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1.	Klionsky, Daniel J, et al. (författare) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). 2016 Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 12:1, s. 1-222 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
2.	Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy 2012 Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
3.	Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare) Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density 2020 Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
4.	Jakobsson, J., et al. (författare) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1 2021 Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 17:1, s. 1-382 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
5.	Sampson, Joshua N., et al. (författare) Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types 2015 Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
6.	2019 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
7.	Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al. (författare) Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. 2015 Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
8.	Lozano, Rafael, et al. (författare) Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
9.	Murray, Christopher J. L., et al. (författare) Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
10.	Vos, Theo, et al. (författare) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 2015 Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
11.	Wang, Zhaoming, et al. (författare) Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33 2014 Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
12.	Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, et al. (författare) A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. 2004 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 432:7018, s. 717-22 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
13.	Fullman, Nancy, et al. (författare) Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 2018 Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Lancet Publishing Group. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 391:10136, s. 2236-2271 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
14.	Hu, Jiwen, et al. (författare) Rapid detection of mercury (II) ions and water content by a new rhodamine B-based fluorescent chemosensor 2020 Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 241 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A rhodamine B-based sensor (RS) was designed and synthesized by a combination of the spirolacton rhodamine B (fluorophore) and multidentate chelates (ionophore) with high affinity towards Hg2+. In the presence of Hg2+, the resulting red-orange fluorescence (under UV light) and naked eye red color of IDS are supposed to be used for quantitative and qualitative measurement of Hg2+. Further fluorescent titration and analysis demonstrate that RS can selectively detect Hg2+ within 1 s with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM in acetonitrile media, meanwhile, the association constant (K-a) was calculated to be 0.32 x 10(5) M-1. More importantly, the resultant complex (RSHg) of RS and Hg2+ has also been successfully applied to detect limited water content in acetonitrile solution. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
15.	Machiela, Mitchell J., et al. (författare) Characterization of Large Structural Genetic Mosaicism in Human Autosomes 2015 Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 96:3, s. 487-497 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have revealed that detectable genetic mosaicism involving large (>2 Mb) structural autosomal alterations occurs in a fraction of individuals. We present results for a set of 24,849 genotyped individuals (total GWAS set II [TGSII]) in whom 341 large autosomal abnormalities were observed in 168 (0.68%) individuals. Merging data from the new TGSII set with data from two prior reports (the Gene-Environment Association Studies and the total GWAS set I) generated a large dataset of 127,179 individuals; we then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of detectable autosomal mosaicism (n = 1,315 events in 925 [0.73%] individuals). Restricting to events >2 Mb in size, we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased. The combined results underscore that the rate of detectable mosaicism increases with age (p value = 5.5 x 3 10(-31)) and is higher in men (p value = 0.002) but lower in participants of African ancestry (p value = 0.003). In a subset of 47 individuals from whom serial samples were collected up to 6 years apart, complex changes were noted over time and showed an overall increase in the proportion of mosaic cells as age increased. Our large combined sample allowed for a unique ability to characterize detectable genetic mosaicism involving large structural events and strengthens the emerging evidence of non-random erosion of the genome in the aging population.
16.	Naghavi, Mohsen, et al. (författare) Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 2015 Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
17.	Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al. (författare) Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
18.	Xu, Weidong, 1988-, et al. (författare) Rational molecular passivation for high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes 2019 Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : Springer Nature Publishing AG. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 13:6, s. 418-424 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A major efficiency limit for solution-processed perovskite optoelectronic devices, for example light-emitting diodes, is trap-mediated non-radiative losses. Defect passivation using organic molecules has been identified as an attractive approach to tackle this issue. However, implementation of this approach has been hindered by a lack of deep understanding of how the molecular structures influence the effectiveness of passivation. We show that the so far largely ignored hydrogen bonds play a critical role in affecting the passivation. By weakening the hydrogen bonding between the passivating functional moieties and the organic cation featuring in the perovskite, we significantly enhance the interaction with defect sites and minimize non-radiative recombination losses. Consequently, we achieve exceptionally high-performance near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes with a record external quantum efficiency of 21.6%. In addition, our passivated perovskite light-emitting diodes maintain a high external quantum efficiency of 20.1% and a wall-plug efficiency of 11.0% at a high current density of 200 mA cm−2, making them more attractive than the most efficient organic and quantum-dot light-emitting diodes at high excitations.
19.	Bentham, James, et al. (författare) A century of trends in adult human height 2016 Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
20.	Bentham, James, et al. (författare) A century of trends in adult human height 2016 Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
21.	Chang, Jui-Che, et al. (författare) Orthorhombic Ta3-xN5-yOy thin films grown by unbalanced magnetron sputtering : The role of oxygen on structure, composition, and optical properties 2021 Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 406 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Direct growth of orthorhombic Ta3N5-type Ta-O-N compound thin films, specifically Ta3-xN5-yOy, on Si and sapphire substrates with various atomic fractions is realized by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Low-degree fiber-textural Ta3-xN5-yOy films were grown through reactive sputtering of Ta in a gas mixture of N-2, Ar, and O-2 with keeping a partial pressure ratio of 3:2:0.1 in a total working pressure range of 5-30 mTorr. With increasing total pressure from 5 to 30 mTorr, the atomic fraction of O in the as-grown Ta3-xN5-yOy films was found to increase from 0.02 to 0.15 while that of N and Ta decrease from 0.66 to 0.54 and 0.33 to 0.31, respectively, leading to a decrease in b lattice constant up to around 1.3%. Metallic TaNx phases were formed without oxygen. For a working pressure of 40 mTorr, an amorphous, O-rich Ta-N-O compound film with a high O fraction of similar to 0.48, was formed, mixed with non-stoichiometric TaON and Ta2O5. By analyzing the plasma discharge, the increasing O incorporation is associated with oxide formation on top of the Ta target due to a higher reactivity of Ta with O than with N. The increase of O incorporation in the films also leads to a optical bandgap widening from similar to 2.22 to similar to 2.96 eV, which is in agreement with the compositional and structural changes from a crystalline Ta3-xN5-yOy to an amorphous O-rich Ta-O-N compound.
22.	Chen, Jian, et al. (författare) AXL promotes Zika virus infection in astrocytes by antagonizing type I interferon signalling 2018 Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-5276. ; 3:3, s. 302-309 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome(1,2). While progress has been made in understanding the causal link between ZIKV infection and microcephaly(3-9), the life cycle and pathogenesis of ZIKV are less well understood. In particular, there are conflicting reports on the role of AXL, a TAM family kinase receptor that was initially described as the entry receptor for ZIKV(10-22). Here, we show that while genetic ablation of AXL protected primary human astrocytes and astrocytoma cell lines from ZIKV infection, AXL knockout did not block the entry of ZIKV. We found, instead, that the presence of AXL attenuated the ZIKV-induced activation of type I interferon (IFN) signalling genes, including several type I IFNs and IFN-stimulating genes. Knocking out type I IFN receptor alpha chain (IFNAR1) restored the vulnerability of AXL knockout astrocytes to ZIKV infection. Further experiments suggested that AXL regulates the expression of SOCS1, a known type I IFN signalling suppressor, in a STAT1/STAT2-dependent manner. Collectively, our results demonstrate that AXL is unlikely to function as an entry receptor for ZIKV and may instead promote ZIKV infection in human astrocytes by antagonizing type I IFN signalling.
23.	Cho, Yoon Shin, et al. (författare) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies eight new loci for type 2 diabetes in east Asians. 2012 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We conducted a three-stage genetic study to identify susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in east Asian populations. We followed our stage 1 meta-analysis of eight T2D genome-wide association studies (6,952 cases with T2D and 11,865 controls) with a stage 2 in silico replication analysis (5,843 cases and 4,574 controls) and a stage 3 de novo replication analysis (12,284 cases and 13,172 controls). The combined analysis identified eight new T2D loci reaching genome-wide significance, which mapped in or near GLIS3, PEPD, FITM2-R3HDML-HNF4A, KCNK16, MAEA, GCC1-PAX4, PSMD6 and ZFAND3. GLIS3, which is involved in pancreatic beta cell development and insulin gene expression, is known for its association with fasting glucose levels. The evidence of an association with T2D for PEPD and HNF4A has been shown in previous studies. KCNK16 may regulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas. These findings, derived from an east Asian population, provide new perspectives on the etiology of T2D.
24.	Feng, Jun, et al. (författare) Giant Moisture Responsiveness of VS2 Ultrathin Nanosheets for Novel Touchless Positioning Interface 2012 Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 24:15, s. 1969-1974 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Utilizing a thin film of VS2 ultrathin nanosheets with giant and fast moisture responsiveness, a brand-new model of moisture-based positioning interface is put forward here, by which not only the 2D position information of finger tips can be acquired, but also the relative height can be detected as the third dimensionality, representing a promising platform for advanced man-machine interactive systems.
25.	Flannick, Jason, et al. (författare) Data Descriptor : Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls 2017 Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (> 80% of low-frequency coding variants in similar to ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and similar to ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in similar to ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.
26.	Frisk, Junmei Hu, et al. (författare) Biochemical Characterizations of Human TMPK Mutations Identified in Patients with Severe Microcephaly : Single Amino Acid Substitutions Impair Dimerization and Abolish Their Catalytic Activity 2021 Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 6:49, s. 33943-33952 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Deoxythymidylate kinase (TMPK) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP). Four TMPK variants (P81L, A99T, D128N, and a frameshift) have been identified in human patients who suffered from severe neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of these mutations on TMPK function has not been clarified. Here we show that in fibroblasts derived from a patient, the P81L and D128N mutations led to a complete loss of TMPK activity in mitochondria and extremely low and unstable TMPK activity in cytosol. Despite the lack of TMPK activity, the patient-derived fibroblasts apparently grew normal. To investigate the impact of the mutations on the enzyme function, the mutant TMPKs were expressed, purified, and characterized. The wild-type TMPK mainly exists as a dimer with high substrate binding affinity, that is, low Km value and high catalytic efficiency, that is, k(cat)/K-M. In contrast, all mutants were present as monomers with dramatically reduced substrate binding affinity and catalytic efficiencies. Based on the human TMPK structure, none of the mutated amino acids interacted directly with the substrates. By structural analysis, we could explain why the respective amino acid substitutions could drastically alter the enzyme structure and catalytic function. In conclusion, TMPK mutations identified in patients represent loss of function mutations but surprisingly the proliferation rate of the patient-derived fibroblasts was normal, suggesting the existence of an alternative and hitherto unknown compensatory TMPK-like enzyme for dTTP synthesis. Further studies of the TMPK enzymes will help to elucidate the role of TMPK in neuropathology.
27.	Frisk, Junmei Hu, et al. (författare) Differential expression of enzymes in thymidylate biosynthesis in zebrafish at different developmental stages : implications for dtymk mutation-caused neurodegenerative disorders 2022 Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2202. ; 23:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundDeoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) is an essential building block of DNA, and defects in enzymes involved in dTTP synthesis cause neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, mutations in DTYMK, the gene coding for thymidylate kinase (TMPK), cause severe microcephaly in human. However, the mechanism behind this is not well-understood. Here we used the zebrafish model and studied (i) TMPK, an enzyme required for both the de novo and the salvage pathways of dTTP synthesis, and (ii) thymidine kinases (TK) of the salvage pathway in order to understand their role in neuropathology.ResultsOur findings reveal that maternal-stored dNTPs are only sufficient for 6 cell division cycles, and the levels of dNTPs are inversely correlated to cell cycle length during early embryogenesis. TMPK and TK activities are prominent in the cytosol of embryos, larvae and adult fish and brain contains the highest TMPK activity. During early development, TMPK activity increased gradually from 6 hpf and a profound increase was observed at 72 hpf, and TMPK activity reached its maximal level at 96 hpf, and remained at high level until 144 hpf. The expression of dtymk encoded Dtymk protein correlated to its mRNA expression and neuronal development but not to the TMPK activity detected. However, despite the high TMPK activity detected at later stages of development, the Dtymk protein was undetectable. Furthermore, the TMPK enzyme detected at later stages showed similar biochemical properties as the Dtymk enzyme but was not recognized by the Dtymk specific antibody.ConclusionsOur results suggest that active dNTP synthesis in early embryogenesis is vital and that Dtymk is essential for neurodevelopment, which is supported by a recent study of dtymk knockout zebrafish with neurological disorder and lethal outcomes. Furthermore, there is a novel TMPK-like enzyme expressed at later stages of development.
28.	Frisk, Junmei Hu, et al. (författare) Identification of a novel thymidylate kinase activity. 2020 Ingår i: Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1525-7770 .- 1532-2335. ; 39:10-12, s. 1359-1368 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Thymidylate kinase (TMPK, EC2.7.4.9) is the enzyme that converts deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) to deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP) in the synthesis of dTTP, an essential building block of DNA. To date, there is only one gene (TYMK) known to encode TMPK in mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the distribution of TMPK activity and protein in subcellular fractions by using activity measurements and by using a specific antibody against TYMK-encoded TMPK (canonical TMPK). TMPK activity was detected in all subcellular fractions, of which the mitochondrial outer membrane contained the highest activity. High levels of canonical TMPK protein were detected in the cytosolic fraction, whereas low levels were found in the nuclear and mitochondrial matrix fractions. Strikingly, despite the detection of high TMPK activity in the mitochondrial outer membrane, canonical TMPK protein was not detected in this fraction. These results suggest that the TMPK activity detected in the outer membrane fraction may originate from a novel dTMP kinase, distinct from the canonical TYMK.
29.	Frisk, Junmei Hu, et al. (författare) Structural and functional analysis of human thymidylate kinase isoforms 2022 Ingår i: Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1525-7770 .- 1532-2335. ; 41:3, s. 321-332 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Thymidylate kinase (TMPK) phosphorylates deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and plays an important role in genome stability. Deficiency in TMPK activity due to genetic alterations of DTYMK, i.e., the gene coding for TMPK, causes severe microcephaly in humans. However, no defects were observed in other tissues, suggesting the existence of a compensatory enzyme for dTTP synthesis. In search for this compensatory enzyme we analyzed 6 isoforms of TMPK mRNA deposited in the GenBank. Of these, only isoform 1 has been characterized and represents the known human TMPK. Our results reveal that isoform 2, 3, 4 and 5 lack essential structural elements for substrate binding and, thus, they are considered as nonfunctional isoforms. Isoform 6, however, has intact catalytic centers, i.e., dTMP-binding, DRX motif, ATP-binding p-loop and lid region, which are the key structural elements of an active TMPK, suggesting that isoform 6 may function as TMPK. When isoform 6 was expressed and purified, it showed only minimal activity (<0.1%) as compared with isoform 1. A putative isoform 6 was detected in a cancer cell line, in addition to the dominant isoform 1. However, because of its low activity, isoform 6 is unlikely be able to compensate for the loss of TMPK activity caused by deletions and/or point mutations of the DTYMK gene. Thereby, future studies to identify and characterize the compensatory TMPK enzyme found in patients with DTYMK mutations may contribute to the understanding of dTTP synthesis and of the pathophysiological role of DTYMK mutations in neurodegenerative disorders.
30.	Fuchsberger, Christian, et al. (författare) The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes 2016 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 536:7614, s. 41-47 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded the sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
31.	Gao, Sanshuang, et al. (författare) Selective voltammetric determination of Cd(II) by using N,S-codoped porous carbon nanofibers 2018 Ingår i: Microchimica Acta. - : Springer. - 0026-3672 .- 1436-5073. ; 185 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Porous carbon nanofibers codoped with nitrogen and sulfur (NFs) were prepared by pyrolysis of trithiocyanuric acid, silica nanospheres and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) followed by electrospinning. The NFs were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) which then displayed highly sensitive response to traces of Cd(II). Compared to a bare GCE and a Nafion modified GCE, the GCE modified with codoped NFs shows improved sensitivity for Cd(II) in differential pulse anodic sweep voltammetry. The stripping peak current (typically measured at 0.81 V vs. Ag/AgCl) increases linearly in the 2.0–500 μg·L−1 Cd(II) concentration range. This is attributed to the large surface area (109 m2·g−1), porous structure, and high fraction of heteroatoms (19 at.% of N and 0.75 at.% of S). The method was applied to the determination of Cd(II) in (spiked) tap water where it gave recoveries that ranged between 96% and 103%.
32.	Gao, Sanshuang, et al. (författare) Sensitive and Selective Differential Pulse Voltammetry Detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Using Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Nanofiber Film Electrode 2017 Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:13, s. H967-H974 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Carbon matrix materials are regarded as one of the most important electrode materials for heavy metal detection. But even so, optimization procedures of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for tracing Cd(II) and Pb(II) remains challenging. Here, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers (N-PCNFs) were investigated as a new electrode material for determining the concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II). By optimizing electrochemical conditions such as deposition potential, deposition time, pH of buffer solution, and quantity of N-PCNFs loaded on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the linear response curves of Cd(II) and Pb(II) could be obtained. Due to the unique structural feature and N content, the N-PCNFs possess excellent detection limits of 0.8 mu g L-1 for Cd(II) and 0.3 mu g L-1 for Pb(II) (S/N = 3). To manifest the practical use of the sensor platform the concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in normal tap and waste water were monitored. According to the ICP-MS results, the calculated recovery (97.0-107%) indicates that N-PCNFs have potential as a candidate material to monitor the concentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in practical samples.
33.	Griswold, Max G., et al. (författare) Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 2018 Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 392:10152, s. 1015-1035 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.
34.	Hu Frisk, Junmei, et al. (författare) Heavy metal tolerance of Mesorhizobium delmotii thymidylate kinase 2022 Ingår i: Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1525-7770 .- 1532-2335. ; 41:12, s. 1305-1317 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Metal ions play an important role in many metabolic processes in all living organisms. At low concentrations, heavy metals such as Fe2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ are essential cofactors for many enzymes. However, at high concentrations they are toxic. Mesorhizobium species belong to the class α-proteobacteria and have high tolerance to soil acidity, salinity, temperature extremes, and metallicolous conditions. To identify factors responsible for this tolerance we have studied the effects of metal ions on Mesorhizobium delmotii thymidylate kinase (MdTMPK), an essential enzyme in the synthesis of dTTP, thus being vital for cell growth. We show that Mg2+ and Mn2+ are the divalent metal ions required for catalysis and that Mn2+ gives the highest catalytic efficiency. MdTMPK activity in the presence of Mg2+ was strongly inhibited by the co-presence of Zn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+. However, the addition of Cs+ caused >2-fold enhanced MdTMPK activity. For TMPK from Bacilus anthracis and humans, the effects of Mg2+ and Mn2+ were similar, whereas the effects of other divalent metal ions were different, and no stimulatory effect of Cs+ was observed. Together, our results demonstrate that MdTMPK and BaTMPK function well in the presence of high concentrations of heavy metal ions, introducing a potential contribution of these enzymes to the heavy metal tolerance of Mesorhizobium delmotii and Bacillus anthracis
35.	Hu, Jiwen, et al. (författare) A logic gate-based fluorogenic probe for Hg2+ detection and its applications in cellular imaging 2016 Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 919, s. 85-93 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A new colorimetric and fluorogenic probe (RN3) based on rhodamine-B has been successfully designed and synthesized. It displays a selective response to Hg2+ in the aqueous buffer solution over the other competing metals. Upon addition of Hg2+, the solution of RN3 exhibits a naked eye observable color change from colorless to red and an intensive fluorescence with about 105-fold enhancement. The changes in the color and fluorescence are ascribed to the ring-opening of spirolactam in rhodamine fluorophore, which is induced by a binding of the constructed receptor to Hg2+ with the association and dissociation constants of 0.22 x 10(5) M-1 and 25.2 mM, respectively. The Jobs plot experiment determines a 1: 1 binding stoichiometry between RN3 and Hg2+. The resultant "turn-on" fluorescence in buffer solution, allows the application of a method to determine Hg2+ levels in the range of 4.0-15.0 mu M, with the limit of detection (LOD) calculated at 60.7 nM (3 sigma/slope). In addition, the fluorescence turn-off and color fading-out happen to the mixture of RN3-Hg2+ by further addition of I- or S2-. The reversible switching cycles of fluorescence intensity upon alternate additions of Hg2+ and S2- demonstrate that RN3 can perform as an INHIBIT logic gate. Furthermore, the potential of RN3 as a fluorescent probe has been demonstrated for cellular imaging. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
36.	Hu, Jiwen, et al. (författare) A new ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter based on an ICT modulation for the detection of Hg2 2016 Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 230, s. 639-644 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We design and synthesize a new ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter (S1) for the selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+. Upon addition of Hg2+, the emission of the S1 exhibits a large bathochromic shift from 393 to 515 nm (up to 122 nm) which is ascribed to an intramolecular charge transfer process in the resultant. The Hg2+-induced dethioacetalization for sensing mechanism has been demonstrated by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the sensing process. The interference experiments further demonstrate that S1 exhibits very high selectivity towards Hg2+ over other coexisting cations/anions. Subsequently, a good linearity of the concentrations of Hg2+ (0-15 mu M) vs the ratiometric signals (I-515/I-393) allows a fluorogenic method for the quantitative detection of Hg2+, with the limitation of detection determined to be 5.22 x 10(-7) M. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
37.	Hu, Jiwen, et al. (författare) A rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ and its application for biological visualization 2014 Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 203, s. 452-458 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A new visible light excitable fluorescent probe (1) is synthesized by appending a hydroxymethyl-pyridine to rhodamine B hydrazide. The probe displays very specific Hg2+-induced colour change and fluorescent enhancement in the aqueous systems. The "turn-on" response of fluorescence is based on a binding-induced ring-opening process from the spirolactam (nonfluorescent) to acyclic xanthene (fluorescent) in rhodamine B. The coordinating atoms O-center dot-N-N-O-center dot from the hydroxymethyl-pyridine and rhodamine B hydrazide play dominant role in the formation of a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry of Hg2+ to 1. It exhibits a linear response in the range of 0.1-5 mu M with the limit of detection (LOD) of 15.7 nM (3 sigma/slope), while the calculated value of the association constant of Hg2+/1 is 0.70 x 10(5) M-1. Furthermore, confocal microscopy imaging experiment demonstrates the probe 1 can be applied as a fluorescent probe for visualization of Hg2+ in living HeLa cells.
38.	Hu, Jiwen, et al. (författare) Ratiometric fluorogenic determination of endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells 2019 Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 219, s. 232-239 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is one of the most important ROS (reactive oxygen species) and common pollutant in tap-water. However, the determination of HClO with fast response and high sensitivity/selectivity is still an urgent demanding. Here we fabricated a ratiometric fluorescent probe RC based on TBET (through-bond energy transfer) on the platform of coumarin and rhodamine with the thiosemicarbazide group as the linker. This probe could display the characteristic fluorescence emission of coumarin. Upon addition of HClO, the linker was reacted into an oxadiazole, resulting in the opening of spiro-ring of rhodamine. The resultant then gives ratiometric fluorogenic changes. The probe exhibits fast response and high selectivity and sensitivity towards HClO with a low limit of detection (similar to 140 nM). Eventually, RC is successfully applicated for determining spiked HClO in water samples and imaging endogenous HClO in living cells. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
39.	Hu, Jiwen, et al. (författare) Selective colorimetric detection of copper (II) by a protein-based nanoprobe 2021 Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 252 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this work, we report a novel protein-based nanoprobe (PNP) that can be employed for quantitative analysis of Cu2+ in pure water medium and real samples. Structurally, the proposed nanoprobe comprises a biofriendly protein (hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL)) and a Cu2+-specific chromogenic agent, where HEWL acts as a nanocarrier encapsulating a structurally tailored rhodamine B derivate. The resulting PNP exhibits a hydrodynamic diameter of similar to 106 nm and efficiently disperses in water, enabling the detection of Cu2+ in pure aqueous systems without the aid of any organic co-solvents. The high sensitivity and selectivity of PNP allow the colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in the presence of other metal interferents with a low detection limit of 160 nM. The satisfying recovery of trace level Cu2+ in environmental samples demonstrate the great potential of employing PNP for the determination of Cu2+ in actual applications. Most importantly, the simple co-grinding method employing proteins and chromogenic agents provides a novel strategy to generate sensing systems that are useful detection of pollutants in aqueous samples. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
40.	Hu, Jiwen, 1986-, et al. (författare) Selective detections of Hg2+ and F- by using tailor-made fluorogenic probes 2018 Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 269, s. 368-376 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract By ingeniously using a (imino)coumarin-precursor, three reactive fluorogenic probes of MP, FP, and FMP have been fabricated in a single facile synthetic route. MP and FP are able to respectively act as selective "turn-on" fluorescent probes for detecting Hg2+ and F- in buffer solution via specific analyte-induced reactions. Linear ranges for the detection of Hg2+ and F- are 0-10 mu M and 0-100 mu M with the limits of detection (LODs) of 4.0 x 10(-8) M and 1.14 x 10(-6) M (3 delta/slope), respectively. FMP is able to work as a molecular "AND" logic gate-based fluorogenic probe for monitoring the coexistence of Hg2+ and F- via a multistep reaction cascade. The analytes-induced sensing mechanisms have been determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). In addition, three probes show negligible toxicity under the experimental conditions, and are successfully used for monitoring Hg2+ and F- in living cells with good cell permeability. The success of the work demonstrates that ingenious utility of specific analyte-induced reactions and conventional concepts on the appropriate molecular scaffold can definitely deliver tailor-made probes for various intended sensing purposes. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
41.	Hu, Wenyan, et al. (författare) Mood-Fatigue Analyzer : Towards context-aware mobile sensing applications for safe driving 2014 Ingår i: Proc. 1st ACM Workshop on Middleware for Context-Aware Applications in the IoT. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450332347 ; , s. 19-24 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
42.	Hu, Xiping, et al. (författare) SAfeDJ Community : Situation-aware in-car music delivery for safe driving 2014 Ingår i: Proc. 20th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450327831 ; , s. 363-365 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
43.	Hu, Zhang-Jun, et al. (författare) A facile "click" reaction to fabricate a FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent Cu2+ probe 2014 Ingår i: Journal of materials chemistry. B. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-750X .- 2050-7518. ; 2:28, s. 4467-4472 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A facile one-step Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction, between a dansyl-azide and a propargyl-substituted rhodamine B hydrazide, is employed to fabricate a novel FRET ratiometric "off-on" fluorescent probe. The sensitive emission of the donor, a dansyl group, overlaps perfectly with the absorption of the acceptor, xanthene in the open-ring rhodamine. The proposed probe shows high selectivity towards Cu2+. The ratio of emission intensities at 568 and 540 nm (I-568/I-540) exhibits a drastic 28-fold enhancement upon addition of Cu2+. The probe shows an excellent linear relationship between emission ratios and the concentrations of Cu2+ from 10 to 50 mu M, with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.12 mu M. The preliminary cellular studies demonstrated that the probe is cell membrane permeable and could be applied for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular Cu2+ with almost no cytotoxicity. The ingenuity of the probe design is to construct a FRET donor-acceptor interconnector and a selective receptor simultaneously by "click" reaction. The strategy was verified to have great potential for developing novel FRET probes for Cu2+.
44.	Hu, Zhang-Jun, et al. (författare) A TPA-caged precursor of (imino)coumarin for "turn-on" fluorogenic detection of Cu 2016 Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 933, s. 189-195 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We strategize to utilize the precursors of (imino) coumarin fluorophores to deliver novel reactive Cu+ probes, where tris[(2-pyridyl)-methyl] amine (TPA) works as a reactive receptor towards Cu+. To verify this strategy, CP1, a representative probe and relevant sensing behaviors towards Cu+ are presented here. CP1 features good solubility and fast response for monitoring labile copper in aqueous solution and live cells. The sensing mechanism of CP1 is determined by HPLC titration and mass spectrometric analysis. The probe CP1 exhibits a 60-fold fluorescence enhancement and a detection limitation of 10.8 nM upon the detection of Cu+. CP1 is further applied for imaging labile copper in live cells. This work provides a starting point for future development of Cu+ probes, based on in situ formation of (imino) coumarin scaffolds, as well as their further investigations of copper signaling and biological events. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
45.	Hu, Zhang-Jun, et al. (författare) Real-time visualizing the regulation of reactive oxygen species on Zn2+ release in cellular lysosome by a specific fluorescent probe 2018 Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 264, s. 419-425 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulating the release of free zinc ions (Zn2+) in cellular lysosome is closely related to various pathways of cellular signal transduction, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Directly visualizing Zn2+ release in lysosome is essential for in-depth understanding these physiological processes, and is still an atelic challenge. In this work, we successfully fabricate a lysosome-specific Zn2+ fluorescent probe and achieve the visualization of ROS-induced Zn2+ release in lysosome of inflammatory cells. The as-prepared probe combines a green fluorophore, an ionophore with five-dentate sites, and a morpholine as the lysosome-specific localization moiety. The fluorescence of the fluorophore in the free probe is suppressed by a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process from nitrogen atoms in the ionophore. Upon the addition of Zn2+, the fluorescence can be promoted immediately, achieving the real-time detection. Meanwhile, the probe is sensitive and selective to Zn2+, which provides the capability to detect low-concentration of free Zn2+ in lysosomes. Accordingly, the Zn2+ release was clearly observed in lysosome with the increase of ROS levels when the inflammation occurred in living cells. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
46.	Hudson, Thomas J., et al. (författare) International network of cancer genome projects 2010 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7291, s. 993-998 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.
47.	Kristanl, Matej, et al. (författare) The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results 2019 Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
48.	Li, Xing-Yu, et al. (författare) Comparative Study of Dayside Pulsating Auroras Induced by Ultralow-Frequency Waves 2023 Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1997. ; 9:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Pulsating auroras are usually observed with ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc 3-5 band (period 10-600 s). These auroras are thought to result from interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves, but their relationship with ULF waves remains an open question. In this study, we investigated this question by conducting a comparative study on two ULF wave events with pulsating auroras observed near the magnetic footprints. Conjugate observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and the Chinese Yellow River Station were used. In both events, lower-band chorus waves were observed, which were suggested to be connected with the auroral pulsations by wavelet analysis. The intensity of these waves oscillates at the period of the ULF waves, but the physics laid behind them differs by events. During the event of 22 January 2019, compressional ULF waves changed the threshold for the whistler anisotropy instability periodically, affecting the emission of chorus waves. In the event on 10 January 2016, poloidal ULF waves modulated the chorus wave generation by regulating electron temperature anisotropy through drift resonance. ULF waves in these events may originate from perturbations in the solar wind. We highlight the role of ULF waves in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, which requires further study.
49.	Li, Xing Yu, et al. (författare) Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 129:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy-dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test-particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse-induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research.
50.	Lin, Jiaqian, et al. (författare) A study on performance improvement of IMDD-UFMC with modified K-means non-uniform quantization 2020 Ingår i: Optics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0030-4018. ; 476 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, a modified K-means-based low complexity the nonuniform quantization scheme is proposed in the intensity-modulated direct detection universal filter multicarrier (IMDD-UFMC) system to improve system performance. Owing to the good cluster property of our scheme, the optimal quantization levels can be directly figured out, and the complexity induced by the probability density function (PDF) estimation can be reduced. By utilizing this scheme, the low quantization noise and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be achieved by assigning finer quantization steps for the low-level area signals. And, to manifest this scheme, the IMDD-UFMC-based numerical simulation and experimental platform with 10-Gb/s 16-QAM signal over 20 km fiber are constructed. The corresponding results show that our method always achieves the better performance, measuring in the form with the error-vector-magnitudes and bit error rate, compared to the common uniform quantization scheme even with the low-bit resolution case.

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