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31 recommendations for increased profit - reducing waste
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Those companies and organizations that wish to ensure long-term profitability must successively decrease resource use in both product development and in product usage. Primarily, it is waste that must be reduced, i.e. the consumption of resources that do not add to customer value or to the organization. Waste is widespread in all operations. Even in well-functioning processes, more than half of the resource consumption can be classified as waste. One obstacle to waste elimination is that most waste is hidden. Thus, executives, middle management and specialists must prioritize efforts to uncover the waste in their operations.Building and construction activities consist of a complex system of decisions, components, organizations and processes that must be coordinated. There are therefore many explanations as to why waste arises, or does not. Based on a series of discussions with experienced builders, consultants, contractors and materials providers, five main groups of factors that characterize effective operations were found. In this report these factors are illustrated in the form of a “value pyramid”. A holistic view of long-term customer benefits is the apex of the pyramid. Structure, competence, leadership and culture act as the driving forces at each corner of the pyramid’s foundation. Should one of the corners gives way, then the pyramid risks toppling over.With the value pyramid as support, 31 recommendations for what should be done to reduce waste are presented. These are aimed at standardizing the product from an overall perspective (five recommendations), defining and standardizing processes (ten recommendations), developing the organization and its competence (seven recommendations), disciplining management (five recommendations), and driving continuous improvement work (four recommendations). Reducing uncertainties and increasing effective time utilization are the red threads, as the Swedes would say, that run through all the recommendations.Everyone who uses resources has a responsibility to reduce waste. By systematically monitoring one’s own use of time, one can gain insights that will help improve one’s work situation. However, the burden of initiating and driving improvements overall obviously lies with management. How this should be done depends on the nature and purpose of the activities as well as on the organization’s capabilities. It is to manage this progress and achieve profitability that managers are appointed. It is in the interest of all enterprises and organizations to develop the ability and an interest to detect and understand what work/task is value adding what is not. This ability will provide possibilities to develop new competitive advantages and new business concepts.
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- Adam, Abderisak, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Aggregation of factors causing cost overruns and time delays in large public construction projects: Trends and implications
- 2017
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Ingår i: Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. - 1365-232X .- 0969-9988. ; 24:3, s. 393-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that cost overruns and time delays exert on large public construction projects to clarify how past and current research regard factors causing cost overruns and time delays in large public construction projects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper, which is based on an analysis of a literature selection consisting of 40 journal articles, investigates and ranks the occurrence of and the explanations for cost overruns and time delays in large public construction projects. The study makes use of a kiviat diagram/radar chart in order to visualize multivariate data.FindingsAggregated rankings of important causes of cost overruns and time delays are reported. These show a strong emphasis on the management aspect as a primary cause of cost overruns and delays. Additionally, there seems to be a trend toward deemphasizing the role of financial considerations in explaining cost overruns and delays. It is argued that there needs to be a more rigorous assessment of the impact that each factor has on cost increases and delays based on factual observed data as opposed to retrospective accounts from questionnaire respondents.Research limitations/implicationsOnly public construction projects have been considered. The results will not be directly applicable to privately funded construction projects and/or projects of a smaller size.Originality/valueThe use of trend data, as illustrated in a kiviat diagram, showing how different ranking factors causing cost overruns and time delays has changed in importance over time.
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- Adam, Abderisak, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Developing Capabilities for Public Construction Clients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on the Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 7-9 Nov 2014, Chongqing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clients in the public sector face a large number of challenges in designing, procur-ing and managing major construction projects in a manner that is conducive to the organization’s overall goals. The role of the client in bringing about successful project completion has more recently been emphasized with a growing number of studies focusing on developing dynamic client capabilities that facilitate the han-dling of a project through all of its different phases. Though the capabilities of the client carries immense importance in all con-struction projects, the importance is further exacerbated by the sheer scale of the projects involved in major construction projects, a development which has prompted governmental agencies to inquire into ways to improve processes in the client organization. To address such inquiries, this paper which is based on a literature review, ex-plores the types of dynamic capabilities that emerge with respect to public con-struction clients and in particular, if and how a specific client capability influences a specific project outcome. The mapping of capabilities constitutes a theoretical foundation for a forthcoming empirical study on the same topic.
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| 6. |
- Adam, Abderisak, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of cost overruns and time delays on major public construction projects
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on the Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 7-9 Nov 2014, Chongqing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For decades, the construction industry has been characterized by costs exceeding budgetary limits and completion times reaching further than what was set out ini-tially. This has been particularly noticeable for large public construction projects where cost overruns and time delays have long been regarded a common occur-rence. Due to the magnitude and frequency of these overruns, they have come to pose a significant financial risk to both clients and contractors, in addition to the impact exerted on the sustainability of the project. In dealing with this, researchers, auditors and practitioners have suggested a broad range of solutions, ranging from technical and economical to psychological and political approaches. In doing so, the contractor’s role has been emphasized whereas the role of the client organization has often been overlooked. This paper which is based on a literature review investigates the occurrence of and the expla-nations for cost overruns and time delays in major construction projects from the public client’s perspective. It also explores the implications of cost overruns and time delays; the purpose of which is to offer an extended understanding of the re-lationship between the client’s actions and effects on cost, time and sustainability parameters.
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- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Construction Economics and Organization, Proceedings of the Nordic Seminar on Construction Economics and Management 12-13 April 1999
- 1999
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Construction for the Public Sector, Environment and Human Aspects of the Construction Process are the three main themes of the Nordic Seminar on Construction Economics and Organization, arranged in April 1999 by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Clients and relations, system tools, the individual in the organization, procurement, environmental requirements and analysis, innovations, knowledge and communication are dealt with by contributors. The Seminar has been aimed at researchers, industry practioners and others interested in management issues in Nordic construction.
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| 12. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying management research prioirities
- 2005
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - 1466-433X .- 0144-6193. ; 23:8, s. 793-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Carlsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Why do we communicate in building projects?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Construction Economics and Organization, Proceedings of the 2nd Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization 24-25 April 2001, Göteborg, Sweden. ; , s. 165-172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Dahl, Jonathan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Managers and craftsmen perceptions of operational strategies based on lean philosophy: The case of a large Swedish construction company
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The 19th International Symposium on the Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 7-9 Nov 2014, Chongqing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organisations implement operational strategies in order to develop and stay competitive in a changing business environment. However, the strategy needs to be anchored and understood by the employees in order to become successful on a long-term basis. This paper is based on a case study of a large construction company specialised in new construction of multi-dwelling buildings. Five years ago, the company initiated Structured Production, which is an operational strategy based on lean philosophy. The aim of the paper is to identify how middle managers, lower managers and craftsmen perceive how operational strategies is implemented in the company. First, the strategy and the rational behind the decision to implement the strategy is presented. This section is based on document analysis as well as on interviews with upper managers in the company. Then, middle managers, lower managers and craftsmen’ perceptions of the strategy is presented. This section is based on a questionnaire study made 2014. The study shows that the strategy is perceived to focus on structuring and standardising products and processes, while less focus is on the organisation and its members.
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| 25. |
- Frödell, Mikael, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Integration barriers for purchasing organisation in a large construction company: towards requisite disintegration
- 2013
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - 0809-7259. ; 7:1, s. 46-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing the purchasing organisation is an ongoing challenge for large contractors where internal and external perspectives need to interplay. The aim of this paper is two-fold: firstly, the development of a theoretical framework to characterise the purchasing organisation and secondly, to analyse the limited adoption of integrated purchasing through an analysis of barriers to integration. The theoretical standpoint is underpinned by purchasing organisation theory and by literature on internal and external integration as well as barriers to integration. Based on a two-year case study, the paper presents the status of the purchasing organisation and the barriers to further integration as originating from the strategic purchasers of the contractor. The perceived barriers question full integration internally and externally. The perceived barriers encompass low framework agreement status compared to orders, inconsistent ways of working in the projects and dispersed geographical location and sub-markets. The barriers to integration stem from both attitudinal and industrial matters, whilst institutional barriers are not identified. The paper therefore proposes a differentiated, requisitely disintegrated, purchasing organisation designed to manage the diverse supplier population. In contrast to those advocating a tighter internal and external integration, this paper suggests a requisite balance between integration and specialisation of the purchasing activities.
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| 26. |
- Frödell, Mikael, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Reproduction of exchange relationships: Changing focus from organisations to individuals
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Joint CIB International Conference: Management of Construction: Research to Practice, 26-29 June 2012, Montreal, Canada. - 9782981335517
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- That organisations collaborate on a firm to firm basis is an assumption which underpins much of theliterature on inter-organisational relationships and supply chain integration, both in the genericliterature as well as in the construction oriented. The exchange relationships on an organisationallevel, however, are constituted of one or several interactions on interpersonal level. With theinterpersonal level as unit of analysis, this paper aims to answer how dyadic exchange relationshipsare produced and reproduced.Investigation of dyadic exchange relationships between contractors and subcontractors has beenconducted through 15 interviews with site managers from the contractors and foremen from thesubcontractors. Findings show that the individuals within both dyads of the exchange relationshipplay important roles in the outcome of the project and the specific relationship. Despite this, theorganisational focus of procurement of subcontractors tends to be highly price-driven. Site managersand subcontractors’ foremen, however, tend to bypass the price-driven procurement approaches byoffering their preferred counterparts possibilities to recalculate their quotations and adapting pricesaccording to individuals.By narrowing the range of procured subcontractors and focusing on the use of core teams based onmatching of individuals within the teams, a potential improvement in the construction supply chaincan be seen. By changing the focus of the concurrent research within construction management fromorganisational level towards interpersonal level, new perspectives may also be elucidated andexchange relationships between contractors and subcontractors might be better understood andexplained.
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| 28. |
- Fröjdendahl, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Byggarbetsledarens situation – är den möjlig att förändra?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Construction Economics and Organiization, Proceedings of the Nordic Seminar on Construction Economics and Organization 12-13 April 1999, Göteborg, Sweden. ; , s. 147-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960
(författare)
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Causes of defects in construction - a study of seven building projects in Sweden
- 1998
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is based on a study of defects and defect costs in seven building projects in Sweden. Special observers collected information on 3000 defects found on site. The causes were primarily ascribed to the individuals’ actions, knowledge, information and motivation. Lack of motivation was found to be the most common cause. Almost 100 interviews were made with key persons in the projects to find the underlying causes of defects. The causes were mainly found in how the project organisation was structured. Unstable organisations were found to create uncertainty. Four types of organisational instability were identified; gaps in vertical relationships, gaps in horizontal relationships, organisation not created in time, and changes in the organisation.The current market situation caused large time and cost pressure. It influenced how the organisation was structured and how the individuals were acting. Individual causes, as well as organisational causes, are discussed.
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| 37. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960
(författare)
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Defects and defect costs in construction - a study of seven building projects in Sweden
- 1998
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, results from a study of defects occurring on construction sites are presented. Seven building projects were monitored during the production phase. 2,879 defects were collected, analysed and fully described. Their cost corresponds to 4.4% of the production cost. The time to correct them corresponds to 7% of the total working time. The defects are further analysed according to origin, type and position, as well as according to element of building and activity. Most defects could be ascribed to design and to production management. Common defect types were lack of coordinating design work, mistakes in production planning, erroneous workmanship and late deliveries. The defect cost was high in roofs and in concrete drilling. The possibility to reduce the cost of defects is discussed.
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| 39. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960
(författare)
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Effective management of building production – Two case studies
- 1999
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Ingår i: Customer satisfaction: A focus for research & practice in construction, Proceedings of a Joint Triennial Symposium CIB W65 and W55 in Cape Town 5-10 September 1999. ; , s. 706-715
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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How to detect humans errors earlier?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Construction Economics and Organization, Proceedings of the 2nd Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization 24-25 April 2001, Göteborg, Sweden. ; , s. 211-218
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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How to reduce waste of resources in construction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transformation through construction. Joint 2008 CIB W065/W055 Symposium Proceedings, Dubai 15-17 Nov 2008. - 9780956106704
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960
(författare)
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Långsiktig framgång - reducera fel och slöseri i byggandet
- 2013
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Företag och andra organisationer lever med krav och förväntningar på att leverera allt högre kundvärde och att samtidigt förbruka allt färre resurser. Långsiktig framgång syftar i den här boken på att utveckla och fullfölja en genomtänkt strategi för att möta båda dessa krav. Boken handlar i första hand om hur företag kan minska resursförbrukningen genom att minska förekomsten av fel och slöseri, dvs sådan förbrukning av resurser som inte tillför värde för kunden.Att minska slöseri är en ledarskapsfråga, inte minst genom att träna medarbetarna att se den verkliga resursförbrukningen i de egna processerna och att kunna förstå på vilket sätt den tillför värde för kunden. Boken syftar därför till att inspirera och vägleda företagsledare och medarbetare hos företag och andra organisationer till att öka sin konkurrenskraft genom att faktiskt reducera volymen fel och slöseri i sina processer. Men den riktar sig också till högskole- och universitetsstudenter som vill skaffa nya perspektiv på byggande och byggprocesser.
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| 49. |
- Josephson, Per-Erik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Lära av projekt väg till framgång
- 2004
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Ingår i: Husbyggaren. ; :6, s. 26-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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