| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 7. |
- Berg, Malin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Replacement of a Tracheal Stenosis with a Tissue-Engineered Human Trachea Using Autologous Stem Cells: A Case Report
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tissue Engineering. Part A. - 1937-3341 .- 1937-335X. ; 20:1-2, s. 389-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-based therapies, involving tissue engineering represent interesting and potentially important strategies for treatment of patients with various disorders. Here, using a detergent-enzymatic method we prepared an intact 3-dimensional scaffold of an extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from a human cadaver donor trachea, which we repopulated with autologous stem cells and implanted into a 76-year old patient with tracheal stenosis including lower part of the larynx. Although the graft provided the patient with an open airway, a week after surgery, the mucous membrane of the graft was covered by a 1-2mm thick fungal infection, which was treated with local and systemic anti-fungal therapy. The airway lumen was postoperatively controlled by fiberbrandoscopy and found stable and sufficient. However, twenty-three days later the patient died due to cardiac arrest but with a patent, open, stable tracheal transplant and intact anastomoses. Histopathological results of the transplanted tracheal graft at autopsy showed a squamous but not ciliated epithelium, neovascularization, bundles of -sma positive muscle cells, serous glands and nerve fibres with S-100 positive nerve cells in the submucosa and intact chondrocytes in the cartilage. Our findings suggest that although autologous stem cells- engineered tracheal matrices may represent a tool for clinical tracheal replacement. Further preclinical studies are required for generating functional airway grafts and long term effects of such grafts.
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| 8. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Joshi, Meghnad, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Chemokine-Mediated Robust Augmentation of Liver Engraftment: A Novel Approach.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stem cells translational medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2157-6564 .- 2157-6580. ; 4:1, s. 21-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective repopulation of the liver is essential for successful clinical hepatocyte transplantation. The objective was to improve repopulation of the liver with human hepatocytes using chemokines. We used flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assays to identify commonly expressed chemokine receptors on human fetal and adult hepatocytes. The migratory capacity of the cells to various chemokines was tested. For in vivo studies, we used a nude mouse model of partial hepatectomy followed by intraparenchymal injections of chemokine ligands at various concentrations. Human fetal liver cells transformed with human telomerase reverse transcriptase were used for intrasplenic cell transplantation. Repopulation and functionality were assessed 4 weeks after transplantation. The receptor CXCR3 was commonly expressed on both fetal and adult hepatocytes. Both cell types migrated efficiently toward corresponding CXC chemokine ligands 9, 10, and 11. In vivo, animals injected with recombinant chemokines showed the highest cell engraftment compared with controls (p < .05). The engrafted cells expressed several human hepatic markers such as cytokeratin 8 and 18 and albumin as well as transferrin, UGT1A1, hepatocyte nuclear factor (1α, 1β, and 4α), cytochrome CYP3A1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (α and β), and human albumin compared with controls. No inflammatory cells were detected in the livers at 4 weeks after transplantation. The improved repopulation of transplanted cells is likely a function of the chemokines to mediate cell homing and retention in the injured liver and might be an attractive strategy to augment repopulation of transplanted hepatocytes in vivo.
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| 12. |
- Joshi, Meghnad, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal liver-derived mesenchymal stromal cells augment engraftment of transplanted hepatocytes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cytotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-2566 .- 1465-3249. ; 14:6, s. 657-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One important problem commonly encountered after hepatocyte transplantation is the low numbers of transplanted cells found in the graft. If hepatocyte transplantation is to be a viable therapeutic approach, significant liver parenchyma repopulation is required. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) produce high levels of various growth factors, cytokines and metalloproteinases, and have immunomodulatory effects. We therefore hypothesized that co-transplantation of MSC with human fetal hepatocytes (hFH) could augment in vivo expansion after transplantation. We investigated the ability of human fetal liver MSC (hFLMSC) to augment expansion of phenotypically and functionally well-characterized hFH.
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| 13. |
- Joshi, Satya Krishna, et al.
(författare)
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Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization for MISO Downlink Cellular Networks via Branch and Bound
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 60:4, s. 2090-2095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of weighted sum-rate maximization (WSRMax) in multicell downlink multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems is considered. The problem is known to be NP-hard. We propose a method, based on branch and bound technique, which solves globally the nonconvex WSRMax problem with an optimality certificate. Specifically, the algorithm computes a sequence of asymptotically tight upper and lower bounds and it terminates when the difference between them falls below a pre-specified tolerance. Novel bounding techniques via conic optimization are introduced and their efficiency is demonstrated by numerical simulations. The proposed method can be used to provide performance benchmarks by back-substituting it into many existing network design problems which relies on WSRMax problem. The method proposed here can be easily extended to maximize any system performance metric that can be expressed as a Lipschitz continuous and increasing function of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
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| 14. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 15. |
- Kottayil, Ajil, et al.
(författare)
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A new technique for temperature and humidity profile retrieval from infrared sounder observations using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. - 0196-2892 .- 1558-0644. ; 48:4, s. 1650-1659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accuracy of the atmospheric profiles of temperature and humidity, retrieved from infrared sounder observations using physical retrieval algorithm, depend primarily on the quality of the first guess profiles. In the past, forecasts from the numerical weather prediction models were extensively used as the first guess. During past few years, the first guess for physical retrieval is being estimated using regression techniques from sounder observations. In the present study, a new non-linear technique has been described to improve the first guess using simulated infrared brightness temperatures for GOES-12 Sounder channels. The present technique uses fuzzy logic and data clustering to establish a relationship between simulated sounder observations and atmospheric profiles. This relationship is further strengthened using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) by fine-tuning the existing fuzzy rule base. The results of ANFIS retrieval have been compared with the non-linear (polynomial) regression retrieval. It has been found that ANFIS is more robust and shows remarkable improvement as it reduces RMS error by 20% in humidity profiles retrieval compared to the non-linear regression technique. In addition, it has been shown that the ANFIS technique has an added advantage of its global application without any need for training data classification that is required in the regression techniques.
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| 16. |
- Patil, Pradeep B, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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CD271 identifies functional human hepatic stellate cells, which localize in pen-sinusoidal and portal areas in liver after partial hepatectomy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cytotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1465-3249 .- 1477-2566. ; 16:7, s. 990-999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background aims. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are liver-resident mesenchymal cells involved in essential processes in the liver. However, knowledge concerning these cells in human livers is limited because of the lack of a simple isolation method. Methods. We isolated fetal and adult human liver cells by immunomagnetic beads coated with antibodies to a mesenchymal stromal cell marker (CD271) to enrich a population of HSCs. The cells were characterized by cell cultivation, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Cells were injected into nude mice after partial hepatectomy to study in vivo localization of the cells. Results. In vitro, CD271(+) cells were lipid-containing cells expressing several HSC markers: the glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin but negative for CK8, albumin and hepatocyte antigen. The cells produced several inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-3 and inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. In vivo, fetal CD271(+) cells were found in the pen-sinusoidal space and around portal vessels, whereas adult CD271(+) cells were found mainly in the portal connective tissue and in the walls of the portal vessels, which co-localized with alpha-smooth muscle actin or desmin. CD271(-) cells did not show this pattern of distribution in the liver parenchyma. Conclusions. The described protocol establishes a method for isolation of mesenchymal cell precursors for hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. These cells provide a novel culture system to study human hepatic fibrogenesis, gene expression and transcription factors controlling HSC regulation.
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| 17. |
- Patil, Pradeep B, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic and in vivo functional characterization of immortalized human fetal liver cells.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 49:6, s. 705-714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract We report the establishment and characterization of immortalized human fetal liver progenitor cells by expression of the Simian virus 40 large T (SV40 LT) antigen. Well-characterized cells at various passages were transplanted into nude mice with acute liver injury and tested for functional capacity. The SV40LT antigen-immortalized fetal liver cells showed a morphology similar to primary cells. Cultured cells demonstrated stable phenotypic expression in various passages, of hepatic markers such as albumin, CK 8, CK18, transcription factors HNF-4α and HNF-1α and CYP3A/7. The cells did not stain for any of the tested cancer-associated markers. Albumin, HNF-4α and CYP3A7 expression was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry showed expression of some progenitor cell markers. In vivo study showed that the cells expressed both fetal and differentiated hepatocytes markers. Our study suggests new approaches to expand hepatic progenitor cells, analyze their fate in animal models aiming at cell therapy of hepatic diseases.
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| 18. |
- Thapliyal, Pradeep K., et al.
(författare)
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An algorithm for the estimation of upper tropospheric humidity from Kalpana observations : Methodology and validation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 116:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a methodology for estimating the upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) for a layer between 500 and 200 hPa from observations in the water vapor channel (5.6–7.2 μm) of the Indian geostationary satellite, Kalpana. Radiative transfer simulations for different UTH conditions have been used to develop the relationship between water vapor channel radiances and UTH. A new technique has been described to include the normalized reference pressure in the algorithm, to account for latitudinal variation of temperature that is derived from a diverse radiosonde profiles data set and is a polynomial function of the latitude for different months. This has an advantage that the forecast or analysis profiles from the operational numerical weather prediction model are not required to compute the normalized reference pressure. The operationally retrieved UTH products have been extensively compared and validated for the period of 1 March to 1 May 2009, using Meteosat-7 UTH products over the Indian Ocean and the UTH computed from the radiosonde profiles. The results suggest that UTH estimates from Kalpana match very well with the Meteosat-7 UTH products having RMS difference of ∼6%. Validation with the UTH computed from the radiosonde observed relative humidity shows that the RMS error of Kalpana UTH is 9.6% and the mean bias is −3.0%. Similar validation of Meteosat-7 UTH with the same set of radiosonde derived UTH shows an RMS error of 13.3% and the bias of −6.5%, which is higher in comparison to the Kalpana UTH.
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| 19. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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