| 1. |
- Van de Velde, D, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring participation as defined by the World Health Organization in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Psychometric properties of the Ghent Participation Scale
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0873 .- 0269-2155. ; 31:3, s. 379-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity and responsiveness of the Ghent Participation Scale. Design: Cross-sectional study with a test–retest sample. Setting: Six outpatient rehabilitation centres in Belgium. Subjects: A total of 365 outpatients from eight diagnostic groups. Measures: The Ghent Participation Scale, the Impact on Participation and Autonomy, the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation and the Medical outcome study Short Form SF-36. Results: The Ghent Participation Scale was found to have good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α between 0.75 and 0.83). At item level, the test–retest reliability was good; weighted kappas ranged between 0.57 and 0.88. On the dimension level intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.80 and 0.90. Evidence for construct validity came from high correlations between the subscales of the Ghent Participation Scale and four subscales of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (range, r = −0.71 to −0.87) and two subscales of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (range, r = 0.54 to 0.72). Standardized response mean ranged between 0.23 and 0.68 and the area under the curve ranged between 68% and 88%. Conclusion: The Ghent Participation Scale appears to be a valid and reliable method of assessing participation irrespective of the respondent’s health condition. The Ghent Participation Scale is responsive and is able to detect changes over time.
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| 2. |
- Alsaker, S, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation and Meaning: Narrative in Everyday Activities of Women With Chronic Rheumatic Conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492. ; 30:2, s. 58-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This ethnographic study explored how processes of meaning take place in the everyday activities of women with chronic rheumatic conditions. Using the French philosopher Ricoeur's theory of narrative in action, the results showed how processes of meaning were closely linked to action and how the participants enacted possible meaning-related stories in their everyday lives. When enacting meaning, the women linked together events in ways that varied according to the situation. Thus, the enacted processes of meaning were not goal directed or clear but rather complex processes embedded in the women's network of cultural activity. Sometimes they enacted meaning as part of a complete story; at other times, meaning appeared as fragments with unclear connections. The results were relevant for occupational science and occupational therapy because the women's everyday activities functioned as interpretative spaces providing opportunities for “trying out” significant issues of meaning and to communicate with their social and material worlds.
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| 3. |
- Alsaker, S, et al.
(författare)
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Studying narrative-in-action in women with chronic rheumatic conditions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Qualitative health research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 19:8, s. 1154-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we aim to sculpt a possible methodology for studying how a good everyday life comes about when living with chronic rheumatic conditions (CRC). Our “how” focus acknowledges a woman with CRC as one member of a diverse population, whereby we question the biomedically based view that she differs from the population. The more frequently asked “what” question colors study designs and results in categories and characteristics regarding what she is able to do and what adaptations she has made in everyday life as a consequence of her disease. Adopting a narrative approach, we ask how a good everyday life comes about, and illustrate this with ethnographic material of the everyday activities of women living with CRC. We conceptualize narrative as embedded in the process of enacting activities. Furthermore, we highlight hermeneutical interpretative processes of how meaning works in the stream of everyday action.
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| 12. |
- Vikstrom, S, et al.
(författare)
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Caregivers' self-initiated support toward their partners with dementia when performing an everyday occupation together at home
- 2005
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492. ; 25:4, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify the support caregivers provide by their own initiative when performing an everyday occupation together with their partner who has dementia. This is to identify what type of self-initiated caregiver support enhances or limits the performance of the person with dementia. Thirty cohabitating couples participated. One of the spouses in each couple was the primary caregiver for a partner with mild to moderate dementia. Observational data were collected in the participants' homes, where each couple was asked to prepare afternoon tea together. The performances were documented by video and supplementary field notes. Data were analyzed using a qualitative comparative approach. The results of the analyses identified two major themes related to support the caregivers provided: provision of a supportive working climate and provision of practical support. A third theme was related to negative aspects of caregiver support. The results of this study have implications for how occupational therapists and caregivers in dementia care can support and guide primary caregivers in their homes.
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| 14. |
- Alwin, J, et al.
(författare)
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Health economic and process evaluation of AT interventions for persons with dementia and their relatives : A suggested assessment model
- 2007
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Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - 1055-4181. ; 19:2-3, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing interest in assistive technology (AT) as a means of enabling participation in everyday activities for persons with dementia and their relatives. Health economic assessment of AT in dementia is of importance due to the consequences of the disease for both patients and relatives and to the high societal costs for dementia care. The aim of this article is to outline a model for assessment of AT interventions for persons with dementia. The model expands existing assessment models as it also includes evaluation of the intervention process. Methodological challenges and possibilities in making health economic assessments, including outcomes and costs, as well as process evaluation, are discussed in the article.
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| 15. |
- Bontje, P, et al.
(författare)
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Cocreation from Emerging Opportunities: Occupational Therapists' Perspectives on Supporting Older Persons, in Japan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 2022, s. 5495055-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Practices of occupational therapists, particularly those supporting older persons with physical impairments, remain overly focused on remediating impairments, and implementation of occupation-centered practices remains fraught with difficulties. In Japan, this issue exists across the continuum from acute care to rehabilitation settings and into the community. This is despite the existence of international models and frameworks that place occupation at the core of the profession. Accordingly, there is a need to better understand how occupational therapists respond to the call for occupation-centered practices across the said continuum of care with this population. The aim of this study was at exploring and understanding occupational therapists’ experiences of supporting the resumption of occupations among older persons with physical impairments, in Japan. Methods. Embedded in a constructivist world view, this was a qualitative focus group study. Four focus groups (two in urban areas and one each in rural and semirural areas), consisting of seven or eight occupational therapists with at least three years of relevant practice experience, convened twice to narrate and explore their support of older persons. All were participating voluntarily with confidentiality of their participation being guaranteed by the researchers. They met for a third time to verify emerging analytic results. Data were analysed using a reflective thematic analysis. Results. Identified were three themes, namely, calling forth powers of occupations, imagining client’s future, and cocreating plots, which we synthesized into recurring cocreations from emerging opportunities. Discussion. Supporting the resumption of occupations among older persons with physical impairments hinges on repeated processes of identifying possibilities for occupation, followed by actions to bring these (e.g., images of clients’ future) into reality. Occupations’ healing properties (i.e., occupations’ powers) can be used to assist clients in experiencing health and well-being. The results suggest a reframing of occupational therapy practices as recurring processes of recognizing opportunities for occupation, followed by actions whereby these possibilities are turned into reality. Occupational therapy effectiveness might be enhanced when goals and methods are repeatedly and creatively aligned with the evolving plots cocreated between the client, therapist, and stakeholders.
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- Echsel, A, et al.
(författare)
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"Together on the Way": Occupational Therapy in Mainstream Education-A Narrative Study of Emerging Practice in Switzerland
- 2019
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Ingår i: Occupational therapy international. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1557-0703 .- 0966-7903. ; 2019, s. 7464607-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Switzerland, recent changes in legislation have reformed special needs education; more children with special needs are now integrated into mainstream schools. Health professionals such as occupational therapists are not embedded in the Swiss education system, but pediatric occupational therapists are starting to work at schools, with the aim of enabling children’s full participation as school students. This is bringing a change to the practice of pediatric occupational therapists. Cultural, political, and social factors differ in many ways from those of other countries where most of the current research on pediatric occupational therapists in mainstream education has been conducted. The need for school-based research that is situated within the political, structural, and cultural context of a country has been stressed in different studies. This qualitative study employed narrative analysis to explore the practice experiences and clinical reasoning of Swiss pediatric occupational therapists when working with children with special needs in the school context. Three main themes were identified in the narratives: “bringing in an occupational therapy perspective,” “focusing on school-related occupations,” and “collaborating with different inclusion players.” These represent three different aspects of the therapists’ emerging practice. The participants highlight different approaches for children with special needs to enable their participation in everyday life at school through learning, playing, and being with their peers. The findings are discussed in relation to current international research and with respect to European countries with a similar political and structural context, thus complementing approaches to school-based occupational therapy.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Gahnstrom-Strandqvist, K, et al.
(författare)
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Stories of clients with mental illness: The structure of occupational therapists' interactions
- 2004
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492 .- 1938-2383. ; 24:4, s. 134-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to examine therapist—client interactions in the psychosocial rehabilitation process. Data comprised narratives of clients with severe mental illness as told by the therapists. Some additional data were taken from field notes collected at the interviews. Narrative analysis was based on Ricoeur's concept of mimesis. An occupational therapy perspective was employed to both generate and interpret the narratives. One of the key findings highlighted how occupational therapists' actions functioned as emplotment—supporting the clients in handling the suspense they experienced. This suspense inhibited them from taking risks and thus hindered them in taking the next step in the rehabilitation process. Another key finding was the importance of designing a supportive, tolerant, and safe therapeutic environment that could enable clients the opportunity to grow. The essential roles of the occupational therapists in this context were role model, supervisor, and overall collaborator. The narrative approach has exposed some of the important therapist—client interactions that benefit clients with severe mental illness.
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| 25. |
- JOSEPHSSON, S, et al.
(författare)
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EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN DEMENTIA
- 1995
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Ingår i: OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 0276-1599. ; 15:1, s. 36-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Model of Human Occupation was used as a conceptual model for an intervention program to support performance of activities of daily living in four patients with dementia at varying stages of development. The program focused on relatively well preserved functions in dementia (e.g., motor skills, procedural memory). Other important features included (a) the provision of environmental support, and (b) the consideration of subjects' habits and motivation. Intervention-related gains were evaluated using parts of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) instrument and an assessment of the amount of support required for task performance. The results showed some intervention-related gains in three of four patients. The gains were parallelled by a decrease in the amout of support required for task performance. The results support the notion that performance of everyday activities in dementia may be enhanced with proper intervention.
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| 26. |
- Josephsson, S
(författare)
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Supporting everyday activities in dementia
- 1996
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 8 Suppl 1, s. 141-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementing disorders such as Alzheimer's disease have an enormous impact on the everyday life of the person affected, on his or her family members, and on the staff involved in providing daily care (Borell, 1992). Cognitive dysfunction resulting from dementing diseases, such as memory problems, interferes greatly with the performance of most activities of daily living. The field of occupational therapy has developed a variety of intervention programs addressing everyday activities for persons with dementia. A review of the relevant literature shows, however, that even if the need for such interventions is acknowledged (Porszt-Miron et al., 1988) and an outline for the intervention is described (Bryant, 1991; Rogers et al., 1987), there are few studies evaluating the efficacy and functional relevance of such interventions. Consequently, one urgent task for research is to identify and evaluate intervention strategies addressing occupational functioning among persons with dementia disorders.
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| 29. |
- la Cour, K, et al.
(författare)
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Everyday Lives of People With Advanced Cancer: Activity, Time, Location, and Experience
- 2009
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Ingår i: OTJR-OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL OF RESEARCH. - : SAGE Publications. - 1539-4492. ; 29:4, s. 154-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study described and explored the everyday activities of people with advanced cancer in relation to time, location, social engagement, and experience. Forty-five adult participants with a diagnosis of advanced cancer were sampled from an oncology outpatient unit. Data were collected with a time use method that involved diaries and interviews. Data were analyzed using a software program describing time use combined with a constant comparative method. The results showed that the participants' days were spent mostly at home and were dominated by self-care and leisure, with social engagement limited to immediate family and close friends. The participants' daily rhythm was identified as closely linked to their experience of satisfaction and consisted of both routine and novel activities. For healthcare services, the results suggest a need for developing services to support people with severe illness in creating and maintaining personal rhythms.
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| 30. |
- la Cour, K, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of engagement in creative activity at a palliative care facility
- 2007
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Ingår i: Palliative & supportive care. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1478-9515 .- 1478-9523. ; 5:3, s. 241-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the meanings that people with advanced cancer ascribe to engaging in creative activity in palliative occupational therapy.Methods: Sixteen interviews were conducted with eight participants over a period of 8–12 months. Participants were asked to narrate about their engagement in creative activities at a palliative intervention program. Transcribed interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological method.Results: Engagement in creative activities was found to ease life in proximity to death for persons with advanced cancer and limited survival time. For the participants, creativity meant that some of the consequences of incurable cancer could be confronted and alternative potentials could be explored and acknowledged. This occurred in an ongoing process of creating alternative ways to deal with life.Significance of results: Creative activity is a means for participants to develop ways to adapt and cope with declining physical abilities and existential concerns through working with their hands and bodies. This complements the often negative focus in palliative phases of cancer with an understanding of how enriching aspects of life can be maintained. The results highlight how people in palliative care experience their engagement in creative activity in the form of crafts, and how such engagements may be a significant tool for finding alternative ways to handle challenges in ongoing life.
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| 43. |
- Vik, K, et al.
(författare)
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Agency and engagement: older adults' experiences of participation in occupation during home-based rehabilitation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapie. - : SAGE Publications. - 0008-4174. ; 75:5, s. 262-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Participation is considered the main goal of rehabilitation and occupational therapy intervention. This study focuses on older adults' participation in occupations in daily life when receiving home-based rehabilitation.Purpose. To explore how older adults with disabilities participate in daily life subsequent to hospitalization.Methods. A prospective case-orientated design was used, with repeated interviews with three older adults and a constant comparative method of analysis.Findings. Two main categories emerged as the participants' experience of participation: “Continuing to be an agent in daily life” captured the participants' decision making, choosing, and acting in daily life. “Life itself is the agent” identified how the participants, despite their strong wishes to be agents, also could let their participation be directed by their engagement in ongoing daily life.Implications. The findings identified participation as a dynamic engagement ranging from individual agency, including decision-making, choosing, and acting in daily life, to letting life itself be the agent. The emphasis on agency in the participants' experiences challenges rehabilitation professionals to find further means of facilitating the clients' possibilities of being agents in their daily lives.
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