| 1. |
- Absil, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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An update on the VORTEX project
- 2015
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Ingår i: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII. - : SPIE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this talk, we will review the on-going activities within the VORTEX teamat the University of Liège and Uppsala University. The VORTEX project aimsto design, manufacture, test, and exploit vector vortex phase masks madeof sub-wavelength gratings (aka the Annular Groove Phase Mask, AGPM)for the direct detection and characterization of extrasolar planets. This talkwill specifically report on the commissioning of several AGPMs on infraredcameras equipping 10-m class telescopes, including the VLT, the LBT andthe Keck. We will describe the in-lab and on-sky performance of the AGPMs,and discuss first scientific observations. We will also report on the lessonslearned from the on-sky operation of our vortices, and discuss ways toimprove their performance. The potential of our coronagraphic devices inthe context of future extremely large telescopes and space missions will alsobe addressed.
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| 2. |
- Absil, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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The VORTEX project : first results and perspectives
- 2014
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Ingår i: Adaptive Optics Systems IV. - : SPIE. - 9780819496164
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vortex coronagraphs are among the most promising solutions to perform high contrast imaging at small angular separations from bright stars. They feature a very small inner working angle (down to the diffraction limit of the telescope), a clear 360 degree discovery space, have demonstrated very high contrast capabilities, are easy to implement on high-contrast imaging instruments, and have already been extensively tested on the sky. Since 2005, we have been designing, developing and testing an implementation of the charge-2 vector vortex phase mask based on concentric sub-wavelength gratings, referred to as the Annular Groove Phase Mask (AGPM). Science-grade mid-infrared AGPMs were produced in 2012 for the first time, using plasma etching on synthetic diamond substrates. They have been validated on a coronagraphic test bench, showing broadband peak rejection up to 500: 1 in the L band, which translates into a raw contrast of about 6 x 10(-5) at 2 lambda/D. Three of them have now been installed on world-leading diffraction-limited infrared cameras, namely VLT/NACO, VLT/VISIR and LBT/LMIRCam. During the science verification observations with our L-band AGPM on NACO, we observed the beta Pictoris system and obtained unprecedented sensitivity limits to planetary companions down to the diffraction limit (0 : 1 0 0). More recently, we obtained new images of the HR 8799 system at L band during the AGPM first light on LMIRCam. After reviewing these first results obtained with mid-infrared AGPMs, we will discuss the short-and mid-term goals of the on-going VORTEX project, which aims to improve the performance of our vortex phase masks for future applications on second-generation high-contrast imager and on future extremely large telescopes (ELTs). In particular, we will briefly describe our current efforts to improve the manufacturing of mid-infrared AGPMs, to push their operation to shorter wavelengths, and to provide deeper starlight extinction by creating new designs for higher topological charge vortices. Within the VORTEX project, we also plan to develop new image processing techniques tailored to coronagraphic images, and to study some pre- and post-coronagraphic concepts adapted to the vortex coronagraph in order to reduce scattered starlight in the final images.
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| 3. |
- Absil, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Three years of harvest with the vector vortex coronagraph in the thermal infrared
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9781510601963 ; , s. 1-14
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several years, we have been developing vortex phase masks based on sub-wavelength gratings, known as Annular Groove Phase Masks. Etched onto diamond substrates, these AGPMs are currently designed to be used in the thermal infrared (ranging from 3 to 13 μm). Our AGPMs were first installed on VLT/NACO and VLT/VISIR in 2012, followed by LBT/LMIRCam in 2013 and Keck/NIRC2 in 2015. In this paper, we review the development, commissioning, on-sky performance, and early scientific results of these new coronagraphic modes and report on the lessons learned. We conclude with perspectives for future developments and applications.
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| 4. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Biokombi Rya - slutrapporter från ingående delprojekt
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper samarbetat för att studera system¬effekterna av förgasning av biobränsle ur olika aspekter. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen om biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda förutsättningar för att sådana anläggningar ska vara ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta. En referensgrupp har varit kopplad till projektet där förutsättningar, resultat och slutsatser har behandlats.I denna underlagsrapport har slutrapporterna från projektets delprojekt samlats. De beskriver förutsättningar, metodansatser, använda data och resultat utförligt och utgör på så sätt ett viktigt komplement till den mer övergripande beskrivningen i projektets syntesrapport. De delrapporter som ingår har valts för att täcka in samtliga delar av projektet som är av allmänt intresse. Projektresultat som publicerats på annat sätt berörs dock mer kortfattat.Projektet Biokombi Rya har pågått under två år (2005-2006) och drivits av Chalmers EnergiCentrum. Förutom de omfattande analysinsatser som författarna till denna rapport står för, har Avdelningen för kemisk teknologi vid KTH, Siemens Industrial Turbines AB och Göteborg Energi AB bidragit med expertstöd. CIT Industriell Energianalys, med undertecknad som projektledare, har stått för projektledning och koordination.Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten, Göteborg Energis forsknings¬stiftelse samt Göteborg Energi AB.
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| 5. |
- Arbajian, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Methylation patterns and chromatin accessibility in neuroendocrine lung cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 12:8, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer is the worldwide leading cause of death from cancer. Epigenetic modifications such as methylation and changes in chromatin accessibility are major gene regulatory mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and cellular lineage commitment. We aimed to characterize these processes in the context of neuroendocrine (NE) lung cancer. Illumina 450K DNA methylation data were collected for 1407 lung cancers including 27 NE tumors. NE differentially methylated regions (NE-DMRs) were identified and correlated with gene expression data for 151 lung cancers and 31 human tissue entities from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed on eight lung cancer cell lines, including three NE cell lines, to identify neuroendocrine specific gene regulatory elements. We identified DMRs with methylation patterns associated with differential gene expression and an NE tumor phenotype. DMR-associated genes could further be split into six functional modules, including one highly specific gene module for NE lung cancer showing high expression in both normal and malignant brain tissue. The regulatory potential of NE-DMRs was further validated in vitro using paired ATAC-and RNA-seq and revealed both proximal and distal regulatory elements of canonical NE-marker genes such as CHGA, NCAM1, INSM1, as well as a number of novel candidate markers of NE lung cancer. Using multilevel genomic analyses of both tumor bulk tissue and lung cancer cell lines, we identified a large catalogue of gene regulatory elements related to the NE phenotype of lung cancer.
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| 6. |
- Boonen, Annelies, et al.
(författare)
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EULAR Points to Consider (PtC) for designing, analysing and reporting of studies with work participation as an outcome domain in patients with inflammatory arthritis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 80:9, s. 1116-1123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clinical studies with work participation (WP) as an outcome domain pose particular methodological challenges that hamper interpretation, comparison between studies and meta-analyses.OBJECTIVES: To develop Points to Consider (PtC) for design, analysis and reporting of studies of patients with inflammatory arthritis that include WP as a primary or secondary outcome domain.METHODS: The EULAR Standardised Operating Procedures were followed. A multidisciplinary taskforce with 22 experts including patients with rheumatic diseases, from 10 EULAR countries and Canada, identified methodologic areas of concern. Two systematic literature reviews (SLR) appraised the methodology across these areas. In parallel, two surveys among professional societies and experts outside the taskforce sought for additional methodological areas or existing conducting/reporting recommendations. The taskforce formulated the PtC after presentation of the SLRs and survey results, and discussion. Consensus was obtained through informal voting, with levels of agreement obtained anonymously.RESULTS: Two overarching principles and nine PtC were formulated. The taskforce recommends to align the work-related study objective to the design, duration, and outcome domains/measurement instruments of the study (PtC: 1-3); to identify contextual factors upfront and account for them in analyses (PtC: 4); to account for interdependence of different work outcome domains and for changes in work status over time (PtC: 5-7); to present results as means as well as proportions of patients reaching predefined meaningful categories (PtC: 8) and to explicitly report volumes of productivity loss when costs are an outcome (PtC:9).CONCLUSION: Adherence to these EULAR PtC will improve the methodological quality of studies evaluating WP.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlomagno, Brunella, et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance simulations of mid-IR AGPMs for ELT/METIS applications
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The direct detection of exoplanets requires the use of dedicated, highcontrast imaging instruments. In this context, vector vortex coronagraphs(VVCs) are considered to be among the most promising solutions to reachhigh contrast at small angular separations. They feature a small innerworking angle (down to 0.9 lambda/D), high throughput, clear off-axis360° discovery space, and are simple to implement. The AGPM (AnnularGroove Phase Mask) is an implementation of the vortex phase mask, whichprovides achromaticity over an appreciable spectral range thanks to the useof sub-wavelength gratings. The grating profile can be optimized based onthe rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) to achieve a quasi-achromaticphase shift up to a very broad band (L+M band: 3.5-5.1μm). These deviceshave been manufactured onto CVD diamond substrates, using reactiveion etching. In this communication, I will first present the latest RCWAConference 9605: Techniques and Instrumentationfor Detection of Exoplanets VIIR eturn to Contents +1 360 676 3290 · help@spie.org 631simulations performed in the L, M and N spectral bands, and for somecombinations of these bands. The resulting optimized AGPMs could beperfectly integrated in the E-ELT/METIS instrument, which aims at detectingand characterizing exoplanets by direct imaging. The target contrast forMETIS is <1e-4 at 2 lambda/D (~40 mas in L band), which translates into apeak rejection rate of few hundreds for the AGPMs. Secondly, the opticalpropagation within the METIS instrument will be studied to determine theperformances of a vortex coronagraph at the focus of METIS. In particular,the effect of the central obstruction, spiders, missing E-ELT segments,and pointing jitter will be analysed, together with the sensitivity to tip-tilt.Finally, the atmosphere and the AO contributions will be considered toobtain more realistic results.
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| 10. |
- Carlomagno, Brunella, et al.
(författare)
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End-to-end simulations of the E-ELT/METIS coronagraphs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Adaptive Optics Systems V. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. ; , s. 1-10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The direct detection of low-mass planets in the habitable zone of nearby stars is an important science case for future E-ELT instruments such as the mid-infrared imager and spectrograph METIS, which features vortex phase masks and apodizing phase plates (APP) in its baseline design. In this work, we present end-to-end performance simulations, using Fourier propagation, of several METIS coronagraphic modes, including focal-plane vortex phase masks and pupil-plane apodizing phase plates, for the centrally obscured, segmented E-ELT pupil. The atmosphere and the AO contributions are taken into account. Hybrid coronagraphs combining the advantages of vortex phase masks and APPs are considered to improve the METIS coronagraphic performance.
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| 11. |
- Carlomagno, Brunella, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance evaluation of mid-IR vortex coronagraphs with centrally obscured segmented pupils
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In its original design, the E-ELT/Metis instrument envisages a vortex coronagraph in the mid-IR regime for detection and characterization of exoplanets, with a contrast of 1e-4 at 2 lambda/D (~40 mas in L band). The AGPM (Annular Groove Phase Mask) is a vortex phase mask with impressive characteristics: small inner working angle, high throughput, achromaticity. A non-perfectly circular pupil and non-flat input wavefront result in a starlight leakage, degrading the performance of the vortex coronagraph. In this work, we present end-to-end performance simulations using Fourier optical propagation to determine the quality of the starlight rejection obtained with an infrared vortex coronagraph. We first analyse the performance facing E-ELT pupil variations (segmentations, central obscuration, spiders, missing segments), then pointing jitter and random adaptive optics residual phase screens are introduced to derive more realistic performance. Finally, more advanced concepts of the infrared vortex coronagraph are presented, in order to compensate for performance degradation.
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| 12. |
- Castellá, Bruno Femenía, et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning and first light results of an L’-band vortex coronagraph with the Keck II adaptive optics NIRC2 science instrument
- 2016
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Ingår i: Adaptive Optics Systems V. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- On March 2015 an L'-band vortex coronagraph based on an Annular Groove Phase Mask made up of a diamond sub-wavelength grating was installed on NIRC2 as a demonstration project. This vortex coronagraph operates in the L' band not only in order to take advantage from the favorable star/planet contrast ratio when observing beyond the K band, but also to exploit the fact that the Keck II Adaptive Optics (AO) system delivers nearly extreme adaptive optics image quality (Strehl ratios values near 90%) at 3.7 mu m. We describe the hardware installation of the vortex phase mask during a routine NIRC2 service mission. The success of the project depends on extensive software development which has allowed the achievement of exquisite real-time pointing control as well as further contrast improvements by using speckle nulling to mitigate the effect of static speckles. First light of the new coronagraphic mode was on June 2015 with already very good initial results. Subsequent commissioning nights were interlaced with science nights by members of the VORTEX team with their respective scientific programs. The new capability and excellent results so far have motivated the VORTEX team and the Keck Science Steering Committee (KSSC) to offer the new mode in shared risk mode for 2016B.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Delacroix, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A family of subwavelength grating vortexcoronagraphs (SGVCs) with higher topological charge
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII. - : SPIE.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subwavelength grating vortex coronagraph (SGVC) is a focal-planespiral-like phase mask whose key benefit is to allow high contrast imaging atsmall angles. Directly etched onto a CVD diamond substrate, it is well suitedto perform in the mid-infrared domain. It provides a continuous helicalphase ramp with a dark singularity in its center, and is characterized by itsnumber of phase revolutions, called the topological charge. Over the pasttwo years, we have manufactured several charge-2 SGVCs (a.k.a. annulargroove phase masks) and successfully demonstrated their performanceson 10-m class telescopes (LBT, VLT/NaCo, VLT/VISIR). To prevent stellarleakage on future 30-m class telescopes (E-ELT, TMT, GMT), a broaderoff-axis extinction is required, which can be achieved by increasing thetopological charge. We have recently proposed an original design for acharge-4 SGVC allowing less starlight to leak through the coronagraph, atthe cost of a degraded inner working angle. In this talk, we report on ourlatest development of higher charge SGVCs. From 3D rigorous numericalsimulations using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, weConference 9605: Techniques and Instrumentationfor Detection of Exoplanets VIIR eturn to Contents +1 360 676 3290 · help@spie.org 647have derived a family of coronagraphs with higher topological charge(SGVC4/6/8). Our new optimization method addresses the principallimitation of such space-variant polarization state manipulation, i.e., theinconvenient discontinuities in the discrete grating pattern. The resultinggratings offer improved precision to the phase modulation compared toprevious designs. Finally, we present our preliminary manufacturing andmetrology results for infrared components down to the K-band.
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| 15. |
- Gaissmaier, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Designing for Workplace Safety : Exploring Interactive Textiles as Personal Alert Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery. ; , s. 53-65, s. 53-65
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite various safety regulations and procedures, work accidents remain a significant problem in the global process industry and the Swedish steel industry. To address personal safety and safety culture, wearable alert systems were prototyped and tested with steelworkers in iterative workshops. A resulting design concept, in the form of an interactive textile patch worn on the protective gear, suggests a simple way of transmitting personal alerts using light. A crucial design factor identified is to enable the communication between workers and peers as well as communicating with control room staff. The visual design can positively influence the acceptance of the patch, but its impact on the safety culture cannot yet be assessed. The present study contributes by approaching workplace safety and culture with a new design concept of IoT and e-textile technologies based on the interaction modalities of light, sound, and vibration
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Höök, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Design Processes for Bodily Interaction
- 2010
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Ingår i: At the workshop Artifacts in Design: Representation, Ideation, and Process, CHI, Atlanda, USA, April 2010.. - : ACM Press.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Jolivet, Aissa, et al.
(författare)
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L- and M-band annular groove phase mask in lab performance assessment on the vortex opticaldemonstrator for coronagraphic applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems. - 2329-4221. ; 5:2, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronagraphy is a high-contrast imaging technique that aims to reduce the blinding glare of a star to detect a potential companion in its close environment. Vortex phase mask coronagraphy is widely recognized as one of the most promising approaches. The vortex optical demonstrator for coronagraphic application (VODCA) is a test bench currently developed at the University of Liège. Its main goal is to optically characterize infrared phase masks, in particular vortex masks. We detail the layout and salient features of VODCA and present the performance of the latest L-band (3575 to 4125 nm) and M-band (4600 to 5000 nm) annular groove phase masks (AGPMs) manufactured by our team. We obtain the highest rejection ratio ever measured for an AGPM at L-band: 3.2 × 103 in a narrowband filter (3425 to 3525 nm) and 2.4 × 103 in a broad L-band filter. By providing measurements close to the intrinsic limit of science-grade AGPMs, VODCA proves to be a step forward in terms of the evaluation of vortex phase masks performance.
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| 19. |
- Jourdain, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance for West Nile virus in wild birds from northern Europe.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 11:1, s. 77-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 1935 migratory birds from 104 different species were captured in southeastern Sweden in 2005-2006 and tested for antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV). Overall, 46 birds (2.4%; binomial confidence limits, 1.8-3.2) were positive by blocking-ELISA, but only 2 (0.10%; binomial confidence limits, 0.0-0.4) had antibodies detectable by both blocking-ELISA and WNV neutralization test. ELISA-positive birds included long- and short-distance migrants likely exposed to WNV while wintering in or migrating through areas enzootic for WNV. Exposure to a cross-reactive Flavivirus was suspected for short-distance migrants of the Turdidae family, but no cross-neutralization with tick-borne encephalitis and Usutu viruses was observed.
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| 20. |
- Karlsson, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Låt våra hemlösa få bo på de tomma hotellen
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000 .- 1403-9656. ; :2021-03-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DEBATT. Covid-19 pandemin är en kris som påverkar samhällen i hela världen. Det är en utmanande tid för alla, men för socialt utsatta grupper, så som personer i hemlöshet, blir situationen ännu mer ohållbar.
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| 21. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Helandet i sårbarheten
- 2017
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Ingår i: DRAMA. - Oslo : Drama og teaterpedagogene. - 0332-5296. ; :1, s. 12-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Johan O., et al.
(författare)
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What can we learn from the past? Tracking sustainability indicators for the Swedish dairy sector over 30 years
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The dairy sector has undergone profound transformation over recent decades, resulting in considerably fewer but larger and more specialised farms, with unclear implications across sustainability dimensions. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and employ a framework for assessing sustainability in the Swedish dairy sector to shed light on how recent historical developments (1990–2020) have influenced sustainability outcomes. METHODS: Using a data-driven, multidisciplinary approach, main areas of concern for sustainability in the primary production stages of the dairy sector were identified. These were then populated with indicators to track developments over time and highlight synergies and trade-offs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Four areas of concern were identified and populated with eight indicators (listed in brackets): ‘supporting ecosystems’ (semi-natural grassland area, ley area, mean field size), ‘climate impact’ (methane from enteric fermentation), ‘animal welfare’ (veterinary treatments, percentage of culled cows due to diseases) and ‘farm viability’ (competitive wages, farmer age structure). The results showed that area of semi-natural grassland per dairy cow decreased by 27% from 2003 to 2020. Area of ley per cow decreased slightly but the proportion of arable land on dairy farms devoted to ley cultivation increased, due to improved roughage quality enabling an increase in proportion of roughage in feed rations. In terms of climate impact, enteric methane emissions per kg milk decreased by 21%. Regarding animal welfare, veterinary treatments of diseases decreased from 45% to 21% over the 30 years, with declining trends for most recorded diseases except hoof disease. The indicators for farm viability showed that the average dairy farm was unable to pay a wage comparable to the national average throughout most of the period 2004–2020, but a slightly positive trend was observed, although with large year-on-year variability. A rapid change in age structure was seen between 2003 and 2020, with the proportion of land managed by older farmers (+60 years) increasing from 12% to 22%, indicating challenges with demographic viability. SIGNIFICANCE: Tracking changes over time across sustainability dimensions gives important insights into improvements made and challenges that remain to be solved. Overall, developments in the Swedish dairy sector have diminished its capacity to support ecosystems, particularly related to semi-natural grasslands, while reducing its climate impacts and improving animal welfare. An increased specialisation has also resulted in spillover effects where services and impacts have shifted from dairy herds to specialised beef herds. These findings are important in navigating policy processes targeting developments in the dairy sector.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Kenworthy, Matthew A., et al.
(författare)
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High contrast imaging for the enhanced resolution imager and spectrometer (ERIS)
- 2018
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Ingår i: GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII. - : SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. - 9781510619586
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ERIS is a diffraction limited thermal infrared imager and spectrograph for the Very Large Telescope UT4. One of the science cases for ERIS is the detection and characterization of circumstellar structures and exoplanets around bright stars that are typically much fainter than the stellar diffraction halo. Enhanced sensitivity is provided through the combination of (i) suppression of the diffraction halo of the target star using coronagraphs, and (ii) removal of any residual diffraction structure through focal plane wavefront sensing and subsequent active correction. In this paper we present the two coronagraphs used for diffraction suppression and enabling high contrast imaging in ERIS.
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| 26. |
- Lange, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Bioeconomy : NCM reporting: Test centers for green energy solutions – Biorefineries and business needs
- 2016
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014 the Nordic Council of Ministers initiated a new bioeconomy project: “Test centers for green energy solutions – Biorefineries and Business needs”. The purpose was to strengthen green growth in the area of the bioeconomy by analyzing and mapping the current status of the bioeconomy in the Nordic countries and identify potentials and obstacles, needs and opportunities. Based on this a set of policy recommendations was formulated. The project group participants were prominent scientists within the field of bioeconomy as well as government officials from all the Nordic countries. The project was headed by Professor Lene Lange, DTU, Denmark. The resulting Nordic Bioeconomy NCM Report consists of three parts: 1.Executive summary chapters (Introduction, Background, Scoping, Conclusions, Trends, Actions, and Recommendations, supplemented by highlights of the reporting from each of the Nordic countries).2. Full country reports on the bioeconomy, activities and available infrastructures from each of the Nordic countries, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands.3. A consultancy report (authored by Matis, Iceland) on business needs and opportunities within the bioeconomy, upgrading biological resources from agriculture, forestry, and fishery, as well as from industrial organic side streams and household waste.
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| 27. |
- Lehtiö, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Proteogenomics of non-small cell lung cancer reveals molecular subtypes associated with specific therapeutic targets and immune-evasion mechanisms
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 2:11, s. 1224-1242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite major advancements in lung cancer treatment, long-term survival is still rare and a deeper understanding of molecular phenotypes would allow the identification of specific cancer dependencies and immune-evasion mechanisms. Here we performed in-depth mass-spectrometry-based proteogenomic analysis of 141 tumors representing all major histologies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identified six distinct proteome subtypes with striking differences in immune cell composition and subtype-specific expression of immune checkpoints. Unexpectedly, high neoantigen burden was linked to global hypomethylation and complex neoantigens mapped to genomic regions, such as endogenous retroviral elements and introns, in immune-cold subtypes. Further, we linked immune evasion with LAG-3 via STK11 mutation-dependent HNF1A activation and FGL1 expression. Finally, we develop a data-independent acquisition mass-spectrometry-based NSCLC subtype classification method, validate it in an independent cohort of 208 NSCLC cases and demonstrate its clinical utility by analyzing an additional cohort of 84 late-stage NSCLC biopsy samples.
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| 28. |
- Ler, Peggy, et al.
(författare)
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Conversions between metabolically unhealthy and healthy obesity from midlife to late-life
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Nature. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 48, s. 433-436
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Metabolically healthy obesity may be a transient phenotype, but studies with long follow-up, especially covering late-life, are lacking. We describe conversions between cross-categories of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health in 786 Swedish twins with up to 27 years of follow-up, from midlife to late-life. Methods: Metabolic health was defined as the absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We first visualized conversions between BMI-metabolic health phenotypes in 100 individuals with measurements available at ages 50–64, 65–79, and ≥80. Next, we modeled conversion in metabolic health status by BMI category in the full sample using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The proportion of individuals with MetS and with overweight or obesity increased with age. However, one-fifth maintained a metabolically healthy overweight or obesity across all three age categories. Among those metabolically healthy at baseline, 59% converted to MetS during follow-up. Conversions occurred 56% more often among individuals with metabolically healthy obesity, but not overweight, compared to normal weight. Among those with MetS at baseline, 60% regained metabolic health during follow-up, with no difference between BMI categories. Conclusions: Conversions between metabolically healthy and unhealthy status occurred in both directions in all BMI categories. While conversions to MetS were more common among individuals with obesity, many individuals maintained or regained metabolic health during follow-up.
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| 29. |
- Liljedahl, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A gene expression-based single sample predictor of lung adenocarcinoma molecular subtype and prognosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 148:1, s. 238-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disease recurrence in surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma (AC) remains high. New approaches for risk stratification beyond tumor stage are needed. Gene expression-based AC subtypes such as the Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) terminal-respiratory unit (TRU), proximal-inflammatory (PI) and proximal-proliferative (PP) subtypes have been associated with prognosis, but show methodological limitations for robust clinical use. We aimed to derive a platform independent single sample predictor (SSP) for molecular subtype assignment and risk stratification that could function in a clinical setting. Two-class (TRU/nonTRU=SSP2) and three-class (TRU/PP/PI=SSP3) SSPs using the AIMS algorithm were trained in 1655 ACs (n = 9659 genes) from public repositories vs TCGA centroid subtypes. Validation and survival analysis were performed in 977 patients using overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) as endpoints. In the validation cohort, SSP2 and SSP3 showed accuracies of 0.85 and 0.81, respectively. SSPs captured relevant biology previously associated with the TCGA subtypes and were associated with prognosis. In survival analysis, OS and DMFS for cases discordantly classified between TCGA and SSP2 favored the SSP2 classification. In resected Stage I patients, SSP2 identified TRU-cases with better OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18-0.49) and DMFS (TRU HR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.33-0.83) independent of age, Stage IA/IB and gender. SSP2 was transformed into a NanoString nCounter assay and tested in 44 Stage I patients using RNA from formalin-fixed tissue, providing prognostic stratification (relapse-free interval, HR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.2-8.8). In conclusion, gene expression-based SSPs can provide molecular subtype and independent prognostic information in early-stage lung ACs. SSPs may overcome critical limitations in the applicability of gene signatures in lung cancer.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Mawet, Dimitri, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the inner disk around HD 141569 A from KECK/NIRC2 L-band vortex coronagraphy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 153:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HD 141569 A is a pre-main sequence B9.5 Ve star surrounded by a prominent and complex circumstellar disk, likely still in a transition stage from protoplanetary to debris disk phase. Here, we present a new image of the third inner disk component of HD 141569 A made in the L′ band (3.8 μm) during the commissioning of the vector vortex coronagraph that has recently been installed in the near-infrared imager and spectrograph NIRC2 behind the W. M. Keck Observatory Keck II adaptive optics system. We used reference point-spread function subtraction, which reveals the innermost disk component from the inner working distance of ;23 au and up to ;70 au. The spatial scale of our detection roughly corresponds to the optical and near-infrared scattered light, thermal Q, N, and 8.6 μm PAH emission reported earlier. We also see an outward progression in dust location from the L′ band to the H band (Very Large Telescope/ SPHERE image) to the visible (Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/ STIS image), which is likely indicative of dust blowout. The warm disk component is nested deep inside the two outer belts imaged by HST-NICMOS in 1999 ( at 406 and 245 au, respectively) . We fit our new L′ -band image and spectral energy distribution of HD 141569 A with the radiative transfer code MCFOST. Our best-fit models favor pure olivine grains and are consistent with the composition of the outer belts. While our image shows a putative very faint point-like clump or source embedded in the inner disk, we did not detect any true companion within the gap between the inner disk and the first outer ring, at a sensitivity of a few Jupiter masses.
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| 32. |
- Nyström, Ingrid, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Biokombi Rya - Biobränsleförgasning satt i system
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projekt Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper gemensamt studerat systemeffekterna av att introducera förgasning av biobränsle i Göteborgs fjärrvärmesystem, i Västsverige som region och ur ett mer generellt och långsiktigt systemperspektiv. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen inför eventuell framtida utbyggnad av biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda vilka förutsättningar som är nödvändiga för att sådana anläggningar ska bli ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta inom en relativt kort tidsrymd (ca 10 år). Fokus ligger på integration av anläggningar för förgasning av biobränsle med befintliga kraftvärmeverk med kombicykel samt med fjärrvärme. Projektet vänder sig till beslutsfattare inom området på nationell, regional och lokal nivå.Övergripande systemanalys inom projektet har särskilt fokuserat på biobränslemarknaden och framtida prisbildning för biobränsle samt på den långsiktiga konkurrenskraften för biodrivmedel via förgasning. Projektet i övrigt utgår från en tillämpad fallstudie av delvis konvertering av Rya Kraftvärmeverk (Rya KVV) i Göteborg till förgasat biobränsle, vilket alltså innebär integration mellan förgasningsanläggning och ett naturgaseldat gaskombikraftvärmeverk knutet till ett fjärrvärmesystem. I denna del ingår även en konceptuell studie över olika tekniska processalternativ för produktion av värme, el och drivmedel, inklusive ett mer långsiktigt alternativ för vätgasproduktion. Inom projektet används gemensamma scenarier för energimarknaderna ca år 2020.Några av projektets viktigaste slutsatser är:• Förgasning av biobränsle kan bli intressant för både el- och drivmedelsproduktion och bidra till reducerade CO2-utsläpp, förutsatt att nivån på priset på biobränsle inte är alltför hög relativt fossilbränslepriserna. I de flesta fall är också riktade styrmedel för att premiera förnybar el- och/eller drivmedelsproduktion (t ex certifikat) en förutsättning. Vid gynnsamma förutsättningar för både ”grön” el- och drivmedelsproduktion kan en konkurrenssituation om biobränsle uppstå.• Den långsiktiga konkurrenskraften för biodrivmedel från förgasning är i hög grad beroende av teknik- och kostnadsutveckling inom både transportsektorn och andra sektorer, t ex för lagring av el och väte, bränsleceller och uthållig CO2-fri elproduktion. Tillgängligheten för insamling och lagring av CO2 från fossila anläggningar ökar konkurrenskraften betydligt, men denna effekt neutraliseras om CO2 samlas in även från biobaserade anläggningar. Vilken typ av biodrivmedel som får bäst konkurrenskraft beror till stor del på distributions- och fordonskostnader.• Göteborgs fjärrvärmesystem, med en stor andel spillvärme, och Rya Kraftvärmeverk, med relativt andra kombicykler låg elverkningsgrad, har egentligen inte de optimala förutsättningarna för att förgasning av biobränsle ska vara ekonomiskt intressant.• I flera fall kan det trots detta vara ekonomiskt intressant att bygga en anläggning för förgasning av biobränsle i Göteborg. Av de förgasningsbaserade alternativ som studerats, visar sig produktion av syntetisk naturgas från flis för användning som fordonsbränsle var den ekonomiskt mest robusta lösningen, förutsatt att det finns riktade styrmedel för ”grön” drivmedelsproduktion, t ex drivmedelscertifikat. Ombyggnad av Rya Kraftvärmeverk till delvis biobränslebaserad kraftvärme via förgasning är även detta ekonomiskt intressant i flera fall. Kraftvärme baserad på biobränsleförgasning med högre elverkningsgrad än vad som är möjligt i Rya Kraftvärmeverk skulle dock kunna vara än mer intressant.• För att en förgasningsanläggning ska vara ekonomiskt intressant är det viktigt att uppnå så hög el- respektive drivmedelsverkningsgrad som möjligt samt att anläggningen får längsta möjliga drifttid. För drivmedelsproduktion finns det betydande fördelar med att kunna utnyttja värmeöverskottet från anläggningen i ett fjärrvärmesystem eller liknande.• För fjärrvärmesystemen i regionen som helhet finns det, enligt modellresultaten och för de scenarier som använts, starka drivkrafter att öka elproduktionen i kraftvärmeverk. Med gynnsamma förutsättningar för biobränslebaserad elproduktion har konventionell biobränslebaserad kraftvärme bäst ekonomi. Med drivmedelscertifikat eller liknande kan förgasningsanläggningar istället få en betydande roll för produktion av biodrivmedel, även knutet till medelstora fjärrvärmenät.• Produktion av biodrivmedel, som DME och vätgas, kan ske till kostnader som är konkurrenskraftiga gentemot dagens bensinpris, särskilt om produktionen blir möjlig att integrera med svartlutsförgasning (här studerat för vätgas). För vätgasproduktion är i samtliga fall ekonomin och den totala effekten på CO2-utsläppen dock starkt beroende av möjligheterna att samla in och lagra CO2.• För samtliga studerade tekniker och delsystem påverkar scenarieantaganden om utvecklingen av energimarknaderna och omvärldens energisystem i hög grad resultaten. För att utvärdera robustheten och de totala klimateffekterna för en enskild investering krävs därför systemanalys, som tar hänsyn till denna omvärld.
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| 33. |
- Ojalehto, Elsa, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically and environmentally predicted obesity in relation to cardiovascular disease : a nationwide cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: eClinicalMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2589-5370. ; 58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Evidence indicates that the adverse health effects of obesity differ between genetically and environmentally influenced obesity. We examined differences in the association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) between individuals with a genetically predicted low, medium, or high body mass index (BMI). Methods: We used cohort data from Swedish twins born before 1959 who had BMI measured between the ages of 40–64 years (midlife) or at the age of 65 years or later (late-life), or both, and prospective CVD information from nationwide register linkage through 2016. A polygenic score for BMI (PGSBMI) was used to define genetically predicted BMI. Individuals missing BMI or covariate data, or diagnosed with CVD at first BMI measure, were excluded, leaving an analysis sample of 17,988 individuals. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between BMI category and incident CVD, stratified by the PGSBMI. Co-twin control models were applied to adjust for genetic influences not captured by the PGSBMI. Findings: Between 1984 and 2010, the 17,988 participants were enrolled in sub-studies of the Swedish Twin Registry. Midlife obesity was associated with a higher risk of CVD across all PGSBMI categories, but the association was stronger with genetically predicted lower BMI (hazard ratio from 1.55 to 2.08 for those with high and low PGSBMI, respectively). Within monozygotic twin pairs, the association did not differ by genetically predicted BMI, indicating genetic confounding not captured by the PGSBMI. Results were similar when obesity was measured in late-life, but suffered from low power. Interpretation: Obesity was associated with CVD regardless of PGSBMI category, but obesity influenced by genetic predisposition (genetically predicted high BMI) was less harmful than obesity influenced by environmental factors (obesity despite genetically predicted low BMI). However, additional genetic factors, not captured by the PGSBMI, still influence the associations. Funding: The Strategic Research Program in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet; Loo and Hans Osterman's Foundation; Foundation for Geriatric Diseases at Karolinska Institutet; the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare; the Swedish Research Council; and the National Institutes of Health.
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| 34. |
- Vargas Catalan, Ernesto, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the subwavelength grating of L-band annular groove phase masks for high coronagraphic performance
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 595:A127, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The annular groove phase mask (AGPM) is one possible implementation of the vector vortex coronagraph, where the helical phase ramp is produced by a concentric subwavelength grating. For several years, we have been manufacturing AGPMs by etching gratings into synthetic diamond substrates using inductively coupled plasma etching. Aims. We aim to design, fabricate, optimize, and evaluate new L-band AGPMs that reach the highest possible coronagraphic performance, for applications in current and forthcoming infrared high-contrast imagers. Methods. Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) is used for designing the subwavelength grating of the phase mask. Coronagraphic performance evaluation is performed on a dedicated optical test bench. The experimental results of the performance evaluation are then used to accurately determine the actual profile of the fabricated gratings, based on RCWA modeling. Results. The AGPM coronagraphic performance is very sensitive to small errors in etch depth and grating profile. Most of the fabricated components therefore show moderate performance in terms of starlight rejection (a few 100: 1 in the best cases). Here we present new processes for re-etching the fabricated components in order to optimize the parameters of the grating and hence significantly increase their coronagraphic performance. Starlight rejection up to 1000: 1 is demonstrated in a broadband L filter on the coronagraphic test bench, which corresponds to a raw contrast of about 10 5 at two resolution elements from the star for a perfect input wave front on a circular, unobstructed aperture. Conclusions. Thanks to their exquisite performance, our latest L-band AGPMs are good candidates for installation in state of the art and future high-contrast thermal infrared imagers, such as METIS for the E-ELT.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wagner, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging low-mass planets within the habitable zone of α Centauri
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Giant exoplanets on wide orbits have been directly imaged around young stars. If the thermal background in the mid-infrared can be mitigated, then exoplanets with lower masses can also be imaged. Here we present a ground-based mid-infrared observing approach that enables imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars, and in particular within the closest stellar system, alpha Centauri. Based on 75-80% of the best quality images from 100h of cumulative observations, we demonstrate sensitivity to warm sub-Neptune-sized planets throughout much of the habitable zone of alpha Centauri A. This is an order of magnitude more sensitive than state-of-the-art exoplanet imaging mass detection limits. We also discuss a possible exoplanet or exozodiacal disk detection around alpha Centauri A. However, an instrumental artifact of unknown origin cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging rocky habitable-zone exoplanets with current and upcoming telescopes. Imaging of low-mass exoplanets can be achieved once the thermal background in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths can be mitigated. Here, the authors present a ground-based MIR observing approach enabling imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars.
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| 37. |
- Wang, Jason J., et al.
(författare)
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Keck/NIRC2 L'-Band Imaging of Jovian-Mass Accreting Protoplanets around PDS 70
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 159:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present L'-band imaging of the PDS 70 planetary system with Keck/NIRC2 using the new infrared pyramid wave front sensor. We detected both PDS 70 b and c in our images, as well as the front rim of the circumstellar disk. After subtracting off a model of the disk, we measured the astrometry and photometry of both planets. Placing priors based on the dynamics of the system, we estimated PDS 70 b to have a semimajor axis of au and PDS 70 c to have a semimajor axis of au (95% credible interval). We fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) of both planets. For PDS 70 b, we were able to place better constraints on the red half of its SED than previous studies and inferred the radius of the photosphere to be 2–3 R Jup. The SED of PDS 70 c is less well constrained, with a range of total luminosities spanning an order of magnitude. With our inferred radii and luminosities, we used evolutionary models of accreting protoplanets to derive a mass of PDS 70 b between 2 and 4 M Jup and a mean mass accretion rate between 3 × 10−7 and 8 × 10−7 M Jup/yr. For PDS 70 c, we computed a mass between 1 and 3 M Jup and mean mass accretion rate between 1 × 10−7 and 5 × 10−7 M Jup/yr. The mass accretion rates imply dust accretion timescales short enough to hide strong molecular absorption features in both planets' SEDs.
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