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| 3. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 4. |
- Lai, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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GOALS-JWST: Small Neutral Grains and Enhanced 3.3 μm PAH Emission in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 7469
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 957:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) integral field spectroscopy of the nearby luminous infrared galaxy NGC 7469. We take advantage of the high spatial/spectral resolution and wavelength coverage of JWST/NIRSpec to study the 3.3 μm neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) grain emission on ∼200 pc scales. A clear change in the average grain properties between the star-forming ring and the central AGN is found. Regions in the vicinity of the AGN, with [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] > 0.25, tend to have larger grain sizes and lower aliphatic-to-aromatic (3.4/3.3) ratios, indicating that smaller grains are preferentially removed by photodestruction in the vicinity of the AGN. PAH emission at the nucleus is weak and shows a low 11.3/3.3 PAH ratio. We find an overall suppression of the total PAH emission relative to the ionized gas in the central 1 kpc region of the AGN in NGC 7469 compared to what has been observed with Spitzer on 3 kpc scales. However, the fractional 3.3 μm-to-total PAH power is enhanced in the starburst ring, possibly due to a variety of physical effects on subkiloparsec scales, including recurrent fluorescence of small grains or multiple photon absorption by large grains. Finally, the IFU data show that while the 3.3 μm PAH-derived star formation rate (SFR) in the ring is 27% higher than that inferred from the [Ne ii] and [Ne iii] emission lines, the integrated SFR derived from the 3.3 μm feature would be underestimated by a factor of 2 due to the deficit of PAHs around the AGN, as might occur if a composite system like NGC 7469 were to be observed at high redshift.
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| 5. |
- Bianchin, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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GOALS-JWST: Gas Dynamics and Excitation in NGC 7469 Revealed by NIRSpec
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 965:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new JWST NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data for the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 7469, a nearby (70.6 Mpc) active galaxy with a Seyfert 1.5 nucleus that drives a highly ionized gas outflow and a prominent nuclear star-forming ring. Using the superb sensitivity and high spatial resolution of the JWST instrument NIRSpec IFS, we investigate the role of the Seyfert nucleus in the excitation and dynamics of the circumnuclear gas. Our analysis focuses on the [Fe ii], H2, and hydrogen recombination lines that trace the radiation/shocked-excited molecular and ionized interstellar medium around the active galactic nucleus (AGN). We investigate gas excitation through H2/Brγ and [Fe ii]/Paβ emission line ratios and find that photoionization by the AGN dominates within the central 300 pc of the galaxy except in a small region that shows signatures of shock-heated gas; these shock-heated regions are likely associated with a compact radio jet. In addition, the velocity field and velocity dispersion maps reveal complex gas kinematics. Rotation is the dominant feature, but we also identify noncircular motions consistent with gas inflows as traced by the velocity residuals and the spiral pattern in the Paα velocity dispersion map. The inflow is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the AGN accretion rate. The compact nuclear radio jet has enough power to drive the highly ionized outflow. This scenario suggests that the inflow and outflow are in a self-regulating feeding-feedback process, with a contribution from the radio jet helping to drive the outflow.
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| 6. |
- Kader, M., et al.
(författare)
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Mobility device use in people with Parkinson's disease : A 3-year follow-up study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314. ; 138:1, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to investigate how the use and perceived unmet need of mobility devices (MD) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) evolve over a 3-year period. Methods: The study reports baseline assessments (n = 255) and comparisons for participants with complete data at baseline and the 3-year follow-up (n = 165). Structured questions addressed the use and perceived unmet need of various MDs indoor and outdoor (eg, canes, wheeled walkers, and manual and powered wheelchairs). McNemar tests were used to investigate differences over time. Results: In the total sample at baseline, 30% and 52% of the participants reported using MDs indoors and outdoors, respectively. Among those with complete data also at the 3-year follow-up, the proportion of participants using MDs increased significantly (P < .001) from 22% to 40% for indoors and from 48% to 66% for outdoors, with transition of MD toward more assistive potential (ie, wheeled walker and manual wheelchair). Wheeled walkers were the most commonly used MD indoors as well as outdoors on both occasions. Among the users of multiple MDs, the most common combination was cane and wheeled walker on both occasions. The proportion of participants who reported a perceived unmet need of MDs was 5% at baseline, whereas it was 21%, 3 years later. Conclusions: The use and perceived unmet need of MDs in people with PD increase over time. There is a need for addressing MDs at clinical follow-ups of people with PD, with continuous attention in primary health care and municipality contexts.
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| 7. |
- Zamli, K. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Henry gas solubility optimization algorithm with dynamic cluster-to-algorithm mapping
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neural Computing & Applications. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0941-0643 .- 1433-3058. ; 33, s. 8389-8416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses a new variant of Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO) Algorithm, called Hybrid HGSO (HHGSO). Unlike its predecessor, HHGSO allows multiple clusters serving different individual meta-heuristic algorithms (i.e., with its own defined parameters and local best) to coexist within the same population. Exploiting the dynamic cluster-to-algorithm mapping via penalized and reward model with adaptive switching factor, HHGSO offers a novel approach for meta-heuristic hybridization consisting of Jaya Algorithm, Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm, Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, and Owl Search Algorithm, respectively. The acquired results from the selected two case studies (i.e., involving team formation problem and combinatorial test suite generation) indicate that the hybridization has notably improved the performance of HGSO and gives superior performance against other competing meta-heuristic and hyper-heuristic algorithms.
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| 10. |
- Fakhardji, Wissam, et al.
(författare)
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Collision-induced absorption in Ar–Kr gas mixtures : A molecular dynamics study with new potential and dipole data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 151:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have implemented a scheme for classical molecular dynamics simulations of collision-induced absorption. The program has been applied to a gas mixture of argon (Ar) and krypton (Kr). The simulations are compared with accurate quantum dynamical calculations. The comparisons of the absorption coefficients show that classical molecular dynamics is correct within 10% for photon wave numbers up to 220 cm−1 at a temperature of 200 K for this system. At higher temperatures, the agreement is even better. Molecular dynamics accounts for many-body interactions, which, for example, give rise to continuous dimer formation and destruction in the gas. In this way, the method has an advantage compared with bimolecular classical (trajectory) treatments. The calculations are carried out with a new empirical Ar–Kr pair potential. This has been obtained through extensive analysis of experimental thermophysical and transport properties. We also present a new high level ab initio Ar–Kr potential curve for comparison, as well as ab initio interaction-induced dipole curves computed with different methods. In addition, the Ar–Kr polarizability and hyperpolarizability are reported. A comparison of the computed absorption spectra with an experiment taken at 300 K shows satisfactory agreement although a difference in absolute magnitude of 10%–15% persists. This discrepancy we attribute mainly to experimental uncertainty.
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| 11. |
- Fakhardji, Wissam, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution from dimers to the collision-induced absorption spectra in an Ar–Kr gas mixture
- 2019
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Ingår i: 24th International Conference on Spectral Lines Shapes 17-22 June 2018, Dublin, Ireland. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed an empirical Barker, Fisher and Watts (BFW) interatomic potential for the Ar–Kr pair along with a dipole moment computed from first principles using Møller–Plesset perturbation theory to second order (MP2). Using these results, we performed molecular dynamics calculations to compute the Ar–Kr collision induced absorption (CIA) spectrum at different temperatures. By comparing them to other calculations using a two body interaction treated with quantum mechanics, we have shown that the difference is due to the dimer's contribution which grows in importance as the temperature is lowered.
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| 12. |
- Fakhardji, Wissam, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics calculations of collision-induced absorption in a gas mixture of neon and krypton
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 152:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We continue the development of the in-house molecular dynamics software package SpaCIAL and test it for the computation of the collision-induced absorption coefficients for a neon (Ne) and krypton (Kr) gas mixture. An apodization procedure for the dipole autocorrelation function is implemented and tested. We also carry out a statistical study of the convergence rate with respect to ensemble size. The resulting absorption coefficients show a good accordance with quantum mechanical results. Comparison with laboratory measurements shows agreement within 10%–20% at T = 295 K. At T = 480 K, a larger difference of 40%–80% is observed, which can presumably be explained by experimental uncertainties. For the study, an empirical (Barker, Fisher, and Watts) interaction-potential [Mol. Phys. 21, 657 (1971)] for Ne–Kr has been developed. Ab initio {coupled cluster with singles and doubles (triples) [CCSD(T)]} potentials for Ne–Ne, Kr–Kr, and Ne–Kr have been computed, as well as the CCSD(T) interaction-induced Ne–Kr dipole moment curve.
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| 14. |
- Fredlund, K.M, et al.
(författare)
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NADH-ferricyanide reductases in plant membranes
- 1996
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Ingår i: Plant Membrane Biology- Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe -38. ; , s. 143-151
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Gustafsson, Magnus, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Collision-induced absorption in Ar-Xe: a comparative study of empirical and ab initio interaction potentials and electric dipole moments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical Barker-Fisher-Watts and modified Tang-Toennies potential energy curves are obtained through fit to experimental vibrational transition energies for argon–argon, xenon–xenon, and argon–xenon pairs. The potentials are tested against experimental thermophysical and transport properties, and agreement is observed. Also, an interaction-induced electric dipole moment curve for the argon–xenon pair is determined through a fit to experimental spectral moments for collision-induced absorption. The argon–xenon potentials and dipole are tested in a complete quantum dynamical calculation of the collision-induced absorption profiles, which can be compared with a laboratory measurement. This provides further analysis of the accuracy of the empirical argon–xenon data, as calculations of absorption profiles are highly sensitive to the input of molecular data.
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| 16. |
- Kader, Md. Abdul, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review on emperor penguin optimizer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neural Computing & Applications. - : Springer. - 0941-0643 .- 1433-3058. ; 33:23, s. 15933-15953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO) is a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm to solve general optimization problems. The main strength of EPO is twofold. Firstly, EPO has low learning curve (i.e., based on the simple analogy of huddling behavior of emperor penguins in nature (i.e., surviving strategy during Antarctic winter). Secondly, EPO offers straightforward implementation. In the EPO, the emperor penguins represent the candidate solution, huddle denotes the search space that comprises a two-dimensional L-shape polygon plane, and randomly positioned of the emperor penguins represents the feasible solution. Among all the emperor penguins, the focus is to locate an effective mover representing the global optimal solution. To-date, EPO has slowly gaining considerable momentum owing to its successful adoption in many broad range of optimization problems, that is, from medical data classification, economic load dispatch problem, engineering design problems, face recognition, multilevel thresholding for color image segmentation, high-dimensional biomedical data analysis for microarray cancer classification, automatic feature selection, event recognition and summarization, smart grid system, and traffic management system to name a few. Reflecting on recent progress, this paper thoroughly presents an in-depth study related to the current EPO's adoption in the scientific literature. In addition to highlighting new potential areas for improvements (and omission), the finding of this study can serve as guidelines for researchers and practitioners to improve the current state-of-the-arts and state-of-practices on general adoption of EPO while highlighting its new emerging areas of applications.
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| 21. |
- Xu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of absolute risk for prostate cancer using genetic markers and family history
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 69:14, s. 1565-1572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiple DNA sequence variants in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be reproducibly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. METHODS: Absolute risk for PCa among men with various numbers of inherited risk alleles and family history of PCa was estimated in a population-based case-control study in Sweden (2,893 cases and 1,781 controls), and a nested case-control study from the Prostate, Lung, Colon and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial in the U.S. (1,172 cases and 1,157 controls). RESULTS: Increased number of risk alleles and positive family history were independently associated with PCa risk. Considering men with 11 risk alleles (mode) and negative family history as having baseline risk, men who had >or=14 risk alleles and positive family history had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.64-6.64] in the Swedish study. These associations were confirmed in the U.S. population. Once a man's SNP genotypes and family history are known, his absolute risk for PCa can be readily calculated and easily interpreted. For example, 55-year-old men with a family history and >or=14 risk alleles have a 52% and 41% risk of being diagnosed with PCa in the next 20 years in the Swedish and U.S. populations, respectively. In comparison, without knowledge of genotype and family history, these men had an average population absolute risk of 13%. CONCLUSION: This risk prediction model may be used to identify men at considerably elevated PCa risk who may be selected for chemoprevention.
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