| 1. |
- Johnson, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Fatty acids in ADHD: plasma profiles in a placebo-controlled study of Omega 3/6 fatty acids in children and adolescents.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-6116 .- 1866-6647. ; 4:4, s. 199-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess baseline levels and changes in plasma fatty acid profiles in children and adolescents with ADHD, in a placebo-controlled study with Omega 3/6 supplementation, and to compare with treatment response. Seventy-five children and adolescents aged 8-18years with DSM-IV ADHD were randomized to 3months of Omega 3/6 (Equazen eye q) or placebo, followed by 3months of open phase Omega 3/6 for all. n-3, n-6, n-6/n-3 ratio, EPA and DHA in plasma were measured at baseline, 3 and 6months. Subjects with more than 25% reduction in ADHD symptoms were classified as responders. At baseline, no significant differences in mean fatty acid levels were seen across active/placebo groups or responder/non-responder groups. The 0-3month changes in all parameters were significantly greater in the active group (p<0.01). Compared to non-responders, the 6-month responders had significantly greater n-3 increase at 3months and decrease in n-6/n-3 ratio at 3 and 6months (p<0.05). Omega 3/6 supplementation had a clear impact on fatty acid composition of plasma phosphatidyl choline in active versus placebo group, and the fatty acid changes appear to be associated with treatment response. The most pronounced and long-lasting changes for treatment responders compared to non-responders were in the n-6/n-3 ratio.
|
|
| 2. |
- Hult, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
-
ADHD and the QbTest: Diagnostic Validity of QbTest.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 22:11, s. 1074-1080
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We assess the diagnostic accuracy of the QbTest, which measures the cardinal symptoms of ADHD. METHOD: The study group comprised 182 children (mean age about 10 years), of whom 124 had ADHD and 58 had other clinical diagnosis of which 81% had ASD. RESULTS: Only QbTest parameters for inattention and hyperactivity differentiated between ADHD and other clinical diagnoses at the p ≤ .01 level, not for measures of impulsivity. Sensitivity ranged from 47% to 67% and specificity from 72% to 84%. Positive predictive value ranged from 41% to 86%, and negative predictive value from 43% to 86%. Area under the curve varied from .70 to .80. CONCLUSION: The ability of the individual QbTest parameters to identify ADHD was moderate. The test's ability to discriminate between ADHD subtypes was unsatisfactory.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johnson, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder in Swedish children - an open study of collaborative problem solving.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 101:6, s. 624-630
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) in Swedish 6-13-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Methods: Seventeen families completed 6-10 sessions of CPS training. Primary outcome measures were SNAP-IV (ADHD and ODD scores) and Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I) scores at baseline, post-intervention and 6 months later. Secondary outcome measures were the Conners'-10-item scale and the Family Burden of Illness Module (FBIM). Results: All 17 participants completed the intervention. The whole group had significant reductions in SNAP-IV ODD, ADHD, total Conners' and FBIM scores, both post-intervention and at 6-month-follow-up. Eight of the children, although significantly improved on ODD scores and the Conners' emotional lability subscale at post-intervention, had almost no improvement in hyperactivity/impulsivity. Post-intervention, this group received stimulant medication for their ADHD. At post-intervention CGI-I scores of much improved or very much improved were reached by 53% (9/17) of all at post-intervention, and by 81% (13/16) at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: CPS significantly reduced ODD, ADHD and emotional lability symptoms. A subgroup improved in their ADHD symptoms only after adding stimulant medication.
|
|
| 4. |
- Johnson, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in children and adolescents.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:5, s. 394-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to assess omega 3/6 fatty acids (eye q) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: The study included a randomized, 3-month, omega 3/6 placebo-controlled, one-way crossover trial with 75 children and adolescents (8–18 years), followed by 3 months with omega 3/6 for all. Investigator-rated ADHD Rating Scale–IV and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale were outcome measures. Results: A majority did not respond to omega 3/6 treatment. However, a subgroup of 26% responded with more than 25% reduction of ADHD symptoms and a drop of CGI scores to the near-normal range. After 6 months, 47% of all showed such improvement. Responders tended to have ADHD inattentive subtype and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusion: A subgroup of children and adolescents with ADHD, characterized by inattention and associated neurodevelopmental disorders, treated with omega 3/6 fatty acids for 6 months responded with meaningful reduction of ADHD symptoms.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kadesjö, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
ADHD in Swedish 3- to 7-year-old children.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - 0890-8567. ; 40:9, s. 1021-1028
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a representative group of clinically impaired young children in Sweden with the disorder. Method: One hundred thirty-one children with ADHD (aged 3–7 years) were examined, and their parents were interviewed. Independent parent questionnaire data (Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Conners) were collected. For comparison 131 children without ADHD were matched for age, gender, parents’ marital status, child’s adoption status, and social class. Results: Children with ADHD had extremely high ADHD symptom levels—on average four to eight times higher than the comparison group. Sociodemographic correlates of ADHD symptoms were more pronounced in parent questionnaire data than in parent interview data, underscoring the importance of diagnostic interview when dealing with clinical issues. Very few of the children with ADHD (6%) appeared “normal” with regard to attention/activity level at clinical examination.Conclusions: Clinic children with a diagnosis of DSMIV ADHD have typical and impairing symptoms already before starting school. The variance of ADHD in this age group appears to be accounted for by primary psychosocial factors only to a limited degree. It would seem reasonable to establish supportive and treatment measures for these young children so that the psychosocial and academic problems shown by so many individuals with ADHD later in their development might be reduced.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kadesjö, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder in 3- to 7-year-old children
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 45:10, s. 693-699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a high degree of associated behavioural problems. In order to study characteristics of ADHD with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in a representative group of young children with clinical impairment in Sweden, 131 children (101 males, 30 females) with ADHD (mean age 5 years, SD 1 year 5 months; range 3 to 7 years) were clinically examined, and their parents interviewed. Independent questionnaire data (Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, ODD Rating Scale-IV, Conners Hyperactivity Index) were collected. For comparison 131 children without ADHD were matched for sex, age, marital status, and socioeconomic status (115 males, 16 females; mean age 4 years 10 months, SD 1 year 5 months; range 3 to 7 years). Sixty percent of those with ADHD met full DSM-IV criteria for ODD. Only 10 of the 131 children with ADHD had no symptoms of ODD at all. The rate of children meeting full diagnostic criteria for ODD was similar across all age cohorts. Males were overrepresented in ODD, as were children of divorced parents and of mothers with low socioeconomic status. ADHD combined subtype was a stable independent factor influencing the diagnosis of ODD, regardless of psychosocial factors. Those with ADHD with ODD consistently showed higher rates of ADHD symptoms than did those with ADHD without ODD. The prevalent comorbidity of ADHD with ODD indicates that all children presenting with ADHD or ODD symptoms need to be assessed with a view to exploring both types of problem behaviours. The link between ODD and some psychosocial variables indicates the need to address these, possibly by measures such as parent training and network support.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Carlsson, Emilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Negotiating knowledge: parents’ experience of the neuropsychiatric diagnostic process for children with autism
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International journal of language and communication disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822. ; 51:3, s. 328-338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Parents often recognize problems in their child’s development earlier than health professionals do and there is new emphasis on the importance of involving parents in the diagnostic process. In Gothenburg, Sweden, over 100 children were identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 2009–11 through a general population language and autism screening of 2.5 year olds at the city’s child healthcare centres. Aims: To increase understanding of parents’ lived experience of the neuropsychiatric diagnostic process, i.e. the period from the initial screening at age 2.5 years to the 2-year follow-up of the ASD diagnosis. Methods & Procedures: A qualitative design, a phenomenological hermeneutic method, was used. Interviews were conducted with parents of 11 children who were diagnosed with ASD 2 years prior. The parents were interviewed about their experiences of the neuropsychiatric diagnostic process, i.e. the time before the screening, the time during the neuropsychiatric multidisciplinary evaluation and the time after diagnosis. The interviews lasted for 45–130 min, and an interview guide with set questions was used. Most of the interviews were conducted at the parents’ homes. Outcomes & Results: The essence that emerged from the data was negotiating knowledge, and the three themes capturing the parents’ experiences of going through the process of having their child diagnosed with ASD were seeking knowledge, trusting and challenging experts, and empowered but alone. Conclusions & Implications: The parents expected intervention to start directly after diagnosis but felt they had to fight to obtain the resources their child needed. After the process, they described that they felt empowered but still alone, i.e. although they received useful and important information about their child, they were left to manage the situation by themselves. As for clinical implications, the study points to the necessity of developing routines to support the parents during and after the diagnostic process. Recommended measures include developing a checklist outlining relevant contacts and agencies, establishing a coordinator responsible for each child, dividing the summary meeting at the clinic into two parts, making more than one visit to the preschool, and providing a parental training programme.
|
|
| 9. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
ADHD bör uppmärksammas mer - tidiga insatser spar lidande.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorder affecting about 5 percent of children. About 2-3 percent meet diagnostic criteria in adulthood as well. The core symptoms include inattention with or without hyperactivity/restlessness and impulsivity. The main cognitive deficit involves executive functions, probably related to a weak reward system. Symptoms will affect daily functioning at home, among friends and at school/work. In girls and women particularly, a correct diagnosis of ADHD is often late, or is not at all appropriately considered. Co-existing disorders are common; dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder, emotional lability, conduct disorder, autistic symptoms, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, Tourette syndrome, eating disorder, sleeping disorder, and substance abuse. Extensive research in ADHD has increased knowledge in genetics, neurobiology, neuropsychology, intervention, and treatment. Despite this, many individuals with ADHD are not offered a correct assessment, and accordingly, not given appropriate support and treatment.
|
|
| 10. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
ADHD With Developmental Coordination Disorder
- 2009
-
Ingår i: ADHD Comorbidities: Handbook for ADHD Complications in Children and Adults. Attention Deficit Disorders and Comorbidities in Children, Adolescents and Adults. Editor Thomas E. Brown. - Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 11. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-existing disorders in ADHD -- implications for diagnosis and intervention.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 13 Suppl 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is only recently that "comorbidity" in ADHD has come to the forefront as one of the most important aspects of the disorder. It is agreed that, often, these problems are at least as important as ADHD in contributing to the longer term outcome in the individual child. OBJECTIVE: To provide the reader with basic information about clinics and treatment of "comorbidity" in ADHD. METHOD: Review of the empirically based literature. RESULTS: ADHD exists in a surprisingly high frequency together with a broad range of child neuropsychiatric disorders. This is accompanied with many still unresolved treatment problems. CONCLUSION: It would not be appropriate to develop ADHD-services where clinicians would only have expertise in ADHD as such. Anyone working with children, adolescents and adults with ADHD would need to have training in general neuropsychiatry. Further research in this field is urgently needed.
|
|
| 12. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Why bother about clumsiness? The implications of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Neural Plasticity. - 2090-5904. ; 10:1-2, s. 59-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common motor problem affecting--even in rather severe form--several percent of school age children. In the past, DCD has usually been called "clumsy child syndrome" or "non-cerebral-palsy motor-perception dysfunction". This disorder is more common in boys than in girls and is very often associated with psychopathology, particularly with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders/ autistic-type problems. Conversely, children with ADHD and autism spectrum problems, particularly those given a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, have a very high rate of comorbid DCD. Psychiatrists appear to be unaware of this type of comorbidity in their young patients. Neurologists, on the other hand, usually pay little attention to the striking behavioral and emotional problems shown by so many of their "clumsy" patients. A need exists for a much clearer focus on DCD-in child psychiatry and in child neurology-both in research and in clinical practice.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Hirvikoski, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Using the five to fifteen-collateral informant questionnaire for retrospective assessment of childhood symptoms in adults with and without autism or ADHD
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 30, s. 1367-1381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to lack of previous studies, we aimed at evaluating the use of the Five to Fifteen (FTF) questionnaire in adults with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and in controls without NDD. The NDD group consisted of adults with autism spectrum disorder ASD (n = 183) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 174) without intellectual disability, recruited from a tertiary outpatient clinic. A web survey was used to collect data from general population adult control group without NDD (n = 738). The participants were retrospectively rated by their parents regarding childhood symptoms, using five to fifteen-collateral informant questionnaire (FTF-CIQ). Adults with NDD had higher FTF-CIQ domain and subdomain scores than controls, and displayed similar test profiles as children with corresponding diagnosis in previous studies. Based on the FTF-CIQ domain scores, 84.2% of the study participants (93% of the controls; 64% of the adults with NDD) were correctly classified in a logistic regression analysis. Likewise, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on FTF-CIQ total sum score indicated that a cut-off value of 20.50 correctly classified 90% of the controls and 67% of the clinical cases, whilst a cut-off value of 30.50 correctly classified 84% of the controls and 77% of the clinical cases. The factor analysis revealed three underlying components: learning difficulties, cognitive and executive functions; social skills and emotional/behavioural symptoms; as well as motor and perceptual skills. Whilst not designed as a diagnostic instrument, the FTF-CIQ may be useful for providing information on childhood symptoms and associated difficulties in individuals assessed for NDD as adults.
|
|
| 15. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945
(författare)
-
ADHD/DAMP : en uppdatering
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Epidemiologi och psykosociala faktorer. Red: Vanna Beckman. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144035322
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 16. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945
(författare)
-
ADHD och missbruk
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Kan det vara missbruk?. - Stockholm : Svenska Läkaresällskapet.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 17. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Attention deficits and clumsiness in Swedish 7-year-old children.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 40:12, s. 796-804
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A population study of 409 seven-year-old children in a middle-sized Swedish town was performed. All children were examined by the same doctor and evaluated by means of parent interview, motor examinations, and teacher reports on behaviour in the classroom. Follow-up was carried out 8 months later. The rate of severe problems in the fields of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and deficits in attention, motor control, and perception (DAMP) (the combination of ADHD and DCD) was 6.1%, with boys being affected more frequently than girls. There was considerable overlap between ADHD and DCD, with about half of each diagnostic group also meeting criteria for the other diagnosis. Attention deficits at diagnosis strongly predicted attention deficits at follow-up. If parents had noted attention deficits in the home setting, then teachers almost always independently agreed that there were similar problems in the classroom. However, the reverse did not always apply. Clumsiness also showed striking stability over time. The diagnosis of DAMP, particularly severe DAMP, had a stronger association with classroom dysfunction and with high Conners scores than did diagnoses of ADHD or DCD. It is concluded that DAMP may be a clinically valid diagnostic construct.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Developmental coordination disorder in Swedish 7-year-old children
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 38:7, s. 820-828
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence, comorbidity, and outcome in developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHOD: In this population study of 7-year-olds undergoing individual examination plus teacher and parent interviews, children were followed up at ages 8, 9, and 10 years. RESULTS: Severe DCD occurred in 4.9% and moderate DCD in another 8.6%. Boy-girl ratios ranged from 4:1 to 7:1. Children with severe and moderate DCD did not differ from each other on any measure, but both groups were clearly separated from children without DCD with respect to associated attention deficit symptoms. Asperger's disorder symptoms, school dysfunction scores, and outcome. Approximately half of all children with DCD had moderate to severe symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CONCLUSIONS: DCD is a common problem, and it is strongly associated with ADHD symptoms. A diagnosis of DCD at age 7 years predicts DCD at age 8 years and restricted reading comprehension at age 10 years. Clinicians need to acquaint themselves with DCD and its comorbidity so that they can provide better services to affected children.
|
|
| 21. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945
(författare)
-
Elever med koncentrationsproblem
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Evidensbaserad elevhälsa. Redaktörer Josef Milerad och Carl Lindgren. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144089690 ; , s. 249-260
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945
(författare)
-
Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in a young school-age population. Epidemiology and comorbidity in a school health perspective
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A total population of 826 7-year old children attended schools in Karlstad, a middle-sized town in central Sweden in August of 1992. Of these, 818 attended mainstream classrooms. The remaining 8, attending special schools, had been comprehensively assessed by the county habilitation team and diagnosed as having autistic disorder (n=4), Down syndrome (n=2) and cerebral palsy (n=2) with or without various comorbidities. Exactly half of the 818 children in mainstream classrooms were assigned for neuropsychiatric study in a school health setting. These 409 children were all personally examined by the author using a broad battery of instruments including teacher and parent questionnaires, teacher and parent interviews, and neurodevelop-mental and motor examination of the child. In addition, teachers evaluated motor performance, phonological and reading ability in connection with this first diagnostic assessment. The DSM-III-R was used for diagnostic classifications. Alternative diagnostic systems were used for certain categories (DAMP (Deficits in Attention, Motor control and Perception) and Asperger syndrome in particular). Follow-up measures 0.5-4 years after initial evaluation included motor examination by teachers, portions of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, the Raven Coloured Matrices Test, tests of reading comprehension, Conners teacher screening and the Asperger Syndrome Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Screens and register searchers were also accomplished with the aim of identifying cases of autism spectrum disorders and tic disorders. Clinically severely impairing ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and/or DAMP, i.e. ADHD with DCD (developmental coordination disorder) was identified in 3.7% of the population. An additional 1.1% had autistic disorder or Asperger syndrome. Tourette syndrome was identified in 1.2% of the population but only in about 0.15% if attendance at a specialised clinic was required for a diagnosis to be made. Many more children were affected by DCD, mental retardation and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Boys were generally much more often affected than girls were. The rate of comorbidity was extremely high. For instance, in ADHD, more than four in five of all affected children had other clinically impairing syndromes. DAMP was a considerably stronger predictor for negative outcome than was ADHD without DCD, particularly as regards social and reading skills several years after initial assessment. The results are discussed as they relate to the need for screening, diagnosis and intervention in a school health perspective.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
The comorbidity of ADHD in the general population of Swedish school-age children
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. - 0021-9630. ; 42:04, s. 487-492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined patterns of comorbid/associated diagnoses and associated problems in a population sample of children with and without DSM-III-R attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Half (N = 409) of a mainstream school population of Swedish 7-year-olds were clinically examined, and parents and teachers were interviewed and completed questionnaires. The children were followed up 2–4 years later. Eighty-seven per cent of children meeting full criteria for ADHD (N = 15) had one or more—and 67% at least two—comorbid diagnoses. The most common comorbidities were oppositional defiant disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Children with subthreshold ADHD (N = 42) also had very high rates of comorbid diagnoses (71% and 36%), whereas those without ADHD (N = 352) had much lower rates (17% and 3%). The rate of associated school adjustment, learning, and behaviour problems at follow-up was very high in the ADHD groups. We concluded that pure ADHD is rare even in a general population sample. Thus, studies reporting on ADHD cases without comorbidity probably refer to highly atypical samples. By and large, such studies cannot inform rational clinical decisions.
|
|
| 26. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
The FTF (Five to Fifteen): the development of a parent questionnaire for the assessment of ADHD and comorbid conditions.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 13 Suppl 3, s. 3-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development of a new parent questionnaire ("Five to Fifteen", or the FTF) for elicitation of symptoms and problems typical of ADHD and its comorbidities. The FTF comprises 181 statements related to behavioural or developmental problems that can be endorsed as either "does not apply" (0), applies sometimes or to some extent" (1), "definitely applies" (2), plus a number of open-ended questions including some about the child's strengths. The items are arranged into eight different domains (memory, learning, language, executive functions, motor skills, perception, social skills, and emotional/behavioural problems), most of which can be subdivided into subdomains. For each domain, a mean score ranging from 0-2 can be calculated. A representative sample (n=1350) of the total population of 6-15-year-old children was targeted. Parents of 63% of these completed a questionnaire and returned it to the researchers. Boys showed significantly more problems than did girls across domains and age. Younger children had more problems than pre-adolescents and adolescents (except in the domains of social skills and emotional/behavioural problems). Executive dysfunction was common, and 5.3% of all children in the population had clear problems suggesting a diagnosis of ADHD according to parent report. The paper provides means, medians, and 90(th) and 95(th) centiles for individual items as well as for the eight domains. The Discussion centres on whether or not the FTF can (or should) be used in school-aged children for the identification of children at risk for ADHD or other early childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder.
|
|
| 27. |
- Kadesjö, Björn, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Tourette's disorder: epidemiology and comorbidity in primary school children.
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 39:5, s. 548-555
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To study prevalence and comorbidity of Tourette's disorder in the general population of children and in a clinical setting. Method School-age children in the general population and children attending a county-wide tic disorder clinic were screened and examined by the same doctor. Behavioral-psychometric instruments with demonstrated reliability and validity were used. Results Depending on the sample characteristics, 0.15% to 1.1% of all children had Tourette's disorder. Boys outnumbered girls by 4:1 through 6:1. Attention deficits and empathy/autism spectrum problems (including Asperger's disorder) were very common, each type of comorbidity affecting approximately two thirds of individuals with Tourette's disorder. Overall behavior problem scores were high, and affected children exhibited a marked degree of functional impairment. Conclusions Tourette's disorder is a common disorder with high rates of significant comorbidity. In most cases, attention deficits and empathy problems are likely to cause more suffering than the tics per se. Key Words: Tourette's disorder; prevalence; comorbidity; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism; Asperger's disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; deficits in attention; motor control; perception
|
|
| 28. |
- Lambek, Rikke, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender differences on the Five to Fifteen questionnaire in a non-referred sample with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity and a clinic-referred sample with hyperkinetic disorder.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 51:6, s. 540-547
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine gender differences in children with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on the Five to Fifteen (FTF) parent questionnaire. First, non-referred girls (n = 43) and boys (n = 51) with problems of attention and hyperactivity-impulsivity and then clinic-referred girls (n = 35) and boys (n = 66) with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) were compared on the FTF. Results suggested that non-referred boys were more hyperactive-impulsive than non-referred girls, whereas clinic-referred boys and girl with HKD were more similar than dissimilar on the FTF questionnaire. Secondly, it was examined whether the application of gender mixed norms versus gender specific norms would result in varying proportions of clinic-referred children with HKD being identified as impaired on the subdomains of the FTF questionnaire. Based on results it was concluded that the use of a gender mixed normative sample may lead to overestimation of impairment in boys with HKD, but the type of sample applied to define impairment on the FTF should depend on the purpose for applying the questionnaire.
|
|
| 29. |
- Larson, Tomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
The autism--tics, AD/HD and other comorbidities inventory (A-TAC): further validation of a telephone interview for epidemiological research.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Reliable, valid, and easy-to-administer instruments to identify possible caseness and to provide proxies for clinical diagnoses are needed in epidemiological research on child and adolescent mental health.The aim of this study is to provide further validity data for a parent telephone interview focused on Autism - Tics, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and other Comorbidities (A-TAC), for which reliability and preliminary validation data have been previously reported. METHODS: Parents of 91 children clinically diagnosed at a specialized Child Neuropsychiatric Clinic, 366 control children and 319 children for whom clinical diagnoses had been previously assigned were interviewed by the A-TAC over the phone. Interviewers were blind to clinical information. Different scores from the A-TAC were compared to the diagnostic outcome. RESULTS: Areas under ROC curves for interview scores as predictors of clinical diagnoses were around 0.95 for most disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), tic disorders, developmental coordination disorders (DCD) and learning disorders, indicating excellent screening properties. Screening cut-off scores with sensitivities above 0.90 (0.95 for ASD and AD/HD) were established for most conditions, as well as cut-off scores to identify proxies to clinical diagnoses with specificities above 0.90 (0.95 for ASD and AD/HD). CONCLUSIONS: The previously reported validity of the A-TAC was supported by this larger replication study using broader scales from the A-TAC-items and a larger number of diagnostic categories. Short versions of algorithms worked as well as larger. Different cut-off levels for screening versus identifying proxies for clinical diagnoses are warranted. Data on the validity for mood problems and oppositional defiant/conduct problems are still lacking. Although the A-TAC is principally intended for epidemiological research and general investigations, the instrument may be useful as a tool to collect information in clinical practice as well.
|
|
| 30. |
- Miniscalco, Carmela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Development problems were common five years after positive screening for language disorders and, or, autism at 2.5 years of age.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study identified whether children who had screened positive for either developmental language disorder (DLD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the age of 2.5 years had neurodevelopmental assessments five years later.Our study cohort were 288 children born from 1 July 2008 to 20 June 2009 who screened positive for DLD and, or, ASD at 2.5 years. Of these, 237 children were referred to, and assessed, at the Paediatric Speech and Language Pathology clinic (n = 176) or the Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic (n = 61) at the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Clinical registers covering all relevant outpatient clinics were reviewed five years later with regard to established diagnoses.When the 237 were followed up five years later, 96 (40%) had established neurodevelopmental disorders or problems, often beyond DLD and ASD. Co-existing problems were common in this cohort and multidisciplinary assessments were indicated. The other 60% did not appear in subsequent clinic records. It is likely that this 40% was a minimum rate and that more children will be referred for developmental problems later.Five years after they had been screened positive for DLD and, or autism at 2.5 years, 40% of our cohort had remaining or other developmental problems.
|
|
| 31. |
- Miniscalco, Carmela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Narrative skills, cognitive profiles and neuropsychiatric disorders in 7-8-year-old children with late developing language.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 42:6, s. 665-681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A community-representative sample of screened and clinically examined children with language delay at 2.5 years of age was followed up at school age when their language development was again examined and the occurrence of neuropsychiatric/neurodevelopmental disorder (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD)) was documented. AIMS: (1) To determine whether these 7-8-year-old children with a history of language delay have deficits in narrative skills compared with the age norms of standardized tests; and (2) to analyse if there is a relationship between narrative outcome, cognitive profile, and neuropsychiatric diagnosis. METHODS & PROCEDURES: Twenty-one children recruited from a community sample and with a history of language delay underwent an in-depth multidisciplinary examination at 7-8 years of age. Their narrative and cognitive skills were examined using the Bus Story Test, the Narrative Memory Subtest from the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY), and The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC-III). OUTCOMES & RESULTS: The three measures of the Bus Story Test (information, sentence length, and subordinate clauses) were below age norms for all 21 children, of whom 13 also had a neuropsychiatric diagnosis, i.e. ADHD and/or ASD. Half of the children with language delay had problems on Bus Story Test Information and on the Narrative Memory subtest independently of co-occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorder. The only difference across the children with language delay pure and those who had language delay plus ADHD or language delay plus ASD was on Freedom from Distractibility, where children with ADHD and ASD scored low. In addition, children with ASD had a much lower overall cognitive level (FSIQ) and poorer results on Processing Speed. CONCLUSIONS: Swedish children with late developing language at 2.5 years of age have persisting difficulties with oral narrative skills at age 7-8 years. However, almost none of the children with language delay had problems when responding to story-related questions--irrespective of whether or not they had an additional diagnosis of ADHD or ASD. Thus, asking story-related questions may be a good intervention strategy when working with these children. Because narrative difficulties are a reflection of linguistic, cognitive and/or pragmatic/social difficulties, it is important for clinicians of different specialties to work in close collaboration in order to establish a reliable measure that can be used in clinical assessment. Poor results on the WISC-III Kaufman Freedom from Distractibility factor had a strong relationship with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis (not just ADHD), whereas poor results on Bus Story Test Information or NEPSY Narrative Memory (measured as Free Recall) did not. Narrative problems were present among the language delay children even in the presence of adequate speech and verbal comprehension. Thus, narrative assessment may be a useful tool for identifying children with more persistent subtle language and pragmatic problems who are at risk for academic failure.
|
|
| 32. |
- Miniscalco, Carmela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of children at age 6 and 7 years who screened positive for language problems at 30 months.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 48:5, s. 361-366
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a prospective study at school age of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental outcome of language delay suspected at child health screening around 30 months of age. In a community sample, 25 children (21 males, 4 females) screening positive and 80 children (38 males, 42 females) screening negative for speech and language problems at age 30 months were examined in detail for language disorders at age 6 years. The screen-positive children were then followed for another year and underwent in-depth neuropsychiatric examination by assessors blind to the results of previous testing. Detailed follow-up results at age 7 years were available for 21 children. Thirteen of these 21 children (62%) had a major neuropsychiatric diagnosis (autism, atypical autism, Asperger's syndrome, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), or combinations of these. Two further children (10%) had borderline IQ with no other major diagnosis. We conclude that children in the general population who screen positive for speech and language problems before age 3 years appear to be at very high risk of autism spectrum disorders or ADHD, or both, at 7 years of age. Remaining language problems at age 6 years strongly predict the presence of neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders at age 7 years.
|
|
| 33. |
- Ottosson, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Neurodevelopmental problems and quality of life in 6-year-olds with a history of developmental language disorder
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 111:1, s. 115-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To explore family-reported neurodevelopmental functioning and quality of life in 6-year-olds who had screened positive for developmental language disorder at age 2.5 years. Methods Parents of 85 6-year-old children completed questionnaires about child neurodevelopmental difficulties and quality of life. The children were interviewed regarding quality of life, and their language was assessed by speech and language pathologists. Test results at 6 years identified three subgroups: children with developmental language disorder (n = 68) or speech sound disorder (n = 6) and children with no current language disorder (n = 11). Results Out of the 68 children with developmental language disorder, 33 (48%) had significant parent-rated problems with language, executive functions 17 (25%), perception 15 (22%) and/or motor skills 15 (22%). Four (67%) of the children with speech sound disorder had significant problems with language. Significant problems were reported with language in five (45%) and with perception in four (36%) children with no current language disorder. The parents reported no impaired quality of life, whereas the children themselves reported impairment mainly with school functioning. Conclusions Overlap between language difficulties and other neurodevelopmental problems was higher in 6-year-olds who had screened positive for developmental language disorder about 3 years earlier, than in the general population. The parent and child reports of quality of life were not consistent.
|
|
| 34. |
- Schachinger-Lorentzon, Ulrika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Children screening positive for language delay at 2.5 years: Language disorder and developmental profiles
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1176-6328 .- 1178-2021. ; 14, s. 3267-3277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Schachinger-Lorentzon et al. Purpose: To characterize language disorder and developmental profiles in children who screened positive for language delay but negative for autism at 2.5 years of age. Patients and methods: The first 100 children who screened positive for language delay – but negative for autism – in 2016 were assessed in detail by speech language pathologists. Parents completed a newly developed questionnaire covering eight domains – Motor, Executive functions, Perception, Memory, Language, Learning, Social skills and Child’s behaviour – with impairment scored for each domain. Results: ICD-10 language disorder diagnoses were made in 87/100 children (29 girls, 58 boys). Of 52 children with mixed receptive–expressive language disorder, 32% had problems in other developmental areas according to the “global rating” in the impairment questions of the questionnaire. Of the 35 with expressive language disorder, 21% had problems in other areas according to the impairment questions. Thirteen children had isolated language delay with no other diagnoses according to the speech and language pathologists’ assessment; however, 23% of them had problems according to the parental rating on the impairment questions. Conclusion: Most children screening positive for language delay but negative for autism at age 2.5 years were diagnosed with ICD-10 language disorder diagnoses. Parents in about one in four cases reported impairing problems within other developmental areas. Possible explanations for the findings are discussed.
|
|
| 35. |
- Svanborg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
-
Atomoxetine improves patient and family coping in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Swedish children and adolescents.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 18:12, s. 725-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This 10-week study assessed the efficacy of atomoxetine in combination with psychoeducation compared to placebo and psychoeducation in the improvement of Quality of Life in Swedish stimulant-naive children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A total of 99 patients were treated with atomoxetine (49 patients) or placebo (50 patients) for 10 weeks and assessed regarding broader areas of functioning using the Quality of Life measures Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE), Family Strain Index [FSI; equivalent to the Family Burden of Illness Module used in the study], Appraisal of Stress in Child-Rearing (ASCR), Five to fifteen (FTF), "I think I am" ("Jag tycker jag är"), and Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) before and after the active treatment phase. Simultaneously, the patients' parents participated in a 4-session psychoeducation program. A statistically significant difference in favor of atomoxetine was seen in the improvement from baseline to study endpoint for the CHIP-CE domains "Achievement" and "Risk avoidance", for the FSI total score, for the ASCR section (I) domain "Child as a burden", for all FTF domains except for "Language and Speech", and for the CDRS-R total score. No difference between treatment groups was observed in the patient-assessed evaluation of self-esteem using the "I think I am" scale. Atomoxetine combined with psychoeducation had a positive effect on various everyday coping abilities of the patients as well as their families during 10 weeks of treatment, whereas the patients' self-image and the parents' image of the climate in the family were not significantly improved.
|
|
| 36. |
- Svanborg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in stimulant-naïve Swedish children and adolescents.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 18:4, s. 240-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of atomoxetine in combination with psychoeducation, compared with placebo and psychoeducation, on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in Swedish stimulant-naïve pediatric patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). HRQL results will be presented elsewhere. Here, psychoeducation as well as efficacy and safety of the treatment are described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 99 pediatric ADHD patients were randomized to a 10-week double-blind treatment with atomoxetine (49 patients) or placebo (50 patients). Parents of all patients received four sessions of psychoeducation. Atomoxetine was dosed up to approximately 1.2 mg/kg day (< or = 70 kg) or 80 mg/day (> 70 kg). Improvement of ADHD symptoms was evaluated using the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS) and clinical global impression (CGI) rating scales. Safety was assessed based on adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (80.8%) and diagnosed with the combined ADHD subtype (77.8%). The least square mean (lsmean) change from baseline to endpoint in total ADHD-RS score was -19.0 for atomoxetine patients and -6.3 for placebo patients, resulting in an effect size (ES) of 1.3 at endpoint. Treatment response (reduction in ADHD-RS score of > or = 25 or > or = 40%) was achieved in 71.4 or 63.3% of atomoxetine patients and 28.6 or 14.3% of placebo patients. The lsmean change from baseline to endpoint in CGI-Severity was -1.8 in the atomoxetine group compared with -0.3 in the placebo group. The difference between treatments in CGI-Improvement at endpoint was -1.4 in favor of atomoxetine. No serious AEs occurred. The safety profile of atomoxetine was in line with the current label. CONCLUSIONS: Atomoxetine combined with psychoeducation was superior to placebo and psychoeducation in ADHD core symptoms improvement. The large ES might be a result of including stimulant-naïve patients only, but also may indicate a positive interaction between atomoxetine treatment and psychoeducation, possibly by increased compliance.
|
|
