 10 cm. Congeners with lower hydrophobicity were remobilized to a higher extent than more hydrophobic congeners. The contaminant distribution between the particulate and the dissolved phase in the water column depended on hydrophobicity and burial depth of the contaminant, with congeners from deeper layers displaying an increased distribution to the particulate phase. Release fluxes and sediment-to-water mass transfer coefficients (MTCs) show that bioturbation by the polychaete Marenzelleria spp. can lead to a significant remobilization of buried contaminants from Baltic Sea sediments.
44.	Josefsson, Sarah, 1976-, et al. (författare) Capping efficiency of various carbonaceous and mineral materials for in situ remediation of marine sediments contaminated with PCDD/Fs, OCS and HCB Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The efficiency of various thin-layer capping materials in reducing the sediment-to-water flux and benthic organism bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) was investigated in a boxcosm experiment. The influence of cap layer thickness (0.5-5 cm) and different cap materials were tested using a three-factor experimental design. The capping materials consisted of a passive carrier (coarse or fine limestone material, or a marine clay sediment), and an active material (activated carbon (AC) or kraft lignin) to sequester the contaminants and decrease their bioavailability. Macrofauna was added to the boxes to get a semi-natural bioturbation. The sediment-to-water flux was measured using passive (SPMD) samplers, and the bioaccumulation by the surface-dwelling gastropod Hinia reticulata and the deep-burrowing polychaetes Nereis spp. was determined. Results showed substantial decreases in both flux and bioaccumulation as a result of thin-layer capping. The thickness of the capping layer and the choice of active material were important factors, while the use of different types of passive materials was not statistically significant for any of the observed endpoints. Flux and bioaccumulation decreased with increased cap thickness, and could be further decreased with addition of active material. Activated carbon was more efficient than lignin, and a ~90% reduction of the flux and bioaccumulation, compared to uncapped control sediment, could be achieved with 3 cm caps with 3.3% AC (g C/g ww clay). The reduction was generally larger in the surface-dwelling H. reticulata than in Nereis spp., and the magnitude of the reduction was frequently similar between Nereis spp. and sediment-to-water fluxes. The latter was interpreted to indicate a link between Nereis spp. bioirrigation and sediment-to-water fluxes. Furthermore, the reduction in sediment-to-water flux was dependent on the hydrophobicity of the congeners, with less hydrophobic congeners achieving a larger reduction than more hydrophobic congeners.
45.	Josefsson, Sarah, et al. (författare) Capping Efficiency of Various Carbonaceous and Mineral Materials for In Situ Remediation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Contaminated Marine Sediments : Sediment-to-Water Fluxes and Bioaccumulation in Boxcosm Tests 2012 Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:6, s. 3343-3351 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The efficiency of thin-layer capping in reducing sediment-to-water fluxes and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, hexachlorobenzene, and octachlorostyrene was investigated in a boxcosm experiment. The influence of cap thickness (0.5-5 cm) and different cap materials was tested using a three-factor experimental design. The cap materials consisted of a passive material (coarse or fine limestone or a marine clay) and an active material (activated carbon (AC) or kraft lignin) to sequester the contaminants. The cap thickness and the type of active material were significant factors, whereas no statistically significant effects of the type of passive material were observed. Sediment-to-water fluxes and bioaccumulation by the two test species, the surface-dwelling Nassarius nitidus and the deep-burrowing Nereis spp., decreased with increased cap thickness and with addition of active material. Activated carbon was more efficient than lignin, and a ∼90% reduction of fluxes and bioaccumulation was achieved with 3 cm caps with 3.3% AC. Small increases in fluxes with increased survival of Nereis spp. indicated that bioturbation by Nereis spp. affected the fluxes.
46.	Josefsson, Sarah, 1976- (författare) Fate and transport of POPs in the aquatic environment : with focus on contaminated sediments 2011 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are hydrophobic substances that readily sorb to organic matter in particles and colloids instead of being freely dissolved in the water phase. This sorption affects the bioavailability and environmental transport of the POPs. The major part of this thesis concerns the role of sediments as secondary sources of POPs. As the primary emissions decrease, contaminated sediments where POPs have accumulated can become the main source of contamination. If the contaminated sediment by time becomes covered with cleaner layers, the POPs are buried and no longer in contact with the aquatic environment. Experiments in this thesis showed, however, that new invading species can alter the sediment-water dynamics as a result of their bioturbation, i.e. mixing of sediment particles and pore-water. Marenzelleria spp., invading species in the Baltic Sea that burrow deeper than native species, were found to increase the remobilization of buried contaminants. The sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the burial depth (2-10 cm) of the POP congeners (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and also inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the congener. The flux was therefore most pronounced for less hydrophobic contaminants, which was linked to the bioirrigating behaviour of these species. Marenzelleria spp. also accumulated the buried POPs and increased concentrations in surface sediment. Contaminants previously considered buried at a ’safe’ depth can thus be remobilized as a result of the invasion of Marenzelleria spp. in the Baltic Sea.One method to decrease the remobilization of contaminants from sediments is ’capping’, i.e. a layer of clean material is placed as a cap on the sediment. By amending the cap with active materials, which sequester the POPs and decrease their availability, thinner layers can be used (’active capping’ or ’thin-layer capping’). Results from an experiment with thin-layer capping using different active materials (activated carbon (AC) and kraft lignin) showed that both the sediment-to-water flux and the bioaccumulation by benthic species of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) decreased with increased thickness of the cap layer (0.5-5 cm). Amendments with active materials further increased the cap efficiency. AC was more efficient than kraft lignin, and a 3 cm cap with 3.3% AC reduced the flux and bioaccumulation with ~90%. The reduction of the sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the POP, and reductions in the flux had similar magnitudes as reductions in the concentration in deep-burrowing polychaetes, demonstrating the importance of bioturbation for sediment-to-water transport.In a one-year study on the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and HCB in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, the correlations between the POP levels and the levels of particles and organic carbon in the water were found to differ for POPs of different structure and hydrophobicity. The levels of PCDD/Fs decreased to one third in May, which could be related to the increased sedimentation, i.e. water-to-sediment transport, during spring bloom.
47.	Josefsson, Sarah, et al. (författare) Influence of contaminant burial depth on the bioaccumulation of PCBs and PBDEs by two benthic invertebrates (Monoporeia affinis and Marenzelleria spp.) 2011 Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 85:9, s. 1444-1451 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The bioaccumulation of buried polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) added to specific depths in sediment (2.0-2.5, 5.0-5.5 and 10.0-10.5 cm) was studied in two infaunal species with similar feeding habits (surface deposit-feeders) but different bioturbation modes. The deep-burrowing polychaetes Marenzelleria spp. (Mz) displayed up to 36 times higher tissue concentrations of buried (spiked) contaminants than the surface-dwelling biodiffusing amphipod Monoporeia affinis. The differences in bioaccumulation were most pronounced for less hydrophobic contaminants due to the bioirrigating activity of Mz. Contaminants buried at shallow depths displayed higher accumulation than more deeply buried contaminants. In contrast, the bioaccumulation of unspiked (native) contaminants with a unifo vertical distribution in the sediment was similar between the species. For Mz, the BSAFs increased with increased K(ow) for the uniformly distributed contaminants, but decreased for the buried contaminants, which indicates that the dominant uptake routes of the buried contaminants can differ from the uniformly distributed contaminants. The surface sediment concentration of buried contaminants increased in Mz treatments, showing that Mz bioturbation can remobilize historically buried contaminants to the biologically active surface layer and increase the exposure for surface-dwelling species.
48.	Lundberg, Jonas, et al. (författare) A method to identify investigative blind spots (MIBS) : Addressing blunt-end factors of ultra-safe organizations? investigation-work-as-done 2022 Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 154 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ultra-safe organizations, such as Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs), have extensive safety management organizations and generally excellent safety records with very few serious incidents and accidents. This development has been supported by increasingly advanced and effective methods. However, recent research has uncovered how the application of even advanced incident investigation methods is subject to the same pressures of the reality of everyday work, similar to other safety-critical work tasks. They may therefore also have "incidents", where all issues are not examined with desired thoroughness, and all recommendations are not formulated or implemented with desired effectiveness. This development may be driven by different factors. For instance, the economic pressure on ANSPs is arguably high in Europes competitive aviation market. This speaks for an efficient and pragmatic method for investigating organizational factors affecting incident investigation work. The foundation for such a method existed in prior research, in the form of lists of risk factors for investigative work. In this paper, we present the Method for identifying Investigative Blind Spots (MIBS). We also describe, compare, and assess its development and application, at a Swedish ANSP. Incident investigators were involved in a series of semi-structured workshops to identify possible "blind spots" in their own investigation practices (investigation-work-as-done), i.e. organizational factors that impede or otherwise affect the various phases of the investigative process (investigation-work-as-imagined). This resulted in a method description with an associated set of discussion cards that ultra-safe organizations can use to address blunt-end factors of their investigation-work-as-done.
49.	Lundberg, Jonas, et al. (författare) A Pragmatic Approach to Uncover Blind Spots in Accident Investigation in Ultra-safe Organizations - A Case Study from Air Traffic Management 2019 Ingår i: ADVANCES IN HUMAN ERROR, RELIABILITY, RESILIENCE, AND PERFORMANCE. - Cham : SPRINGER. - 9783319943916 - 9783319943909 ; , s. 199-210 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract For a long time, the aim of safety science has been to further improve safety through more extensive analysis methods (address more factors, with increasingly complex causality models). However, recent research has uncovered how the application of even very advanced methods are subjects to the same pressures of reality of work, as other work tasks, and may therefore also have incidents, where all issues are not examined with equal thoroughness, and not implemented with the same enthusiasm. Some of these performance shaping factors may be systemic, affecting many investigations, resulting in investigation "blind spots". This can facilitate the build-up of latent risk conditions in otherwise ultra-safe organizations, resulting in what is in the literature called a man-made disaster (or, less dramatically, a man-made incident). In this paper, we present an approach to uncovering "blind spots" in investigation processes, describing how it was applied at an Air Navigation Service provider.
50.	Lundberg, Jonas, 1974-, et al. (författare) AMPLIFY ATM TEAMWORK WITH AUTOMATION : An Eye Tracking Study of Air Traffic Management Tools on Two Large Displays During Regular ATM Simulator Training 2013 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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Typ av publikation: tidskriftsartikel (36); konferensbidrag (19); rapport (6); bokkapitel (6); samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (3); doktorsavhandling (3); visa fler...; forskningsöversikt (3); annan publikation (2); bok (1); visa färre...

Typ av innehåll: refereegranskat (54); övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (24); populärvet., debatt m.m. (1)

Författare/redaktör: Josefsson, Jonas (32); Pärt, Tomas (12); Lundberg, Jonas (9); Egonsson, Dan (8); Öckinger, Erik (7); Berg, Åke (7); visa fler...; Rønnow-Rasmussen, To ... (7); Petersson, Björn (7); Ahlbäck Widenfalk, L ... (6); Hedblom, Marcus (6); Ranius, Thomas (6); Josefsson, Andreas, ... (6); Larsson, Maria (5); Hiron, Matthew (5); Gunnarsson, Jonas S. (5); Hugosson, Jonas, 195 ... (4); Blicharska, Malgorza ... (4); Widenfalk, Olof (4); Glimskär, Anders (3); Leonardsson, Kjell (3); Nordin, Steven (3); Andersson, E (2); Auffray, C (2); De Meulder, B (2); Auvinen, A (2); Kermani, NZ (2); Lendel, Christofer (2); Bergquist, Jonas (2); Schalken, J (2); Wirth, M. (2); Chapurlat, Elodie (2); Beyer, K (2); Nyberg, Lars (2); Adolfsson, Rolf (2); Sonesson, Anders (2); Merinero, Sonia (2); Abbott, T (2); Wiberg, Karin (2); Josefsson, Sarah (2); Lindgren, P (2); Forsell, Camilla (2); Johansson, Jimmy (2); Emmer, Åsa (2); Nilsson, Lars-Göran (2); Brett, Calvin (2); Bång, Magnus (2); Wallström, Jonas (2); Eek, Espen (2); Moll, Jonas (2); Olsson, Carl (2); visa färre...

Lärosäte: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (24); Lunds universitet (17); Umeå universitet (15); Linköpings universitet (15); Göteborgs universitet (9); Stockholms universitet (9); visa fler...; Uppsala universitet (7); Naturvårdsverket (5); Örebro universitet (4); Karolinska Institutet (4); Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (3); Högskolan Kristianstad (1); Luleå tekniska universitet (1); Södertörns högskola (1); Chalmers tekniska högskola (1); visa färre...

Språk: Engelska (69); Svenska (10)

Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB): Naturvetenskap (32); Medicin och hälsovetenskap (15); Samhällsvetenskap (13); Humaniora (11); Teknik (9); Lantbruksvetenskap (8)

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