| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Jung, Young-Eun, et al.
(författare)
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The Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: An extended validation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Stress and Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 28:4, s. 319-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC) is a brief self‐rating questionnaire for measuring resilience. The aims of the present study were to describe the development of a Korean version of the CD‐RISC (K‐CD‐RISC) and to more firmly establish its psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity. The participants consisted of a general population sample (n = 194) and psychiatric outpatients (n = 127) with non‐psychotic mood or anxiety disorders. The K‐CD‐RISC score means (standard deviation) were 65.9 (13.6) in the general population and 50.4 (20.5) in the psychiatric outpatients. The mean score of the general population was significantly higher than that of the psychiatric outpatients. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors, and the obtained factor structure was verified through confirmatory factor analysis. In the general population, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the K‐CD‐RISC was found to be 0.92. Greater resilience was found to be associated with less perceived stress, anxiety and depression and with higher levels of positive affect and purpose in life. Taken together, our findings suggest that the K‐CD‐RISC has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for assessing resilience.
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| 6. |
- Cho, Eun, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical experience of tensor-valued diffusion encoding for microstructure imaging by diffusional variance decomposition in patients with breast cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. - : AME Publishing Company. - 2223-4292 .- 2223-4306. ; 12:3, s. 2002-2017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging plays a key role in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of breast tumors. However, it remains unclear how to interpret single diffusion encoding with respect to its link with tissue microstructure. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to use tensor-valued diffusion encoding to investigate the underlying microstructure of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and evaluate its potential value in a clinical setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed biopsy-proven breast cancer patients who underwent preoperative breast MRI examination from July 2020 to March 2021. We reviewed the MRI of 29 patients with 30 IDCs, including analysis by diffusional variance decomposition enabled by tensor-valued diffusion encoding. The diffusion parameters of mean diffusivity (MD), total mean kurtosis (MKT), anisotropic mean kurtosis (MKA), isotropic mean kurtosis (MKI), macroscopic fractional anisotropy (FA), and microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA) were estimated. The parameter differences were compared between IDC and normal fibroglandular breast tissue (FGBT), as well as the association between the diffusion parameters and histopathologic items. Results: The mean value of MD in IDCs was significantly lower than that of normal FGBT (1.07±0.27 vs. 1.34±0.29, P<0.001); however, MKT, MKA, MKI, FA, and μFA were significantly higher (P<0.005). Among all the diffusion parameters, MKI was positively correlated with the tumor size on both MRI and pathological specimen (rs=0.38, P<0.05 vs. rs=0.54, P<0.01), whereas MKT had a positive correlation with the tumor size in the pathological specimen only (rs=0.47, P<0.02). In addition, the lymph node (LN) metastasis group had significantly higher MKT, MKA, and μFA compared to the metastasis negative group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Tensor-valued diffusion encoding enables a useful non-invasive method for characterizing breast cancers with information on tissue microstructures. Particularly, μFA could be a potential imaging biomarker for evaluating breast cancers prior to surgery or chemotherapy.
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| 7. |
- Kim, Min-Jeong, et al.
(författare)
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Independent enhancement of the in-plane Seebeck effect in 2D PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructures via a facile interface tuning method
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) films have emerged as promising semiconducting materials for use in thermoelectric (TE) applications. However, the utilization of such materials remains challenging owing to the relatively high intrinsic resistance as the size of the TMDC thin films increases to the centimeter scale. These 2D TMDC films can also form vertically stacked homo- or heterostructures at large interfaces with other 2D TMDC films, resulting in unique TE properties at room temperature. This article reports on the in-plane TE properties when the interfaces formed within a PtSe2/PtSe2 (3 nm/3 nm) homostructure are modulated as a function of O2 plasma treatment time. The results show enhanced Seebeck coefficients compared with that of the single-layer PtSe2 with the same thickness. The independent enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient while keeping the electrical conductivity leads to a substantial increase in the power factor. Such extra Seebeck voltage in 2D PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructures is mainly as a result of momentum exchange by charge carriers caused by the temperature gradient in the vertical direction, which occurs in-plane Seebeck coefficient measurements, at the interface between the PtSe2 layers in the in-plane temperature gradient along the samples. These results resemble the characteristics of the phonon drag effect at low temperatures, which can independently increase the Seebeck coefficient at room temperature.
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| 8. |
- Kim, Min-Jeong, et al.
(författare)
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Intrinsic Seebeck coefficients of 2D polycrystalline PtSe2 semiconducting films through two-step annealing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:11, s. 5714-5724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because of the high contact resistance between a metal and a film, evaluating the intrinsic Seebeck coefficient of large-area two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting films with high-resistance is challenging. Here, we report a simple scheme to measure the large-area Seebeck coefficients of 2D polycrystalline platinum diselenide (PtSe2) thin films, whose electrical resistance (>2 M omega) is too high to measure the thermoelectric (TE) properties, by thermal annealing. As-prepared PtSe2 thin films deposited on sapphire substrates and treated by a two-step thermal annealing process at 574 K exhibited an intrinsic Seebeck coefficient > similar to 160 mu V K-1, which is 400% higher than that of the single-crystalline PtSe2 bulk, under a temperature gradient of up to 5 K along the samples. In addition, we confirm that the in-plane Seebeck coefficient of the two-step annealed samples was independent of the metal electrode. In addition, the role of thermal annealing in intrinsically-high-resistance 2D PtSe2 semiconducting films based on the atomic-scale crystallographic characteristics of these films and the measured contact resistance between the metal and PtSe2 layer is further discussed. Our finding represents an important achievement in understanding and measuring the Seebeck effect of high-TE-performance 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenide materials.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Shim, Kyu Hwan, et al.
(författare)
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Subsequent correlated changes in complement component 3 and amyloid beta oligomers in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) involves the complement cascade, with complement component 3 (C3) playing a key role. However, the relationship between C3 and amyloid beta (A beta) in blood is limited.METHODSPlasma C3 and A beta oligomerization tendency (A beta Ot) were measured in 35 AD patients and 62 healthy controls. Correlations with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, cognitive impairment, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were analyzed. Differences between biomarkers were compared in groups classified by concordances of biomarkers.RESULTSPlasma C3 and A beta Ot were elevated in AD patients and in CSF or amyloid PET-positive groups. Weak positive correlation was found between C3 and A beta Ot, while both had strong negative correlations with CSF A beta 42 and cognitive performance. Abnormalities were observed for A beta Ot and CSF A beta 42 followed by C3 changes.DISCUSSIONIncreased plasma C3 in AD are associated with amyloid pathology, possibly reflecting a defense response for A beta clearance. Further studies on A beta-binding proteins will enhance understanding of A beta mechanisms in blood.
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| 11. |
- Cho, Wonkyung, et al.
(författare)
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Design of salmon calcitonin particles for nasal delivery using spray-drying and novel supercritical fluid-assisted spray-drying processes
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 478:1, s. 288-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of this study was to prepare a nasal powder formulation of salmon calcitonin (sCT) using an absorption enhancer to improve its bioavailability. In this work, powder formulations for nasal delivery of sCT were studied using various absorption enhancers and stabilizers. Powders were prepared by two different methods: conventional spray-drying (SD) and novel supercritical fluid-assisted spray-drying (SASD) to investigate the role of CO2 in the particle formation process. The prepared sCT powder formulations were characterized by several analyses; powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy method. The particle size distribution was also evaluated. In vivo absorption tests were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rat using the prepared powder formulations, and the results were compared to those of raw sCT. Quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that sCT was chemically stable after both the SD and SASD processes. Results of PXRD, SEM, and FT-IR did not indicate a strong interaction or defragmentation of sCT. The in vivo absorption test showed that SD- and SASD-processed sCT powders increased the bioavailability of the drug when compared to the nasal administration of raw sCT. In addition, SASD-processed sCT exhibited higher nasal absorption when compared with SD-processed sCT in all formulations due to a reduction of particle size. The results from this study illustrate that the preparation of nasal powders using the SASD process could be a promising approach to improve nasal absorption of sCT.
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| 12. |
- Choi, Jae Won, et al.
(författare)
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Interface-driven seebeck effect in two-dimensional trilayer-stacked PtTe2/MoS2/MoS2 heterostructures via electron-electron interactions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) platinum telluride (PtTe2), which is one of the promising metallic transition metal dichalcogenides, has been proven as an essential candidate for electronic devices, magnetic devices, type-II Dirac fermions, topological superconductors, and other optoelectronic applications. However, the formation and thermal transport as important thermoelectric (TE) device applications have not been realized in large-area 2D PtTe2 films due to their semi-metallic properties. Here, we report an innovative approach to enhance the in-plane TE power factors by piling the metallic PtTe2 films on high-resistance (> 10 MO) intrinsic MoS2 films to form bilayer-PtTe2/MoS2 (5 nm/7 nm)//sapphire and trilayer-PtTe2/MoS2/MoS2 (5 nm/7 nm/7 nm)//sapphire heterostructures via wet-transfer stacking method. Such approaches can be achieved by utilizing 2D/2D heterostructure to increase the electron effective mass due to the strong electron-electron interaction at interface under temperature gradient along the samples and ultimately increase Seebeck coefficients via interface-driven Seebeck effect along with a metallic high-conductivity top-PtTe2 films. The trilayer-stacked PtTe2/MoS2/MoS2 heterostructures exhibit an extremely high Seebeck coefficient of 21.6 mu V/K and power factor of similar to 0.2 mW/m.K-2, which are 231 % and similar to 727 %, higher than those of the metallic 5-nm-thick single PtTe2 film on the sapphire substrate, respectively. Our new physics and observation can pave the way toward an effective strategy for understating 2D/2D TMDC heterostructure materials for high Fig.-of-merit TE energy harvesting devices.
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| 13. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 14. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 15. |
- Styrkarsdottir, Unnur, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS of bone size yields twelve loci that also affect height, BMD, osteoarthritis or fractures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone area is one measure of bone size that is easily derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. In a GWA study of DXA bone area of the hip and lumbar spine (N ≥ 28,954), we find thirteen independent association signals at twelve loci that replicate in samples of European and East Asian descent (N = 13,608 – 21,277). Eight DXA area loci associate with osteoarthritis, including rs143384 in GDF5 and a missense variant in COL11A1 (rs3753841). The strongest DXA area association is with rs11614913[T] in the microRNA MIR196A2 gene that associates with lumbar spine area (P = 2.3 × 10 −42 , β = −0.090) and confers risk of hip fracture (P = 1.0 × 10 −8 , OR = 1.11). We demonstrate that the risk allele is less efficient in repressing miR-196a-5p target genes. We also show that the DXA area measure contributes to the risk of hip fracture independent of bone density.
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| 16. |
- Chen, Zhishan, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-mapping analysis including over 254 000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV. Our cis-eQTL/mQTL and colocalization analyses using colorectal tissue-specific transcriptome and methylome data separately from 1299 and 321 individuals, along with functional genomic investigation, uncovered 136 putative CRC susceptibility genes, including 56 genes not previously reported. Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data from colorectal tissues revealed 17 putative CRC susceptibility genes with distinct expression patterns in specific cell types. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data provided additional support for several target genes identified in this study as CRC susceptibility genes. Enrichment analyses of the 136 genes uncover pathways not previously linked to CRC risk. Our study substantially expanded association signals for CRC and provided additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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| 17. |
- Cho, Sung Min, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Novel VEGFR2 Inhibitors Originating from Natural Product Analogues with Antiangiogenic Impact
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 64:21, s. 15858-15867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel natural small molecule, voacangine (Voa), has been discovered as a potent antiangiogenic compound. Notably, Voa directly binds the kinase domain of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and thereby inhibits downstream signaling. Herein, we developed synthetic small molecules based on the unique chemical structure of Voa that directly and specifically target and modulate the kinase activity of VEGFR2. Among these Voa structure analogues, Voa analogue 19 (V19) exhibited increased antiangiogenic potency against VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation without cytotoxic effects. Moreover, treatment with V19 resulted in significant tumor cell death in a mouse xenograft model. In conclusion, this new VEGFR2 modulator, inspired from the rigid scaffold of a natural compound, Voa, is presented as a potent candidate in the development of new antiangiogenic agents.
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| 18. |
- Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55, s. 89-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.
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| 19. |
- Kang, Min-Seok, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of annealing temperature on the barrier height of nano-particle embedded Ni-contacts to 4H-SiC
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium (ISDRS). ; , s. 1-2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to realize stable SiC (Silicon carbide) devices, metal contacts to SiC with suitable physical and electrical characteristics are required. For example, Ohmic contacts with low specific contact resistances and Schottky contacts with controlled barrier height ( #x03A6;B) between SiC and metal are among the most important factors for determining the performance of SiC devices. To date, extensive studies have been carried out on the properties of barrier height of various metals on n- and p-type for SiC and many attempts have been made to modify the contact barrier height on SiC depending on the annealing temperature. To change effectively lower the barrier height of the metal/SiC structures, it was required to anneal the contact formed on highly doped 4H-SiC substrates ( #x003E;1018 cm #x2212;3) at high temperatures (900 #x223C;1000 #x00B0;C) [1]. Recently, the electrical contacts to SiC includes the implementation of nanostructures such as metal nano-partices (NPs) to modify the barrier height at metal-SiC interfaces and to alter fundamental SiC device properties by controlling the size of the metal NPs [2]. Previous results in the literature have been primarily focused on the effect of size reduction of NPs on the characteristics of diode structures with embedded NPs, which experimentally investigates the change in transport properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces in SiC depending on the size of NPs. However, so far the focus has been mainly on the scaling effect of NPs rather than on altering the electrical barrier of the NPs [3].
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| 20. |
- Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lee, Ja Kyung, et al.
(författare)
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Strain-induced indium clustering in non-polar a-plane InGaN quantum wells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 145, s. 109-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conventional light-emitting diodes the epitaxial strain and related piezoelectric polarization arising along the polar [0001] growth direction of the InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) induce internal fields which adversely affect the radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs therein. Growing the quantum wells along a nonpolar orientation can, in principle, avoid this problem but seems to face with another problem associated with indium clustering. In this study, we present experimental evidence that supports the inhomogeneous distribution of indium in non-polar a-plane InGaN QWs by using dark-field inline electron holography as well as atom probe tomography measurements and discuss the possible origin by density functional theory calculation. A model non-polar a-plane QW structure with 10 nm-thick In0.1Ga0.9N double QWs was investigated and compared with the polar c-plane QWs with the same QW structure. Unlike the random distribution in the polar QWs, the indium atoms in the non-polar QW exhibit inhomogeneous distribution and show a tendency of periodic, clustering. We suggest the dipole interaction energy and the strain energy associated with indium substitution could have a substantial influence on the local composition of strained InGaN QWs and, particularly, triggers In clustering in the non-polar a-plane QW structure. Accompanying phase field modeling rationalizes that In clustering can also modify the in-plane polarization through piezoelectric effects, preventing the electrostatic potential from diverging along the in-plane polar direction.
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| 23. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:2, s. 477-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of milial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians.Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, cluding 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 omising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed nditional analyses in East Asians.Results: An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk P = 3.9 x 10(-8) in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This sociation was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage sequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 x 10(-3)). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 x 10(-8) and o variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 x 10(-8); 62558833, P = 7.5 x 10(-8)) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, ing data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS.Conclusions: In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for lorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the iology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal ncer risk loci identified previously.Impact: Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal ncer risk.
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| 24. |
- Min, Jung-Ah, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive emotion regulation strategies contributing to resilience in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 54:8, s. 1190-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Research suggests that resilience is associated with favorable treatment outcome in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. In this regard, the identification of specific characteristics related to resilience that could provide targets for resilience-enhancement interventions is needed. Since the type of cognitive coping strategies is a possible marker of resilience, we investigated adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies contributing to resilience in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders.Methods: A total of 230 outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders were consecutively recruited and completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State Anxiety Inventory. A linear regression model was used to determine which cognitive emotion regulation strategies predicted resilience after controlling for relevant covariates. Additionally, this model of resilience was compared with those of depression and anxiety symptoms.Results: Adaptive strategies were more strongly correlated with resilience than maladaptive strategies. In the regression model, more use of refocus on planning and positive reappraisal as well as less use of rumination predicted high resilience after controlling for age, gender, marital status, depression, and anxiety. Among these strategies, refocus on planning was the common strategy contributing to resilience and depression.Conclusion: These results suggested that the cognitive emotion regulation strategies of refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, and less rumination contribute to resilience in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. It might provide potential targets for psychotherapeutic intervention to improve resilience in these patients.
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| 25. |
- Shu, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale Integrated Analysis of Genetics and Metabolomic Data Reveals Potential Links Between Lipids and Colorectal Cancer Risk
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 31:6, s. 1216-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The etiology of colorectal cancer is not fully understood.Methods: Using genetic variants and metabolomics data including 217 metabolites from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1,357), we built genetic prediction models for circulating metabolites. Models with prediction R2 > 0.01 (Nmetabolite = 58) were applied to predict levels of metabolites in two large consortia with a combined sample size of approximately 46,300 cases and 59,200 controls of European and approximately 21,700 cases and 47,400 controls of East Asian (EA) descent. Genetically predicted levels of metabolites were evaluated for their associations with colorectal cancer risk in logistic regressions within each racial group, after which the results were combined by meta-analysis.Results: Of the 58 metabolites tested, 24 metabolites were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk [Benjamini-Hochberg FDR (BH-FDR) < 0.05] in the European population (ORs ranged from 0.91 to 1.06; P values ranged from 0.02 to 6.4 × 10-8). Twenty one of the 24 associations were replicated in the EA population (ORs ranged from 0.26 to 1.69, BH-FDR < 0.05). In addition, the genetically predicted levels of C16:0 cholesteryl ester was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in the EA population only (OREA: 1.94, 95% CI, 1.60−2.36, P = 2.6 × 10-11; OREUR: 1.01, 95% CI, 0.99−1.04, P = 0.3). Nineteen of the 25 metabolites were glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAG). Eighteen associations exhibited significant heterogeneity between the two racial groups (PEUR-EA-Het < 0.005), which were more strongly associated in the EA population. This integrative study suggested a potential role of lipids, especially certain glycerophospholipids and TAGs, in the etiology of colorectal cancer.Conclusions: This study identified potential novel risk biomarkers for colorectal cancer by integrating genetics and circulating metabolomics data.Impact: The identified metabolites could be developed into new tools for risk assessment of colorectal cancer in both European and EA populations.
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| 26. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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