| 1. |
- Aho, Vilma, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep loss and insufficient sleep are risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, but data on how insufficient sleep contributes to these diseases are scarce. These questions were addressed using two approaches: an experimental, partial sleep restriction study (14 cases and 7 control subjects) with objective verification of sleep amount, and two independent epidemiological cohorts (altogether 2739 individuals) with questions of sleep insufficiency. In both approaches, blood transcriptome and serum metabolome were analysed. Sleep loss decreased the expression of genes encoding cholesterol transporters and increased expression in pathways involved in inflammatory responses in both paradigms. Metabolomic analyses revealed lower circulating large HDL in the population cohorts among subjects reporting insufficient sleep, while circulating LDL decreased in the experimental sleep restriction study. These findings suggest that prolonged sleep deprivation modifies inflammatory and cholesterol pathways at the level of gene expression and serum lipoproteins, inducing changes toward potentially higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
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| 2. |
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Changing Social Equality : The Nordic welfare model in the 21st century
- 2012
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changing social equality through state policies was perhaps the greatest legacy of the twentieth century. The Nordic countries in particular have been able to raise living standards and curb inequalities without compromising economic growth. But with social inequalities on the rise, how do they fare when compared with countries with alternative welfare models, such as the UK, the Netherlands and Germany? Taking a comparative perspective, this book casts light on the changing inequalities in Europe. Contributions from experts in a range of fields examine the causes, direction and impact of changes, investigating whether support for egalitarian policies is diminishing and whether policies are becoming less effective at reducing inequalities. The book demonstrates how the Nordic countries seem to be on a track that will eventually lead to a welfare model where ‘some are more equal than others’.
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| 3. |
- Ervasti, Heikki, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic Model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Attitudes in a European Perspective. - : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, Cheltenham. - 978 1 84720 931 3 ; , s. 1-21
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fritzell, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Temporal and Cross-National Poverty and Mortality Rates among Developed Countries
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental and Public health. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9805 .- 1687-9813. ; 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prime objective of welfare state activities is to take action to enhance population health and to decrease mortality risks. For several centuries, poverty has been seen as a key social risk factor in these respects. Consequently, the fight against poverty has historically been at the forefront of public health and social policy. The relationship between relative poverty rates and population health indicators is less self-evident, notwithstanding the obvious similarity to the debated topic of the relationship between population health and income inequality. In this study we undertake a comparative analysis of the relationship between relative poverty and mortality across 26 countries over time, with pooled cross-sectional time series analysis. We utilize data from the Luxembourg Income Study to construct age-specific poverty rates across countries and time covering the period from around 1980 to 2005, merged with data on age- and gender-specific mortality data from the Human Mortality Database. Our results suggest not only an impact of relative poverty but also clear differences by welfare regime that partly goes beyond the well-known differences in poverty rates between welfare regimes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kvist, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic responses to rising inequalities : still pursuing a distinct path or joining the rest?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Changing Social Equality. - Bristol : Policy Press. - 184742659X ; , s. 201-205
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Whether the Nordic countries have stemmed the international tide of inequality better, worse or merely different from other Western countries is the question addressed in this final chapter. Applying the results of the analysis in the previous chapters, this chapter prepares trends across different aspects of inequality and the Nordic welfare model. The findings point towards a complex transformation of the Nordic welfare model. The overall aim of motivating individuals and helping them find work, form families and excel in society may be intact. However, the mix of policies has become ambiguous in relation to the aims of promoting individuals' agency and protecting their level of living outside work. At the same time, rewarding employment is becoming more dominant.
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| 11. |
- Lindström, John, et al.
(författare)
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European roadmap for industrial process automation
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is an updated version of the ProcessIT. EU roadmap for industrial process automation, which was initially released in 2013 to provide guidance and input for process industry companies, providers of process industrial IT- and automation solutions, researchers as well as policy makers and bodies/initiatives that craft calls for RDI-projects. The main objective is for European process industry to stay competitive, profitable and sustainable. Thus, to support European process industry in its industrial process automation endeavours, the ProcessIT. EU roadmap outlines three top-level needs: sustainable production, competence management and trust, security, safety and privacy. These three top-level needs intersect the following ten R&D areas:• Productivity, efficiency, scalability and flexibility• Sustainability through circular economy - circular economy through industrial internet• Distributed production/modular factories and services• Artificial Intelligence and Big Data• Autonomous plants and remote operations• Platform economy• Cybersecurity• Safety - human, machine and environment• Competences and quality of work• Human-Machine Interfaces and Machine- to-Machine communications,which in turn are used as building blocks in the nine gamechangers . The gamechangers aim to influence the process industries’ competitiveness, profitability and sustainability . The gamechangers are listed below:• Modular factory for distributed and automated production• Live virtual twins of raw-materials, process and products• Increased information transparency between field and ERP• Real-time data analytics• Dynamic control and optimisation of output tolerances• Process industry as an integrated and agile part of the energy system• Management of critical knowledge• Semi-autonomous automation engineering• Integrated operational and cybersecurity managementFinally, the ProcessIT. EU roadmap provides an insight into what may need to be considered on strategic and tactical levels, in terms of: objec-tives, R&D areas, game changers and business modelling, to keep and develop the competitive edge and initiative.
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| 12. |
- Lundberg, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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The role of welfare state principles and generosity in social policy programmes for public health : an international comparative study
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 372:9650, s. 1633-1640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Many important social determinants of health are also the focus for social policies. Welfare states contribute to the resources available for their citizens through cash transfer programmes and subsidised services. Although all rich nations have welfare programmes, there are clear cross-national differences with respect to their design and generosity These differences are evident in national variations in poverty rates, especially among children and elderly people. We investigated to what extent variations in family and pension policies are linked to infant mortality and old-age excess mortality. Methods Infant mortality rates and old-age excess mortality rates were analysed in relation to social policy characteristics and generosity. We did pooled cross-sectional time-series analyses of 18 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries during the period 1970-2000 for family policies and 1950-2000 for pension policies. Findings Increased generosity in family policies that support dual-earner families is linked with lower infant mortality rates, whereas the generosity in family policies that support more traditional families with gainfully employed men and homemaking women is not. An increase by one percentage point in dual-earner support lowers infant mortality by 0.04 deaths per 1000 births. Generosity in basic security type of pensions is linked to lower old-age excess mortality, whereas the generosity of earnings-related income security pensions is not. An increase by one percentage point in basic security pensions is associated with a decrease in the old age excess mortality by 0.02 for men as well as for women. Interpretation The ways in which social policies are designed, as well as their generosity, are important for health because of the increase in resources that social policies entail. Hence, social policies are of major importance for how we can tackle the social determinants of health.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Palme, Joakim, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Making social policy work for economic development
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; :Supplement, s. 62-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Palme, Joakim, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Poverty and income distribution in the Nordic countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Nordic Welfare State- A Basic Reader. - Shanghai : The Nordic Centre, Fudan University. - 9787309072327 ; , s. 179-196
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Rauch, Dietmar, 1969-
(författare)
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Institutional fragmentation and social service variations : A Scandinavian comparison
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Scandinavian welfare states – Denmark, Norway, and Sweden – are usually assumed to constitute a coherent and unique social service model, characterized among other things by a high level of universalism. This thesis questions the existence of such a model. It presents cross-country data, which demonstrate that only Denmark complies with the image of the Scandinavian social service model, while Norway and Sweden deviate significantly. Norwegian childcare services and Swedish elderlycare services do not stand out as particularly universalistic in comparison with other Western European countries. Altogether it seems that the Scandinavian countries in terms of social service universalism form a less coherent group than often believed. The main aim of this thesis is to explain this lack of coherence among the Scandinavian social service systems and to understand variations between different service fields. Two main questions are raised: First, why do the Scandinavian countries display different levels of social service universalism? Second, why are there different developments in the Swedish welfare state as to the level of social service universalism between the two major social service fields of childcare and elderlycare? In order to answer these questions, an institutionalist approach is chosen, focusing on the impact of institutional fragmentation in the implementation process between the central government level on one hand and local governments and NGOs on the other. It is hypothesized that a low level of institutional fragmentation implying a concentration of policy-specific authority on the central state level is a positive precondition for the achievement of social service universalism, whereas a high level of institutional fragmentation providing municipalities and/or NGOs with veto points against universalistic social service policies instead has a detrimental impact on the prospects of social service universalism. Empirical data drawing on public documents and national statistics support this hypothesis: In those countries and in those social service fields where a strong concentration of implementative decision making exists, a stronger level of social service universalism has been accomplished than in those where the implementative decision making is heavily fragmented between the central government on one hand and municipalities and/or NGOs on the other. This finding tentatively indicates that the intra-Scandinavian variations of social service universalism across countries and across policy fields are indeed related to different levels of institutional fragmentation in the implementation process.
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| 18. |
- Surakka, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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A Genome-Wide Screen for Interactions Reveals a New Locus on 4p15 Modifying the Effect of Waist-to-Hip Ratio on Total Cholesterol
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 7:10, s. e1002333-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies described 95 loci controlling serum lipid levels. These common variants explain similar to 25% of the heritability of the phenotypes. To date, no unbiased screen for gene-environment interactions for circulating lipids has been reported. We screened for variants that modify the relationship between known epidemiological risk factors and circulating lipid levels in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) data from 18 population-based cohorts with European ancestry (maximum N = 32,225). We collected 8 further cohorts (N = 17,102) for replication, and rs6448771 on 4p15 demonstrated genome-wide significant interaction with waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR) on total cholesterol (TC) with a combined P-value of 4.79 x 10(-9). There were two potential candidate genes in the region, PCDH7 and CCKAR, with differential expression levels for rs6448771 genotypes in adipose tissue. The effect of WHR on TC was strongest for individuals carrying two copies of G allele, for whom a one standard deviation (sd) difference in WHR corresponds to 0.19 sd difference in TC concentration, while for A allele homozygous the difference was 0.12 sd. Our findings may open up possibilities for targeted intervention strategies for people characterized by specific genomic profiles. However, more refined measures of both body-fat distribution and metabolic measures are needed to understand how their joint dynamics are modified by the newly found locus.
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