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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berlin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific evidence for sustainable plant disease protection strategies for the main arable crops in Sweden. A systematic map protocol
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efficient and sustainable plant protection is of great economic and ecological significance for global crop production. A number of challenges, e.g. climate change, population growth and global trade, put increasing demands on future crop production and crop protection. This necessitates an increase in crop productivity with less environmental impact while maintaining good food quality and food security. To meet these challenges, it is essential that the recommendations provided to growers are efficient and correct, which can only be ensured by evidence-based recommendations based on outcomes from scientific studies.Methods and output: The aim of these systematic maps is to compile scientific evidence for different plant disease protection strategies for the main arable crops grown in Sweden. Six major crops (wheat, barley, oat, potato, sugar beet and oilseed rape) have been selected based on the area under production, the annual production, the economic importance, and the amount of pesticide used against diseases in these crops in Sweden. All methods to manage diseases will be considered, including cropping system, pesticide application, biological control methods, as well as combinations of methods and integrated pest management. These systematic maps will only deal with field studies of relevance for agricultural practices in Sweden, although we expect that the results will be applicable for northern Europe as a whole. The main outcome to be used will be productivity measured as yield per area. Plant health and pathogen reduction will be included as a proxy for potential increase in crop quality and yield. This will provide a systematic overview of the plant disease protection measures that have been reported in the scientific literature. The study will result in one searchable database per crop that may be used as a catalogue of evidence for researchers and stakeholders, especially authorities and advisory organizations. The systematic maps will aid in the identification of areas that need further research and guide funding agencies and policymakers when deciding where research resources should be allocated. It will also help to select topics for future systematic reviews and meta-studies within the field of plant protection.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Caselunghe, Elvira, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape and Place Concepts Meeting through Encounters between Birdwatchers and Farmers
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Determining stakeholders‘ different perspectives on the same place can create an important platform for processes of mutual learning in natural resource management. We have interviewed farmers and birdwatchers who were members in a project called Swedish birdwatchers and farmers in cooperation. The aim of the project was to create discussions and meetings between these different users of the landscape; farmers and birdwatchers. In interviews were focused on their view of landscape, birds and nature conservation. To understand how the farmers and the birdwatchers perceive the landscape and discuss around this we use a landscape relation model created by Gustafsson (1993). The model describes three ways of relating to a landscape/place. According to Gustafsson people can relate to landscapes as 1) Pictorial landscapes, 2) Perception landscapes or 3) Identification landscapes. The different perspectives on the same landscape can derive from for example a person‘s function in the landscape and how long time that he or she has spent there. The model can also be a base for discussions about identities. How one perceive and relate to the landscape will affect how one uses and talk about the landscape, the species within the landscape and farm practice
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| 7. |
- Clasen, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy cattle farmers' preferences for different breeding tools
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breeding technologies play a significant role in improving dairy cattle production. Scientifically proven tools for improved management and genetic gain in dairy herds, such as sexed semen, beef semen, genomic testing, dairy crossbreeding, and multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET), are readily available to dairy farmers. However, despite good accessibility, decreasing costs, and continuous development of these tools, their use in Sweden is limited. This study investigated Swedish dairy farmers' preferences for breeding tools through a survey including a discrete choice experiment. The survey was distributed online to 1 521 Swedish farmers and by an open link published through a farming magazine. In total, the study included 204 completed responses. The discrete choice experiment consisted of 10 questions with two alternative combinations, which gave 48 combinations in total. Utility values and part-worth values were computed using a conditional logit model based on the responses in the discrete choice experiment for nine groups of respondents: one group with all respondents, two groups based on respondents using dairy crossbreeding or not within the past 12 months, two based on herd size, two based on respondent age, and two based on whether respondents had used breeding advisory services or not. The strongest preferences in all groups were for using sexed semen and beef semen. Genomic testing was also significantly preferred by all groups of respondents. Except in large herds, MOET on own animals was significantly and relatively strongly disfavoured by all groups. Buying embryos had no significant utility value to any group. Dairy crossbreeding had low and insignificant utility values in the group of all respondents, but it was strongly favoured by the group that had used dairy crossbreeding within the past 12 months, and it was disfavoured by the group that had not. Part-worth values of combined breeding tools showed that combinations of sexed and beef semen, alone or with genomic testing without dairy crossbreeding, were the most preferred tools. Compared with the most common combinations of breeding tools used in the past 12 months, the part-worth values indicated that Swedish dairy farmers may prefer to use breeding tools more than they do today. Statements on the different breeding tools indicated that the respondents agreed with the benefits attributed to the breeding tools, but these benefits may not be worth the cost of genomic testing and the time consumption of MOET. These valuable insights can be used for further development of breeding tools.
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| 8. |
- Dahlgren, Thomas G., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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A shallow-water whale-fall experiment in the north Atlantic
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cahiers De Biologie Marine. - 0007-9723. ; 47:4, s. 385-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of hydrothermal vent and seep fauna is associated with great costs due to the deep and distant locations. Whale-falls, which are thought to have habitat conditions which overlap seep ecosystems, may be used as a model system to explore questions such as the evolution of dispersal strategies and interactions between hosts and their symbiont microbes. Our discovery of whale-fall fauna at a whale carcass sunk at shelf depth in a Swedish fjord contrasts the apparent lack of specialized organisms from shallow water seep environments. Representatives of a whale-fall fauna found at the Swedish study site include bacterial mat feeding dorvilleid annelids and the whale-bone eating pogonophoran worm Osedax mucofloris Glover et al., 2005. We are maintaining whale-fall fauna alive in aquaria, and initial results from these studies suggest that O. mucofloris has a continuous reproduction life-history strategy.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Joosse, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Critical, Engaged and Change-oriented Scholarship in Environmental Communication. Six Methodological Dilemmas to Think with
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Communication. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1752-4032 .- 1752-4040. ; 14, s. 758-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While calls for critical, engaged and change-oriented scholarship in environmental communication (EC) abound, few articles discuss what this may practically entail. With this article, we aim to contribute to a discussion in EC about the methodological implications of such scholarship. Based on our combined experience in EC research and drawing from a variety of academic fields, we describe six methodological dilemmas that we encounter in our research practice and that we believe are inherent to such scholarship. These dilemmas are (1) grasping communication; (2) representing others; (3) involving people in research; (4) co-producing knowledge; (5) engaging critically; and (6) relating to conflict. This article does not offer solutions to these complex dilemmas. Rather, our dilemma descriptions are meant to help researchers think through methodological issues in critical, engaged and change-oriented EC research. The article also helps to translate the dilemmas to the reality of research projects through a set of questions, aimed to support a sensitivity to, and understanding of, the dilemmas in context.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Källström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Cell signaling by the type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseria
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 273:34, s. 21777-21782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that infect human mucosal epithelia. Type IV pilus-mediated adherence of these bacteria is a crucial early event for establishment of infection. In this work, we show that the type IV pili transduce a signal into the eucaryotic host cell. Purified adherent pili, but not pili from a low binding mutant, trigger an increase in the cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in target epithelial cells, a signal known to control many cellular responses. The [Ca2+]i increase was blocked by antibodies against CD46, a putative pilus receptor, suggesting a role for this protein in signal transduction. Pilus-mediated attachment was inhibited by depletion of host cell intracellular Ca2+ stores but not by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Further, kinase inhibition studies showed that pilus-mediated adherence is dependent on casein kinase II. In summary, these data reveal a novel function of the type IV pili, namely induction of signal transduction pathways in host cells.
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| 15. |
- Källström, Helena
(författare)
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Molecular and cellular mechanisms during adherence and cell signaling of pathogenic Neisseria to host cells
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The pathogenic members of the genus Neisseria include N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Both organisms are obligate human pathogens that colonize mucosal surfaces. Pili, long hair-like structures that extend from the bacterial surface, mediate and/or induce a stable anchorage of the bacteria to the cells, which in turn enables the bacteria to remain cell-bound at high numbers. We have identified CD46 (membrane cofactor protein, MCP) as a pilus-receptor for pathogenic Neisseria. CD46 is a C3b/C4b binding cell surface glycoprotein, which inhibits complement activation on host cells. Adherence to epithelial cells of pathogenic Neisseria is blocked by antibodies against CD46 or by recombinant CD46-protein. Further, purified pili bind to recombinant CD46. We also show that piliated, but not non-piliated, N. gonorrhoeae attach to COS-7 cells transfected with human CD46-cDNA. The adherence is favored to the expression of the BC1 isoform of CD46. By transfecting COS-7 cells with a number of different CD46 deletion constructs, we show that complement control protein-3 repeat, glycosylation of complement control protein-4 repeat, the serine/theronine/proline rich domain, and the cytoplasmic tail are important for adherence of the bacteria to host cells. The primary interaction between a pilus and its host cell receptor CD46 results in transient release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The Ca2+ -flux and the bacterial adherence was inhibited by chelators of intracellular calcium. In addition, antibodies against CD46 blocked the Ca2+ signal. The pilus consists of a major pilus subunit protein, PilE, and a minor pilus-associated protein, PiIC. PilC is required for pilus assembly and for pilus-mediated adherence. We show that PilC is expressed in all clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae tested, and that the protein contains both variable and conserved regions. Since PilC is needed for adherence and has been shown to be exposed on the pilus, it is possible that PilC interacts with the CD46 receptor. The pilus-mediated adherence is followed by a tight interaction that is independent of pili. The interaction between non-piliated (P-) Neisseria and host cells most likely plays a role in colonization and asymptomatic carriage of the pathogens. We show that the adherence of P- N. gonorrhoeae is blocked by GDP-ß-S, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue, and by C3 exotoxin, an inhibitor of the GTPase Rho. Cholera toxin, that activates GS, and fluoroaluminate, a general G-protein activator, induced bacterial adherence. Further, a shift of the extracellular free Ca2+ concentration dramatically stimulated adherence of P- Neisseria. The nasopharynx and the urogenital tract are natural entry sites of the pathogenic Neisseria species, and at both sites the epithelial cells can be subjected to wide fluctuations in Ca2+ concentration.
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| 16. |
- Källström Karlsson, Inga-Lill, 1947-
(författare)
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Att leva nära döden : patienters och vårdpersonals erfarenheter inom hospicevård
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research focused on experiences of dying patients and hospice nurses in a hospice unit. The research objectives were to (i) acquire more extensive knowledge about how dying patients and hospice nurses experience life and death and (ii) describe patients who were cared for during a 10-year period in an inpatient hospice ward. Data were gathered via interviews with 19 nurses and 11 patients. An interpretive description method was used to analyze interview results. Data were also gathered from institutional care records that included gender, age, marital status, diagnosis, referral source, and length of stay (666 women and 555 men). Descriptive statistics were used to describe basic features of the study's data and to compare differences between women and men. The main finding from interviewing the nurses was that they were struggling to acknowledge and unveil the person within the weakening body. In doing so, they used various strategies such as (i) striving to understand patients’ experiences of body function loss; (ii) encouraging patients to uphold body functions and daily habits; (iii) acknowledging and balancing patients’ need for body control; and (iv) providing tender care for the body. After 2 years of work in hospice care, nurses described that facing the dying and death of many patients had an impact on daily work and private life. The close relationship with the dying patient led to existential issues concerning the meaning of life and death, which were conceptualized into this theme: death as an agent of change. Eleven years later, the presence of death took a less dominant place in the nurses’ lives, and the theme became: death as a companion in life. In the long-term, nurses emphasized that their relationships with dying patients fostered their professional and personal growth. The findings from interviewing the patients revealed that when death became a reality, life took on new meaning, and they acquired new values that were important to preserve or protect; this triggered need for feeling secure within this situation. These revelations were manifest in three sub-themes: (i) when possible death becomes a reality; (ii) living with death as a reality, and (iii) a need for a feeling of security. And this main theme was conceptualized: making sense of life close to death. Results regarding patients in hospice ward care over a 10-year period revealed significant differences between women and men. More women than men were single, had cancer with relatively short trajectories, and were referred from the oncology department. More men than women were diagnosed with types of cancer with somewhat longer trajectories. Despite longer trajectories, length of stay was shorter for men than for women. The most frequent referral source was the hospital. But compared to women, men (particularly younger men) were more often referred from home-based hospice care. The findings expand knowledge about dying and its various configurations; consequently, care and support needs will vary. For the dying person, it is important to know that care is provided according to the person’s preferences and given when needed.
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| 17. |
- Källström Karlsson, Inga-Lill, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of life close to death
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study’s aim was to find out how dying patients experience living near impending death. Eleven patient interviews were conducted via a palliative care unit that included a hospice ward and palliative home care. A qualitative, inductive design enabled descriptions of this complex situation. Analysis followed the Thorne et al. interpretive description approach. The findings revealed that when death became a reality, life took on new meanings and values (not in clear focus before) that were important to preserve or protect. This triggered need for feeling secure within this situation. These revelations were manifest in three subthemes that conceptualised the main theme Making sense of life close to death: (1) when possible death becomes a reality; (2) living with death as a reality and (3) a need for a feeling of security. How life can seem to dying patients demonstrates clinical relevance and complexity, which ensues when death is understood. Nurses must be aware of and respond to that complexity. Responding to patients who protect themselves from existential insight is a particular challenge; preserving their dignity requires being open to how life appears to them and following them as they give meaning to their existence. Dying patients have the right to be cared for according to their understanding of what it means to be dying.
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| 18. |
- Källström Karlsson, Inga-Lill, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses’ perspectives on caring for hospice patients with weakening bodies
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim. To deepen the understanding of how nurses experience their care of dying patients with weakening bodies.Background. A socio-cultural context that emphasizes healthy bodies might have consequences for attitudes toward sickness and weakness. Physical disease-based deterioration puts limits on opportunities to achieve a fit body. When dying patients’ bodies are deteriorating, they must rely on and receive body-care assistance. Few nursing studies explore nurses’ perceptions about caring for the body.Method. Data were collected over a 3-month period in 2004-2005. Qualitative, conversational-style interviews were done to gather personal reflections of 19 nurses in a Swedish hospice ward. The approach of interpretative description was used to analyze the interviews.Findings. A main theme – struggling to acknowledge and unveil the person within the weakening body – was synthesized from four subthemes, i.e., nurses: (1) striving to understand patients’ experiences of bodily losses; (2) encouraging patients to uphold bodily functions and daily habits; (3) acknowledging and balancing patients’ need of bodily control; and (4) providing tender body care.Conclusion. Ways in which nurses interpret and care for bodies of dying patients influence how dying patients perceive their embedded selves at life’s end. Nurses struggled to promote person-oriented care by being flexible and creative and by using various strategies for body care that was aligned with the individual patient’s progression toward death. Person-oriented care was sometimes challenged when patients could not express their preferences or when the body became very deformed.
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| 19. |
- Lankinen, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Fokusprojekt Lågriskmedel i växtskyddet
- 2019
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fokusgruppens syfte har varit att definiera kunskapsluckor avseende den praktiska användningen och implementeringen av alternativa medel med låg risk för bekämpning av skadegörare och sjukdomar inom jordbruk, trädgårdsodling och skogsbruk. Vi har utgått från en bred definition av medel med låg risk, som har omfattat både allmänkemikalier och växtskyddsmedel med låg risk (enligt gällande EU-lagstiftning). Trots att det idag finns ett ökat behov av alternativa verktyg inom växtskyddet och politiska mål om minimerad användning av kemiska medel, så är användningen av alternativa bekämpningsmedel i fältodlade grödor mycket begränsad. • En viktig faktor som styr och begränsar tillgängligheten av alternativa medel är EU-lagstiftningen för godkännande av dessa medel. För att kunna registrera ett medel behövs en investering från det företag som ansöker om godkännande, vilket kan vara en anledning till att medel inte blir tillgängliga på marknaden. En annan lagteknisk begränsning är ogynnsamma skatteregler för dessa medel. • Från ett användarperspektiv är bristande kunskap om hur effektiva dessa medel är, hur man bäst applicerar dem samt hur de kan integreras i befintliga växtskyddsstrategier en bidragande orsak till att de inte används fullt ut. • Rådgivningen pekar också på en otydlighet om vilka medel som får användas speciellt i ekologisk produktion och att användningen missgynnas av höga priser i kombination med en osäkerhet om hur effektiva dessa medel är. • I Jordbruksverkets rapport ”Hinder för ökad användning av alternativa bekämpningsmedel” (SJV, Rapport 2019:3), som medlemmar av fokusgruppen har varit med att skriva, är ett av förslagen en utökad rådgivningsverksamhet. Detta eftersom informationsinsatser och aktiv rådgivning kan påverka hur snabbt odlare accepterar och börjar använda ett växtskyddsmedel, speciellt om det har nya egenskaper (och en ny verkningsmekanism). Forskning visar att en ny åtgärd/metod inte bara ska Sammanfattning och slutsatser 5 passa in i befintliga verksamheter utan också passa med attityd och värderingar hos användaren. • Från ett forskningsperspektiv kan vi se ett klart behov av tillämpningsnära forskning framför allt för att få en ökad kunskap om hur alternativa bekämpningsmedel kan integreras i befintliga växtskyddsstrategier. En utmaning är den begränsade mängd forskningsmedel som finns att söka för denna typ av forskning. • Forskningen är ofta väldigt uppdelad mellan agrikultur, hortikultur och skogsbruk. Här skulle man kunna dra nytta av kunskap inom respektive system eftersom vissa aspekter är generella mellan olika system, åtminstone för vissa grödor/träd. • Från ett internationellt perspektiv kan vi se vinster med ett bättre samarbete med närliggande länder, tex Plant Biologicals Network (PBN) som koordineras från Danmark, men även engagemang inom det vidare EUperspektivet (bla lagar). • Ytterligare en slutsats från fokusgruppens arbete är att växtskyddsforskningen på SLU behöver samordnas bättre, tex genom att knyta samman de kompetenscentrum som finns idag – CBC och CKB – med nya strukturer som skulle kunna fokusera på i) analys av växtskadegörare och ii) lågrisk-metoder och hur dessa kan spela en roll i integrerat växtskydd (IPM). • ygarbeta tillsammans för att få till en bra samverkan och kunskapsutbyte.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ljung, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöåtgärder i samverkan : Strategier för att inspirera till miljöåtgärder i jordbruket
- 2013
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Miljöåtgärder i samverkan -Strategier för att inspirera till miljöåtgärder i jordbruket God samverkan, till exempel koordinering av ansökningar om miljöersättningar, kan öka effekten av miljöåtgärder. I den här rapporten analyserar vi samverkansinitiativ inom området miljö och jordbruk. Vi identifierar framgångsfaktorer, svaga punkter och andra kritiska faktorer. Rapporten, som har tagits fram inom projektet CAP:s miljöeffekter, bidrar med underlag för utformning av insatser som kan stimulera samverkan kring miljöåtgärder i jordbruket.
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| 25. |
- Nordström Källström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Can social sustainability be measured?
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A socially sustainable development or social sustainability is a frequently used concept in various situations as well as in rural development. Organisations and governments want different actions to increase the social sustainability in an area or situation. But how do we know that we have achieved our social goals? How can these goals be evaluated? The aim of this paper is to discuss if and how a socially sustainable development can be assessed using social indicators. What indicators should be used? And to what extent are such indicators applicable? When evaluating the Swedish Rural Development Programme 2000-2006 a study to find useful social indicators took place. In this work different attempts from a number of organizations of using social indicators were assessed. As a result from that study 8 categories for indicators were suggested for evaluation of the Swedish Rural Development Programme: 1) Participation, democracy and social status, 2) Networks and social relations, 3) Public welfare, security, safety and working environment, 4) Equal opportunities, 5) Education and learning, 6) Service, infrastructure and accessibility, 7) Subsistence and employment and 8) Financial distribution. Another result is the need of space to create local influence defining indicators. These 8 categories are all relevant and well, but they also pose new challenges to evaluation processes: What are the contents of these categories? Do they have the same value or should they be prioritized? What categories are we missing out when we chose certain categories for measurement? There are also political and normative aspects of social indicators and with social sustainability in general. Can subjective experiences of social sustainability be taken into account? How do social indicators reflect the time aspect, change and development? Indicators are used as evaluative tool in different kinds of contexts. Political efforts towards social sustainability have to be evaluated, and it is often done in quantitative terms, very much tending to neglect important aspects that are not measurable. To grasp even factors and conditions that are less evident in that sense, it could be successful to complete qualitative evaluations with quantitative indicators (of qualitative character). Or the other way: Qualitative analysis provides meaning to and guides the interpretation of quantitative measures. The limits of both quantitative and qualitative measures must be considered when developing useful tools to evaluate achievements in for example the Swedish Rural Development Programme
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Nordström Källström, Helena
(författare)
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Farmland abandonment in Europe: Identification of drivers and indicators, and development of a composite indicator of risk
- 2015
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Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 49, s. 20-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accounting for more than half of the European Union's (EU) territory, agriculture ensures food production, manages important natural resources and supports socio-economic development of rural areas. Moreover, it is estimated that 50% of all plant and animal species (including some of that are listed in the EU Habitat Directive) depend on agricultural practices. The continuation of appropriate agricultural land management is essential to ensure these primary functions. Avoidance of farmland abandonment is therefore an important rationale for the EU's Common Agricultural Policy which requires improved knowledge of this phenomenon at the European level. This study assesses the risk of farmland abandonment in the 27 EU Member States. It summarizes the work performed by an expert panel of European scientists and national representatives which aimed to identify the main drivers of farmland abandonment in Europe, to define indicators for assessing its risk of occurrence and to test the value of European-wide data sources to achieve these aims. Drivers were identified under two rationales: low farm stability and viability, and negative regional context. Indicators were defined using recent socio-economic farm data and geospatial datasets. Some indicators were then combined to make a composite risk indicator. Regions with higher risk of farmland abandonment are located in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Ireland. This paper demonstrates the challenges of performing a European-wide assessment of a phenomenon influenced by drivers whose effects vary at local levels. Other problems encountered are data heterogeneity in terms of spatial resolution and quality, as well as access to micro-data (local level data). High spatial resolution European datasets measuring farmland abandonment are needed to validate the defined indicators as well as to benchmark the methodology. Furthermore, such data could be used to establish a weighting system for the drivers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Nordström Källström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Om illegal jakt i Fennoskandia : rapport från symposium
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett ökat missnöje bland delar av landsbygdsbefolkningen och jägarsamhället gentemot bevarandepolitiken för stora rovdjur har påverkat den sociopolitiskt motiverade illegala jakten på dessa arter. Denna typ av jaktbrott har legat som grund för undersökningen i ett tvärvetenskapligt internationellt samarbetsprojekt lett av forskare vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, vid Ultuna. Efter tre år av djupintervjuer med jägare, en enkätundersökning, jämförelser med andra delar av världen och nära samarbete med forskare i Fennoskandia avslutades projektet 2016. Föreliggande rapport fullbordar resultatförmedlingen och den avslutande diskussionen omkring forskningsresultaten från projektet och ger samtidigt uppslag för framtida forskning. För första gången presenterades hela projektet och dess medlemmar för en publik bestående av praktiker och intressegrupper runt jakt. Rapporten sammanfattar på detta sätt två dagars temadiskussioner i en workshop med 45 representanter från olika samhällssektorer, bland annat jägare- jordbruks- och naturskyddsorganisationer, länsstyrelser, Naturvårdsverket, polis och åklagare som de ser ut i länderna som utgör Fennoskandia: Sverige, Norge, Danmark och Finland. Diskussionerna handlade om social kontroll och illegal jakt, att flytta viltförvaltningen till domstolarna, EUs inflytande och olika plattformar för att förebygga illegal jakt, speciellt på stora rovdjur, som vargar. Rapporten riktar sig till både forskare och praktiker som möter problem med social accepterade, men hemliga och gömda, former av illegal jakt som i sin tur beror av statsapparatens legitimitetskris, misstro mot politik och politiker och som också är en manifestation för landsbygdens motstånd i ett modernt samhälle.The following report marks the dissemination and discussion of the research results and insights for future research produced by this project. Hence, it represents the first time the full research project and its members stand before the public and interest groups. The report synthesizes two days of workshop thematic discussions between 45 participants from societal sectors including hunting and nature conservation NGOs, county administrative boards, Environmental Protection Agencies, law enforcement, environmental attorneys and farming associations as they feature across the Fennoscandian countries: Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. Its discussions center on social control in wildlife crime, the juridification of hunting issues, the influence of the EU and platforms for going forward to mitigate poaching, in particular of large carnivores like the wolf. The report is an essential read for both researchers and practitioners faced with the problem of socially accepted, but secretive and hidden, forms of illegal hunting in response to governmental legitimacy crises, distrust of policy and policy-makers, and as a manifestation of rural resistance in modernity.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Röös, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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How well is farmers' social situation captured by sustainability assessment tools? A Swedish case study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4509 .- 1745-2627. ; 26, s. 268-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research indicates that sustainability assessment tools (SAT) for farms need to be contextually adapted to be acceptable and useful. Focusing specifically on social sustainability, this study sought to identify important aspects of relevance for Swedish (livestock) farmers' social situation and compare these aspects with social indicators used in three existing SATs (RISE, SAFA, IDEA). A survey revealed that social issues of key importance for the self-reported overall life satisfaction of Swedish livestock farmers are: having a good financial situation, having a similar standard of living as others, not experiencing too much stress, having meaningful work, having decent working hours, and having a desirable family situation. Of the three SATs evaluated, RISE appears best equipped to capture the social situation of Swedish farmers but does not fully address the aspect of finding work meaningful. SAFA and IDEA both fail to capture many aspects of importance for describing the social situation of Swedish farmers. We present a novel method for testing the relevance of social indicators for farmers in a specific context. Applying this method before choosing, applying, and adapting SATs for farm-level sustainability assessments would increase the relevance of the social sustainability dimension, but deeper stakeholder engagement than offered by our survey is needed.
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| 34. |
- Von Essen, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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DECONSTRUCTING THE POACHING PHENOMENON A Review of Typologies for Understanding Illegal Hunting
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Criminology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0955 .- 1464-3529. ; 54, s. 632-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review explores the way that the illegal hunting phenomenon has been framed by research. We demarcate three main approaches that have been used to deconstruct the crime. These include 'drivers of the deviance', 'profiling perpetrators' and 'categorizing the crime'. Disciplinary silo thinking on the part of prominent theories, an overreliance on either a micro or a macro perspective, and adherence to either an instrumental or normative perspective are identified as weaknesses in existing approaches. Based on these limitations in addressing sociopolitical dimensions of the phenomenon, we call for a more integrative understanding that moves illegal hunting from being approached as a 'crime' or 'deviance' to being seen as a political phenomenon driven by the concepts of defiance and radicalization.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Von Essen, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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The radicalisation of rural resistance: How hunting counterpublics in the Nordic countries contribute to illegal hunting
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 39, s. 199-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Populist hunting movements have risen in recent years to safeguard rural interests against nature conservation. In extreme cases this movement has been accompanied by the illegal hunting of protected species. Using Sweden and Finland as a case study, the article elucidates how the perceived exclusion of hunters in the public debate on conservation mobilised this subculture toward resistance against regulatory agencies. Establishment of an alternative discursive platform comprising several ruralities - counterpublic in Negt and Kluge's original term - allowed hunters to publicise oppositional needs, interests and rationalities in the debate, and was a key juncture in their radicalisation trajectory. Finally the paper argues that failure to grant recognition to the counterpublic radicalised some individuals beyond counterpublic by engaging in illegal hunting. This practice is marked by the termination of political debate with society and represents a danger to political legitimacy.
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| 38. |
- Von Essen, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a critical and interdisciplinary understanding of illegal hunting : a synthesis of research workshop findings
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Illegal hunting has constituted an expression of contested legitimacy of wildlife regulation across the world for centuries. In the following report, we critically engage with the state of the art on the illegal hunting phenomenon. We do so to reveal emerging scholarly perspectives on the crime. Specifically, we aim to capture the complexity of illegal hunting as a socio-political phenomenon rather than an economically motivated crime. To do so, we adopt a critical perspective that pays particular attention to the societal processes that contribute to the criminalization of historically accepted hunting practices. To capture perspectives on illegal hunting, fifteen researchers from various countries participated in an illegal hunting workshop in Copenhagen 16-17th June 2014. A primary contribution of the research workshop was to bring together criminologists, sociologists, anthropologists and geographers, each equipped with their own research perspective, to engage in a critical and interdisciplinary discussion on how to apprehend and constructively address the challenges of illegal hunting in contemporary society. A majority of those that attended were primarily based in the Nordic and the UK context, which motivated a strong focus on the illegal hunting that currently takes places in these countries. Similar trends of illegal hunting were identified across Europe, many of which traced from EU legislation on the reintroduction of large carnivores or other controversial wildlife conservation projects. In the workshop, proceedings took the form of individual presentations, plenary discussions and group work. Common themes that emerged from these presentations were: illegal hunting as communicating socio-political resistance; the targeting of specific species based on its symbolism or environmental history; illegal hunting as symptom of class struggles; the role of rewilding and domestication of nature on wildlife regulation; corruption, complicity and conflicts of loyalty in enforcement, and discrepancies and discontinuities in legality. These themes were framed in an understanding of illegal hunting as a complex, multifaceted expression that transgresses livelihood based motivation. Critical discussions conceptualised illegal hunting as a crime of dissent. This meant situating crimes as everyday forms of resistance against the regulatory regime. In so doing, the relationship between hunters and public authorities was highlighted as a potential source of disenfranchisement. In this interactionist perspective, illegal hunting tells us not just about the rationales of the offenders. It also elucidates the broader context in which non-compliance with regulation serves as symptoms of democratic and legitimacy deficits on the state level. Erratic transitions in legislation and a subsequent discord between legal, cultural and moral norms in society were identified as factors that contribute to the conflict. Crucially, the research workshop and the report contribute with three perspectives. First, it emphasizes the need to uncover the grey areas of complicity in wildlife crime. Previously corruption, bribery and selective law enforcement have been associated with wildlife trafficking in the global south, but this understanding is too blunt for the complicity that exists in many other contexts. Here conflicts of loyalty exist across several strata of society and differ in degrees. In highlighting this fact, we show a more opaque and contingent climate of complicity around illegal hunting in Northern Europe and elsewhere. Second, as crimes of dissent seeking to publicise injustices, illegal hunting and its associated resistance tactics are counterproductive by constituting a ‘dialogue of the dead’. With this is mean that such communication is prone to distortion, misunderstanding and exaggeration and does no favors to hunters. There is consequently a need to move to a clarity of messages, as in institutionalised diogue processes. Third, hunting regulation cannot be seen in isolation to the broader differences in society in terms of values, economic factors and development. Research questions for future scholarship concluded the workshop and are summarized in the report. In terms of illuminating the junctures at which additional research is needed, these questions may provide important guidance. Above all, the report is intended as help for policy-makers, wildlife managers and law enforcement in better understanding and responding to the complexities of illegal hunting. We hope this will lead to more long-term preventative measures that address the core of the issue rather than proximate causes. The workshop was organized by the Environmental Communication Division of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. The event constituted a part of the FORMAS funded research project Confronting challenges to political legitimacy of the natural resource management regulatory regime in Sweden - the case of illegal hunting in Sweden whose members include Erica von Essen, Dr. Hans Peter Hansen and Dr. Helena Nordström Källström from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Tarla R. Peterson from Texas A&M University and Dr. Nils Peterson from North Carolina State University.
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| 39. |
- Wallin, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Mjölkproducenters uppfattning om nya avelsverktyg : en del av projektet Ökad lönsamhet med nya avelsverktyg i mjölkkobesättningarna
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den ekonomiska situationen är oroande för många mjölkproducenter, inte enbart i Sverige utan stora delar av Europa. Ungefär 6,5 % av de svenska mjölkföretagen läggs ner på årlig basis och det har varit så under de senaste decennierna, men storleksrationaliseringen har pågått längre än så, mjölkgårdarnas antal har minskat sedan mitten på 1900-talet. 2006–2007 var det också en större svacka i lönsamheter i samband med höga spannmålspriser tillsammans med politiska förändringar, och den ekonomiska oron de senaste åren beror främst på vikande mjölkpriser hos de större uppköparna. Avelsarbete är en strategi för att effektivisera mjölkproduktionen, tillsammans med andra åtgärder. Föreliggande rapport presenterar resultatet av en studie baserat på djupintervjuer med mjölkproducenter i Sverige. Intervjustudiens fokus är att belysa mjölkproducenternas åsikter, upplevelser och erfarenheter kring avelsmetoder, avelsrådgivning och avelsstrategier, utifrån sitt eget avelsarbete. Intervjuerna har under sommaren 2015 genomförts i regionerna Halland, Skaraborg och Uppland/Södermanland. Fem avelsmetoder, könssorterad sperma, genomisk selektion av kvigor/kor, embryoöverföring, korsningsavel samt köttras-semin, är fokus i övergripande forskningsprojektet som intervjustudien är en del av. Intervjustudien behandlar de fem avelsmetoderna samt frågor som rör avelsrådgivning, avelsintresse samt avelns betydelse. Ifrån intervjuerna såg vi inga stora skillnader mellan de utvalda regionerna gällande studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Dock såg vi vissa skillnader, även om det empiriska materialet visar nyanser, mellan de gårdar [åtta stycken] som använder avelsrådgivning och de gårdar [sex stycken] som inte gör det. Skillnaderna bestod bl.a. i avelsstrategi, varifrån lantbrukarna köper avelsmaterial och synen på rådgivning. Embryoöverföring, korsningsavel och genomisk selektion av hondjur var de tre avelsverktyg som under intervjuerna innehöll mest varierande åsikter och erfarenheter, t.ex. sågs genomisk selektion som både hjälpmedel och orsak till minskat intresse för avel. Lantbrukare påverkas av det rådande ekonomiska läget i mjölkbranschen. I denna studie har inte syftet varit att undersöka på vilket sätt mjölkproducenter påverkas och till vilken grad, men vi har sett tendenser att situationen påverkar lantbrukarnas avelsarbete. Berättelserna från lantbrukarna vittnar om att mjölkpriset och livdjursmarknaden är två exempel på faktorer som påverkar bl.a. val av avelsmetoder och strategi.
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