| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adelfio, Marco, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the compact city drivers and pressures: Barcelona as a case study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-5292 .- 0029-1951. ; 72:5, s. 287-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compact city is globally acknowledged as the most adequate urban model to encourage sustainable urban development. Its validity is often assumed, despite the lack of clarity on what such compactness entails. The knowledge gap is even wider regarding how different drivers and pressures influence the development of more compact cities. Therefore, the authors analyse indirect and underlying processes (drivers) and more direct events, actions, and processes (pressures) affecting compact city development. Since compact city driving forces are extensively influenced by local situations, their research focused on district-level case studies within the compact city of Barcelona Municipality. Mixed methods were used, and the authors used both qualitative and quantitative data. The results revealed that drivers and pressures can both support and counteract compact city qualities and therefore any intervention has to be tailored to local conditions. In particular, the results of the in-depth analysis of local pressures and their progression over time foster an understanding of context-related nuances, thereby shifting attention from taken-for-granted compact city qualities to the driving forces that produce beneficial compactness. The authors conclude that the diversity of drivers and pressures requires the involvement of a multiplicity of stakeholders and actors in urban planning, implementation, and management.
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| 3. |
- Adelfio, Marco, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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GISualization: visualized integration of multiple types of data for knowledge co-production
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geografisk Tidsskrift. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0016-7223. ; 119:2, s. 163-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban planning deals with multiple layers of information stemming from concurrent activities and stakeholders intervening in urban development. For a better management of complexity more comprehensiveness and data integration are needed. This study develops an adaptive and iterative mixed-method approach for knowledge production in urban transformation processes. Specific research questions relate to data integration from different sources and facilitation of co-production of knowledge beyond triangulation. A new multi-layer framework, GISualization, has been developed in the context of a research project exploring compact city qualities. The framework is structured through five data layers, representing different methods for data collection and different grades of complexity, richness and interpretation: basic statistics; advanced statistics; exogenous quali-quantitative descriptions; exogenous qualitative descriptions; and endogenous qualitative descriptions. Thus, data stem from both quantitative and qualitative sources. Our study has proven that GISualization is a methodological framework that enables analysis and visualization of complex data in a rich format. The approach is closely related to analytical eclecticism and abductivity. It embodies a collaborative communication platform that provides a language to navigate between heterogeneous data, information and methods. The GISualization framework opens up for broader stakeholder involvement and community participation extending research into the domain of transdisciplinary knowledge production.
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| 4. |
- Adelfio, Marco, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Social Activity in Gothenburg’s Intermediate City: Mapping Third Places through Social Media Data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-4621 .- 1874-463X. ; 13:4, s. 985-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research focuses on the intermediate city, composed of urban areas located right outside the city center typically maintaining an in-between urban/suburban character. It aims to explore the degree to which this segment of the city exhibits urban activity and social life through the identification of activity areas in the so-called Third Places. Four intermediate city neighborhoods in Gothenburg, Sweden are adopted as case areas and are analyzed using a twofold approach. First, socio-economic statistics provide a quantitative understanding of the case areas and, second, geolocated Social Media Data (SMD) from Foursquare, Google Places and Twitter makes it possible to identify the intermediate city’s urban activity areas and socially preferred urban spaces. The findings suggest that a) the four analyzed intermediate city areas of Gothenburg all have a degree of social activity, especially where economic activities are clustered together; b) Third Places in more affluent areas tend to be linked to commodified consumption of urban space while neighborhoods with lower income levels and higher ethnic diversity seem to emphasize open public space as Third Places; and c) nowadays the typology of Third Places has evolved from the types identified in previous decades to include additional types of places, such as those you pass on the way to something else (e.g. gas and bus stations). The study has verified the value of SMD for studies of urban social life but also identified a number of topics for further research. Additional sources of SMD should be identified to secure a just representation of Third Places across diverse social groups. Furthermore, new methods for effective cross validation of SMD with other types of data are crucial, including e.g. statistics, on-site observations and surveys/interviews, not least to identify Third Places that are not frequently present (or are misrepresented) in SMD.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berezecka-Figacz, Maria, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsa och samhällsbyggnad i undervisningen på Chalmers arkitekturutbildningen
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten är resultatet av den förstudie som genomfördes av Chalmers Arkitektur och Mistra Urban Futures under hösten 2010 på uppdrag av Folkhälsoinstitutet. Förstudien har haft som mål att undersöka möjligheterna att utveckla undervisningsinsatser som betonar kopplingen mellan (folk)hälsa och den byggda miljöns gestaltning och organisation. Rapporten beskriver de insatser som görs i Chalmers arkitekturundervisning idag samt kommer med förslag till hur utbildningen ska kunna hantera hur den byggda miljön kan bidra till invånarnas möjlighet att välja hälsa. Målet är att de förslagna satsningarna ska ge redskap att kunna föra resonemang i undervisningen kring ämnet arkitektur, stadsplanering och hälsa, ge verktyg för att tillämpa sådan kunskap i arkitektur- och planeringsarbete samt vara en vägledning såväl under studenternas projektarbeten som i deras framtida yrkesliv. Undersökningen har utförts genom litteratursökning, intervjuer med kursansvariga lärare, analys av kursprogram samt två workshops. Baserat på detta material och med inspiration från ett exempel på en befintlig utbildning i USA, föreslår vi insatser som kan tillföras arkitekturutbildningen för att på så sätt stärka folkhälsoperspektivet i organiserandet och byggandet av den hållbara staden. Många av de faktorer som påverkar hälsa är sammanhängande och kan med arkitektens arbetssätt förstås integrerat och i sin kontext, och dessutom i ett framtidsperspektiv. Detta gör att arkitekturutbildningen generellt har ett förhållningssätt där folkhälsoaspekter på ett fruktbart sätt kan föras in i utbildningen.
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| 7. |
- Billger, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons from co-designing a resource-recovery game for collaborative urban sanitation planning
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to describe the development of an innovative planning tool to promote the knowledge and collaboration needed to overcome challenges in the sanitation sector. A serious game was designed to share knowledge about resource recovery and support attitude-change and collaboration between stakeholders. This study documents the co-design process of game development from conception based on a set of specifications the game should achieve, through iterative testing with relevant stakeholders as players. The resulting prototype of the game showed that it was not possible to include all the original desired specifications in the final game. Stakeholders found that the game was engaging, stimulated creativity and achieved its goal.
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| 8. |
- Bryngelsson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Bostäder för och med ekonomiskt utsatta grupper
- 2024
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok delrapporterar forskningsprojektet "Bostadsinnovationer underifrån: att skapa bygg- och bogemenskaper för och med ekonomiskt svaga grupper" med finansiering från Vinnova, projektnummer 2021-02874. Projektets hemsida: codesigncities.se/housinginnovation
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Chowdhury, Shaswati, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Greening the Browns: A Bio-Based Land Use Framework for Analysing the Potential of Urban Brownfields in an Urban Circular Economy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - 2071-1050. ; 12:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Circular Economy (CE) is expected to accelerate the use of resources with bio-based origin. Cities have an important role in such an economy, not only as main consumers but also because vegetation provides numerous ecosystem services essential for the well-being of urban dwellers. Urban lands are, however, heavily burdened with both past and present activities and ongoing urbanization. Retrofitting obsolete and potentially contaminated brownfields provides an opportunity to engage with bio-based land uses within the city. At the same time, plants are an important part of Gentle Remediation Options (GROs), a more sustainable alternative for managing contamination risks and restoring soil health. This paper (1) provides a tentative selection of Urban Greenspaces (UGSs) relevant for brownfields, and a compilation of ecosystem services provided by the selected UGSs, and (2) presents a framework covering the 14 selected bio-based land uses on brownfields, including GRO interventions over time. This framework provides three practical tools: the conceptualization of linkages between GROs and prospective UGS uses, a scatter diagram for the realization of 14 UGS opportunities on brownfields, and a decision matrix to analyze the requirements for UGS realization on brownfields.
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| 12. |
- Chowdhury, Shaswati, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming brownfields into urban greenspaces: A working process for stakeholder analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban greenspaces (UGS) provide a range of ecosystem services and are instrumental in ensuring the liveability of cities. Whilst incorporating UGS in increasingly denser cities is a challenge to planners, brownfields form a latent resource with the potential of being converted into UGS. Transformation of brownfields to greenspaces, however, requires engagement of a variety of stakeholders, from providers to users. The overall aim of this study was to support effective and realistic realisations of UGS in the context of urban brownfields’ regeneration and stakeholder engagement. A working process was developed to: 1) integrate methods relevant for UGS realisation for a) identification and categorising of relevant stakeholders, b) mapping their interests and resources, c) identifying various challenges, and d) matching those challenges with the mapped resources over the timeline of UGS development; and 2) apply these methods to assess relevance and shortcomings. The methods were applied to a study site in Sweden, and data was collected using a questionnaire survey. The survey received 31 responses and the respondents’ comments indicated that the combination of several uses, especially integrated with an urban park, is preferable. Visualisation was an important component for data analysis: stakeholder categorisation was effectively visualised using a Venn diagram, and the needed mobilisation of resources among stakeholders to manage identified challenges was visualised using a timeline. The analysis demonstrates the need for collaboration between stakeholders to achieve an effective realisation of UGS and how multiple methods can be used in concert to map stakeholders, preferences, challenges, and resources for a particular site. The application at a study site provided site-specific data but the developed stakeholder categorisation, and the method for matching identified challenges with the stakeholders’ resources using a timeline, can be generalised to applications at other sites.
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| 13. |
- de Azevedo, Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive Waste Governance and Grassroots Innovations for Social, Environmental And Economic Change
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Participants of two research projects (Recycling Networks: Grassroots resilience tackling climate, environmental and poverty challenges (funded by the Swedish Research Council) and Mapping Waste Governance (funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada) collaborate in offering a critical inter- and transdisciplinary perspective on waste and waste actors (waste picker cooperatives, associations, community-based organizations, partnerships, networks and NGOs). The research is conducted in the following cities: Buenos Aires (Argentina), São Paulo (Brazil), Vancouver and Montreal (Canada), Kisumu (Kenya), Managua (Nicaragua) and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Together we examine the challenges that innovative grassroots initiatives and networks encounter in generating livelihoods to improve household waste collection and recycling, particularly in informal settlements of global South cities. We seek to map waste governance and successful waste management initiatives, arrangements and policies involving grassroots initiatives. In this report, we present a brief description of solid waste governance in the cities where we conducted fieldwork. We then illuminate some of our findings on grassroots innovations involving waste pickers or waste workers in these cities. Both research projects combine multi-case studies of waste picker groups and local government initiatives, apply qualitative research tools and participatory action research (e.g. photo voice, participant observation, workshops, surveys and interviews). We are interested in understanding processes, challenges and opportunities related to how these grassroots initiatives and networks operate to bring about socio-environmental and economic change? How they address challenges and what the assets are in everyday waste governance that can be explored to make waste governance more sustainable and thus more inclusive? Researchers involved in these two projects, key stakeholders from grassroots initiatives in these countries, representatives from some international waste picker networks and local and regional government officials from Kisumu, Kenya, met between 23rd and 29th of April 2018, in Kisumu to present and discuss the results of the first year of research activities, which are herewith documented.
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| 14. |
- Frantzeskaki, Niki, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-ecological transitions of cities: Exploring spatial, ecological and governance dynamics in European cities
- 2013
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Ingår i: 4rth International Conference on Sustainability Transitions, 19-21 June 2013, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe is in general in a good position for examining dynamics and potential for realizing a positive transition to resilient and sustainable urban areas. Compared to most other continents, the living standards are good, the decision making processes are fairly open and transparent, and the level of knowledge including environmental knowledge is relatively high. We examine five compact cities to unravel what drives their social-ecological transition to resilient urban futures. A meta-analysis of spatial, ecological and governance dynamics reveals that in the face of slow urbanization the European compact cities under study undergo a transition towards eco-city that is the result of five co-evolving drivers: (a) the presence and implantation of strong environmental policy at local and regional level that promotes the preservation of existing green spaces; (b) the capitalizing of governance capacity for urban sustainability in the form of setting urban green plans and deals; (c) the restoration and re-establishment of green urban spaces of different sizes in the cities or simply, creating more green spaces (d) the put forth of green strategies and actions from multiple policy centers and (e) the emerging social niches of community gardens and urban agriculture that restore green in the cities and take over empty or unused spaces. These drivers do not play alone but are stressed with challenges of fair distribution of green in the city and of slow responding policy and governance.
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| 15. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging Weak Links of Solid Waste Management in Informal Settlements
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Environment and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1070-4965 .- 1552-5465. ; 26:1, s. 106-131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cities in the global South suffer from vast inadequacies and deficiencies in their solid waste management. In the city of Kisumu in Kenya, waste management is frag- mented and insufficient with most household waste remaining uncollected. Solid waste enters and leaves public space through an intricate web of connected, mostly informal, actions. This article scrutinizes waste management of informal settlements, based on the case of Kisumu, to identify weak links in waste manage- ment chains and find neighborhood responses to bridge these gaps. Systems theory and action net theory support our analysis to understand the actions, actors, and processes associated with waste and its management. We use qualitative data from fieldwork and hands on engagement in waste management in Kisumu. Our main conclusion is that new waste initiatives should build on existing waste management practices already being performed within informal settlements by waste scavengers, waste pickers, waste entrepreneurs, and community-based organizations.
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| 16. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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From community-based organization to socio-environmental entrepreneur. The case of household waste collection in Kisumu’s informal settlements
- 2015
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Ingår i: 5th CIRIEC International Research Conference on Social Economy 15–18 July 2015, Lisbon, Portugal.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to understand the process by which socio-environmental entrepreneurs providing waste collection services in informal settlements succeed, to consolidate their operations. The entrepreneurs in the recycling sector described in our paper are part of emerging experiences, most prominent in the global South, that fall under the Social and Solidarity Economy and the evolving field of Social Entrepreneurship. These theoretical frameworks offer complementary strategies to address some of the challenges such entrepreneurs face in their everyday context. The paper will combine both theoretical frameworks, which have inspired the two main questions addressed in this paper: What makes an informal waste collection initiative get established, succeed, and grow? And, how can Social and Solidarity Economy and Social Entrepreneurship frameworks support these micro-enterprises? Methodologically, the paper is based on the case study of three waste pickers entrepreneurs in Kisumu, Kenya, characterized as social micro-enterprises, who have succeeded to consolidate their operations in informal and formal settlements. In-depth interviews, observations and document analysis have been used to collect data. Inspired by Social and Solidarity Economy and Social Entrepreneurship theories we have analyzed our data (mostly transcriptions from interviews) following patterns of creative abduction in back- and-forth moves between sorting, coding, probing of the data, and collecting new data until reconstructing the story of the three socio-environmental entrepreneurs. Our findings show how these initiatives, born as community-based organizations (CBOs), succeeded to consolidate and expand by developing towards socio-environmental entrepreneurship models. In the paper we discuss this transition process and question its implications both for the entrepreneurs and the communities they serve.
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| 17. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-environmental entrepreneurship and the provision of critical services in informal settlements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment & Urbanization. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-2478 .- 1746-0301. ; 28:1, s. 205-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to the understanding of processes by which small-scale entrepreneurs who provide household waste collection in informal settlements succeed in formalized co-production of such services. The paper draws on the social and solidarity economy and social and environmental entrepreneurship theoretical frameworks, which offer complementary understandings of diverse strategies to tackle everyday challenges. Two questions are addressed: How do informal waste collection initiatives get established, succeed and grow? What are the implications of this transition for the entrepreneurs themselves, the communities, the environmental governance system and the scholarship? A case study is presented, based on three waste picker entrepreneurs in Kisumu, Kenya, who have consolidated and expanded their operations in informal settlements but also extended social and environmental activities into formal settlements. The paper demonstrates how initiatives, born as community-based organizations, become successful social micro-enterprises, driven by a desire to address socioenvironmental challenges in their neighbourhoods.
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| 18. |
- Gutberlet, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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Waste Picker Organizations and Their Contribution to the Circular Economy: Two Case Studies from a Global South Perspective
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Resources. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-9276. ; 6:4, s. 52-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion on the circular economy (CE) has attracted a rising interest within global policy and business as a way of increasing the sustainability of production and consumption. Yet the literature mostly portrays a Global North perspective. There is a diverse spectrum of community-based organizations playing important roles in resource recovery and transformation, particularly, but not only, in Global South countries, providing innovative examples for grassroots involvement in waste management and in the CE. This article proposes to add a Southern lens, situated in the context of waste picker organizations, to the concept of CE. The discursive framework in this article couples ecological economy (EE) with social/solidarity economy (SSE), focusing not only on environmental sustainability but also on social, economic, political and cultural dimensions involved in production, consumption and discard. We acknowledge that grassroots movements contribute to policy making and improve urban waste management systems. The paper outlines two empirical studies (Argentina, Brazil) that illustrate how waste picker organizations perform selective waste collection services, engage with municipalities and industries, and practice the CE. The research reveals that social and political facets need to be added to the debate about the CE, linking environmental management and policy with community development and recognizing waste pickers as protagonists in the CE. Our findings emphasize a need for a change of persisting inequalities in public policy by recognizing the importance of popular waste management praxis and knowledge, ultimately redefining the CE.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hansen, Rieke, et al.
(författare)
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The uptake of the ecosystem services concept in planning discourses of European and American cities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 12, s. 228-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem services (ES) are gaining increasing attention as a promising concept to more actively consider and plan for the varied benefits of the urban environment. Yet, to have an impact on decision- making, the concept must spread from academia to practice. To understand how ES have been taken up in planning discourses we conducted a cross-case comparison of planning documents in Berlin, New York, Salzburg, Seattle and Stockholm. We found: (1) explicit references to the ES concept were primarily in documents from Stockholm and New York, two cities in countries that entered into ES discourses early. (2) Implicit references and thus potential linkages between the ES concept and planning discourses were found frequently among all cities, especially in Seattle. (3) The thematic scope, represented by 21 different ES, is comparably broad among the cases, while cultural services and habitat provision are most frequently emphasized. (4) High-level policies were shown to promote the adoption of the ES concept in planning. We find that the ES concept holds potential to strengthen a holistic consideration of urban nature and its benefits in planning. We also revealed potential for further development of ES approaches with regard to mitigation of environmental impacts and improving urban resilience.
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| 21. |
- Imottesjo, Hyekyung, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Compact Cities Are Complex, Intense and Diverse but: Can We Design Such Emergent Urban Properties?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Urban Planning. - : Cogitatio. - 2183-7635. ; 1:1, s. 95-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compact cities are promoted by global and local policies in response to environmental, economic and social challenges. It is argued that increased density and diversity of urban functions and demographics are expected to deliver positive outcomes. ‘Emerged’ urban area which have developed incrementally seem to exhibit such dense and diverse characteristics, acquired through adaptation by multiple actors over time and space. Today, ‘design-based’ planning approaches aim to create the same characteristics here and now. An example of such is the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, which strives to involve multiple actors to ‘design’ urban density and mixed use, but with unsatisfactory outcomes. There is reason to investigate in what way current planning approaches need modification to better translate policy goals into reality. This paper studied which type of planning approach appears to best deliver the desired urban characteristics. Two cities are studied, Gothenburg and Tokyo. Today, these cities operate under different main planning paradigms. Tokyo applies a rule-based approach and Gothenburg a design-based approach. Five urban areas were studied in each city, representing outcomes of three strategic planning approaches that have been applied historically in both cities: 1) emergent compact urban form; 2) designed dispersed urban form; and 3) designed compact urban form. Planning outcomes in the form of density, building scales and diversity were analysed to understand if such properties of density and diversity are best achieved by a specific planning approach. The results show that different planning approaches deliver very different outcomes when it comes to these qualities. To better support ambitions for compact cities in Gothenburg, the prevailing mix of ‘planning by design’ and ‘planning by developmental control’ needs to be complemented by a third planning strategy of ‘planning by coding’ or ‘rule-based planning’. This is critical to capacitate urban planning to accommodate parameters, such as timing, density, building scale diversity, and decentralization of planning and design activities to multiple actors.
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| 22. |
- Imottesjo, Hyekyung, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Iterative Prototyping of Urban CoBuilder: Tracking Methods and User Interface of an Outdoor Mobile Augmented Reality Tool for Co‐Designing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. - : MDPI AG. - 2414-4088. ; 4:2, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research presents results from a study developing a smartphone app, Urban CoBuilder, in which citizens can collaboratively create designs for urban environments using augmented reality technology and game mechanics. Eight prototypes were developed to refine selected design criteria, including tracking strategies, design elements, user experience and the interface with game mechanics. The prototypes were developed through an iterative design process with assessments and incremental improvements. The tracking was especially challenging and using multiple bitonal markers combined with the smartphone’s gyroscope sensor to average the user position was identified as the most suitable strategy. Still, portability and stability linked to tracking need to be improved. Design elements, here building blocks with urban functions textures, were realistic enough to be recognizable and easy to understand for the users. Future studies will focus on usability tests with larger user groups.
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| 23. |
- Imottesjo, Hyekyung, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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The Urban CoBuilder – A mobile augmented reality tool for crowd-sourced simulation of emergent urban development patterns: Requirements, prototyping and assessment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0198-9715. ; 71, s. 120-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy and research argue for multi-stakeholder inclusion in design and planning to increase urban qualities and resilience. Communicative planning and agent-based modelling are two approaches facilitating such inclusion, but both have shortcomings. In this paper, a third complementary approach is explored: rule-based emergent planning supported through mobile augmented reality (MAR) and gamification. Such an approach would serve to crowdsource data on how people collectively build their city under different types of planning rules, mimicking emergent development patterns but, currently, there is a lack of functioning participative outdoor MAR tools. The objectives of this paper are to a) identify a set of specifications detailing the necessary performance of a MAR tool; b) describe the development of a prototype MAR tool; and c) assess this prototype MAR tool through pilot application. A literature review was carried out to identify tool requirements. An iterative research by design approach was applied to turn these specifications into a functioning MAR tool: the Urban CoBuilder. The tool was then piloted in a series of tests. The findings suggest that the MAR tool makes it possible for multiple stakeholders to design urban environments on site and that crowdsourced data on collective results of individual design and planning decisions can be gathered. Although the immersive qualities of the Urban CoBuilder were highly appreciated, further development is needed. The realism of planning rules, building types and functions has to be strengthened, the techniques for positioning the MAR model in relation to real space need improvement, and the gaming mechanisms should be enhanced to make gameplay attractive for a large number of stakeholders.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Irurah, Daniel K., et al.
(författare)
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Challenges for Sustainable Urban Development
- 2004
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Ingår i: Keiner, Marco, (Ed.). Designing, Implementing and Measuring Sustainable Urban Development in Developing Countries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Kaczorowska, Anna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem Services in Urban Land-Use Planning: Integration Challenges in Complex Urban Settings - Case of Stockholm
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 1st Congress of the Society for Urban Ecology 25-27 July 2013, Berlin, Germany.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ecosystem services depend on spatial structure of ecosystems. It is acknowledged the benefits humans can derive from biophysical processes depend on generation, distribution and articulation of ecosystem services through day-to-day management and urban development patterns. On the other hand the benefits from nature may place constraints on the choices how to use the land. The future capability of ecosystems to generate services is determined by changes in socio-economic structures, land use, biodiversity, and climate. Land use change has been recognized among many aspects of global changes as the key human-induced effect on ecosystems. Increased urbanisation in Europe in the recent decades led to development of new settlements, growing transport networks. New aspirations of citizens have resulted in higher use of land for recreation and leisure. These land-use changes have directly influenced the provision of ecosystem services. However, even if much has been written about ecosystem services and theirs multiple relationships in space, impact of ecosystem services approach on urban planning, policy making is still limited. Growing degradation and declining resilience of ecosystems along with escalation of impacts of natural hazards is assigned to the non-integration of ecosystem services in land-use planning. A framework of this paper is constructed to identify what kind of knowledge is currently missing in relation to ecosystem services, as well as challenges linked to integrating ecosystem services into land-use planning. Answering the question requires knowledge about relationship between land-use change and ecosystem services in urban regions. The first part of the paper reviewed the literature on the connections between ecosystem services and land use planning. The second part of the paper analysed material from interviews and workshop organized in Stockholm. The important outcomes of the study include identified uncertainties revealing particular challenges and knowledge gaps indicated and ranked by stakeholders to implement concept of ecosystem services in spatial planning in Stockholm but also proposed recommendations how to deal with recognized uncertainties.
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| 27. |
- Kaczorowska, Anna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem services in urban land use planning: Integration challenges in complex urban settings-Case of Stockholm
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 22, s. 204-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of urban ecosystem services (ES) is currently promoted in Sweden in the planning for more compact and sustainable cities. This study looks into how the implementation of the urban ES concept in Stockholm is understood by different urban professionals, based on semi-structured interviews and a stakeholder workshop. Although recognizing the usefulness of the ES concept, the professionals identified many remaining challenges linked to integrating the concept into land use planning. These are analyzed in relation to the gap between ES science and ES policy and structured according to the different types of planning uncertainties they represent. One issue that was persistently highlighted by stakeholders was that the promotion of urban ES - regardless of how beneficial it may be - will add further complexity to already strained workloads among planners, policy-makers and urban managers. Also, the political demand for increasing density in the urban areas of Stockholm seems to create a growing need for urban ES. Urban densification can thus potentially promote the interest in planning with ES as a vital parameter for urban qualities. They expressed a need for long term perspectives in planning with new tools and methods for valuing ES, supported through "high profile" projects. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960
(författare)
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A Process-oriented Approach to Infrastructural Change
- 2003
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Ingår i: Methodologies for Integration of Knowledge Areas: The Case of Sustainable Urban Water Management / Söderberg, Henriette, Kärrman, Erik.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Assumed Qualities of Compact Cities: Divergences Between the Global North and the Global South in the Research Discourse
- 2016
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Ingår i: 17th N-AERUS Conference: 2016 Gothenburg (Sweden). Gothenburg, 16-19 November, 2016..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compact cities are promoted widely in policy as a response to current societal challenges, but it is unclear or ambiguous what qualities or benefits a compact city is supposed to deliver. In research, the compact city concept is widely debated in the literature, and there are many arguments both for and against compact cities. However, many studies or reviews tend to apply a delimited approach, discussing a confined number of qualities or base the assessment on quite narrow empirical material. Research is also carried out from within a number of separate disciplines or “discourses”. An improved understanding of the wide spectrum of compact city qualities would support better planning, governance and management of cities. This paper therefore aims to provide an improved understanding of the wide spectrum of compact city qualities in support of better planning, governance and management of cities in the Global South. The objective is to present a review of current articles discussing the compact city to capture similarities and differences in the academic discourse between Global North and Global South contexts, and to outline a comprehensive compact city taxonomy. The analysis is based on literature searches in the Scopus database for 2012-2015, using the search term “compact city”. A quantitative assessment was carried out, sifting out what terms are used to label purported (or debated) qualities of compact cities. Papers are sorted into different categories according to geoeconomic context (i.e., Global North, BRICS, Global South). The outcome is an extended taxonomy of compact city qualities, including twelve categories. Weaknesses in compact city research aimed at cities in the Global South were identified, especially linked to nature, health, environment issues, quality of life, sociocultural aspects, justice and economy, as well as a significant lack of compact city research linked to urban adaptability and resilience.
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| 30. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics, challenges and innovations of waste picker organizations: A comparative perspective between Latin American and East African countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste picker organisations (WPOs) around the globe collect, transport and process waste to earn their living but represent a widely excluded, marginalised and impoverished segment of society. WPOs are highly innovative, created by grassroots out of “nothing” to deliver economic, social and environmental sustainability. Still, we do not know how such innovations are developed, and how they are disseminated and adopted by other groups. This article examines characteristics, challenges and innovations of WPOs across five countries in Latin America and East Africa. It is based on quantitative and qualitative data regarding modes of organisation and management, gender, received support, business orientations, environmental and social contributions, and innovations developed in response to multiple challenges. The paper provides a comprehensive understanding of WPOs’ activities and their grassroots innovations in the Global South. The study shows how WPOs contribute significantly to the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the societies they serve as well as the wider urban societies. To start and maintain WPOs in informal settlements with a lack of infrastructure, institutional frameworks, and public and private investors is a difficult quest. WPOs take many different organisational forms depending on the complexity of local realities, ranging from advanced collective organization as cooperatives to small self-help groups and microentrepreneurs. Self-organisation into regional and national networks provides economic opportunities, autonomy and stability as well as political influence. Yet, institutional support is fundamental and the lack thereof threatens their existence. Sustaining WPOs as important providers of socio-environmental benefits through governmental and non-governmental actions is a worthwhile undertaking that builds sustainability.
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| 31. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Co-production of Services in Informal Settlements: Waste management in Kisumu, Kenya
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many informal settlements, a large number of informal sectors waste pickers collect and separate household waste, providing an important service. However, waste pickers represent one of the most excluded, impoverished and disempowered segments of society. This study explores the challenges and potential solutions for the co-production of participatory waste management services in informal settlements, using the case of informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya. Researchers conducted interviews, focus group discussions, participatory workshops and action on ground as part of extensive eldwork between 2014 and 2015. This report illustrates the challenges and opportunities to improve waste management in informal settlements through community participation and the inclusion of waste pickers. The results of the project are presented in three sections based on different academic articles where the result of the project rst was published. The rst article “Bridging Weak Links of Solid Waste Management in Informal Settlements” presents a number of opportunities that can be used to improve waste management systems in informal settlements. The second article “Socio-environmental entrepreneurship and the provision of critical services in informal settlements” examines the role of waste entrepreneurs in informal settlements as environmental stewards. Although seeing the contribution of waste entrepreneurs as very positive, however this article still questions the privati- zation of important services, such as waste collection. There is a risk of developing clientelistic relationships, of eroding collective solutions for the servicing of neighbourhoods and cities, and of abandoning the least af uent but majority of residents and settlements. The nal article is titled “Translating policies into in- formal settlements’ critical services: reframing, anchoring and muddling through”. It discusses the Kisumu Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Plan (KISWAMP) that succeeded to dignify, or reframe, waste picking as a critical community service and as a decent profession. Waste management also gained internal status as a legitimate area of policy making within the municipality and was turned it into an important service worth paying for. Yet it did not suf ciently anchor some of the new practices in the informal settlements, such as the partnership arrangements with waste entrepreneurs or the maintenance of waste transfer points. The report outlines challenges and opportunities at the same time, and ends with some policy recommendation for integrating waste pickers in the provision of services at the municipal level.
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| 32. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Collective Strategies of Resistance in Compact Global South Cities. Stories From the Residents of the Villa Rodrigo Bueno
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of what citizen-driven strategies are developed to cope with informal urbanisation and urban compactness. More precisely, the paper explores the intersection between informal urbanisation processes, informal economy and networks of solidarity and citizenship, in the context of compact cities. In particular, this paper aims to examine the creation of novel and collective forms of strategizing and organising resistance articulated from the informal settlements to build up alternative notions of the city from below. In order to do that the paper is empirically informed by the case of Argentina, a country that has experienced in the last decades the revival of villas miseria (misery town or shanty towns), as a result of successive economic crisis and migration waves. The history of one of these villas miserias, Rodrigo Bueno, in Puerto Madero, the most expensive urban development in Argentina, serves to illustrate the creation and maintenance of the informal city as an alternative urban logic, as well as the continuous process of stabilisation and resistance to the institutional arrangements threatening its existence.
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| 33. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Combating poverty and building democracy through the coproduction of participatory waste management services The case of Kisumu City, Kenya
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In an increasingly urbanized world, a third of the global urban population will soon live in informal settlements1. Many of these areas are poorly connected to basic services, such as management of household waste2. Instead, an extensive informal sector of waste pickers collects and separates household waste3 4. By doing so, they make a significant contribution to improving the health of residents and local environments, to recover resources, to create jobs and income among the urban poor, and even to reduce the carbon footprint of their cities.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring local consequences of two land-use alternatives for the supply of urban ecosystem services in Stockholm year 2050
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X. ; 70:November 2016, s. 615-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem services (ESs) are gaining ground in urban policy as a key to attaining sustainable cities. However, strategic and land-use planners need operational and accessible tools to better understand the consequences of policy and planning measures. Based on a study of the City of Stockholm and its surrounding region, we argue that spatially explicit land-use mapping is a good base for modeling and visualizing the supply of urban ESs provided by different patterns of Service Providing Units. By adding more detailed characteristics of land use through the concept of Service Providing Elements (SPEs), and by assessing synergies and trade-offs between these attributes, implications for the supply of ESs at different scale levels could be identified and discussed. Detailed land-use mapping and ES modeling were applied to two future land-use alternatives. The supply of eight urban ESs was found to vary significantly between the two alternatives depending on the ratios of different SPEs, even within identical land-use classes. One of the land-use alternatives had significantly higher potential for food and energy provision, much higher air cooling and air quality regulation capacity especially in densely built areas, showed less surface sealing, and provided better conditions for mental recreation. The exception was supply of physical recreation opportunities, where the other land-use option had an advantage. These differences became more accentuated when we zoomed in on two local urban areas. Based on these findings, our main conclusion is that, in order to provide planning and policy-making with an adequate knowledge base, it is necessary to move beyond land-use classes, as defined by European data sets like Urban Atlas, and toward tools capable of capturing more detailed aspects of land use and its relations to the supply of urban ESs. This should be made a priority, especially in early stages of planning and policy formation, and also used to support development of urban by-laws, procurement arrangements, neighborhood and building certification, etc. The approaches used in the study can serve as a valid starting point for further development of such tools and methods compatible with planners’ ordinary working modes. However, to make such progress possible, the ecosystem service research community needs to step up to the challenge of delivering locally specific and useful data on how urban land-use links to ES supply, including synergies and trade-offs between different ESs.
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| 37. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Integration of complex knowledge
- 2006
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Ingår i: Malmqvist, Per-Arne et al (Eds.), Strategic Planning of Sustainable Urban Water Management; IWA Publishing: London.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Complex Knowledge in Planning for Sustainable Development: The Use of Multi-Criteria Decision Aids
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental Impact Assessment Review. - 0195-9255. ; 28, s. 7-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vision of sustainable development entails new and complex planning situations, confronting local policy makers with changing political conditions, different content in decision making and planning and new working methods. Moreover, the call for sustainable development has been a major driving force towards an increasingly multi-stakeholder planning system. This situation requires competence in working in, and managing, groups of actors, including not only experts and project owners but also other categories of stakeholders. Among other qualities, such competence requires a working strategy aimed at integrating various, and sometimes incommensurable, forms of knowledge to construct a relevant and valid knowledge base prior to decision making. Consequently, there lies great potential in methods that facilitate the evaluation of strategies for infrastructural development across multiple knowledge areas, so-called multicriteria decision aids (MCDAs). In the present article, observations from six case studies are discussed, where the common denominators are infrastructural planning, multi-stakeholder participation and the use of MCDAs as interactive decision support. Three MCDAs are discussed – NAIADE, SCA and STRAD – with an emphasis on how they function in their procedural context. Accordingly, this is not an analysis of MCDA algorithms, of software programming aspects or of MCDAs as context-independent ‘decision machines’—the focus is on MCDAs as actor systems, not as expert systems. The analysis is carried out across four main themes: (a) symmetrical management of different forms of knowledge; (b) management of heterogeneity, pluralism and conflict; (c) functionality and ease of use; and (d) transparency and trust. It shows that STRAD, by far, seems to be the most useful MCDA in interactive settings. NAIADE and SCA are roughly equivalent but have their strengths and weaknesses in different areas. Moreover, it was found that some MCDA issues require further attention, i.e., regarding transparency and understandability; qualitative/quantitative knowledge input; switching between different modes of weighting; software flexibility; as well as graphic and user interfaces.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Criteria Decision Aids for Sustainable Water Management
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 160:2, s. 87-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article evaluates three multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods—Regime, Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments (Naiade) and Strategic Advisor (Strad)—from a process facilitation perspective. This research shows that Strad has many advantages over the other tools regarding knowledge management, pluralism, functionality, transparency and participation. Concluding recommendations are as follows. (1) Agree explicit aims with stakeholder participation and if the aims change during the process, this is to be communicated. (2) Match methodology with the aims of the process since it is not always necessary to base the ranking on complex mathematical calculations. (3) Participatory processes should be conducted with care as they are resource consuming. Select cases thoughtfully and design them with a reflective attitude. The systematic structure of going through one criterion at a time is perceived as more important than software aggregation of multiple criteria at the end. It was further concluded that MCDAs have to be transparent and software must be flexible with an understandable user interface.
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| 43. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960
(författare)
-
Multistakeholder Participation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Geography. - 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States : SAGE Publications, Inc.. - 9781412956970
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Obunga Clean Up
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combating poverty and building democracy through the co-production of participatory waste management services: The case of Kisumu, Kenya A research project by: The inhabitants of Obunga, Nyalenda and Manyatta The many waste actors in Kisumu City of Kisumu County Government of Kisumu Kisumu Waste Management Services KWAMS Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology JOOUST Maseno University University of Victoria University of Gothenburg Chalmers University of Technology Funded by: The Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy ICLD
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Serious games in support of transformative multi-stakeholder sanitation planning for increased resource recovery: Specifications for game development
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, 2.3 billion people lack sanitation. Innovative solutions are needed that allow for rapid service expansion to underserved populations. Serious games can bring new perspectives into rigid planning and decision-making by increasing the understanding of complex issues, supporting learning of alternative perspectives and enhancing stakeholders cooperation. Existing games are inadequate for addressing the sanitation challenge and current frameworks for game development are neither comprehensive, nor tailored to sanitation planning. The objectives of this report are a) to develop a generic framework for development of serious games supporting transformative planning and governance; and b) to develop a set of specifications for a serious game for transformative sanitation planning specifically, c) to present a sanitation planning game prototype, and d) to report on an assessment of this game prototype. The report is based on literature studies and prototyping with user tests. A comprehensive framework for game development is presented and specifications for a serious game in sanitation planning are described. Initial game prototyping found that not all specifications could be fulfilled. Yet, focusing the framework on the serious purpose of the game, its worldview, its content, and its context of use brought a different but useful logic into the game design process.
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| 48. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Smarta städer underifrån: Att lära från Barcelona och Madrid
- 2024
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här boken undersöker hur och på vilket sätt digitala teknologier kan stödja medborgarnas möjligheter till ett ökat inflytande i stadsliv och stadsutveckling. Den rapporterar forskningsprojektet "Den tredje generationens smarta svenska städer: Att lära från Barcelona och Madrid" med finansiering från Richterska stiftelsen.
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| 49. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960
(författare)
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Sociotechnical Knowledge. An Operationalised Approach to Localised Infrastructure Planning and Sustainable Urban Development
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In processes of urban infrastructural reconfiguration, there is a counterproductive tension between tendencies of de-monopolisation and market liberalisation, on the one hand, and ambitions for sustainable urban development, drawing on Keynesian reformism and ecological modernisation, on the other. In this thesis, the aim is to overcome this tension and to facilitate a concrete operationalisation of the notion &'sustainable urban development' within concrete and localised processes of planning, design, decision-making and implementation. The operationalisation of sustainable urban development is addressed through an elaborate sociotechnical approach to infrastructural reconfiguration, resulting in the construction of a sociotechnical toolbox, SoTeK (draft). The main objective of SoTeK (draft) is to facilitate the use of multiple and complementary approaches to infrastructural understanding, i.e. the emphasis is on the 'box' rather than on the 'tools'. SoTeK (draft) is put to use in an action-oriented case study elaborating on a pilot study around a locally organised city district waste management system, i.e. a situation characterised by a complexity of multiple physical and institutional sub-systems, as well as by manifold worldviews regarding the purpose of these systems. In the case study analysis, SoTeK (draft) is found to function satisfactorily but some remaining weaknesses are identified and, consequently, a complementary review of the literature is carried out. Based on this review, and drawing on the experience of the case study, a conceptual model is constructed - the MAINtetra - in the ambition to strengthen the working of the sociotechnical toolbox. This thought-model draws on the social construction of technology (SCOT) approach; so-called 'hard' and 'soft' systems theory; the strategic choice approach (SCA); different understandings of the notion 'capital'; actor network theory (ANT); and critical realism. The final version of SoTeK (revisited) is deemed a working prototype, but is in need of further trial in real life processes of infrastructural change. In addition, in parallel to the concreteness of the practice-oriented sociotechnical toolbox, a critical realist interpretation of such processes is presented, responding to the more philosophical question of: How do we make sense of reality?
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| 50. |
- Kain, Jaan-Henrik, 1960
(författare)
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Sustainable Development and Infrastructural Change
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Methodologies for Integration of Knowledge Areas: The Case of Sustainable Urban Water Management / Söderberg, Henriette, Kärrman, Erik.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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