| 1. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Emissionsmodell för tunnlar
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tunnels for road and street traffic become increasingly important for transport provisions, primarily in large cities. Currently, there are in Stockholm and Gothenburg high-volume tunnels in the primary road network. In addition, many new tunnels will soon be finalised or are planned both in Stockholm and Gothenburg. The exhaust emissions in road tunnels may not exceed certain limits. Road tunnels are equipped with ventilation systems to make sure that limits for air quality are not exceeded, primarily emissions of NO2. The ventilation systems are dimensioned using data on maximum expected emissions per unit of time. VTI has obtained a commission from the Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA) to develop a model for calculation of exhaust emissions in tunnels, which in addition shall take into account oversaturated conditions. Currently, SNRA has no satisfactory model for calculations at hourly level. The objective of the development effort has been to formulate a calculation model for travel speeds and emissions in motorway tunnels, to be used when tunnel ventilation systems are dimensioned. For a complete structure, the model shall provide individual tunnel tube emission data for hourly traffic, split upon homogenous - from the viewpoint of traffic engineering - road links and ventilation segments. This report describes the results of the development project for calculation of emissions in tunnels. The completed model comprises two parts, one for calculation of speed and corresponding hourly flow at given demand level and one for calculation of emissions, using hourly flows and speed as input data. For each part, there is a computer program with user manual. Test runs of the model for some basic typical tunnel cases, has been carried out to illustrate the results of the total model. The total emissions of NOx (kg/km) as a function of traffic flow have been calculated for different degree of traffic load. In addition, the model has been validated by comparisons of calculated NOx values from the model with measured NOx values in three different tunnels: the Gnistäng tunnel and the Tingstad tunnel in Gothenburg and the Southern Route tunnel in Stockholm.
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| 12. |
- Cedersund, Hans-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Bilbältesanvändningen i Sverige 2007
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- VTI has observed seat belt use in a number of towns in Central Sweden since 1983. In the original selection of measuring sites, the emphasis was placed on heavily trafficked roundabouts with both through traffic and local traffic. The intention from the beginning was to study passenger cars with back seat passengers since it was expected that these would be affected by a seat belt law a few years later. The observations last year were made over a total of nine days in August-September 2007, approximately one day per measuring point. The total number of vehicles observed was over 58,200 passenger cars and 5,700 other vehicles. When VTI commenced its measurement series in 1983, seat belt use by adult passengers in the back seat was a modest 10%. It increased in one jump to 60% when the law on seat belt use by adults in the car as a whole came into force on 1 July 1986. Today, about 80% of all adult back seat passengers use a belt. The corresponding level for children in the back seat has been consistently about 10-15 percentage points higher, maybe even more last years. In 2007, 94% of all children in the back seat wore a seat belt.
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| 13. |
- Dufåker, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Phonon replicas of charged and neutral exciton complexes in single quantum dots
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The longitudinal-optical (LO)-phonon coupling is experimentally examined by the optical decay of various charged and neutral exciton species in single quantum dots, and the related Huang-Rhys parameters are extracted. A positive trion exhibits significantly weaker LO-phonon replicas in the photoluminescence spectrum than the neutral and negatively charged species. Model computations show that the strength of the replicas is determined by the Coulomb interactions between electrons and holes, which modify the localization of the envelope wave functions and the net charge distribution.
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| 15. |
- Ekman, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Stratified genetic analysis reveals sex differences in MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332. ; 62:9, s. 3213-3218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To identify and genetically characterize subgroups of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) based on sex and ANCA subtype. Methods: A previously established SNP dataset derived from DNA sequencing of 1853 genes and genotyping of 1088 Scandinavian cases with AAV and 1589 controls was stratified for sex and ANCA subtype and analysed for association with five top AAV SNPs. rs9274619, a lead variant at the HLA-DQB1/HLA-DQA2 locus previously associated with AAV positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, was analysed for association with the cumulative disease involvement of ten different organ systems. Results: rs9274619 showed a significantly stronger association to MPO-ANCA-positive females than males [P = 2.0 × 10-4, OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.5, 3.5)], whereas proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA-associated variants rs1042335, rs9277341 (HLA-DPB1/A1) and rs28929474 (SERPINA1) were equally associated with females and males with PR3-ANCA. In MPO-ANCA-positive cases, carriers of the rs9274619 risk allele were more prone to disease engagement of eyes [P = 0.021, OR = 11 (95% CI 2.2, 205)] but less prone to pulmonary involvement [P = 0.026, OR = 0.52 (95% CI 0.30, 0.92)]. Moreover, AAV with both MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA was associated with the PR3-ANCA lead SNP rs1042335 [P = 0.0015, OR = 0.091 (95% CI 0.0022, 0.55)] but not with rs9274619. Conclusions: Females and males with MPO-ANCA-positive AAV differ in genetic predisposition to disease, suggesting at least partially distinct disease mechanisms between the sexes. Double ANCA-positive AAV cases are genetically similar to PR3-ANCA-positive cases, providing clues to the clinical follow-up and treatment of these patients.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Tema miljörisker : miljörisker och trafikanters beteenden
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report compiles the results from the project Theme Environmental risks. More specifically, the project concerned how different transport related environmental risks influence different road users and how their behaviour influence the environment. The project aimed at preparing for interdisciplinary research about environmental risks at VTI. The project was divided into three parts. The first subproject aimed at compiling literature about transport related environmental risks from psychological and economic perspectives, and in the second subproject a willingness to pay study was outlined where both economic and psychological principles were considered. In the third subproject, a simulator study was outlined. The focus was to study environmental effects of driving under controlled circumstances in the driving simulator. The report is divided into two parts. In part 1, the results from the literature review and the proposal for a willingness to pay study are described (subproject 1 and 2). This part is written in English. Part 2 contains a project outline for a simulator study in the form of an research project application (project 3). This part is written in Swedish.
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| 17. |
- Gador, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamical interference structures in fully coupled bound-bound state quantum wave-packet dynamics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 70:3, s. 033418-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quantum wave-packet dynamics in a bound-bound state system at intermediate coupling strength, the A and b states in the Rb-2 molecule coupled by spin-orbit interaction, was studied by ultrafast pump-probe molecular beam spectrocopy and quantum dynamical calculations. It was shown that even at elevated molecular temperatures the experimentally observed traces are characterized by dynamical interference structures of mesobatic, i.e., diabatic-adiabatic hybrid, kind. Two types of mesobatic motion were discerned: bistable, which occurs in both bound-unbound and bound-bound systems, and astable, which is particular to bound-bound systems at intermediate coupling strength. Contrary to previous expectations, the signatures of the quantum interference structures in pump-probe delay traces were found to be robust toward averaging over initial quantum states. It was shown that the spectral variations observed while tuning the pump pulse wavelength is a quantum matter-wave relative of the fringes observed in a pulsed optical Michelson interferometer.
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| 18. |
- Golubev, Pavel, et al.
(författare)
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Pion Emission in H-2,C-12,Al-27(gamma,pi+) Reactions at Threshold
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 806:1-4, s. 216-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The very first data from MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden on pion photoproduction at threshold energies are presented. The decrease of the total π+ yield in γ+12C, 27Al reactions below 200 MeV as well as the dσ/dΩ cross-section data essentially follow the predictions of an intranuclear-cascade model with an attractive potential for the pion–nucleus interaction. However, View the MathML source, cross-section data at 176 MeV show deviations which call for refinements of the model and possibly also for the inclusion of coherent pion-production mechanisms.
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| 19. |
- Hammarström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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EMV - a PC program for calculating exhaust emissions from road traffic : program description and user guide
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A PC program named EMV has been developed for describing total exhaust emissions from road traffic on a national or regional level. The model is used by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Swedish National Road Administration for reporting and monitoring total exhaust emissions from road traffic. The program is specially designed to evaluate changes relating to traffic, the vehicle fleet and use of different fuel types and fuel qualities.
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| 23. |
- Karlsson, K Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Phonon Coupling to Excitonic Transitions in Single InGaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Dots
- 2011
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LO‐phonon coupling is experimentally examined from the optical decay of various charged and neutral exciton species in single quantum dots. A positive trion exhibits significantly weaker LO‐phonon replicas in the photoluminescence spectrum than the neutral and negatively charged species.
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| 24. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:8, s. 753-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 loci influencing body mass index, but this measure does not distinguish lean from fat mass. To identify adiposity loci, we meta-analyzed associations between ∼2.5 million SNPs and body fat percentage from 36,626 individuals and followed up the 14 most significant (P < 10(-6)) independent loci in 39,576 individuals. We confirmed a previously established adiposity locus in FTO (P = 3 × 10(-26)) and identified two new loci associated with body fat percentage, one near IRS1 (P = 4 × 10(-11)) and one near SPRY2 (P = 3 × 10(-8)). Both loci contain genes with potential links to adipocyte physiology. Notably, the body-fat-decreasing allele near IRS1 is associated with decreased IRS1 expression and with an impaired metabolic profile, including an increased visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and decreased adiponectin levels. Our findings provide new insights into adiposity and insulin resistance.
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| 25. |
- Lebbad, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Multilocus Genotyping of Human Giardia Isolates Suggests Limited Zoonotic Transmission and Association between Assemblage B and Flatulence in Children
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 5:8, s. e1262-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common diarrhea-related parasites in humans, where infection ranges from asymptomatic to acute or chronic disease. G. intestinalis consists of eight genetically distinct genotypes or assemblages, designated A-H, and assemblages A and B can infect humans. Giardiasis has been classified as a possible zoonotic disease but the role of animals in human disease transmission still needs to be proven. We tried to link different assemblages and sub-assemblages of G. intestinalis isolates from Swedish human patients to clinical symptoms and zoonotic transmission. Methodology/Principal Findings: Multilocus sequence-based genotyping of 207 human Giardia isolates using three gene loci: beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) was combined with assemblage-specific tpi PCRs. This analysis identified 73 patients infected with assemblage A, 128 with assemblage B, and six with mixed assemblages A+B. Multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were easily determined for the assemblage A isolates, and most patients with this genotype had apparently been infected through anthroponotic transmission. However, we also found evidence of limited zoonotic transmission of Giardia in Sweden, since a few domestic human infections involved the same assemblage A MLGs previously reported in Swedish cats and ruminants. Assemblage B was detected more frequently than assemblage A and it was also more common in patients with suspected treatment failure. However, a large genetic variability made determination of assemblage B MLGs problematic. Correlation between symptoms and assemblages was found only for flatulence, which was significantly more common in children less than six years of age infected with assemblage B. Conclusions/Significance: This study shows that certain assemblage A subtypes are potentially zoonotic and that flatulence is connected to assemblage B infections in young children. Determination of MLGs from assemblages A and B can be a valuable tool in outbreak situations and to help identify possible zoonotic transmission.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Thulin, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Demoprojekt Region Mälardalen : resultat från undersökningar i fem tätorter år 2000/2001
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) har studerat effekten av vidtagna åtgärder på gatunätet i fem stycken tätorter. De effekter som studerats har varit säkerheten, framkomligheten och miljöpåverkan (som effekt av gas-, partikel- och bulleremissioner). De åtgärder som vidtogs var fysiska åtgärder med huvudsakligt syfte att reducera fordonens hastigheter och att minska de oskyddade trafikanternas exponeringssträcka. Korsningar höjdes upp, gator smalnades av eller sidoförsköts, olika typer av beläggningar anlades i syfte att förstärka upplevelsen av ett mindre gatuutrymme. Före- och efterstudier genomfördes. Platserna videofilmades. Resultatet av detta låg till grund för bedömningen av säkerhetseffekten och för framkomlighets- och flödesbestämning. Det filmade materialet användes också för att bestämma fordonens hastighetsfördelning på gång- och cykelöverfarter. Bilarnas körförlopp studerades med hjälp av förföljelsebil i några av platserna för att bland annat bestämma åtgärdens hastighetseffekt längs gatan. Bilarnas gas- och partikelemissioner beräknades med den s.k. VETO-modellen. Modell användes också för att förbestämma åtgärdens effekt på trafikbullret. Attitydundersökning genomfördes i platserna för att komma åt trafikanternas uppfattning om åtgärderna.
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| 29. |
- Tiret, Mathieu, et al.
(författare)
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Divergent selection predating the Last Glacial Maximum mainly acted on macro-phenotypes in Norway spruce
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1752-4571. ; 16:1, s. 163-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current distribution and population structure of many species were, to a large extent, shaped by cycles of isolation in glacial refugia and subsequent population expansions. Isolation in and postglacial expansion through heterogeneous environments led to either neutral or adaptive divergence. Norway spruce is no exception, and its current distribution is the consequence of a constant interplay between evolutionary and demographic processes. We investigated population differentiation and adaptation of Norway spruce for juvenile growth, diameter of the stem, wood density, and tracheid traits at breast height. Data from 4461 phenotyped and genotyped Norway spruce from 396 half-sib families in two progeny tests were used to test for divergent selection in the framework of QST vs. FST. We show that the macroscopic resultant trait (stem diameter), unlike its microscopic components (tracheid dimensions) and juvenile growth, was under divergent selection that predated the Last Glacial Maximum. Altogether, the current variation in these phenotypic traits in Norway spruce is better explained by local adaptation to ancestral environments than to current ones, where populations were partly preadapted, mainly through growth-related traits. © 2022 The Authors.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Toropov, A.A., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent exciton polariton photoluminescence in ZnO films
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 69:16, s. 165205-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polarized photoluminescence (PL) in a (0001) oriented ZnO epitaxial film is studied in the temperature range 4.5-250 K. We report the evidence of exciton polariton emission between 50 and 130 K. In this range the PL of mixed polariton modes is detected in the geometry of an extraordinary beam, realized by the use of a large-aperture microobjective collecting light from the cleaved sample edge at different angles with respect to the. c axis. The elevated temperatures facilitate the polariton emission due to the thermal population of both A and B exciton branches and the enhanced polariton scattering into the photonlike mixed modes.
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| 32. |
- Wallman, Carl-Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Tema Vintermodell : etapp 2, huvudrapport
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med Vintermodellen är att beräkna och värdera de väsentligaste konsekvenserna för trafikanter, väghållare och samhälle av olika strategier och åtgärder inom vinterväghållningen. Huvudrapporten är i sig en sammanfattning av de rapporter som beskriver Vintermodellens olika delmodeller. Navet i Vintermodellen är Väglagsmodellen, som utgående från väderdata, vidtagna väghållningsåtgärder och trafik beräknar väglaget timme för timme under vintersäsongen. Väglagsmodellen styr beräkningarna i de olika effektmodellerna: Olycksmodellen, Framkomlighetsmodellen, Fordonskostnadsmodellen, Miljömodellen och Modellen för väghållarkostnader. I Olycksmodellen beräknas olyckskvoter, olyckstyper och konsekvenser, allt kopplat till olika väglag och deras varaktigheter.I Framkomlighetsmodellen beräknas olika väglags effekt på medelhastigheter och restider.I Fordonskostnadsmodellen beräknas kostnader för bränsleförbrukning och korrosion på grund av vägsalt.I Miljömodellen beräknas konsekvenserna för vägnära vegetation av vägsalt.I Modellen för väghållarkostnader beräknas dels direkta kostnader för åtgärderna, dels kostnader för skador och slitage på beläggning, vägmarkeringar etc. som följd av vinterväghållningsåtgärder.
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