| 1. |
- Arsalani, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation of Questionnaire Measuring Working Conditions and Health Problems Among Iranian Nursing Personnel
- 2011
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Ingår i: Asian Nursing Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1976-1317. ; 5:3, s. 177-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To adapt a questionnaire in the Persian language measuring working conditions and health problems among nursing personnel. A further aim was to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Methods: The adapted questionnaire was based on three well-established questionnaires. Physical working conditions items were from Nurse Early Exit Study. Psychosocial working conditions scales were included from Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire which contains two scales on general and mental health as well. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was the origin of the musculoskeletal disorders questions. During the culture adaptation process, an expert panel method was used. To achieve equivalence between the sources and target version, some changes were made by the expert panel. Then the questionnaire was examined in the field for face validity and construct validity (n = 92) among Iranian nursing personnel from two hospitals. Construct validity was assessed using a priori hypothesized correlations of the outcomes with exposures. Finally the adaptation process was completed by reliability assessment using Cronbach's alpha and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: The construct validity result was the correlation of the health outcome with the work-related exposure (physical r(s) = .71 and psychosocial r(s) = .66). In the reliability assessment, Cronbach's alpha and ICC were .60 and .70 respectively. Conclusion: The findings show that the adapted questionnaire has an acceptable conceptual structure and provides reliable information from the nursing profession. Consequently, the questionnaire is applicable to work situation studies among nurses and other health care workers.
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| 2. |
- Arsalani, N., et al.
(författare)
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Iranian nursing staff's self-reported general and mental health related to working conditions and family situation
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Nursing Review. - : Wiley. - 0020-8132 .- 1466-7657. ; 59:3, s. 416-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is increasing global evidence that today's work environment results in higher risk of adverse health among nursing staff than among other professions.Aim: To investigate self-reported general and mental health among Iranian nursing staff, and associations with organizational, physical and psychosocial working conditions and family situation.Methods: 520 nursing personnel from 10 university hospitals in Tehran participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire in the Persian language, containing the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, physical items from the Nurse Early eXit Study and two scales relating to general health and mental health from the Short Form-36. The Chi-square test with P < 0.05 and logistic regression were used to analyse data.Results: Three out of four nursing staff reported overtime work. The self-reported general and mental health rates of participants were poor/fair (38%, 41%), good (44%, 39%) and very good/excellent (18%, 20%), respectively. Family demands were associated with general health but were not associated with mental health. Adverse physical and psychosocial work conditions gave an elevated odds ratio for poor health.Conclusion: Poor general and mental health was associated with adverse working conditions and family demands. Physical and psychosocial working conditions of nursing personnel should be improved. Social facilities such as daycare for children and care for the elderly should be available during work shifts to help Iranian nurses play their family roles.
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| 3. |
- Arsalani, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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Musculoskeletal Disorders and Working Conditions Among Iranian Nursing Personnel
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 20:4, s. 671-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associations with organizational, physical and psychosocial working conditions among 520 nursing personnel in Tehran, Iran. The results of the cross-sectional study on aids and different educational levels of nurses showed that the participants experienced 88% of MSDs in at least one body region during the past 12 months. The 3 most prevalent body regions were the low back (65.3%), knee (56.2%) and neck (49.8%). The participants reported inflexible work schedule, poor quality of devices for transferring patients, overexertion and job dissatisfaction. Physical and psychosocial exposure revealed an elevated odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MSDs. The results showed a combination of high physical and psychosocial work demands along with low control over the work which increased work-related stress and enhanced the risk of MSDs. This study findings could help to understand work-related MSDs among nursing personnel in a developing country where the work situation and sociocultural context differ from other countries.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 82:10, s. 1179-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The primary aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether working despite illness, so called "sickness presenteeism", has an impact on the future general health of two different working populations during a follow-up period of 3 years.METHODS: The study was based on two bodies of data collected at a number of Swedish workplaces from 1999 to 2003. The first material comprised 6,901 employees from the public sector and the second 2,862 subjects from the private sector. A comprehensive survey was issued three times: at baseline, after 18 months and after 3 years. Apart from the explanatory variable sickness presenteeism, several potential confounders were considered. The outcome variable was good/excellent versus fair/poor self-reported health.RESULTS: Sickness presenteeism at baseline was consistently found to heighten the risk of fair/poor health at both the 18-month and 3-year follow ups even after adjusting for the detected confounders.CONCLUSIONS: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to show that sickness presenteeism appears to be an independent risk factor for future fair/poor general health.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, G, et al.
(författare)
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Sickness Presenteeism Today, Sickness Absenteeism Tomorrow? : A Prospective Study on Sickness Presenteeism and Future Sickness Absenteeism.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 51:6, s. 629-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To prospectively investigate whether sickness presenteeism (SP), ie, going to work despite illness, has an impact on future sickness absenteeism. Methods: Two study populations were used, one female dominated from the public sector that included 3757 employees, and one male dominated from the private sector comprising 2485 employees. Results: SP on more than five occasions during the baseline year (2000) was a statistically significant risk factor for future sick leave (2002 and 2003) of more than 30 days among both populations even after adjusting for previous sick leave, health status, demographics, lifestyle, and work-related variables (2002, public sector, relative risk = 1.40; private sector, relative risk = 1.51). Conclusions: SP may be an important phenomenon to consider when evaluating measures aimed at decreasing sickness absenteeism because more SP may lead to future sickness absence.
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| 6. |
- Björn, Catrine, 1961-
(författare)
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Attractive Work : Nurses´ work in operating departments, and factors that make it attractive
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous studies show that nurse retention is one of the most effective strategies to counteract nursing shortages. Few studies have focused on the crucial resource of registered specialist nurses in operating departments.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to gain knowledge on registered specialist nurses’ and assistant nurses’ work in operating departments and on what factors they consider to be important for attractive work. Methods: In Study I, operating room nurses were interviewed regarding their perspective on their work. In Studies II and III, specialist registered nurses and assistant nurses at operating departments in a Swedish county council responded to the Attractive Work Questionnaire. Study IV is a case study with interviews, a review of organisational goal documents and data concerning the number of planned, acute and cancelled operations.Findings: The adaption of the Attractive Work Questionnaire for nurses in operating departments was satisfying. The most important factors for attractive work were: Relationship, Leadership and Status. The factors with the largest discrepancies between their important to work attractiveness and their rating at the nurses’ current work were: Salary, Organisation and Physical Work Environment. It was important for nurses to be able to prepare for and be in control of the different work tasks. However, the daily operating schedule guided the nurses’ work, and changes in the schedule, nurse shortages and the design of the premises constituted obstacles to their work.Conclusion: The Attractive Work Questionnaire provided specific information to management on what to focus on to make work attractive. The majority of the identified attractive factors are already known to be of importance in nurse retention; however, factors requiring more investigation are Equipment, Physical Work Environment and Location (of the workplace). Their work prerequisites did not enable the specialist and assistant nurses to reach what they saw as their daily goals. Regularly occurring activities, such as acute and cancelled operations, were interpreted as obstacles to reaching daily goals.
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| 7. |
- Björn, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Goal-setting documents did not facilitate nurses’ work at an operating department – a descriptive qualitative study
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both effectiveness and good care is demanded of nurses in a complex environment. The aim of the study was to describe how nurse managers and nurses interpret and are guided by stated goals in their health-care organisation, their own influence over work and obstacles to carry out work in an operating department. A qualitative study, consisting of interviews with nurse managers and nurses, and a description of goal documents and the workplace, were conducted in an operating department in Sweden. The interviews were analysed with manifest content analysis. Work was guided by daily goals for the nurses: to meet the operating schedule and to ensure good-quality patient care. The organisational goals were little known and used. The nurse managers and nurses had limited influence over their work, changes in assignments and in the operating schedule, and unsuitable environmental premises created obstacles in their work. If organisational goals are to guide work there is a need for nurse managers to transform them into understandable, applicable goals and incorporate them into nurses’ daily work. Letting the nurses influence the operating schedule could be one way to overcome obstacles in work. The study also highlights the importance of a functional physical work environment.
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| 8. |
- Björn, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Prominent attractive qualities of nurses’ work in operating room departments : a questionnaire study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 52:4, s. 877-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The shortage of nurses in operating room departments (ORs) in Sweden and other countries can lead to reduced capacity and quality in healthcare, as well as more intense work for those on the job. Little is known about what nurses in ORs perceive as crucial for their workplace to be attractive.OBJECTIVE: To capture attractive qualities of nurses work in ORs and to adapt the Attractive Work Questionnaire (AWQ).METHODS: The AWQ, rating attractive qualities of work, were completed by 147 (68%) nurses in four Swedish ORs. Principal Component Analyses were performed to determine the underlying structure of the data.RESULTS: The factors in the area Work conditions were: relations, leadership, equipment, salary, organisation, physical work environment, location, and working hours; in the area Work content: mental work, autonomy and work rate; and in the area Job satisfaction: status and acknowledgement. The Principal Component Analysis showed consistency with the original AWQ. Cronbach’s alpha varied between 0.57-0.90.CONCLUSIONS: The AWQ captured attractive qualities for nurses in ORs, some less discussed regarding nurse retention, i.e. equipment, physical work environment and location. The results suggest that the questionnaire is reliable and valid and can be a useful tool in identifying attractive work.
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| 9. |
- Björn, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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The opportunities and obstacles nurses have in carrying out their work : a case study in an operating department in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-6030. ; 6, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To improve working conditions and counteract nursing shortages, more knowledge is needed about the opportunities nurses have to carry out their work and what guide nurses’ work. The aim of this study was to use the ARIA guide to identify the opportunities and obstacles in nurse managers, registered specialist nurses and non-registered assistant nurses work in an operating department. Methods A descriptive case study design was performed in an operating department, comprising structured individual and group interviews according to work content analyses with nurse managers, registered specialist nurses and assistant nurses. Interviews were analysed in terms of predetermined aspects regarding working conditions and criteria for performance obstacles. Extracts from documents stating goals and registered data supplemented the interviews. Results The findings show that the daily surgery schedule, not the goal documents, guided daily work. An over-optimistic surgery schedule with unplanned changes and cancellations, over which the nurses had very little influence, as well as the time required to locate necessary equipment that was spread throughout the ward, resulted in nurses rushing through medical records and other preparations rather than preparing calmly for surgery. Although the registered specialist nurses and assistant nurses considered quality of care to be highly important, no standardised evaluations on quality of care were performed. Conclusion The study reveals the importance of a functioning physical work environment including storage, technical equipment supplies, and the positioning of technical equipment in operating rooms, in order for registered specialist and assistant nurses to perform their tasks well. Due to goal incongruence and performance obstacles, the nurses were often unable to reach their daily goals. Involving registered specialist nurses in the process of planning of the surgery schedule could facilitate their work to better match the prerequisites in the physical work environment and among available staff. In order for the Operating Department Goal Document to guide work, goals must be transformed into understandable, realistic, applicable and evaluable aims, and incorporated into daily work.
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| 10. |
- Björn, Catrine, et al.
(författare)
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Unclear goals and performance obstacles in a surgical department in Sweden, A case study
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: To improve working conditions and counteract nursing shortages, more knowledge is needed about the goals that guide nurses’ work, and the opportunities nurses have to carry out their work well. The aim of this study is to describe how nurse managers, registered specialist nurses and non-registered assistant nurses interpret stated organisational goals and their own daily goals, and to identify performance obstacles for nurses in a surgical department. Methods: A descriptive case study design was performed in a surgical department, comprising structured individual and group interviews according to work content analyses with nurse managers, registered specialist nurses and assistant nurses. Interviews were analysed in terms of predetermined aspects regarding working conditions and criteria for performance obstacles. Extracts from documents stating goals and registered data supplemented the interviews.Results: The findings show that the daily surgery schedule, not the goal documents, guided daily work. An over-optimistic surgery schedule with unplanned changes and cancellations, over which the nurses had very little influence, as well as the time required to locate necessary equipment that was spread throughout the ward, resulted in nurses rushing through medical records and other preparations rather than preparing calmly for surgery. Although the registered specialist nurses and assistant nurses considered quality of care to be highly important, no standardised evaluations on quality of care were performed.Conclusion: Due to goal incongruence and performance obstacles, the nurses were often unable to reach their daily goals. Involving registered specialist nurses in the schedule-planning process could facilitate their work to better match the requirements of the physical work environment and the staff availability. In order for the Surgical Department Goal Document to guide work, goals must be transformed into understandable, realistic, applicable and evaluable aims, and incorporated into daily work.The study also reveals the importance of a functioning physical work environment including storage, technical equipment supplies, and the positioning of technical equipment in operating rooms, in order for registered specialist and assistant nurses to perform their tasks well.
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| 11. |
- Fochsen, G, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of leaving nursing care: a longitudinal study among Swedish nursing personnel.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 63:3, s. 198-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Despite extensive research on turnover among nursing personnel very little is known about the impact of physical workload and health on leaving. The aim of this study was to find predictors for leaving nursing care with special reference to physical working conditions and musculoskeletal problems. METHODS: This study is based on longitudinal data from a survey of nursing personnel who were employed at various county hospitals in Sweden from 1992-95. A self administrated follow up questionnaire was used to identify their present position in the labour market. The response rate was 73% (n = 1095). RESULTS: The results showed that nursing personnel reporting musculoskeletal problems of the neck/shoulder or knees and those who had limited use of transfer devices were more likely to leave nursing care. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the importance of taking musculoskeletal problems and use of transfer devices into consideration in order to retain nursing personnel.
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| 12. |
- Ghaffari, Mostafa, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of psychosocial factors on low back pain in industrial workers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Occupational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0962-7480 .- 1471-8405. ; 58:5, s. 341-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To test the hypothesis that workplace psychosocial factors such as demand, control, support, job satisfaction and job appreciation can predict the future onset of disabling low back pain (LBP). Methods The present study involved a prospective cohort of 4500 Iranian industrial workers. Data were gathered by means of a self-reported questionnaire about LBP, as well as working life exposure, lifestyle factors, social exposures, co-morbidity, life events and psychosomatic complaints in 2004. All new episodes of disabling LBP resulting in medically certified sick leave during the 1-year follow-up registered by occupational health clinic inside the factory. Results The participation rate was good (85%). A total of 744 subjects reported current LBP (point prevalence cases). A total of 52 (< , 2%) new episodes of disabling LBP were observed during the 1-year follow-up (incident cases). Male employees reported higher demands, lower control and lower support than female employees. Employees with high demands, low control, job strain, low job satisfaction and low job appreciation showed increased odds ratios, and these results were statistically significant. Conclusions Few prospective studies in this field have been published, but all of them are related to industrialized countries. This prospective study suggests the aetiological role of job strain for LBP. The findings of this study indicate a substantial potential for disease prevention and health promotion at the workplace.
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| 13. |
- Grooten, WJ, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of work-related exposures on the prognosis of neck/shoulder pain
- 2007
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Ingår i: European spine journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 16:12, s. 2083-2091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine associations between work-related exposures and the prognosis of self-reported neck/shoulder pain. This prospective cohort study was based on 803 working subjects who reported neck/shoulder pain at baseline. The proportion of subjects who 5-6 years later were symptom-free was calculated. Data concerning work-related biomechanical, psychosocial, and organizational exposures were collected at baseline. The Cox regression analyses were used to calculate the relative chances (RC) of being symptom-free at the end of the study for single exposures, and also for up to three simultaneous work-related exposures. Adjustments were made for sex and age. Only 36% of the subjects were symptom-free 5-6 years later. The relative chance for being symptom-free at the end of the study was 1.32 (95% CI = 0.99-1.74) for subjects who were exposed to sitting >= 75% of the working time and 1.53 (95% CI = 1.02-2.29) for subjects who were exposed to job strain, i.e., the combination of high demands and low decision latitude. The relative chance of being symptom-free at the end of the study was 0.61 (95% CI = 0.40-0.94) for subjects with at least two out of three simultaneous biomechanical exposures at work; manual handling, working with the hands above shoulder level, and working with vibrating tools. In a heterogeneous population with moderate nonspecific neck/shoulder pain, sedentary work enhanced the chance of being symptom-free 5-6 years later, whereas simultaneous exposures to at least two of manual handling, working with hands above shoulder level and working with vibrating tools were associated with a lower chance of being symptom-free at the end of the study. This could imply that subjects with neck/shoulder pain should avoid such simultaneous exposures.
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| 14. |
- Gunnarsson, Kristina, 1947-
(författare)
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Entrepreneurs and Small-Scale Enterprises : Self Reported Health, Work Conditions, Work Environment Management and Occupational Health Services
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focused on factors contributing to improved work environment in small-scale enterprises and sustainable health for the entrepreneurs. In Study I, implementation of the provision of Systematic Work Environment Management (SWEM) with and without support was investigated. Two implementation methods were used, supervised and network method. The effect of the project reached the employees faster in the enterprises with the supervised method. In general, the work environment improved in all enterprises. However, extensive support to small-scale enterprises in terms of advice and networking aimed at fulfilling SWEM regulations had limited effect – especially considering the cost of applying these methods. Studies II, III, and IV focused on entrepreneurs’ health, work conditions, strategies for maintaining good health, and utilisation of Occupational Health Service (OHS). A closed cohort of entrepreneurs in ten different trades responded to two self-administered questionnaires on health and work conditions, with five years between the surveys: at baseline, 496 entrepreneurs responded, and 251 entrepreneurs responded at follow-up. Differences were tested by Chi2-test, and associations estimated with logistic regression analyses. Qualitative interviews on entrepreneurs’ strategies for maintaining good health were included. In Study II, the most frequently reported complaints, musculoskeletal pain and mental health problems, were associated with poor job satisfaction and poor physical work environment. In Study III, consistent self-reported good health, i.e. good health both at baseline and at follow up, was associated with self-valued good social life when adjusted for physical work conditions and job satisfaction. Entrepreneurs’ strategies for maintaining good health included good planning and control over work, flexibility at work, good social contact with family, friends and other entrepreneurs, and regular physical exercise. Study IV concerned entrepreneur’s utilisation of OHS. Entrepreneurs affiliated to OHS had either better or more adverse work conditions than non-affiliated entrepreneurs. Medical care and health check-ups were the services most utilised. Affiliation to OHS correlated with use of specific information sources and active work environment management. The entrepreneurs were not consistently affiliated to OHS over the five-year-period.
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| 15. |
- Gunnarsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurs' Self-reported Health, Social Life, and Strategies for Maintaining Good Health
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Health. - 1341-9145 .- 1348-9585. ; 53:3, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigated the association between self-reported good health and self-valued good social life. An additional aim was to examine entrepreneur's strategies for maintaining good health. Methods: The study design included a two-wave questionnaire, with five years between the surveys (2001 and 2006), and qualitative interviews. The study group consisted of 246 entrepreneurs from the central region of Sweden and represented ten different trades. Entrepreneurs reporting good health in both 2001 and 2006 were compared with entrepreneurs reporting poor health on both occasions or with inconsistent answers. Six of the entrepreneurs were strategically chosen for the interview study. Results: Consistent good health was reported by 56% of the entrepreneurs. Good social life in 2001 was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for consistent good health when the analyses were adjusted for physical work conditions and job satisfaction (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.07-4.17). Findings for good leisure time, weekly moderate physical exercise, and a rating of work being less or equally important as other life areas, were similar but not statistically significant when job satisfaction was considered in the analyses. Strategies for maintaining good health included good planning and control over work, flexibility at work, good social contact with family, friends and other entrepreneurs, and regular physical exercise. Conclusion: This study demonstrated an association between self-reported good health and good social life for entrepreneurs in small-scale enterprises. In addition, the entrepreneurs emphasised strategies such as planning and control over work and physical exercise are important for maintaining good health.
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| 16. |
- Gunnarsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work in small enterprises
- 2014
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Ingår i: Small Enterprise Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1321-5906 .- 1175-0979. ; 21:2, s. 229-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to understand and identify possible areas of improvement for the return-to-work process in small enterprises. The study used a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 small enterprises in Sweden. The employers in the enterprise have made efforts to adapt the workplace for employees on sick leave. However, there was no set procedure for handling contacts between the employer and employee during periods of sick leave and employers indicated that they were unsure how to cooperate with the Swedish Social Insurance Agency in the return-to-work process. An area for improvement is extended professional competence and support in the return-to-work process in order to identify possibilities to enable adaption of the workplace and facilitate return to work. The occupational health service have or should have the knowledge required and could play an active role in improvement of the return-to-work process.
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| 17. |
- Gunnarsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Self rated health and working conditions of small-scale enterprisers in sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Industrial Health. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 45:6, s. 775-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was an investigation of prevalence and associations between self-rated health and working conditions for small-scale enterprisers in a county in Sweden. A postal questionnaire was answered by 340 male and 153 female small-scale enterprisers in different sectors, with a response rate of 66%. For comparative purposes, data from a population study of 1,699 employees in private companies was included in the analyses. Differences were tested by Chi²-test and associations were presented as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The frequency of health problems in male enterprisers was higher than in employees in the private sector, while the frequency of health problems in female enterprisers was equal to that of the control employees. The main findings highlighted that male enterprisers reported higher rate of health problems and female enterprisers equal rate compared with employees in the private sector. Enterprisers stated musculoskeletal pain (women 59%, men 56%) and mental health problems (women 47%, men 45%) as the most frequent health problems. Poor job satisfaction, reported by 17% of the females and 20% of the male enterprisers, revealed an OR of 10.42 (95% CI 5.78-18.77) for poor general health. For the enterprisers, the most frequent complaints, musculoskeletal pain and mental health problems, were associated with poor job satisfaction and poor physical work environment. An association between poor general health and working as an enterpriser remained after adjusting for working conditions, sex and age.
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| 18. |
- Gunnarsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish entrepreneurs’ use of occupational health ervices
- 2011
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Ingår i: AAOHN Journal. - Atlanta : SLACK Inc.. - 1938-2448 .- 0891-0162. ; 59:10, s. 437-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale enterprises are less often covered by occupational health services and have insufficient awareness about health and risks in the work environment. This study investigated how Swedish entrepreneurs in small-scale enterprises use occupational health services. The study used a questionnaire sent in two waves, 5 years apart. At baseline, 496 entrepreneurs responded, and 251 participated 5 years later. The questionnaire included items about affiliation with and use of occupational health services, physical and psychosocial work environments, work environment management, sources of work environment information, and membership in professional networks. Only 3% of entrepreneurs without employees and 19% of entrepreneurs with employees were affiliated with an occupational health service. Entrepreneurs affiliated with occupational health services were more active in work environment management and gathering information about the work environment. The occupational health services most used were health examinations, health care, and ergonomic risk assessments. Affiliation with occupational health services was 6% at both measurements, 4% at baseline, and 10% 5 years later.
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| 19. |
- Hallberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Is an early retirement offer good for your health? : Quasi-experimental evidence from the army
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 44, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies empirically the consequences on health of an early retirement offer. To this end we use a targeted retirement offer to military officers 55 years of age or older. Before the offer was implemented, the normal retirement age in the Swedish defense was 60 years of age. Estimating the effect of the offer on individuals' health within the age range 56-70, we find support for a reduction in both mortality and in inpatient care as a consequence of the early retirement offer. Increasing the mandatory retirement age may thus not only have positive government income effects but also negative effects on increasing government health care expenditures.
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| 20. |
- Hallsten, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Job burnout and job wornout as risk factors for long-term sickness absence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 38:2, s. 181-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Contingent self-esteem has been assumed to be a risk for burnout-related disorders, and a contingent self-worth notion of job burnout was applied to study the prospective relationship between job burnout and registered episodes of sickness absence of >= 60 consecutive days. Methods: Job burnout was defined as being in the high quartiles on the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS) scales of exhaustion and cynicism and, in addition, as being above the median on a scale for performance-based self-esteem. Another high exhaustion-cynicism group, a "job wornout" group, was defined as being high on the same MBI-GS scales but having performance-based self-esteem scores below the median. Data were analyzed by a multivariate, logistic regression approach. Participants: 4,109 public employees in Sweden. Results: The job burnout group showed an over-risk of long-term sickness absence incidence, both compared with a low exhaustion-cynicism reference group and with the job wornout group after adjustment for several potential confounders. No association with incidence of long-term sickness absence was found for the job wornout group. Conclusions: The differential vulnerability to long-term sickness absence among high exhaustion-cynicism groups suggests that a self-worth perspective of job burnout can be advantageous for prevention of the costly long-term sickness absences.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Heijbel, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of a rehabilitation model for employees on long-term sick leave in the public sector : Difficulties, counter-measures, and outcomes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 45:3, s. 323-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:The aim was threefold: 1) to describe the experiences of driving and implementing a workplace-based rehabilitation intervention in cooperation with the occupational health service (OHS); 2) to investigate which people received multimodal and/or vocational rehabilitation measures; 3) to find predictors of return to work (RTW).Participants:Altogether 779 employees on sick leave for 90 days or more with mainly musculoskeletal or psychological/stress-related problems, 90% women.Methods:The HAKuL model was introduced, implying an early team assessment at the OHS and good access to rehabilitation measures. The study is a prospective three-year study with a two-year follow-up.Results:The rehabilitation intervention encountered challenges. Counter-measures were taken to facilitate coordination and communication. People with musculoskeletal problems often received both multimodal and vocational rehabilitation. Vocational rehabilitation was advocated for people who were under 55 years of age, and for those with stress-related problems. The strongest predictive factors for RTW were: having received only vocational rehabilitation and being under 45 years of age.Conclusion:The HAKuL model can be used in a wider context, but the study shows the need for coordination between multiple stakeholders. Supervisors should pay attention to people who have musculoskeletal problems and are older, as soon as problems emerge.
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| 24. |
- Heijbel, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work expectation predicts work in chronic musculoskeletal and behavioral health disorders : prospective study with clinical implications.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 16:2, s. 173-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design: Prospective cohort study with 18-month follow-up.Objective: To investigate if long-term sick listed persons' own predictions of their future return to work (RTW) have an impact on their RTW when controlling for other established factors.Method: Postal questionnaires at baseline were sent to persons who had been on sick leave for more than 90 days, and were employed in five municipalities and four county councils in Sweden. A follow-up regarding their RTW was performed 18 months later.Results: After 18 months 135 out of 508 persons (27%) had returned to work, full or part-time. In a multivariate logistic regression, the sick listed persons' own prediction of their RTW proved to be highly significant (OR=8.28, 95% CI: 3.31-20.69). Only six out of 132 persons with a negative view of their RTW did return to wok. Other predictive factors that were found for RTW were: being on sick leave for a period of less than 1 year (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.19-3.67), having less pain than persons in the quartile with most pain (OR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.21-5.81), perceiving that one was welcome back to work (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.10-3.58), and being under 55 years of age (OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.07-5.23 for age between 45 and 54 years and the same trend for age below 45 years OR=1.85, 95% CI: 0.82-4.20).Conclusion: Persons with a positive prediction should get help to realise their potential for RTW. Offering traditional rehabilitation measures to a person with a negative prediction of his/her RTW, could be a waste of resources if done ahead of improving self-confidence and view of what is possible. The problems in this group might decrease or be easier to handle if decisions about the future are taken within a year.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Josephson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of self-reported work conditions and health on full, partial and no return to work after long-term sickness absence
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 34:6, s. 430-437
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at describing the frequency of full, partial, and no return to work after long-term sick leave and at ascertaining the influence of psychosocial work conditions, work ability and health, reported before the onset of sick leave, on full and partial return to work. METHODS: Altogether 853 public-sector employees in Sweden, mainly women, with at least one sick leave lasting > or = 28 days, were studied. The outcome was the level of sick leave 2 years after the sick leave began. Potential predictors were self-rated health, work ability, and psychosocial work conditions assessed by questionnaire before the sick leave. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by multinomial regression analyses. RESULTS: Altogether 41% of the participants went directly from full sick leave to full return to work; 21% had periods of partial return to work, but, at the 2-year follow-up, were fully back to work; 15% had partial return to work; and 23% were still not working. A relaxed work situation, a combination of low demands and high decision latitude, increased the odds for full (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.60-4.62) and partial (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.21-4.85) return to work. Negative consequences of organizational changes were associated with decreased odds for full return to work (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.77). Good self-rated health and work ability were associated with full return to work. CONCLUSIONS: Partial return to work often precedes full return to work, but also operates as a long-term solution for remaining occupationally active. Promoting relatively low demands and high decision latitude at work may support both full and partial return to work after long sick leaves.
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| 28. |
- Josephson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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The same factors influence job turnover and long spells of sick leave : a 3-year follow-up of Swedish nurses
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 18:4, s. 380-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In many countries, a general shortage of nurses is a public health problem, and retention of nurses in active work is a challenge. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the same individual factors, working conditions and health problems had led to increased probability of both leaving jobs and prolonged sickness absence in a cohort of Swedish nurses over a period of 3 years. METHODS: A baseline questionnaire was answered by 2293 nurses, representing a response rate of 86%. Exposed and unexposed nurses were compared with regard to two outcomes. During the 3-year follow-up, exposed and unexposed nurses were compared with regard to two outcomes: resigning and having at least one sick leave spell that lasted 28 days or longer. RESULTS: We found that 18% of the nurses left their employment, and 16% had sick leave spells > or =28 days. Work in geriatric care, being socially excluded by superiors and/or workmates, negative effects of organizational changes and poor self-rated general health were factors that increased the likelihood of both leaving jobs and long-term sick leave. CONCLUSIONS: The present results underline the importance of improving working conditions and supporting sustainable health in order to prevent high turnover and prolonged sick leave among nurses. Resigning and moving to another institution can be interpreted as a way to actively cope with an unhealthy work environment.
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| 29. |
- Josephson, Malin
(författare)
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Work factors and musculoskeletal disorders : an epidemiological approach focusing on female nursing personnel
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the association between job factors and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders, and in particular low back disorders, among female nursing personnel. The thesis is based on three separate projects. Two training programs for nursing personnel and one population-based case-referent study, called the MUSIC-Norrtälje study. The specific aim of the first study was to evaluate the implementation of a patient transfer technique at a hospital. According to the nurses who participated in the training program, the patient transfer technique was used and appreciated. During the study period, four yearly repeated surveys among the nurses indicated that psychological job strain was associated with back and neck/shoulder symptoms. High perceived physical exertion showed a consistent association with musculoskeletal symptoms. The prevalence of symptoms was rather stable, even though almost half of the nurses varied between reporting intensive ongoing musculoskeletal symptoms or not. In the second project, the study group consisted of assistant nurses in geriatric care, who took part in a program of physical training and education. The cross- sectional analysis and the follow-up demonstrated a weak tendency towards higher prevalence of low back symptoms among assistant nurses who reported a high level of physical exertion at work. Individual physical capacity was not related to perceived physical exertion. In the Music-Norrtälje study, high physical workload and perceived physical exertion were associated with a relative risk of seeking care for low back disorders, when exposed nursing personnel were compared to unexposed. The study indicated a positive relation between low intellectual discretion, insufficient social support, terms of employment and seeking care for low back disorders. When all women with paid jobs were included, i.e. women with nursing work and other occupations, self-reported adverse psychosocial work conditions were related to a high general physical workload. Long hours of paid work, or of unpaid work, separately, indicated a relative risk of seeking care for low back and/or neck/shoulder disorders. These studies show that in nursing work, the environmental demands, and the interaction between these demands and the nurses, were related to musculoskeletal disorders.
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| 30. |
- Josephson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Zest for work? Assessment of enthusiasm and satisfaction with the present work situation and health--a 1.5-year follow-up study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 29:3, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate whether assessing zest for work is a valuable approach in occupational health work. The term "zest for work" comes from the expression "zest for life" and can roughly be interpreted as the degree of enthusiasm and satisfaction with the present work situation. The measurements comprise three components: listing important factors for the feeling of zest for work, attitude rating and stating whether it is possible to have any influence over the listed factors. Included in this study were 5539 employees, mainly women. Low zest for work was associated with job strain and insufficient social support and imposed an increased risk for poor health for working and long spells of sick leave. The results support that assessing zest for work can be useful in occupational health work.
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| 31. |
- Kjellberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an instrument for assessing workstyle in checkout cashier work (BAsIK)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 663-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Checkout cashier work consists of handling a large number of items during a work shift, which implies repetitive movements of the shoulders, arms and hands/wrists, and a high work rate. The work is associated with a high prevalence of disorders in the neck and upper extremity. The concept of workstyle explains how ergonomic and psychosocial factors interact in the development of work-related upper extremity disorders. The aim of the project was to develop an instrument for the occupational health services to be used in the efforts to prevent upper extremity disorders in checkout cashier work. The instrument is based on the workstyle concept and is intended to be used as a tool to identify high-risk workstyle and needs for interventions, such as training and education. The instrument, BAsIK, consists of four parts; a questionnaire about workstyle, an observation protocol for work technique, a checklist about the design of the checkout and a questionnaire about work organization. The instrument was developed by selecting workstyle items developed for office work and adapting them to checkout cashier work, discussions with researchers and ergonomists, focus-group interviews with cashiers, observations of video recordings of cashiers, and studies of existing guidelines and checklists.
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| 32. |
- Kjellberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an instrument for assessing workstyle in checkout cashier work (BAsIK)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:Suppl 1, s. 663-668
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Checkout cashier work consists of handling a large number of items during a work shift, which implies repetitive movements of the shoulders, arms and hands/wrists, and a high work rate. The work is associated with a high prevalence of disorders in the neck and upper extremity. The concept of workstyle explains how ergonomic and psychosocial factors interact in the development of work-related upper extremity disorders. The aim of the project was to develop an instrument for the occupational health services to be used in the efforts to prevent upper extremity disorders in checkout cashier work. The instrument is based on the workstyle concept and is intended to be used as a tool to identify high-risk workstyle and needs for interventions, such as training and education. The instrument, BAsIK, consists of four parts; a questionnaire about workstyle, an observation protocol for work technique, a checklist about the design of the checkout and a questionnaire about work organization. The instrument was developed by selecting workstyle items developed for office work and adapting them to checkout cashier work, discussions with researchers and ergonomists, focus-group interviews with cashiers, observations of video recordings of cashiers, and studies of existing guidelines and checklists.
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| 33. |
- Lagerström, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Striving for Balance Between Family and Work Demands Among Iranian Nurses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nursing Science Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 0894-3184 .- 1552-7409. ; 23:2, s. 166-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study reported here explored Iranian nurses' experience of managing work and family roles. Grounded theory method guided the data collection and data analysis from both individual and focus group interviews. Five categories emerged: family role, working conditions, seeking support, perceiving dissatisfaction, and perceiving threats to health. The core concept that emerged was striving for balance between family and work demands. In the work family role the Iranian nurses faced significant pressures, and they mostly relied on their own capabilities to create balance, often neglecting their own needs. This resulted in perceived dissatisfaction and health threats.
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| 34. |
- Leijon, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Different working and living conditions and their associations with persistent neck/shoulder and/or low back disorders
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 64:2, s. 115-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate whether different combinations of working and living conditions are associated with the risk for persistent neck/shoulder and/or low back disorders. The underlying purpose of this contextual approach was to identify target groups for primary/secondary prevention. Methods: In a baseline study, 11 groups with different working and living conditions were identified by cluster analysis. In this study, these 11 groups were followed up by a postal questionnaire 5 years after baseline (response rate 82%, n=1095). Results: Five of the groups-the onerous human services job, the free agent, the family burden, the mentally stretched and the physically strained groups-had an increased risk for persistent disorders (OR 2.38-2.70). Four of these groups had rather sex-specific working and living conditions. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that different combinations of working and living conditions may increase the risk for persistent neck/shoulder and/or low back disorders to different degrees. Sex-specific working and living conditions increased the risk for women as well as for men, irrespective of whether the conditions were specific to women or men.
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| 35. |
- Leijon, O., et al.
(författare)
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First-time decisions regarding work injury annuity due to occupational disease: A gender perspective
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 71:2, s. 147-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study presents an investigation of first-time decisions regarding work injury annuity due to occupational disease. Focus is a number of potential underlying factors behind the gender gap, where women are disadvantaged, in the granting of work injury annuity. Methods: All 99 subjects (80 men and 19 women) who met the conditions of long-lasting reduction of work ability due to occupational disease (not occupational accident) in the Swedish Work Injury Insurance Act and were granted work injury annuity in 2010, together with a random sample of 118 subjects (55 men and 63 women) who were denied annuity in the same year, were selected for analysis. Each subject's case file from the Social Insurance Agency was examined with regards to cause of disease, diagnosis and the Social Insurance Agency' s management and decision making of claims. The data were analysed by logistic regression analysis. Results: Men had a higher probability of being granted work injury annuity than women for musculoskeletal disorders (OR 4.16), mental disorders (OR 7.93) and diseases in other diagnostic chapters (OR 3.65). After adjustment for age, country of birth, diagnosis, work exposure factors and decision support factors, the higher probability for men of being granted work injury annuity remained (full model: OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.94). Conclusions: Actions are necessary in order to establish equitable and gender-neutral treatment of work injury insurance claims. There is a need for more detailed knowledge of exposures in female-dominated jobs and the relationship between these exposures and occupational disease.
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| 36. |
- Leijon, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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How common is change of primary diagnosis during an episode of sickness benefit? : A register study of medical sickness certificates issued 2010-2012 in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 43:1, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aims of this study were to investigate how common it is to change primary diagnosis between different diagnostic chapters during a sick-leave spell, and to explore patterns of diagnostic changes. Methods: The unit for analysis was episode of sickness benefit, that is, sick leave >14 days, which commenced between 2010 and 2012 in Sweden. For each case, the primary diagnosis was retrieved from the first and last/latest medical sickness certificate, respectively. The number of days of sickness benefit was linked to the cases. Any change of primary diagnosis was analysed by diagnostic chapter according to the ICD-10, and this was done separately for women and men. Results: In total, 803,041 cases of sickness benefit (63% women) were included in the study. During a sick-leave spell, 7.1% of female cases and 6.6% of male cases changed their primary diagnosis to a diagnosis from another diagnostic chapter. The change of primary diagnosis increased with the number of days with sickness benefit. For female cases, this increase was from 2.0% for cases that lasted 15-30 days to 20.2% for cases that lasted >365 days. For male cases, the corresponding increase was from 1.8% to 21.2%. A change of primary diagnosis was least common among those initially sick-listed for mental disorders and musculoskeletal disorders. The patterns of diagnostic changes were rather similar for women and men. Conclusions: A change of diagnosis during a sick-leave spell needs to be taken into consideration by the sickness insurance system and in the actions taken by its administration. Registry-based studies of sickness insurance need to consider diagnostic changes in both the study design and the interpretation of results.
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| 37. |
- Leijon, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Sick-listing adherence : a register study of 1.4 million episodes of sickness benefit 2010-2013 in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This register study aims to increase the knowledge on how common it is that sickness benefit recipients are sick-listed for as long as their physician prescribes in their medical sickness certificate, i.e. sick-listing adherence, or wholly/partly bring return-to-work (RTW) forward, i.e. early RTW. Methods: The unit for analysis was an episode of 100% sickness benefit, commenced between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2013. Completed episodes of sickness benefit and full or partial early RTW was analysed by comparing the prescribed length of sick leave in medical sickness certificates and benefit days disbursed by the sickness insurance system. Probability for a full and partial early RTW was estimated with hazard ratio (HR) using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: In total, about 1.4 million episodes of sickness benefit (60% women) were included in the study. The overall sick-listing adherence was 84% for women and 82% for men during the first year of sick leave. Adherence varied between 82 and 87% among women and between 79 and 86% among men with regard to ICD-10 diagnosis chapter. The probability of an early RTW varied between diagnosis chapters, where mental disorders was associated with a lower probability of a full early RTW among women and men (HR 0.52 and HR 0.47) as well as a partial early RTW (HR 0.51 and HR 0.46). Younger age (16-29 years), high educational level and high income was associated with a higher probability of an early RTW, while older age (>= 50 years), not native-born, low educational level, unemployment and parental leave were associated with a lower probability. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that sick-listing adherence is relatively high. Probability of an early RTW differs with regard to diagnosis chapter, demographic, socioeconomic and labour market characteristics of the sickness benefit recipients. Interventions intended to improve the sick-listing process, and to affect the length and degree of sick leave in certain target groups, should include measures targeted at physicians' sick-listing practices. Policies and economic incentives aimed at promoting RTW need to focus on individuals' residual capacity for work.
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| 38. |
- Lindberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons between five self-administered instruments predicting sick leaves in a 4-year follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 82:2, s. 227-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore and compare the ability of five instruments for self-rating to predict future sick leave rates. METHODS: In three Swedish municipalities 2,252 employees completed a baseline questionnaire and were followed up for 4 years. Five health-oriented instruments for self-rating were used as potential predictors of the two outcome measures no sick leave at all, and one or more spells of long-term sick leave >/=28 days. Positive and negative predictive values as well as Cox proportional hazard ratios (denoted as RRs) adjusted for age and work type were calculated. RESULTS: The instruments showed no statistical difference in predicting future sick leave for either of the sexes. For no sick leave RRs ranged between 1.27 and 1.52 (women), 1.35 and 1.61 (men); for long-term sick leave RRs ranged between 1.78 and 2.39 (women), 2.87 and 5.53 (men). However, the best prediction of long-term sick leave for men, RR 5.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.37-9.08, was significantly higher than the best prediction for women, RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.97-2.90. CONCLUSION: Prediction of long-term sick leave was better than that of no sick leave, and better among men than among women. There was a tendency for somewhat better prediction of future sick leave by multiple-question instruments, but single-question instruments can very well be used in predicting future sick leaves, and crude analyses stratified by sex can be used for screening purposes.
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| 39. |
- Lindberg, P, et al.
(författare)
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Retaining the ability to work-associated factors at work.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Eur J Public Health: Retaining the ability to work-associated factors at work.. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 16:5, s. 470-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Lund, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in sickness absence in Sweden and Denmark : the cross national HAKNAK study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 19:3, s. 343-349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate potential differences in sickness absence among public sector employees in Sweden and Denmark, and to what extent a difference was associated with age, gender, physical and psychosocial work environment exposures, lifestyle factors, self-rated health or work ability. METHODS: In 2000, two cross-sectional samples of 8562 public sector employees in Sweden and Denmark were surveyed. The study outcome, self-reported number of sick-leave days the year preceding interview, was dichotomized into 7 days or less, and more than 7 days. Chi square test was used to analyse distribution of dependent and independent variables in the two sub-cohorts. Stratified logistic regression analysis was performed to identify causes for absence within the two sub-cohorts, and logistic regression analysis was performed to study differences in sickness absence levels between the two sub-cohorts. RESULTS: More subjects from the Swedish study population reported more than 7 days of sickness absence. Factors associated with sickness absence were largely similar in the two countries. The difference in absence level between Sweden and Denmark was not associated with differences in age, gender, skill level, lifestyle, psychosocial or physical work environment, musculoskeletal symptoms or self-rated health, whereas work ability score decreased the difference in sickness absence level. CONCLUSION: The results could indicate an increased retention of employees with health problems in the Swedish labour market compared with the Danish labour market. A possible explanation for the differences in sickness absence ascertained in this study could be due to differences in the sickness insurance legislation.
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| 41. |
- Palm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in cashiers work technique regarding wrist movements when scanning groceries
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 5436-5438
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Checkout cashier work can be repetitive and hand-intensive. Differences in workstyle might explain why some cashiers develop symptoms and other do not. Work technique is one part of the workstyle concept. The aim of this study was to analyze if there were differences in work technique among cashiers in to what extent they use large or small wrist movements when scanning groceries. Wrist movements of 17 cashiers were video recorded. The results revealed large variation among the cashiers in if they use large or small wrist movements when handling the groceries. This indicated there is a potential for some cashiers to improve their work technique.
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| 42. |
- Palm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in cashiers work technique regarding wrist movements when scanning groceries
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:Suppl 1, s. 5436-5438
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Checkout cashier work can be repetitive and hand-intensive. Differences in workstyle might explain why some cashiers develop symptoms and other do not. Work technique is one part of the workstyle concept. The aim of this study was to analyze if there were differences in work technique among cashiers in to what extent they use large or small wrist movements when scanning groceries. Wrist movements of 17 cashiers were video recorded. The results revealed large variation among the cashiers in if they use large or small wrist movements when handling the groceries. This indicated there is a potential for some cashiers to improve their work technique.
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| 43. |
- Palm, Peter, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and criterion validity of an observation protocol for working technique assessments in cash register work
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 59:6, s. 829-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the intra- and inter-observer reliability and criterion validity of an observation protocol, developed in an iterative process involving practicing ergonomists, for assessment of working technique during cash register work for the purpose of preventing upper extremity symptoms. Two ergonomists independently assessed 17 15-min videos of cash register work on two occasions each, as a basis for examining reliability. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing these assessments with meticulous video-based analyses by researchers. Intra-observer reliability was acceptable (i.e. proportional agreement >0.7 and kappa>0.4) for 10/10 questions. Inter-observer reliability was acceptable for only 3/10 questions. An acceptable inter-observer reliability combined with an acceptable criterion validity was obtained only for one working technique aspect ‘Quality of movements’. Thus, major elements of the cashiers’ working technique could not be assessed with an acceptable accuracy from short periods of observations by one observer, such as often desired by practitioners.
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| 44. |
- Palmlof, L., et al.
(författare)
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Poor work ability increases sickness absence over 10 years
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Occupational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0962-7480 .- 1471-8405. ; 69:5, s. 359-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundLittle is known about the predictive value of single items from the work ability index (WAI) on the risk of sickness absence over several years, and whether such risk varies across age groups.AimsThe aim of the study was to investigate whether poor self-perceived physical and mental work ability among employees in the public sector are associated with long-term sickness absence over a 10-year period.MethodsThe study was based on a prospective cohort of employees within the public sector in Sweden reporting ‘good health for working’. Baseline information was collected with questionnaires from 2000 to 2003. Poor physical and mental work ability in relation to work demands were assessed with two items from the WAI. The outcome was the number of years of long-term sickness absence between 2003 and 2012. Long-term sickness absence was defined as ≥28 days of sickness and this information was retrieved from Swedish National Registers. Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios were calculated with analyses stratified by age.ResultsCompared with those reporting very good physical work ability, employees reporting any lower grade of physical work ability had a higher risk of long-term sickness absence across all age strata, with higher risk estimates in the highest age groups and 6-fold increased risk in the oldest age group. Similar results were found for mental work ability with an almost 4-fold increased risk in the highest age group.ConclusionsSelf-reported physical and mental poor work ability are associated with long-term sickness absence during the subsequent 10 years. The risk increases with age.
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| 45. |
- Sieurin, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Positive and negative consequences of sick leave for the individual, with special focus on part-time sick leave
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:1, s. 50-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To describe the consequences of long-term sick leave (>28 days) on working situation, health and lifestyle among employees from the public sector in Sweden. METHODS: Employees in four county councils and two municipalities on long term sick leave on 1 November 2005 (n = 1,128) answered a questionnaire in February 2006. The response rate was 71.7%. Eighty seven per cent were still on sick leave when the questionnaire was answered: 54% part time and 33% full time. RESULTS: Reporting positive consequences was rare but reporting negative consequences, such as effects on the development of salary, the possibilities of pursuing a career or to change to another job were common. Sick leave seemed to lead to a considerable loss of zest for work, even if the respondents were back in work full time. Regardless of the negative consequences at work, 92% of those on part-time sick leave believed that the part-time sick leave was good for them even if many thought it had negative consequences for employer and colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term sick leave has negative consequences for the individual in work situations, even for those back at work full time. The development of salary and career seem to be most affected. The attitude towards part-time sick leave was positive and this result indicates that there is a potential for an increased degree of partial return to work in the group of people on long-term sick leave.
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| 46. |
- Skillgate, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Is smoking and alcohol consumption associated with long-term sick leave due to unspecific back or neck pain among employees in the public sector? Results of a three-year follow-up cohort study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 41:7, s. 550-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between smoking and alcohol consumption, and long-term sick leave due to unspecific back or neck pain among employees in the public sector. DESIGN: A 3-year prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: Approximately 9000 persons in the public sector in Sweden were invited to participate. Of these, 7533 answered a questionnaire and 6532 were included in the study, classified as having "good health for working". METHODS: New periods of sick leave >or= 28 days were consecutively reported from the employers or the occupational health service during a period of 3 years. Rate ratios were estimated by means of Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: Smoking was associated with an increased risk of long-term sick leave due to unspecific back or neck pain. Compared with people who have never smoked, "ever smokers" had a higher risk (rate ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.4). Alcohol consumption tended to be associated with a decreased risk, but the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that smoking is a risk factor for long-term sick leave due to unspecific back or neck pain. Moderate alcohol consumption tends to have a protective effect, at least among women in the public sector.
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| 47. |
- Skillgate, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Life events and the risk of low back and neck/shoulder pain of the kind people are seeking care for : results from the MUSIC-Norrtalje case-control study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 61:4, s. 356-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To expand the knowledge about the occurrence of life events, and how they affect the risk of low back and neck/shoulder pain. Design: A population-based case-control study. Setting: Men and women 20-59-years old, living in and not working outside the municipality of Norrtalje, Sweden, from November 1993 to November 1997. Participants: Cases (n = 1 148) were defined as all subjects from the study base who sought healthcare for a new episode of low back and/or neck/shoulder pain by any of the care givers in the municipality. Controls (n = 1 700) were selected as a stratified random sample from the study base, considering sex and age. Study subjects were interviewed about life events and critical life changes. Critical life changes were defined as events that brought about a marked psychosocial change. Odds ratios (ORs) associated with different numbers of life events or critical life changes were calculated. Results: Having experienced at least two life events during the preceding 5 years was associated with an increased risk of neck/shoulder pain (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4). At least two critical life changes were associated with an increased risk of neck/shoulder pain (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.7). In general, no associations were observed in relation to risk of low back pain. Conclusion: Life events and critical life changes are of importance for the risk of neck/shoulder pain of the kind that people are seeking care for. The study provides useful information for clinical practice and for future aetiological research on neck/shoulder pain.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Skoglund, Leni, et al.
(författare)
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Qigong training and effects on stress, neck-shoulder pain and life quality in a computerised office environment.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Complementary therapies in clinical practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6947 .- 1744-3881. ; 17:1, s. 54-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Qigong is a Chinese health promoting exercise with a rhythmic pattern of slow movements and breathing affecting the autonomous nervous system. Objectives To examine the implementation of Qigong for half an hour daily in a computerised office, and to study effects on health state, general health, neck-shoulder and lumbar spine symptoms and stress after six weeks training Design A crossover intervention study with 37 employees randomised in two groups. A questionnaire was completed one week before starting study and every second week during the training period. After 6 weeks the first group stopped and the second group started the training. Results There was a small significant improvement of neck pain and disability following therapy. Conclusion Qigong training may reduce neck disability in office workers. A longer training period might be needed in further Qigong studies in healthy, normal populations.
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| 50. |
- Stordeur, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational configuration of hospitals succeeding in attracting and retaining nurses.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 57:1, s. 45-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This paper contrasts structural and managerial characteristics of low- and high-turnover hospitals, and describes the organizational configuration of attractive hospitals. Background. In countries facing nurse shortages and turnover, some hospitals succeed in recruiting and retaining nurses. In Magnet Hospitals, managerial practices and environmental characteristics increase nurses' job satisfaction and their commitment to the organization, which in turn decreases nurse turnover. Such an approach suggests that organizations are best understood as clusters of interconnected structures and practices, i.e. organizational configurations rather than entities whose components can be understood in isolation. Method. From a sample of 12 hospitals whose nurse turnover was studied for 1 year, structural and organizational features of hospitals in the first and fourth quartiles, i.e. attractive (turnover <3·1%) vs. conventional (turnover >11·8%) were contrasted. A questionnaire, including perceptions of health-related factors, job demands, stressors, work schedules, organizational climate, and work adjustments antecedent to turnover, was received from 401 nurses working in attractive hospitals (response rate = 53·8%) and 774 nurses in conventional hospitals (response rate = 54·5%). Findings. Structural characteristics did not differentiate attractive and conventional hospitals, but employee perceptions towards the organization differed strikingly. Differences were observed for risk exposure, emotional demands, role ambiguity and conflicts, work-family conflicts, effort-reward imbalance and the meaning of work, all in favour of attractive hospitals (P < 0·001). Relationships with nursing management, work ability and satisfaction with working time, handover shifts and schedules were also better in attractive hospitals (P < 0·001). Job satisfaction and commitment were higher in attractive hospitals, whereas burnout and intention to leave were lower (P < 0·001). Conclusion. Organizational characteristics are key factors in nurse attraction and retention. Nurses face difficulties in their work situations, but some hospitals are perceived as healthy organizations. The concept of attractive institutions could serve as a catalyst for improvement in nurses' work environments in Europe.
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