| 1. |
- Alwis, Gayani, et al.
(författare)
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Femoral Neck Bone Strength Estimated by Hip Structural Analysis (HSA) in Swedish Caucasians Aged 6-90 Years.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0827 .- 0171-967X. ; 90:3, s. 174-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry hip scans of 1,760 population-based Caucasians, 599 girls and 642 boys aged 6-19 years and 270 women and 249 men aged 20-90 years, were analyzed with the hip structural analysis (HSA) software to present age- and sex-specific normative HSA data of the femoral neck (FN). Measured traits included bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional area (CSA), section modulus (Z), periosteal diameter (PD), endosteal diameter (ED), cortical thickness (CT), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI). When plotting the measured traits versus age, the curves increased with higher ages until statistically significant break points were reached, for all traits at age 17 in girls and age 19 in boys. After the break points, PD and ED increased with higher ages but, as ED increased more than PD, BMD and CT decreased significantly with higher ages. The decline in BMD was counteracted by the increase in bone size so that there was only a nonstatistically significant decrease in bone strength, estimated as Z and CSMI, from break point to age 90. The partial preservation of bone strength was more obvious in men than in women as the decline in BMD was higher in women than in men, while the expansion in PD was larger in men than in women. The sex difference in the normative FN bone strength data seems to be related to sex discrepancies in the development of both bone mass and geometrical parameters during both growth and adulthood.
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| 2. |
- Buttazzoni, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A Pediatric Bone Mass Scan has Poor Ability to Predict Peak Bone Mass: An 11-Year Prospective Study in 121 Children.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0827 .- 0171-967X. ; 96:5, s. 379-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This 11-year prospective longitudinal study examined how a pre-pubertal pediatric bone mass scan predicts peak bone mass. We measured bone mineral content (BMC; g), bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)), and bone area (cm(2)) in femoral neck, total body and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a population-based cohort including 65 boys and 56 girls. At baseline all participants were pre-pubertal with a mean age of 8 years (range 6-9), they were re-measured at a mean 11 years (range 10-12) later. The participants were then mean 19 years (range 18-19), an age range that corresponds to peak bone mass in femoral neck in our population. We calculated individual BMC, BMD, and bone size Z scores, using all participants at each measurement as reference and evaluated correlations between the two measurements. Individual Z scores were also stratified in quartiles to register movements between quartiles from pre-pubertal age to peak bone mass. The correlation coefficients (r) between pre-pubertal and young adulthood measurements for femoral neck BMC, BMD, and bone area varied between 0.37 and 0.65. The reached BMC value at age 8 years explained 42 % of the variance in the BMC peak value; the corresponding values for BMD were 31 % and bone area 14 %. Among the participants with femoral neck BMD in the lowest childhood quartile, 52 % had left this quartile at peak bone mass. A pediatric bone scan with a femoral neck BMD value in the lowest quartile had a sensitivity of 47 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 28, 66] and a specificity of 82 % (95 % CI 72, 89) to identify individuals who would remain in the lowest quartile at peak bone mass. The pre-pubertal femoral neck BMD explained only 31 % of the variance in femoral neck peak bone mass. A pre-pubertal BMD scan in a population-based sample has poor ability to predict individuals who are at risk of low peak bone mass.
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| 3. |
- Cronholm, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study found that a seven-year school-based exercise programme increased physical activity levels in both sexes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 107:4, s. 701-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study assessed whether a Swedish school-based exercise intervention programme could increase total physical activity. Methods: We followed up 228 children who started school in 1998-2000 seven years later, when they had reached a mean age of 14.8. The 152 children (59% boys) at the intervention school did 200 minutes of physical education per week during that period, and the 76 children (50% boys) in the three control schools did the standard 60 minutes. Questionnaires assessed the durations of total and leisure-time physical activity and screen-time activity at baseline and after five and seven years. Results: Physical activity and screen-time activity were similar between the two groups before the study started. The intervention group then achieved higher durations of total physical activity than the controls (p < 0.001) and these levels remained in the sex-specific evaluations. There were no differences between the groups in the durations of leisure-time activity (p 0.08-0.77) or screen-time activity (p 0.31-0.91). Conclusion: A school-based exercise intervention programme increased the total duration of physical activity in both sexes without any compensatory increase in screen-time activity. The findings contradict the activity-stat theory, which stated that the duration of physical activity in children is constant.
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| 4. |
- Cronholm, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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A physical activity intervention program in school is also accompanied by higher leisure-time physical activity : A prospective controlled 3-year study in 194 prepubertal children
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 14:4, s. 301-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The activity-stat theory infers that total physical activity (PA) in children is constant, independent of environmental interventions. Methods: We conducted a 3-year prospective population-based controlled PA intervention study including, at baseline, 7- to 9-year-old children (66 boys, 40 girls in the intervention and 50 boys, 38 girls in the control group). PA was increased in the intervention group from 60 to 200 minutes/week, while the controls maintained 60 minutes/week. We registered weekly duration of total PA and leisure-time PA and daily duration of sedentary activities, through questionnaires at baseline and 2 and 3 years after baseline. Results: Between intervention and control groups PA was similar before intervention start. After intervention start, total PA in both genders was increased during the entire period (P-values adjusted for age and Tanner stage at follow-up between 0.001 and 0.002). Duration of sedentary activities was unchanged with no group differences. Children in the intervention group changed their behavior so that they also achieved more leisure-time PA. Conclusion: A 3-year school-based PA intervention program in prepubertal children increases the duration of total PA without increasing the duration of sedentary activities, and the program seems to initiate more PA during leisure-time. Our results refute the activity-stat theory.
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| 5. |
- Cöster, Marcus E., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of an 8-year childhood physical activity intervention on musculoskeletal gains and fracture risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier BV. - 8756-3282. ; 93, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Physical activity (PA) in childhood is associated with musculoskeletal benefits while the effect on fracture risk is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether extension of a PA intervention leads to improvement in musculoskeletal traits with an accompanied reduced fracture risk. We hypothesized that the PA program would have beneficial effects in both sexes, but more so in girls since they tend to be less physically active than boys during this time frame. Methods In one elementary school we increased physical education (PE) from 60 to 200 min per school week and followed 65 girls and 93 boys from a mean age of 7 years until a mean age of 15 years. Thirty-nine girls and 37 boys in three other schools continued with 60 min of PE per week during the same years and served as controls. We measured bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and bone area annually with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and leg muscle strength with a computerized dynamometer. In 3534 children within the same PE program (1339 in the intervention and 2195 in the control group) we registered incident fractures during the 8-year study period and estimated annual sex-specific fracture incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results Girls in the intervention group annually gained more total body less head aBMD, spine aBMD (p < 0.01), femoral neck BMC (p < 0.05), lumbar vertebrae size (p < 0.05), and knee flexion strength (p < 0.05) than girls in the control cohort. In boys we found no group differences. There was an inverse correlation between number of years with extra PE and the annual IRR of sustaining fractures in both girls (r = − 0.90 (95% CI − 0.98 to − 0.51); p < 0.001) and boys (r = − 0.74 (95% CI − 0.94 to − 0.02); p < 0.05). Conclusion In this 8-year pediatric school-based moderate exercise intervention program there is an inverse correlation in both sexes between annual IRR and each additional year of extra PA. A sub-cohort of girls in the intervention group had greater gains in bone mass, bone size, and muscle strength, which could possibly explain the inverse correlation between years within the PA program and fracture risk, while in boys the reason for the inverse correlation remains unknown. It should be noted that differences in unreported factors such as skeletal maturity status, diet, and spare time PA could confound our inferences. That is, true causality cannot be stated.
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| 6. |
- Cöster, Marcus E., et al.
(författare)
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How does a physical activity programme in elementary school affect fracture risk? : A prospective controlled intervention study in Malmo, Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Recent evidence from the 7-year followup of the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study indicates an inverse correlation between years of participation in a physical activity (PA) intervention and fracture risk in children. However, we could not see a statistically significant reduction in fracture risk, which urged for an extension of the intervention. Setting: The study was conducted in 4 neighbouring elementary schools, where 1 school functioned as intervention school. Participants: We included all children who began first grade in these 4 schools between 1998 and 2012. This resulted in 1339 children in the intervention group and 2195 children in the control group, all aged 6-8 years at the state of the study. Intervention: We launched an 8-year intervention programme with 40 min of moderate PA per school day, while the controls continued with the Swedish national standard of 60 min of PA per week. Primary outcome measure: We used the regional radiographic archive to register objectively verified fractures and we estimated annual fracture incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results: During the first year after initiation of the intervention, the fracture IRR was 1.65 (1.05 to 2.08) (mean 95% CI). For each year of the study, the fracture incidence rate in the control group compared with the intervention group increased by 15.7% (5.6% to 26.8%) (mean 95% CI). After 8 years, the IRR of fractures was 52% lower in the intervention group than in the control group (IRR 0.48 (0.25 to 0.91) (mean 95% CI))]. Conclusions: Introduction of the school-based intervention programme is associated with a higher fracture risk in the intervention group during the first year followed by a gradual reduction, so that during the eighth year, the fracture risk was lower in the intervention group.
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| 7. |
- Detter, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A 3-year school-based exercise intervention improves muscle strength - a prospective controlled population-based study in 223 children
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intense physical activity (PA) improves muscle strength in children, but it remains uncertain whether moderately intense PA in a population-based cohort of children confers these benefits. Methods: We included children aged 6-9 years in four schools where the intervention school increased the school curriculum of PA from 60 minutes/week to 40 minutes/school day while the control schools continued with 60 minutes/week for three years. We measured muscle strength, as isokinetic Peak Torque (PT) (Nm) of the knee flexors in the right leg at speeds of 60 degrees/second and 180 degrees/second, at baseline and at follow-up, in 47 girls and 76 boys in the intervention group and 46 girls and 54 boys in the control group and then calculated annual changes in muscle strength. Data are provided as means with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Girls in the intervention group had 1.0 Nm (0.13, 1.9) and boys 1.9 Nm (0.9, 2.9) greater annual gain in knee flexor PT at 60 degrees/second, than girls and boys in the control group. Boys in the intervention group also had 1.5 Nm (0.5, 2.5) greater annual gain in knee flexors PT at 180 degrees/second than boys in the control group. Conclusion: A 3-year moderately intense PA intervention program within the school curriculum enhances muscle strength in both girls and boys.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Frazier-Wood, Alexis C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48, s. 624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (vertical bar(p) over cap vertical bar approximate to 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
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| 10. |
- FRITZ, JESPER, et al.
(författare)
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A seven-year physical activity intervention for children increased gains in bone mass and muscle strength
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 105:10, s. 1216-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study evaluated the musculoskeletal effects of increased physical activity on children, starting at six to nine years of age. Methods: In one school we increased the physical education of 72 girls and 100 boys to 200 minutes per week over seven years. In three other schools, 45 girls and 47 boys continued to receive 60 minutes per week. We measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength with computerised dynamometer at baseline and after seven years and tibial cortical thickness with peripheral quantitative computed tomography after seven years. Results: Girls in the intervention group gained 0.04 g/cm2 (0.01-0.08) more total spine aBMD (p <0.05) and 6.2Nm (1.6, 10.7) more knee flexion strength (p <0.01) than control group girls and had a 0.1 mm (0.0, 0.3) higher tibial cortical thickness at follow-up (p <0.05). Boys in the intervention group gained 7.3Nm (0.4, 14.2) more knee extension strength (p <0.05) and 7.4Nm (2.3, 12.4) more knee flexion strength (p <0.01) than the control group boys, but their aBMD was no higher than the control group. Conclusion: A seven-year, population-based moderately intense exercise intervention enhanced gains in spine bone mass in girls and knee muscle strength in both genders.
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| 11. |
- Herbertsson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Uncomplicated Mason type-II and III fractures of the radial head and neck in adults. A long-term follow-up study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. - 1535-1386. ; 86-A:3, s. 569-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and the long-term results of closed uncomplicated Mason type-II and III fractures in a defined population of adults. Methods: Seventy women and thirty men who were a mean of forty-seven years old when they sustained a fracture of the radial head or neck (a Mason type-II fracture in seventy-six patients and a Mason type-III fracture in twenty-four) were reexamined after a mean of nineteen years. Radiographic signs of degenerative changes of the elbow were recorded. The fracture had been treated with an elastic bandage or a collar and cuff sling with mobilization for forty-four individuals, with cast immobilization for thirty-four, with resection of the radial head in nineteen, with open reduction of the radial head in two, and with a collateral ligament repair in one. Secondary excision of the radial head was performed because of residual pain in nine patients, and a neurolysis of the ulnar nerve was performed in one patient. Results: Seventy-seven individuals had no symptoms in the injured elbow at the time of follow-up, twenty-one had occasional pain, and two had daily pain. The injured elbows had a slight flexion deficit compared with the uninjured elbows (mean and standard deviation, 138° ± 8° compared with 140° ± 7°) as well as a small extension deficit (mean and standard deviation, –4° ± 8° compared with –1° ± 6°) (p < 0.001 for both). The prevalence of degenerative changes was higher in the injured elbows than in the uninjured ones (76% compared with 16%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results following uncomplicated Mason type-II and III fractures are predominantly favorable. A secondary radial head resection is usually effective for patients with an unfavorable outcome (predominantly long-standing pain). Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 12. |
- Karlsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy and lactation confer reversible bone loss in humans
- 2001
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 12:10, s. 828-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of pregnancy on bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 73 women (mean age 29 years, range 20-44 years) postpartum. Fifty-five age-matched women served as controls. The influence of lactation was evaluated in 65 of the delivered women who were followed with repeated measurements, a mean of 4.5 +/- 0.1 and 11.5 +/- 0.1 months after the delivery. The influence of multiple pregnancies was evaluated in 39 premenopausal women (mean age 38 years, range 31-54 years) with a minimum of four pregnancies (range 4-7). Fifty-eight age-matched healthy premenopausal women with a maximum of two pregnancies (range 0-2) served as controls. Data are presented as mean +/- SEM. BMD data are adjusted for differences in total fat mass and total lean mass. Lumbar spine BMD was 7.6 +/- 0.1% and total body BMD 3.9 +/- 0.1% lower in women postpartum compared with controls (both p<0.001). BMD did not decrease significantly in non-breastfeeding mothers. Mothers breastfeeding for 1-6 months decreased femoral neck BMD by 2.0 +/- 1.0% during the first 5 months postpartum (p<0.001). No further BMD loss was seen between 5 and 12 months postpartum. Femoral neck BMD 12 months after delivery was 1.3 +/- 0.8% lower than after delivery in mothers breastfeeding for 1-6 months (p = 0.05). Mothers breastfeeding for more than 6 months decreased Ward's triangle BMD by 8.5 +/- 1.0% and lumbar spine BMD by 4.1 +/- 0.8% during the first 5 months postpartum (both p<0.05). No further BMD loss was seen between 5 and 12 months postpartum. Femoral neck BMD 12 months after delivery was 4.0 +/- 1.1% lower and Ward's triangle BMD 5.3 +/- 1.9% lower than after delivery in mothers breastfeeding for more than 6 months (both p<0.05). BMD loss was higher during the first 5 months following delivery in the lactating women compared with the non-lactating women (p<0.05 comparing lumbar spine BMD loss in lactating mothers versus non-lactating mothers). However, in women with a minimum of four pregnancies the BMD was no lower than in age-matched women with fewer pregnancies. Total duration of lactation was not correlated with the present BMD. In summary, pregnancy seem to confer a low BMD with additional BMD loss during 5 months of lactation. Even if complete restoration in BMD was not reached within 5 months of weaning, women with four pregnancies or more had a BMD no lower than women with two pregnancies or fewer. We conclude that neither an extended lactation period nor multiple pregnancies could be used as a risk factor when predicting women at risk for future osteoporosis.
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A modeling capacity of vertebral fractures exists during growth - an up to 47-year follow-up
- 2003
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Ingår i: Spine. - 0362-2436. ; 28:18, s. 2087-2092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design. The study is an observational cohort study. Objectives. To determine the incidence and the long-term outcome of thoracic or lumbar vertebral fractures in children. Summary of Background Data. The incidence of vertebral fractures in children is described as rare and the outcome as favorable. However, no studies evaluate the clinical and radiographic long-term outcome and if a fractured vertebra could be rebuilt during growth. Method. The incidence of vertebral fractures in children was evaluated through the radiographic archives. Twelve boys and 12 girls, aged 7-16 when sustaining the fracture, 21 one-column compression fractures and 3 burst fractures Denis type B, all without neurologic deficits, attended the follow-up. Primary treatment consisted of immediate mobilization without brace. Clinical and radiographic examination were performed 27-47 years after the injury. Results. The annual incidence of thoracic and lumbar vertebral body fractures in individuals below age 16 was 0.07%. Twenty-one individuals had, at follow-up. no subjective complaints, 3 had occasional back pain (Oswestry Scores, 8, 22, and 26), 23 were classified as Frankel E, and 1 as Frankel D. The radiographic ratio anterior height/posterior height of the fractured vertebral body increased from 0.75 after injury to 0.87 at follow-up (P<0.001). The posttraumatic kyphosis in the fracture region decreased in 8 individuals (33%), all aged 13 or less at fracture. No increased disc degeneration was observed. Conclusion. Thoracolumbar vertebral fractures without neurologic deficits, sustained during growth, have a favorable long-term outcome. A modeling capacity, reducing the fracture deformity exists at least in the youngest patients.
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daglig fysisk aktivitet på schemat : bättre skolresultat hos pojkarna - Men för flickorna var det ingen skillnad – Bunkefloprojektet följde grundskoleelever under nio år
- 2019
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One aim of the Bunkeflo project is to evaluate if daily school physical activity (PA) is associated with higher final school grades and improved eligibility for upper secondary school. One elementary school extended PA throughout elementary school to 200 minutes/week while control schools continued with in mean 60 minutes/week. We then registered final school grades and eligibility for upper secondary school in children who began first grade in the intervention school during the years before the intervention (1994-1997) and in the children who started 1998-2003 (that is, who had daily PA during the 9 compulsory school years). We also registered final school grades and eligibility for upper secondary school in all Swedish children who started school 1998-2003. We found that boys in the intervention group had higher eligibility rates and higher grade scores than boys who finished the same school before the intervention was implemented as well as higher in all Swedish boys. These differences in were not seen in girls. Daily school PA through elementary school is associated with higher final grade scores and higher eligibility rates for upper secondary school in boys.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Daglig skolidrott ger ökad benmassa och successivt minskad frakturrisk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 116:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Bunkeflo project, one elementary school increased duration of school physical activity (PA) to 200 minutes/week while 3 control schools continued with 60 minutes/week throughout the nine elementary school years. We then registered fractures in 3534 children, and evaluated the duration of PA, bone mass and muscle strength in a subsample (n=140) during the intervention and 3 years after. The PA intervention was associated with higher duration of PA both during and 3 years after the intervention. With each year of intervention, the fracture incidence rate ratio (IRR) declined in the intervention children so that it was 0.48 (95% CI 0.25, 0.91) the eighth year of intervention. These findings were accompanied by beneficial gain in musculoskeletal traits in both intervention girls and boys (p<0.05). Nine years of daily school-based PA is associated with a progressive reduction in fracture risk, accompanied by beneficial musculoskeletal gains and a more physically active lifestyle.
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| 16. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Färre frakturer med aktiv livsstil
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordisk Nutrition. - 1654-8337. ; :1, s. 24-26
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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International and ethnic variability of falls in older men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 42:2, s. 194-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Fallers and especially recurrent fallers are at high risk for injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate fall epidemiology in older men with special attention to the influence of age, ethnicity and country of residence. Methods: 10,998 men aged 65 years or above recruited in Hong Kong, the United States (US) and Sweden were evaluated in a cross-sectional retrospective study design. Self-reported falls and fractures for the preceding 12 months were registered through questionnaires. Group comparisons were done by chi-square test or logistic regression. Results: The proportion of fallers among the total population was 16.5% in ages 65-69, 24.8% in ages 80-84 and 43.2% in ages above 90 (P <0.001). The corresponding proportions of recurrent fallers in the same age groups were 6.3%, 10.1% and 18.2%, respectively (P <0.001), and fallers with fractures 1.0%, 2.3% and 9.1%, respectively (P <0.001). The proportion of fallers was highest in the US, intermediate in Sweden and lowest in Hong Kong (in most age groups P <0.05). The proportion of fallers among white men in the US was higher than in white men in Sweden (all comparable age groups P <0.01) but there were no differences in the proportion of fallers in US men with different ethnicity. Conclusions: The proportion of fallers in older men is different in different countries, and data in this study corroborate with the view that society of residence influences fall prevalence more than ethnicity.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Magnus K., et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of falls in old people-a review
- 2013
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Ingår i: Reviews in Clinical Gerontology. - 0959-2598. ; 23:3, s. 206-222
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical training, if including specific different training modalities, reduces the fall risk in healthy community-dwelling older people, as does a home hazards modification programme. Vitamin D supplementation in older individuals with low levels of vitamin D, adjustment of psychotropic medication, and structured modification of multi-pharmacy are all drug-focused programmes that reduce the number of falls. Anti-slip shoe devices during icy conditions for older people who walk outdoors and multifaceted podiatry in patients with specific foot disability reduce the fall risk. First eye cataract surgery and pacemakers in patients with cardio-inhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity are surgical interventions that reduce the fall risk. Multi-factorial preventive programmes that include training, both individually designed and generally prescribed, also reduce the fall frequency. With this in mind, we ought to initiate fall preventive programmes in older people, especially in high-risk groups, to reduce the number of falls and fallers in society.
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| 23. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Maternity and bone mineral density
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; 76:1, s. 41318-41318
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During pregnancy and lactation, changes occur in a variety of factors which have great potential to influence bone mineral density (BMD). Smoking habits, the level of alcohol consumption, the level of physical activity, body weight, soft tissue composition and hormone levels are all factors that change during the course of these conditions. Some of these factors are capable of increasing BMD, and some can reduce it. Due to these various changes, it is virtually impossible to predict the development in BMD that will occur during a pregnancy and lactation. However, longitudinal studies have suggested that both pregnancy and lactation are associated with a BMD loss of up to 5%, albeit that the BMD recovers after weaning. Cross-sectional studies have indicated that women with many children and a long total period of lactation have similar or higher BMD and similar or lower fracture risk than their peers who have not given birth. As the studies showing this trend have been observational and cross-sectional case-control studies, the conclusions can only be regarded as being suggestive, and no causality can be proven.
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis Have a Phenotype With High Bone Mass and Low Lean Body Mass.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-921X. ; 472:4, s. 1224-1229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although hip osteoarthritis (OA) is common, its etiology is poorly understood. Specifically, it is not known whether hip OA is associated with abnormal relationships among the anthropometric and musculoskeletal characteristics that are associated with OA in general.
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Have a Phenotype With Higher Bone Mass, Higher Fat Mass, and Lower Lean Body Mass.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-921X. ; 473:1, s. 258-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although knee osteoarthritis (OA) is common, its etiology is poorly understood. Specifically, it is not known whether knee OA is associated with abnormal anthropometric and musculoskeletal characteristics known to be associated with OA in general. We recently studied this topic for patients with hip arthritis; however, it is important to evaluate it for knee OA separately, because there are reports indicating that patients with primary OA in different joints may have a different phenotype.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity increases bone mass during growth.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The incidence of fragility fractures has increased during the last half of the 1990's. One important determinant of fractures is the bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD), the amount of mineralised bone. If we could increase peak bone mass (the highest value of BMC reached during life) and/or decrease the age-related bone loss, we could possibly improve the skeletal resistance to fracture. OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates the importance of exercise as a strategy to improve peak bone mass, including some aspects of nutrition. DESIGN: PUBLICATIONS WITHIN THE FIELD WERE SEARCHED THROUGH MEDLINE (PUBMED) USING THE SEARCH WORDS: exercise, physical activity, bone mass, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, BMC, BMD, skeletal structure and nutrition. We included studies dealing with exercise during growth and young adolescence. We preferably based our inferences on randomised controlled trials (RCT), which provide the highest level of evidence. RESULTS: Exercise during growth increases peak bone mass. Moderate intensity exercise intervention programs are beneficial for the skeletal development during growth. Adequate nutrition must accompany the exercise to achieve the most beneficial skeletal effects by exercise. CONCLUSION: Exercise during growth seems to enhance the building of a stronger skeleton through a higher peak bone mass and a larger bone size.
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| 28. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, muscle function, falls and fractures.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: A thematic review. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if physical activity enhances muscle strength, improves balance, and reduces the fall frequency and the fracture incidence. BACKGROUND: One of the major medical problems of today is the increasing incidence of fragility fractures. Muscle strength and fall is one of the major determinants of a fracture. If physical activity could increase muscle strength, improve balance and reduce the fall frequency, then training could be recommended as prevention for fractures. METHODS: The review used Medline (Pub Med) and the search words exercise, physical activity, muscle strength, balance, falls, fractures. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were predominantly included, although this not is a systematic review. RESULTS: The evidence that physical activity modifies the risk factors for fall is compelling, although RCT with fractures as end point are lacking. Physical activity is associated with improved muscle strength, co-ordination and balance. Physical training increases muscle strength also in octogenarians by up to 200%, i.e. a much more pronounced effect than the corresponding increase in muscle volume or bone mass. There is also evidence that physical activity decreases the actual number of falls. Observational cohort and case-control studies imply that physical activity is associated with reduced hip fracture risk. If exercise reduces the number of vertebral fractures and other fragility fractures are less evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity in older ages can be recommended to improve muscle strength and balance, to reduce the risk to fall and fractures, although the highest level of evidence - RCT with fracture as endpoint - is lacking.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of falls in the elderly: A review.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 41:5, s. 442-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Falls often result in soft tissue injuries, dislocations, fractures, longstanding pain and reduced quality of life. Therefore, fall preventive programmes have been developed. Methods: In this review, we evaluate programmes that in randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been shown with fall reducing effect. Results: Physical exercise that includes several training modalities, especially balance and strength training, is the only intervention programme that reduces both the number of fallers and the number of falls in community dwellers. Home hazards modification reduces the fall risk in community-living elderly but has the best effects in high risk groups when the programme is led by occupational therapists. Vitamin D supplement in those with low levels of vitamin D, adjustment of psychotropic medication and modification of multi-pharmacy are drug-related programmes that reduce the fall risk. Anti-slip shoe devices in elderly who walk outdoors during icy conditions and multifaceted podiatry to patients with specific foot disability are interventions targeted at the lower extremities with a fall-reducing effect. First eye cataract surgery and pacemakers in patients with cardio-inhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity are surgical procedures with fall-reducing effect. Multifactorial standardized preventive programmes that include an exercise component and individually-designed subject-specific programmes also reduce the number of falls. Conclusions: Fall preventive interventions should be provided to elderly by a structured approach, especially to high risk groups, as to reduce the number of falls and fallers.
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| 31. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability of exercise-induced increases in bone density and skeletal structure.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The prevalence of osteoporosis with related fragility fractures has increased during the last decades. As physical activity influences the skeleton in a beneficial way, exercise may hypothetically be used as a prophylactic tool against osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates if exercise-induced skeletal benefits achieved during growth remain in a long-term perspective. DESIGN: PUBLICATIONS WITHIN THE FIELD WERE SEARCHED THROUGH MEDLINE (PUBMED) USING THE SEARCH WORDS: exercise, physical activity, bone mass, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal structure. We based our inferences on publications with the highest level of evidence, particularly randomised controlled trials (RCT). RESULTS: Benefits in BMD achieved by exercise during growth seem to be eroded at retirement, but benefits in skeletal structure may possibly be retained in a longer perspective. Recreational exercise seems to at least partially maintain exercise-induced skeletal benefits achieved during growth. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise during growth may be followed by long-term beneficial skeletal effects, which could possibly reduce the incidence of fractures. Exercise during adulthood seems to partly preserve these benefits and reduce the age-related bone loss.
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| 32. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:8, s. 753-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 loci influencing body mass index, but this measure does not distinguish lean from fat mass. To identify adiposity loci, we meta-analyzed associations between ∼2.5 million SNPs and body fat percentage from 36,626 individuals and followed up the 14 most significant (P < 10(-6)) independent loci in 39,576 individuals. We confirmed a previously established adiposity locus in FTO (P = 3 × 10(-26)) and identified two new loci associated with body fat percentage, one near IRS1 (P = 4 × 10(-11)) and one near SPRY2 (P = 3 × 10(-8)). Both loci contain genes with potential links to adipocyte physiology. Notably, the body-fat-decreasing allele near IRS1 is associated with decreased IRS1 expression and with an impaired metabolic profile, including an increased visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and decreased adiponectin levels. Our findings provide new insights into adiposity and insulin resistance.
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| 33. |
- Lahti, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of daily physical education throughout compulsory school on duration of physical activity in young adulthood : An 11-year prospective controlled study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives We examined whether daily physical activity (PA) during compulsory school encourages children to be more physically active during the intervention and 4 years after termination of the programme. Methods This prospective controlled intervention study followed the same 124 children (81 children in an intervention group and 43 controls) aged 7.7±0.6 (mean±SD) during a 7-year PA intervention and 4 years after the intervention when the children were 18.7±0.3 years old. The intervention included daily school physical education (PE) (200 min/week), whereas the controls continued with the Swedish standard of 60 min/week. Using a questionnaire, we gathered data about total PA, leisure time PA and sedentary activities (SA). Group comparisons are adjusted for age and gender, and data are provided as means with 95% CIs. Results At baseline, we found similar duration of PA and SA between groups. After a mean of 7 years with intervention, the intervention group was more physically active than the controls (+4.5 (2.9 to 6.0) hours/week), whereas SA was similar (+0.6 (-2.5 to 3.9) hours/week). Four years beyond the intervention, the intervention group was still more physically active than the controls (2.7 (0.8 to 4.7) hours/week), and SA was still similar (-3.9 (-9.7 to 1.7) hours/week). Conclusions Intervention with daily school PE throughout compulsory school is associated with higher duration of PA not only during the intervention but also 4 years after termination of the programme.
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| 34. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Probiotic therapy to men with incipient arteriosclerosis initiates increased bacterial diversity in colon: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 208, s. 228-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the microbial change in the intestinal microbiota in patients, with cardiovascular disease, consuming a drink with high numbers of live Lactobacillus plantarum. METHODS: Sixteen males, with atherosclerotic plaque on the carotid wall, were randomly selected from a larger cohort and included in this double blind, placebo controlled study. Colonic biopsies, taken before and after four weeks of probiotic treatment, were analysed with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, including digestion with MspI and HaeIII. Microbial diversity was calculated, short-chain fatty acids in faeces, and blood markers were analysed. RESULTS: Consumption of one probiotic strain of L. plantarum (DSM 9843) increased intestinal microbial diversity. The probiotic group had an increased diversity after consumption of the probiotic drink compared to the change in the placebo group when Shannon and Weaner diversity index (MspI and HaeIII, p=0.026) and Simpson index of diversity (MspI, p=0.044 and HaeIII, p=0.026) were calculated. The fermentation pattern of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were unaffected for most acids, but the probiotic group had decreased concentration of isovaleric acid (p=0.006) and valeric acid (p=0.029). Viable count of lactobacilli increased in the probiotic group (p=0.001), but no significant changes in blood markers were observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of a single-strain probiotic increases the bacterial diversity in the gut, and affects the concentration of some short-chain fatty acids. Consumption of the single strain L. plantarum DSM 9843 might be a strategy to favour a diverse intestinal microbiota, which is beneficial for the host.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 37. |
- Nordström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Bone loss and fracture risk after reduced physical activity.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 20:2, s. 202-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Former male young athletes partially lost benefits in BMD (g/cm2) with cessation of exercise, but, despite this, had a higher BMD 4 years after cessation of career than a control group. A higher BMD might contribute to the lower incidence of fragility fractures found in former older athletes > or =60 years of age compared with a control group. INTRODUCTION: Physical activity increases peak bone mass and may prevent osteoporosis if a residual high BMD is retained into old age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMD was measured by DXA in 97 male young athletes 21.0 +/- 4.5 years of age (SD) and 48 controls 22.4 +/- 6.3 years of age, with measurements repeated 5 years later, when 55 of the athletes had retired from sports. In a second, older cohort, fracture incidence was recorded in 400 former older athletes and 800 controls > or =60 years of age. RESULTS: At baseline, the young athletes had higher BMD than controls in total body (mean difference, 0.08 g/cm2), spine (mean difference, 0.10 g/cm2), femoral neck (mean difference, 0.13 g/cm2), and arms (mean difference, 0.05 g/cm2; all p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, the young athletes who retired lost more BMD than the still active athletes at the femoral neck (mean difference, 0.07 g/cm2; p = 0.001) and gained less BMD at the total body (mean difference, 0.03 g/cm2; p = 0.004). Nevertheless, BMD was still higher in the retired young athletes (mean difference, 0.06-0.08 g/cm2) than in the controls in the total body, femoral neck, and arms (all p < 0.05). In the older cohort, there were fewer former athletes > or =60 of age than controls with fragility fractures (2.0% versus 4.2%; p < 0.05) and distal radius fractures (0.75% versus 2.5%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although exercise-induced BMD benefits are reduced after retirement from sports, former male older athletes have fewer fractures than matched controls.
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| 38. |
- Stenevi Lundgren, S., et al.
(författare)
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Low physical activity is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture—a 2-year prospective study in children
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 28:12, s. 3373-3378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: The study investigates the effect of physical activity (PA) on a composite score for fracture risk in pre-pubertal children. Low PA in children is related to the composite score for fracture risk and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the score. Introduction: This study evaluates if PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture. Research questions are the following: (i) What is the effect of physical activity (PA) on single traits and a composite score for fracture risk? (ii) Could this score be used to identify the level of PA needed to reach beneficial effects? Methods: This prospective population-based study included 269 children, aged 7–9 years at baseline while 246 attended the 2-year follow-up. We estimated duration of PA by questionnaires and measured traits that independently predict fractures. We then calculated gender specific Z-scores for each variable. The mean Z-score of all traits was used as a composite score for fracture risk. We tested correlation between duration of PA, each trait, and the composite score and group differences between children in different quartiles of PA. Results: At baseline, we found no correlation between duration of PA and any of the traits or the composite score. At follow-up, we found a correlation between PA and the composite score. Physical activity had an effect on composite score, and children in the lowest quartiles of PA had unbeneficial composite score compared to children in the other quartiles. Conclusion: Low PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture, and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the composite score.
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| 39. |
- Wang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced diversity in the early fecal microbiota of infants developing atopic eczema
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 121:1, s. 129-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background It might be that early intestinal colonization by bacteria in westernized infants fails to give rise to sufficient immune stimulation to support maturation of regulatory immune mechanisms. Objective The purpose of the present study was to characterize the very early infantile microbiota by using a culture-independent approach and to relate the colonization pattern to development of atopic eczema in the first 18 months of life. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 35 infants at 1 week of age. Twenty infants were healthy, and 15 infants were given diagnoses of atopic eczema at the age of 18 months. The fecal microbiota of the infants was compared by means of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Results By means of T-RFLP analysis, the median number of peaks, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index of diversity were significantly less for infants with atopic eczema than for infants remaining healthy in the whole group and for the Swedish infants when AluI was used for digestion. The same was found when TTGE patterns were compared. In addition, TTGE analysis showed significantly less bands and lower diversity indices for the British atopic infants compared with those of the control subjects. Conclusion There is a reduced diversity in the early fecal microbiota of infants with atopic eczema during the first 18 months of life.
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| 40. |
- Zeng, Chenjie, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Method: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation. Results: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 x 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 x 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 x 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 x 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk.
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| 41. |
- Bath, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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The ignored citizen: Young children’s subjectivities in Swedish and English early childhood education settings
- 2016
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Ingår i: Childhood. - : SAGE Publications. - 0907-5682 .- 1461-7013. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article looks at examples of young children acting as citizens and aims to illuminate these by utilising Biesta’s exposition of subjectification and socialisation conceptions of citizenship. Specifically, the article applies the concepts of ‘dissensus’, taken from Rancière’s work; ‘agonism’, taken from Mouffe’s work; and solidarity from Levinas’ work to actual ‘scenes’ from Swedish and English early childhood education settings. It also discusses these in relation to other contemporary work on concepts of children’s citizenship and our own theories of young children’s play.
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| 42. |
- Baumgardt, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Global Programmed Switch in Neural Daughter Cell Proliferation Mode Triggered by a Temporal Gene Cascade
- 2014
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Ingår i: Developmental Cell. - : Elsevier (Cell Press). - 1534-5807 .- 1878-1551. ; 30:2, s. 192-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During central nervous system (CNS) development, progenitors typically divide asymmetrically, renewing themselves while budding off daughter cells with more limited proliferative potential. Variation in daughter cell proliferation has a profound impact on CNS development and evolution, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We find that Drosophila embryonic neural progenitors (neuroblasts) undergo a programmed daughter proliferation mode switch, from generating daughters that divide once (type I) to generating neurons directly (type 0). This typelgreater than0 switch is triggered by activation of Dacapo (mammalian p21(CIP1)/p27(KIP1)/p57(Kip2)) expression in neuroblasts. In the thoracic region, Dacapo expression is activated by the temporal cascade (castor) and the Hox gene Antennapedia. In addition, castor, Antennapedia, and the late temporal gene grainyhead act combinatorially to control the precise timing of neuroblast cell-cycle exit by repressing Cyclin E and E2f. This reveals a logical principle underlying progenitor and daughter cell proliferation control in the Drosophila CNS.
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| 43. |
- Bengtsson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis cleaves apoB-100 and increases the expression of apoM in LDL in whole blood leading to cell proliferation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Institutionen för medicin och hälsa. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 263:5, s. 558-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Several studies support an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis with a crucial role for the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study aims to investigate the proteolytic and oxidative activity of P. gingivalis on LDL in a whole blood system by using a proteomic approach and analyze the effects of P. gingivalis-modifed LDL on cell proliferation.Methods: The cellular effects of P. gingivalis in human whole blood were assessed using lumi-aggregometry analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aggregation. Blood was incubated for 30 min with P. gingivalis, whereafter LDL was isolated and a proteomic approach was applied to examine protein expression. LDL-oxidation was determined by analyzing the formation of protein carbonyls. The effects of P. gingivalis-modifed LDL on fibroblast proliferation were studied using the MTS-assay.Results: Incubation of whole blood with P. gingivalis caused an extensive aggregation and ROS-production, indicating platelet and leukocyte activation. LDL prepared from the bacteria-exposed blood showed an increased protein oxidation, elevated levels of apoM and formation of two apoB-100 N-terminal fragments. P. gingivalis-modified LDL markedly increased the growth of fibroblasts. Inhibition of gingipain R suppressed the modification of LDL by P. gingivalis.Conclusions: The ability of P. gingivalis to change the protein expression and the proliferative capacity of LDL may represent a crucial event in periodontitis-associated atherosclerosis.
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| 44. |
- Berger, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Cereal Byproducts Have Prebiotic Potential in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 62:32, s. 8169-8178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley husks, rye bran, and a fiber residue from oat milk production were processed by heat pretreatment, various separation steps, and treatment with an endoxylanase in order to improve the prebiotic potential of these cereal byproducts. Metabolic functions were intended to improve along with improved microbial activity. The products obtained were included in a high-fat mouse diet so that all diets contained 5% dietary fiber. In addition, high-fat and low-fat controls as well as partially hydrolyzed guar gum were included in the study. The soluble fiber product obtained from rye bran caused a significant increase in the bifidobacteria (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.38 (6.04−6.66) and 7.47 (7.30−7.74), respectively; p < 0.001) in parallel with a tendency of increased production of propionic acid and indications of improved metabolic function compared with high-fat fed control mice. The oat-derived product caused an increase in the pool of cecal propionic (from 0.62 ± 0.12 to 0.94 ± 0.08) and butyric acid (from 0.38 ± 0.04 to 0.60 ± 0.04) compared with the high-fat control, and it caused a significant increase in lactobacilli (log copies of 16S rRNA genes; median (25−75 percentile): 6.83 (6.65−7.53) and 8.04 (7.86−8.33), respectively; p < 0.01) in the cecal mucosa. However, no changes in measured metabolic parameters were observed by either oat or barley products.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bökberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Care and Service at Home for People With Dementia in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstractbook Nordic Conference on Advances in Health Care Sciences Research. ; , s. 22-22
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe available and utilized professional care and service at home for people with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries. Design: A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project, RightTimePlaceCare (RTPC).Methods: The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect countryspecific information on a general level concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consisted of fifty types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the fifty predefined activities concerning professional care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia.Results: Availability was reported to be higher than utilization and the results indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of Basic care and services and Health care interventions they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, Specialized care and services for people with dementia were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries.Conclusions: The results indicated that people with dementia in Europe received professional care and service on a general, basic level but seldom received care and service adjusted to their specific needs.Clinical Relevance: This study highlights available and utilized types of care and service activities enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for people with dementia during the progress of the disease. Knowledge of care and services in other countries provides nurses with an important tool for the improvement of dementia care. However assessing the quality of care requires an indication of informal care provision in different countries.
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| 47. |
- Bökberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Care and Service at Home for Persons With Dementia in Europe
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. - Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1527-6546 .- 1547-5069. ; 47:5, s. 407-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe available and utilized formal care and service at home for persons with dementia, from diagnosis to end-of-life stage, in eight European countries.Design: A descriptive cross-country design concerning eight European countries as a part of the European research project RightTimePlaceCare.Methods: The research team in each country used a mapping system to collect country-specific information concerning dementia care and service system. The mapping system consists of 50 types of care and service activities. Sixteen of the 50 predefined activities concerning care and service at home were selected for this study and subdivided into three categories, following the stages of dementia.Findings: Availability was reported to be higher than utilization, and the findings indicated more similarities than differences among the eight countries involved. Even though there were several available activities of "basic care and services" and "healthcare interventions," they were utilized by few in most countries. Furthermore, "specialized dementia care and services" were sparsely available and even more sparsely utilized in the participating countries.Conclusions: The findings indicated that persons with dementia in Europe received formal care and service on a general, basic level but seldom adjusted to their specific needs.Clinical Relevance: This study describes the gap between service provision and utilization enabling nurses to develop individually adjusted care plans for persons with dementia during the progress of the disease. The findings do not include matters of quality of care or how to best organize effective care and services. However, the activities of care and services presented here should shed light on what room there is for improvement when it comes to enabling persons with dementia to go on living at home. © 2015 Sigma Theta Tau International.
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| 48. |
- Cabrera, Esther, et al.
(författare)
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Non-pharmacological interventions as a best practice strategy in people with dementia living in nursing homes : A systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Geriatric Medicine. - Oxford : Elsevier BV. - 1878-7649 .- 1878-7657. ; 6:2, s. 134-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Two-thirds of nursing home residents suffer from dementia and there is a need for effective and efficient interventions with meaningful outcomes for these individuals. This study aims to identify current best practices in non-pharmacological interventions in nursing homes.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) declaration guideline. Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) evaluating non-pharmacological interventions focused on improving the Quality of Care (QoC) and/or Quality of Life (QoL) of people with dementia (PwD) living in nursing homes were included. For individual study evaluation, the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias assessment tool was used.Results: A total of 31 articles were included and five main categories emerged: psychosocial and educational, physical activity, sensorial therapies, staff-focused interventions and complex interventions. Psychosocial interventions were the most exhaustively studied and evaluated interventions. Few studies related to physical therapy were identified and they did not provide enough evidence of their effectiveness. Therapeutic touch was revealed to have positive effects on residents with dementia.Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions have been shown to have the potential to improve the QoL and QoC of people with dementia in nursing homes. Before implementation of the intervention, it is recommended that activities are adjusted according to residents' characteristics and external factors controlled to achieve effectiveness and to structure a well-designed intervention. However, there is not enough evidence to support the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in general. Further well-designed research is needed on non-pharmacological interventions in nursing facilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS and European Union Geriatric Medicine Society. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- Duplessis, P., et al.
(författare)
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Highly Hygroscopic Aerosols Facilitate Summer and Early-Autumn Cloud Formation at Extremely Low Concentrations Over the Central Arctic Ocean
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 129:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic clouds are sensitive to atmospheric particles since these are sometimes in such low concentrations that clouds cannot always form under supersaturated water vapor conditions. This is especially true in the late summer, when aerosol concentrations are generally very low in the high Arctic. The environment changes rapidly around freeze-up as the open waters close and snow starts accumulating on ice. We investigated droplet formation during eight significant fog events in the central Arctic Ocean, north of 80 degrees, from August 12 to 19 September 2018 during the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition onboard the icebreaker Oden. Calculated hygroscopicity parameters (kappa) for the entire study were very high (up to kappa = 0.85 +/- 0.13), notably after freeze-up, suggesting that atmospheric particles were very cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-active. At least one of the events showed that surface clouds were able to form and persist for at least a couple hours at aerosol concentrations less than 10 cm-3, which was previously suggested to be the minimum for cloud formation. Among these events that were considered limited in CCN, effective radii were generally larger than in the high CCN cases. In some of the fog events, droplet residuals particles did not reactivate under supersaturations up to 0.95%, suggesting either in-droplet reactions decreased hygroscopicity, or an ambient supersaturation above 1%. These results provide insight into droplet formation during the clean late-summer and fall of the high Arctic with limited influence from continental sources. The Arctic atmosphere can be very clean in the summer, to the point that clouds cannot form because there are insufficient particles present for the water vapor to condense upon. This has important implications for the radiation budget, which is highly dependent on clouds. As part of the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition in the central Arctic Ocean near the North Pole, we investigated the ability of particles to turn into droplets throughout the whole cruise (August 12 to 19 September 2018), and during eight significant fog events. Overall, we found that after the sea ice started to freeze, the particles were more capable of turning into cloud droplets. During one fog event, we observed fog droplets forming when the particle concentrations were lower than the limit that past studies had suggested that fog/cloud could be sustained. During several fog events, the dried fog droplets did not always re-form droplets when exposed to cloud-like conditions, which suggests that the original droplets must have formed under extreme conditions. Our results show that in the summer/fall in the high Arctic, liquid droplets sometimes form under unusual circumstances that are likely not always considered in models. Aerosol hygroscopicity was greater after surface water freeze-up than beforeHygroscopicity of Aitken mode particles was generally greater than accumulation mode particlesCloud droplet effective radii during aerosol-limited periods were larger generally than periods with higher aerosol concentrations
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| 50. |
- Dwibedi, Chinmay Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range dispersal moved Francisella tularensis into Western Europe from the East
- 2016
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Ingår i: Microbial Genomics. - : Microbiology Society. - 2057-5858. ; 2:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many infections transmitting to humans from reservoirs in nature, disease dispersal patterns over space and time are largely unknown. Here, a reversed genomics approach helped us understand disease dispersal and yielded insight into evolution and biological properties of Francisella tularensis, the bacterium causing tularemia. We whole-genome sequenced 67 strains and characterized by single-nucleotide polymorphism assays 138 strains, collected from individuals infected 1947-2012 across Western Europe. We used the data for phylogenetic, population genetic and geographical network analyses. All strains (n= 205) belonged to a monophyletic population of recent ancestry not found outside Western Europe. Most strains (n= 195) throughout the study area were assigned to a star-like phylogenetic pattern indicating that colonization of Western Europe occurred via clonal expansion. In the East of the study area, strains were more diverse, consistent with a founder population spreading from east to west. The relationship of genetic and geographic distance within the F. tularensis population was complex and indicated multiple long-distance dispersal events. Mutation rate estimates based on year of isolation indicated null rates; in outbreak hotspots only, there was a rate of 0.4 mutations/genome/year. Patterns of nucleotide substitution showed marked AT mutational bias suggestive of genetic drift. These results demonstrate that tularemia has moved from east to west in Europe and that F. tularensis has a biology characterized by long-range geographical dispersal events and mostly slow, but variable, replication rates. The results indicate that mutation-driven evolution, a resting survival phase, genetic drift and long-distance geographical dispersal events have interacted to generate genetic diversity within this species.
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