| 1. |
- Ha, H.K., et al.
(författare)
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Circulation and modification of warm deep water on the central Amundsen Shelf
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670. ; 44:5, s. 1493-1501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circulation pathways and subsurface cooling and freshening of warm deep water on the central Amundsen Sea shelf are deduced from hydrographic transects and four subsurface moorings. The Amundsen Sea continental shelf is intersected by Dotson Trough (DT) leading from the outer shelf to the deep basins on the inner shelf. During the measurement period, warm deep water was observed to flow southward on the eastern side of DT in approximate geostrophic balance. A northward outflow from the shelf was also observed along the bottom in the western side of DT. Estimates of the flow rate suggest that up to one third of the inflowing warm deep water leaves the shelf area below the thermocline in this deep outflow. The deep current was 1.2°C colder and 0.3 psu fresher than the inflow, but still warm, salty and dense compared to the overlying water mass. The temperature and salinity properties suggest that the cooling and freshening process is induced by subsurface melting of glacial ice, likely from basal melting of Dotson and Getz ice shelves. New heat budgets are presented, with a southward oceanic heat transport of 3.3 TW on the eastern side of the DT, a northward oceanic heat transport of 0.5-1.6 TW on the western side, and an ocean-to-glacier heat flux of 0.9-2.53 TW, equivalent to melting glacial ice at the rate of 83- 237 km3yr-1 . Recent satellite-based estimates of basal melt rates for the glaciers suggest comparable values, 145 km3yr-1 (Getz) and 45 km3yr-1 35 (Dotson) (Rignot et al. 2013).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kalén, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Combination of reverse and chemical genetic screens reveals angiogenesis inhibitors and targets.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemistry & biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1301 .- 1074-5521. ; 16:4, s. 432-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combined reverse and chemical genetics to identify targets and compounds modulating blood vessel development. Through transcript profiling in mice, we identified 150 potentially druggable microvessel-enriched gene products. Orthologs of 50 of these were knocked down in a reverse genetic screen in zebrafish, demonstrating that 16 were necessary for developmental angiogenesis. In parallel, 1280 pharmacologically active compounds were screened in a human cell-based assay, identifying 28 compounds selectively inhibiting endothelial sprouting. Several links were revealed between the results of the reverse and chemical genetic screens, including the serine/threonine (S/T) phosphatases ppp1ca, ppp1cc, and ppp4c and an inhibitor of this gene family; Endothall. Our results suggest that the combination of reverse and chemical genetic screens, in vertebrates, is an efficient strategy for the identification of drug targets and compounds that modulate complex biological systems, such as angiogenesis.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Kristian F, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Eating disorders are associated with increased risk of fall injury and fracture in Swedish men and women
- 2022
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 33, s. 1347-1355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Summary In this retrospective cohort study, men and women with eating disorders (n = 8867) had higher risk of injurious falls and hip fractures than age, sex, and county-matched controls (n = 88670). Introduction Eating disorders have been associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk, but the association with fall injuries without fracture has not previously been investigated. Furthermore, fracture risk in men with eating disorders has been insufficiently studied. Methods In the present study, 8867 patients (9.4% men) with a diagnosed eating disorders and 88670 age-, sex-, and county-matched controls were investigated. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients and controls was 41.6 (13.7) years and the follow-up time 9.6 (5.2, 14.4) years (median, interquartile range) for patients and 10.1 (5.5, 14.2) years for controls. The proportions of injurious falls without fracture (17.3% vs. 9.0%) and of hip fracture (1.6% vs. 0.7%) were substantially greater in patients with an eating disorder than in their corresponding population controls. In an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, individuals with an eating disorder had a higher risk of injurious falls without fracture (Hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.07 (1.96-2.18), and hip fracture (HR 2.30 (1.92-2.75)) than the risk observed in the controls. The HR for any investigated outcome associated with an eating disorder did not differ by sex or age (interaction term p > 0.10). The risk of injurious falls without fracture and hip fracture was increased in both women (HR 2.07 (1.95-2.19) and HR 2.41 (1.98-2.93), respectively) and men (HR 2.09 (1.76-2.49) and HR 1.84(1.12-3.02), respectively), with an eating disorder. Conclusion The risk of injurious falls without fracture and of hip fracture is increased in both women and men with eating disorders, indicating measures to prevent both falls and fractures are important in these patients, regardless of age and
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| 7. |
- Hellström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 445:7129, s. 776-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In sprouting angiogenesis, specialized endothelial tip cells lead the outgrowth of blood-vessel sprouts towards gradients of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. VEGF-A is also essential for the induction of endothelial tip cells, but it is not known how single tip cells are selected to lead each vessel sprout, and how tip-cell numbers are determined. Here we present evidence that delta-like 4 (Dll4)-Notch1 signalling regulates the formation of appropriate numbers of tip cells to control vessel sprouting and branching in the mouse retina. We show that inhibition of Notch signalling using gamma-secretase inhibitors, genetic inactivation of one allele of the endothelial Notch ligand Dll4, or endothelial-specific genetic deletion of Notch1, all promote increased numbers of tip cells. Conversely, activation of Notch by a soluble jagged1 peptide leads to fewer tip cells and vessel branches. Dll4 and reporters of Notch signalling are distributed in a mosaic pattern among endothelial cells of actively sprouting retinal vessels. At this location, Notch1-deleted endothelial cells preferentially assume tip-cell characteristics. Together, our results suggest that Dll4-Notch1 signalling between the endothelial cells within the angiogenic sprout serves to restrict tip-cell formation in response to VEGF, thereby establishing the adequate ratio between tip and stalk cells required for correct sprouting and branching patterns. This model offers an explanation for the dose-dependency and haploinsufficiency of the Dll4 gene, and indicates that modulators of Dll4 or Notch signalling, such as gamma-secretase inhibitors developed for Alzheimer's disease, might find usage as pharmacological regulators of angiogenesis.
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| 8. |
- Kalén, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Forage availability for moose of young silver birch and Scots pine
- 2004
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 1872-7042. ; 187:2-3, s. 149-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forestry in Sweden suffers from browsing damage caused by large herbivores, mainly moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Silviculture affects the availability of forage for these animals, and thus the browsing pressure. A step towards modeling the response of trees or to predict browsing damage is to gain more knowledge on the availability of food in forest stands. Individual gap-models are a genre of computer models widely used in studying forest dynamics. Since few of these models include browsing effects, however, they are of limited use for evaluating the effects that silvicultural strategies have on forage availability and browsing damage. The aim of this study was to collect data useful in developing a model for describing the amounts of biomass of young birch (Betula pendula) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees available to moose. Birch and pines trees were harvested and were divided into different biomass fractions (leaves and twigs of different diameters). The distribution of leaf/needle and twig biomass in the crown was recorded by dividing the trees into sections. The results showed the distribution of the crown biomass to be best described by a sinusoidal model. On average, the model described 79 and 86% (pine and birch, respectively) of the variation in the different fractions. A significant relationship was found between the basal area and the amounts of both leaves and twigs of the different fractions. The biomass available for consumption increased with tree height up to a maximum of 0.6 and 1.0 kg per tree (pine and birch, respectively), 4 m in height. The correlations obtained can be used for introducing browsing into existing gap-models. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Minu, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal and spatial distribution of trace metals in the Rufiji delta mangrove, Tanzania
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : SPRINGER. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 190:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial and temporal distribution of trace metals and their cycling is a key issue for understanding the ongoing biogeochemical processes in coastal environments. Sediment cores were collected from six different sampling locations from the Rufiji delta mangrove forests in southeastern coastal Tanzania that are perceived to be impacted by urban development and agricultural activities in the catchment, and pollution in upstream sections of the Rufiji River. The chronology and sediment accumulation rates at these sampling sites were derived based on the distribution of Pb-210(excess) method. The trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were sequentially extracted as per the BCR method and analyzed. The results indicate that the mass accumulation rates range from 0.40 g cm(-2) year(-1) (cores NR3 and NR4) to 1.75 g cm(-2) year(-1) (core SR1). Trace metals in the cores are mainly associated with the residual phase and their abundances in sediments are ranked as Cr amp;gt; Zn amp;gt; Ni amp;gt; Cu amp;gt; Pb amp;gt; Cd. The results imply that trace metals in the Rufiji delta mangroves are mainly of crustal origin, and they are less sensitive to weathering. Further, these metals are least available for uptake by plants and they pose limited threat to the biota.
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| 12. |
- Wedin, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Complications and survival after surgical treatment of 214 metastatic lesions of the humerus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1058-2746 .- 1532-6500. ; 21:8, s. 1049-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The humerus is the second most common long-bone site of metastatic bone disease. We report complications, risk factors for failure, and survival of a large series of patients operated on for skeletal metastases of the humerus. Materials and methods: This study was based on 208 patients treated surgically for 214 metastatic lesions of the humerus. Reconstructions were achieved by intramedullary nails in 148, endoprostheses in 35, plate fixation in 21, and by other methods in 10. Results: The median age at surgery was 67 years (range, 29-87 years). Breast cancer was the primary tumor in 31%. The overall failure rate of the surgical reconstructions was 9%. The reoperation rate was 7% in the proximal humerus, 8% in the diaphysis, and 33% in the distal part of the bone. Among 36 operations involving an endoprosthesis, 2 were failures (6%) compared with 18 of 178 osteosynthetic devices (10%). In the osteosynthesis group, intramedullary nails failed in 7% and plate fixation failed in 22%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prostate cancer was associated with an increased risk of failure after surgery (hazard ratio, 7; P < 0.033). The cumulative survival after surgery was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34-47) at 1 year, 21% (95% CI, 15-26) at 2 years, and 16% (95% CI, 12-19) at 3 years. Conclusions: Our method of choice is the cemented hemiprosthesis for pathologic proximal humeral fractures and interlocked intramedullary nail for lesions in the diaphysis. Pathologic fractures in the distal humerus are uncommon and associated with a very high reoperation rate. Level of evidence: Level IV, Case Series, Treatment Study. (C) 2012 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.
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