| 1. |
- Hedström, Brita, et al.
(författare)
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Visby Innerstad : En användningsplan
- 1973
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sedan lång tid föreligger i stort sett enighet om att bevara innerstadens bebyggelse och att anpassa eventuella nytillskott till det redan bestående. Med den inställningen har förändringsprocessen både dämpats och mildrats men ändå inte bragts att avstanna. Förändringar sker ständigt om det också huvudsakligen i smått: de många synbart så anspråkslösa byggnadsåtgärderna adderar efterhand ihop sig till något större och mer genomgripande. Långsamt, nästan omärkligt, ändrar innerstaden sitt ansikte.Ändå är det inte själva husen som förändrats mest utan användningen av dem. Ur funktionell synpunkt har 1950 - och 60-talen har varit något av en omstörtning i innerstadens historia: den har förlorat nästan hälften av de boende, en stor del av detaljhandeln och praktiskt taget helt sin gamla roll som skolcentrum. I gengäld har ytterstaden vuxit ut till ett sammanhängande kilometerbrett bälte. Till stor del av denna funktionella förändring en följd av beslutet att bevara innerstadens bebyggelse. Vad som inte fått plats inom den gamla ramen har etablerats utandör den.Föreliggande arbete vill ge en översiktlig bild av förändringsförloppen, sedda i ett långt tidsperspektiv men med tonvikt på dagsläget. Bebyggelsen tas upp till utförlig granskning men också användningen av den. Det är just samspelet mellan husen och de funtkioner, de fyller, som kan sägas utgöra bokens huvudtema. I de flesta fall är detta sammanhang hus-användning alldeles konfliktfritt och föranleder därför inte heller någon diskussion. Vad som behandlas är de relativt få problematiska fallen, hus som borde rustas upp för att fylla sin uppgift, hus som är olämpligt nyttjade eller inte använda alls. En serie sådana fall tas upp till systematisk genomgång; samtidigt berörs också de trafik - och miljömässiga konsekvenserna. Bokens syfte är alltså klart: den ger ett underlag av fakta för arbetet med att jämka samman byggnader och användningsformer. I den meningen kan skriften kallas en anvädningsplan för Visby innanför murarna.Arkitekturskolanas arbete har bedrivitis parallellt med den kommunala Innerstadskommitténs verksamhet. Något organiserat samarbete har inte förekommit med de informella kontakterna har varit både täta och goda. Att likheterna mellan Innerstadskommittén och Arkitekturskolans slutsatser blivit så pass stora, kan tillskrivas en gemensam helhetssyn.En av Arkitekturskolans elever, arkitekt Lars-Ingvar Larsson, har tidigare självständigt genomfört en undersökning av förändringar i innerstaden 1945-70- Denna studie publicerats separat och bör uppfattas som ett komplement till den hör föreliggande.Förutom de i innehållsförteckningen nämnda har ytterligare några aktivt medverkat i arbetet. Studiet av trafikfrågorna i innerstaden, i hamnen och öster om ringmuren leddes av Åke Claesson, I fältstudier och diskussioner medverkande Göran Månsson.Arkitekturskolan har fått god hjälp av ett antal initierade personer i Visby. Särskild tacksamhet är vi skyldiga byggnadsnämnden ordförande Henning Jacobson, kommunalrådet C B Stenström, stadsarkitekten Måns Hagbergm f. länsbostadsdorektören Åke Malmberg och landsantikvarien Gunnar Svahnström. I boken publiceringskostnaderna har ekonomiskt bidrag lämnats av Gotlands kommun och Riksantikvarieämbetet.Boken har redigerats av Sture Balgård och Ann Mari Westerlind med hjälp av Henrik O Andersson, Bo Ek, Göran Lindahl, Fredrik von Platen, John Sjöström Gunnar Westerlind och Hans Wetterfors.Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, sommaren 1973.Arkitekturskolans lärare och elever.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Danielsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Mini-seedlings of Picea abies are less attacked by Hylobius abietis than conventional ones : Is plant chemistry the explanation?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 23:4, s. 299-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is a major pest in conifer reforestation areas in the Palaearctic region. Size and chemistry of the seedlings may explain the damage rates in plantations. The performance of 10-week containerized seedlings (mini-seedlings) was compared with 1-year-old conventional seedlings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.), in a field experiment in central Sweden. After 2 years the weevil damage was lower for the mini-seedlings than for the conventional seedlings (3.5 vs 55%). After 3 years, the overall survival was 82 and 75%, respectively. Weevil damage was the main cause of mortality for conventional seedlings, whereas mini-seedlings mainly died from drought. Volatiles of the two seedling types were compared by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Unwounded mini-seedlings and conventional seedlings differed in their compositions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Miniseedlings mainly emitted limonene, known to be repellent to the pine weevil. When wounded, green leaf volatiles were released by mini-seedlings while the pine weevil attractant alpha-pinene was released by conventional seedlings. Volatiles may partly explain the mini-seedlings' resistance against weevil attack. Further studies are needed to clarify how long this miniseedling effect remains.
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| 4. |
- Faldt, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of fungal infection and wounding on contents and enantiomeric compositions of monoterpenes in phloem of Pinus sylvestris
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0098-0331 .- 1573-1561. ; 32:8, s. 1779-1795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify chemical resistant markers induced by fungal or mechanical injury, young trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were subjected to inoculations of blue stain fungi associated with the pine shoot beetles Tomicus piniperda and T. minor. Among the 20 trees selected for chemical analyses, 16 were divided into four groups: one as control and three were pretreated by wounding only, or by inoculation with either the blue stain fungus Leptographium wingfieldii or Ophiostoma canum. Four wk after pretreatment, all 16 pretreated trees were mass-inoculated with L. wingfieldii. The absolute and relative amounts, as well as the enantiomeric compositions of monoterpene hydrocarbons in the phloem, were determined via a small sample of the phloem before and after the pretreatment and mass inoculation, by using two-dimensional gas chromatography (2D GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). After mass inoculation, the absolute amounts of most of the monoterpenes decreased in the phloem sampled > 20 cm from the fungal infection, and were higher in the phloem sampled within the infected reaction zone. The relative amounts of both (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-limonene increased in phloem samples taken > 20 cm above the fungal inoculation in the preinoculated trees compared with phloem sampled from the remaining four control trees. The enantiomeric compositions of beta-pinene and limonene changed, after fungal growth, at defined distances from the inoculation site: the proportion of the (-)-enantiomers was highest in the phloem sampled > 20 cm from the fungal inoculation. Four wk after pretreatment, monoterpene production in the phloem at the site of inoculation was more enhanced by L. wingfieldii than by O. canum. However, the different virulence levels of the fungi did not affect the enantiomeric composition of the monoterpenes. The biosynthesis of monoterpene enantiomers is discussed in relation to induced pathogen resistance.
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| 5. |
- Gramenius, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Praktikfallet Rydab
- 1999
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and outcome of patients with acute chest pain in relation to the use of ambulances in an urban and a rural area
- 2006
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Ingår i: Am J Emerg Med. - : W.B. Saunders Co.. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 24:7, s. 775-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of ambulance use and the long-term prognosis in acute chest pain in an urban and a rural area and whether there is a difference between an urban and a rural area. PROCEDURES: Patients with acute chest pain consecutively admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital (a city hospital) and Uddevalla County Hospital between November 1996 and April 1997 were followed up prospectively for 5 years. RESULTS: In the city hospital, 688 (36%) of 1907 patients were transported by ambulance as compared with 369 (44%) of 842 patients in the county hospital. The patients transported by ambulance were much older (mean, 71 vs 59 years in both areas), and the comorbidity was more severe among patients transported by ambulance in both areas. In the city hospital, the 5-year mortality was 41.8% among those transported by ambulance and 15.8% among those transported by other means (P < .0001). The corresponding figures for the county hospital were 38.7% and 11.0% with a P value of less than .0001. CONCLUSIONS: During the 1990s, patients with acute chest pain who were transported to a hospital by ambulance differed markedly in characteristics and outcome when compared with patients transported by other means. Results did not differ with regard to area.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Karlson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta medica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6101. ; 220:4, s. 347-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thrombotest (TT) values were studied in patients fed an ordinary diet and on continuous and well controlled warfarin therapy because of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The aim was to characterize the effect of single and multiple administrations (daily during one week) of vitamin K1 (Konakion), vitamin K-rich vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, and table wine. Single administration of 250 micrograms vitamin K1, 250 g spinach, 250 g broccoli and 37.5 cl wine did not result in TT-values outside the therapeutic range. However, when Konakion, broccoli and spinach were given daily during one week the TT-values tended to rise above the therapeutic limit, requiring dose adjustment. On the basis of this study it appears that excessive intake of vitamin K-rich food and a moderate intake of alcohol on one occasion may be permitted during anticoagulant therapy.
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| 10. |
- Karlson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless Foresight: Scenarios of the Mobile World in 2015
- 2003
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We are entering exciting times. After the decade when the Internet and the cell-phone changed our lives and working habits, these two technologies are about to merge. At the same time, the industry is going through one of its worst crises ever. At this crossroads, the future can take any direction. Up or down. Success or failure. This is the website of the final report from the scenario project Wireless Foresight. The report deals with the state of the wireless industry in 2015 and presents four scenarios of the future: »Wireless Explosion – Creative Destruction«, »Slow Motion«, »Rediscovering Harmony«, and »Big Moguls and Snoopy Governments«. From the scenarios, important areas for technological research are identified. A number of critical challenges facing industry are identified: the high cost for infrastructure, the slow spectrum release, the stampeding system complexity, radiation, battery capacity, and the threat of a disruptive market change facing the telco industry. The project has been initiated by Wireless@KTH, a research and educational center formed by the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in cooperation with industry.
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| 11. |
- Karlson, Mårten, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Design and evaluation of railway corridors based on spatial ecological and geological criteria
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 46, s. 207-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport infrastructure is closely linked to several sustainability issues of main policy relevance, and significant impacts on biodiversity as well as resource use and construction costs relate to the corridor design and location in the landscape. The aim of this study was to develop methods for railway corridor planning, in which corridor design and location would be based on important ecological and geological sustainability criteria. The method, an MCA framework including both spatial and non-spatial MCA, was demonstrated on a railway planning proposition in an urbanising area north of Stockholm, Sweden. Alternative spatial alignments for 6 railway corridors were derived based on criteria representing biodiversity, resource efficiency and costs, developed from ecological and geological knowledge, data and models. The method identified a study area specific positive synergy between ecological and geological sustainability criteria. The evaluation part of the methodology could furthermore identify uncertainties in the input data and assumptions and conflicts between ecological criteria. In order to arrive at a well-informed decision support system, the criteria as well as the decision rules employed could be further elaborated. Other relevant sustainability issues would also need to be integrated, such as cultural landscapes, recreation, and other ecosystem services. Still, arriving at a corridor design informed by the ecological and geological conditions in the planned area, as demonstrated by this study, could improve the sustainability performance of transport infrastructure planning.
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| 12. |
- Kännaste, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Odors of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) seedlings : differences due to age and chemotype
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trees. - : Springer. - 0931-1890 .- 1432-2285. ; 27, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small conifer seedlings (mini-seedlings) are less damaged by the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) compared to conventional seedlings. Chemical difference between the seedling types is one possible explanation for this phenomenon. In the present paper, the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) of 7- to 43-week-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings were analyzed. Collection and identification of the volatiles was made by solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS). The enantiomers of α-pinene and limonene were separated in a two-dimensional GC (2D-GC). Most of the seedlings represented either a limonene- or a bornyl acetate-chemotype. Only minor changes in the volatile composition of the two types of seedlings were found during the first year. Age-related changes, however, were found in the volatiles released by wounded phloem where green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and borneol were the dominated VOC for young seedling. The attractive compound for the pine weevil, α-pinene, was first detected in the phloem emissions of 18- to 22-week-old seedlings. Different storage conditions of the seedlings during the winter/early spring-phase influenced the volatile composition in the phloem. High amount of GLVs was characteristic for the 43-week-old seedlings stored in naturally changing outdoor temperature, but not present in the seedlings winter-stored at a constant temperature of −4 °C. The possible role of these observed differences in odor emissions between seedlings of different age and physiological status for the feeding preferences of the large pine weevil is discussed.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Mageroy, Melissa H., et al.
(författare)
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Priming of inducible defenses protects Norway spruce against tree‐killing bark beetles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plant, Cell and Environment. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0140-7791 .- 1365-3040. ; 43:2, s. 420-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants can form an immunological memory known as defense priming, whereby exposure to a priming stimulus enables quicker or stronger response to subsequent attack by pests and pathogens. Such priming of inducible defenses provides increased protection and reduces allocation costs of defense. Defense priming has been widely studied for short–lived model plants such as Arabidopsis, but little is known about this phenomenon in long‐lived plants like spruce. We compared the effects of pre‐treatment with sub‐lethal fungal inoculations or application of the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the resistance of 48‐year‐old Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees to mass attack by a tree‐killing bark beetle beginning 35 days later. Bark beetles heavily infested and killed untreated trees, but largely avoided fungus‐inoculated trees and MeJA‐treated trees. Quantification of defensive terpenes at the time of bark beetle attack showed fungal inoculation induced 91‐fold higher terpene concentrations compared to untreated trees, while application of MeJA did not significantly increase terpenes. These results indicate that resistance in fungus‐inoculated trees is a result of direct induction of defenses while resistance in MeJA‐treated trees is due to defense priming. This work extends our knowledge of defense priming from model plants to an ecologically important tree species.
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| 16. |
- Malmberg, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Jourtjänstgöring: påverkan på katabola processer och återhämtning
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anestesiläkare rapporterades i en svensk studie ha en högre mortalitet än genomsnittet av läkare. Detta fynd har dock ej kunnat reproduceras i motsvarande studier i de övriga nordiska länderna. Likväl har det spekulerats i om den angivna överrisken bland svenska anestesiläkare kan relateras till gruppens jourarbete med höga krav, nattarbete och stress. Kunskapen om hälsoeffekter av läkares jourarbete är generellt sett bristfällig. Mot denna bakgrund kontaktade Anestesikliniken i Lund den Yrkes- och miljömedicinska kliniken för genomförande av en stressfysiologisk undersökning av anestesiläkarna. Syftet var att undersöka om läkarnas upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och deras fysiologiska och psykologiska reaktioner i samband med jourarbete nådde nivåer som kan anses indikera risk för ohälsa. Ett primärt mål var att studera möjligheterna till återhämtning efter jour. En viktig fråga var också om anestesiläkarnas reaktioner vid jour skiljde sig från reaktioner hos läkare med annan specialitet. Deltagarna arbetade vid Lunds Universitetssjukhus som anestesiläkare (N=19) eller som läkare på öron-näsa-hals eller barnklinik (N=20). Samtliga hade nattjour (primärjour). Dessutom har anestesiläkare med nattjour från Göteborg (N=45), vilka under samma tidsperiod blev undersökta med samma psykosociala frågeformulär som läkarna i Lund, använts som en extern kontrollgrupp. Jämförelser har även gjorts mot populationsbaserade kontroller från Region Skåne. I början av undersökningsperioden besvarade samtliga deltagare ett omfattande frågeformulär. Deltagarna i Lund genomgick sedan en fysiologisk monitorering under en schemacykel på 2-3 veckor. Under denna period mättes reglering av autonom balans via hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet (HRV) med personburen ekg-logger samt påverkan på hypothalamus-hypofys-binjurebark-axeln (HPA-axeln) via salivkortisol. Provtagning och mätning genomfördes både på vanlig arbetsdag, jourdygn, dag efter jour och i vissa fall på ledig dag. Dessa mätningar ufördes i en motbalanserad design då tillvänjning till mätningen skulle kunna ge en förändrad respons. Med fasteblodprov (insulin, glukos, TSH, T4, testosteron, SHBG, IGF-1, HbA1c, TG, HDL, LDL) följdes individernas övriga metabola reaktioner före och efter nattjour. Subjektiv hälsa och trivsel i arbetet upplevdes av majoriteten i läkargrupperna som god, trots att en tredjedel av de undersökta uppgav en pressad arbetssituation med höga krav och låg kontroll. Det fanns inga skillnader mellan grupperna avseende dessa variabler. Även i frågor angående sömn, trötthet och balans mellan ansträngning och belöning låg läkargrupperna väsentligen på samma nivåer som personer från tidigare undersökningar på arbetsplatser i regionen. Blodprovsmarkörer för insulinkänslighet och blodfettsbalans låg stabilt över jourcykeln för samtliga undersökta grupper. TSH-värdet var i genomsnitt 26 % lägre ett dygn efter jour i hela läkargruppen jämfört med en vanlig arbetsdag (p<0,001). Det fanns ingen skillnad mellan grupperna. Det förelåg ingen förändrad kortisolrespons vid jour jämfört med en vanlig arbetsdag. Ej heller någon statistiskt säkerställd gruppskillnad i kortisolnivåer kunde påvisas. 4 När det gäller hjärtfrekvensvariabiliteten var dock situationen en annan: I HRV-analyser kväll och natt visade hela läkargruppen 15-30 % minskad högfrekvent variabilitet i relation till total variabilitet (HFnu, p<0,001) vid jour. Detta indikerar ett minskat inslag av parasympatikus, vilket kan innebära en högre stressnivå. Anestesiläkarnas jour-reaktion skiljde sig inte från de övriga läkarnas. Dock avvek anestesiläkarna i ett par avseenden generellt och oberoende av jour: Vi fann en 30 % lägre nivå (p=0,03) av RMSSD (HRV-variabel som speglar parasympatikusinslaget under 24 timmar) hos anestesiläkarna. Detta tyder på att deras autonoma balans var präglad av en lägre parasympatikus-tonus. Dessutom hade anestesiläkarna i genomsnitt 40-50 % lägre total hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet (total power, TP) vid analyser i entimmes analysfönster kväll och natt (kl 21-22 samt 03-04) jämfört med barn- och önh-läkarna (p=0,001), vilket också antyder skillnader mellan grupperna i autonom reglering. Den exakta fysiologiska betydelsen av detta kan dock diskuteras. Att de påvisade skillnaderna mellan läkargrupperna skulle bero på de psykiska och fysiska kraven i anestesiläkarnas arbete är tänkbart, men kan inte avgöras i denna undersökning. Det bör framhållas att fysisk aktivitet och sömn inverkar på den autonoma balansen, vilket kan innebära problem vid tolkningen av HRV-data i fältundersökningar. Här kan även finnas en för anestesiläkargruppen gemensam faktor utanför arbetet som förklaring till skillnaderna mellan grupperna. Då helt specifika HRV-mått för aktivering av sympatikus saknas baseras tolkningen av förändringar i autonom balans på förändringar i parasympatikus inverkan (RMSSD, HFnu). Slutligen kan det konstateras att de metabola förändringarna i samband med jourtjänstgöring var ytterst begränsade och bedömes ej innebära några negativa hälsoeffekter. Förändringarna i hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet kan indikera en förhöjd stressaktivering, särskilt hos anestesiläkarna. Tolkningen av bakomliggande mekanismer är dock ej entydig och behöver närmare utvärderas. En selektion av läkare med relativt lång erfarenhet i yrket kan ha bidragit till de begränsade fynden vad gäller subjektiv hälsa och trivsel samt markörer för stressaktivering.
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| 17. |
- Nylander, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Gathering design requirements for a microcommunity - the case of preschool parents and teachers
- 2009. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A microcommunity for preschool is a community for parents, teachers and other people involved in a preschool child group. The community is a tool for distributing and exchanging information and complements the traditional face to face communication and paper notes in that it makes information available from other places than the home and the preschool facilities. We present a first design iteration for preschool microcommunities with parents and teachers. Teachers have worked with a prototype tool to create microcommunities that has been made available to parents. We present a set of design principles for preschool microcommunities and a new design of the tool.
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| 18. |
- Nylander, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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”It’s just easier with the phone” – a diary study of Internet access from cell phones
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Pervasive Computing. - Berlin : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783642015151 ; , s. 354-371
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a diary study of how 19 experienced users access Internet from cell phones. Our findings show that participants often chose the cell phone to access the Internet even though they had access to a computer, and the most common location for Internet access from the phone was the home. Reasons for choosing the phone over the computer were speed, convenience and a desire to use the phone. The phone is kept close and is always on which makes it convenient to use. The traditional motivation for mobile services ”finding out something about where you are” only accounts for 15% of the material.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Per-Arne, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and alcohol problems after bariatric surgery in the swedish obese subjects study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:12, s. 2444-2451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Increased sensitivity to alcohol after gastric bypass has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with alcohol problems. Design and Methods The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study enrolled 2,010 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery (68% vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), 19% banding, and 13% gastric bypass) and 2,037 matched controls. Patients were recruited between 1987 and 2001. Data on alcohol abuse diagnoses, self-reported alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems were obtained from the National Patient Register and questionnaires. Follow-up time was 8-22 years. Results During follow-up, 93.1% of the surgery patients and 96.0% of the controls reported alcohol consumption classified as low risk by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, compared to controls, the gastric bypass group had increased risk of alcohol abuse diagnoses (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] = 4.97), alcohol consumption at least at the WHO medium risk level (adjHR = 2.69), and alcohol problems (adjHR = 5.91). VBG increased the risk of these conditions with adjHRs of 2.23, 1.52, and 2.30, respectively, while banding was not different from controls. Conclusions Alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and alcohol abuse are increased after gastric bypass and VBG.
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| 21. |
- Thang, Nguyen Dang, et al.
(författare)
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Patients admitted to hospital with chest pain - Changes in a 20-year perspective.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 166:1, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe the differences in characteristics and outcome between two consecutive series of patients admitted to hospital with chest pain in a 20-year perspective. Particular emphasis is placed on changes in outcome in relation to the initial electrocardiogram (ECG). SUBJECTS: In the two periods, 1986-1987 and 2008, all patients with chest pain admitted to the study hospitals in Gothenburg, Sweden, were included. RESULTS: Five thousand and sixteen patients were registered in a period of 21months in 1986-1987 and 2287 patients were registered during 3months in 2008. In a comparison of the two time periods, the age of chest pain patients was not significantly different (mean age 60.1±17.8years in 1986-1987 and 59.8±19.1years in 2008, p=0.50). There was a lower prevalence of previous angina pectoris, congestive heart failure and current smoking in the second period, whereas a history of acute myocardial infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus had become more prevalent. The use of cardio-protective drugs increased and ECG changes indicating acute myocardial ischemia on admission to hospital decreased. Length of hospitalisation was reduced from a median of 5days to 3days (p<0.0001). A significant decrease in 30-day and 1-year mortality was found (3.8% in 1986-1987 vs 2.0% in 2008 and 9.9% vs 6.3% respectively, p<0.0001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: During a period of 20years, the characteristics and outcome of patients admitted to hospital with chest pain changed. The most important changes were a lower prevalence of ECG signs indicating acute myocardial ischemia on admission, shorter hospitalisation time and a lower 30-day and 1-year mortality.
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| 22. |
- Zhao, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Induced Terpene Accumulation in Norway Spruce Inhibits Bark Beetle Colonization in a Dose-Dependent Manner
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:10, s. e26649-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tree-killing bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) are among the most economically and ecologically important forest pests in the northern hemisphere. Induction of terpenoid-based oleoresin has long been considered important in conifer defense against bark beetles, but it has been difficult to demonstrate a direct correlation between terpene levels and resistance to bark beetle colonization. Methods: To test for inhibitory effects of induced terpenes on colonization by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) we inoculated 20 mature Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karsten trees with a virulent fungus associated with the beetle, Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau, and investigated induced terpene levels and beetle colonization in the bark. Results: Fungal inoculation induced very strong and highly variable terpene accumulation 35 days after inoculation. Trees with high induced terpene levels (n = 7) had only 4.9% as many beetle attacks (5.1 vs. 103.5 attacks m(-2)) and 2.6% as much gallery length (0.029 m m(-2) vs. 1.11 m m(-2)) as trees with low terpene levels (n = 6). There was a highly significant rank correlation between terpene levels at day 35 and beetle colonization in individual trees. The relationship between induced terpene levels and beetle colonization was not linear but thresholded: above a low threshold concentration of similar to 100 mg terpene g(-1) dry phloem trees suffered only moderate beetle colonization, and above a high threshold of similar to 200 mg terpene g(-1) dry phloem trees were virtually unattacked. Conclusion/Significance: This is the first study demonstrating a dose-dependent relationship between induced terpenes and tree resistance to bark beetle colonization under field conditions, indicating that terpene induction may be instrumental in tree resistance. This knowledge could be useful for developing management strategies that decrease the impact of tree-killing bark beetles.
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| 23. |
- Zhao, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Storm-induced tree resistance and chemical differences in Norway spruce (Picea abies)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Forest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 68:3, s. 657-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Windstorm is one of the most destructive environmental disturbance factors on forests, but its influence on conifer defense chemistry and susceptibility to insects and diseases is not well understood.
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| 24. |
- Zhao, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of Ceratocystis polonica inoculation and methyl jasmonate application on terpene chemistry of Norway spruce, Picea abies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Phytochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 71:11-12, s. 1332-1341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constitutive and inducible terpene production is involved in conifer resistance against bark beetles and their associated fungi. In this study 72 Norway spruce (Picea abies) were randomly assigned to methyl jasmonate (MJ) application, inoculation with the bluestain fungus Ceratocystis polonica, or no-treatment control. We investigated terpene levels in the stem bark of the trees before treatment, 30 days and one year after treatment using GC-MS and two-dimensional GC (2D-GC) with a chiral column, and monitored landing and attack rates of the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, on the trees by sticky traps and visual inspection. Thirty days after fungal inoculation the absolute amount and relative proportion of (+)-3-carene, sabinene, and terpinolene increased and (+)-alpha-pinene decreased. Spraying the stems with MJ tended to generally increase the concentration of most major terpenes with minor alteration to their relative proportions, but significant increases were only observed for (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-limonene. Fungal inoculation significantly increased the enantiomeric ratio of (-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-limonene 1 month after treatment, whereas MJ only increased that of (-)-limonene. One year after treatment, both MJ and fungal inoculation increased the concentration of most terpenes relative to undisturbed control trees, with significant changes in (-)-beta-pinene, (-)-beta-phellandrene and some other compounds. Terpene levels did not change in untreated stem sections after treatment, and chemical induction by MJ and C polonica thus seemed to be restricted to the treated stem section. The enantiomeric ratio of (-)-alpha-pinene was significantly higher and the relative proportions of ( -)-limonene were significantly lower in trees that were attractive to bark beetles compared to unattractive trees. One month after fungal inoculation, the total amount of diterpenes was significantly higher in putative resistant trees with shorter lesion lengths than in putative susceptible trees with longer lesions. Thus, terpene composition in the stem bark may be related to resistance of Norway spruce against I. typographus and C. polonica.
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