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Sökning: WFRF:(Karlsson Julia)

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1.
  • Johansson, Julia M., et al. (författare)
  • The European heat wave of 2018 and its promotion of the ozone climate penalty in southwest Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Boreal Environment Research. - 1239-6095 .- 1797-2469. ; 25, s. 39-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ozone concentration ([O-3]), temperature (T) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) during the 2018 heat wave (HW) was compared with conditions from 2013-2017. The study included one coastal and two inland sites in southwest Sweden. The positive relationship between [O-3] and T was stronger in 2018. The average daytime T from April-September was higher by 2.0-2.4 degrees C in 2018. The VPD was strongly and positively affected by the 2018 HW. The daytime mean [O-3] was enhanced by 7-12% in 2018. The relationship between hourly daytime [O-3] and T, as well as that between the daily maximum [O-3] and daily maximum T, was steeper in 2018. The stronger promotion of [O-3] by T in 2018 was possibly partly a result of dry conditions causing stomatal closure of vegetation and thus a weaker O-3 sink. If HWs like that in 2018 become more common, they can be expected to promote higher [O-3] and risk larger health and ecosystem effects.
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2.
  • Karlsson, Kenneth, et al. (författare)
  • Will the Nordics Become an Export Hub for Electro Fuels and Electricity?
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Energy. ; 101, s. 167-193
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Nordics have a huge renewable energy potential, mainly in the form of onshore and offshore wind as well as biomass potentials and can deliver some of the lowest electricity prices in Europe. They could export large amounts of electricity and hydrogen, supplying mainland Europe and abroad. But where and when should wind, PV and green fuel production capacity be built, and what kind of infrastructure is needed? Within the Nordics—who can/will become a net exporter of electricity and green fuels? To avoid sub-optimal solutions, some overall analysis and planning may be needed to secure societal benefits and reduce the overall cost. By comparing plans and visions for the build-out of electrolyser capacity, electricity and gas infrastructure, and wind and solar projects, we discuss consistency (or lack thereof) in the project pipelines. Furthermore, the future role of the Nordics is discussed by comparing scenario analysis from different modelling teams to identify robust conclusions and critical uncertainties. The impact goes beyond SDG 13 (Climate action) and supports e.g., SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth) by implementing a more sustainable economic system and also offers the opportunity to provide affordable and clean energy (SDG 7).
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3.
  • Mogren, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • The hurdle approach-A holistic concept for controlling food safety risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination of leafy green vegetables. A review
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 9:AUG
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Consumers appreciate leafy green vegetables such as baby leaves for their convenience and wholesomeness and for adding a variety of tastes and colors to their plate. In Western cuisine, leafy green vegetables are usually eaten fresh and raw, with no step in the long chain from seed to consumption where potentially harmful microorganisms could be completely eliminated, e.g., through heating. A concerning trend in recent years is disease outbreaks caused by various leafy vegetable crops and one of the most important foodborne pathogens in this context is Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Other pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes should also be considered in disease risk analysis, as they have been implicated in outbreaks associated with leafy greens. These pathogens may enter the horticultural value network during primary production in field or greenhouse via irrigation, at harvest, during processing and distribution or in the home kitchen/restaurant. The hurdle approach involves combining several mitigating approaches, each of which is insufficient on its own, to control or even eliminate pathogens in food products. Since the food chain system for leafy green vegetables contains no absolute kill step for pathogens, use of hurdles at critical points could enable control of pathogens that pose a human health risk. Hurdles should be combined so as to decrease the risk due to pathogenic microbes and also to improve microbial stability, shelf-life, nutritional properties and sensory quality of leafy vegetables. The hurdle toolbox includes different options, such as physical, physiochemical and microbial hurdles. The goal for leafy green vegetables is multi-target preservation through intelligently applied hurdles. This review describes hurdles that could be used for leafy green vegetables and their biological basis, and identifies prospective hurdles that need attention in future research.
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4.
  • Warsi, Sarah, et al. (författare)
  • Schlafen2 is a regulator of quiescence in adult murine hematopoietic stem cells
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 107:12, s. 2884-2896
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Even though hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate, they primarily reside in quiescence. Despite the immense importance of this quiescent state, its maintenance and regulation is still incompletely understood. Schlafen2 (Slfn2) is a cytoplasmic protein known to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, quiescence, interferon response, and regulation of the immune system. Interestingly, Slfn2 is highly expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells. In order to investigate the role of Slfn2 in the regulation of HSC we have studied HSC function in the elektra mouse model, where the elektra allele of the Slfn2 gene contains a point mutation causing loss of function of the Slfn2 protein. We found that homozygosity for the elektra allele caused a decrease of primitive hematopoietic compartments in murine bone marrow. We further found that transplantation of elektra bone marrow and purified HSC resulted in a significantly reduced regenerative capacity of HSC in competitive transplantation settings. Importantly, we found that a significantly higher fraction of elektra HSC (as compared to wild-type HSC) were actively cycling, suggesting that the mutation in Slfn2 increases HSC proliferation. This additionally caused an increased amount of apoptotic stem and progenitor cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of Slfn2 results in a functional deficiency of primitive hematopoietic cells, which is particularly reflected by a drastically impaired ability to reconstitute the hematopoietic system following transplantation and an increase in HSC proliferation. This study thus identifies Slfn2 as a novel and critical regulator of adult HSC and HSC quiescence.
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5.
  • Aevarsson, Arnthór, et al. (författare)
  • Going to extremes - a metagenomic journey into the dark matter of life
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6968. ; 368:12
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Virus-X-Viral Metagenomics for Innovation Value-project was a scientific expedition to explore and exploit uncharted territory of genetic diversity in extreme natural environments such as geothermal hot springs and deep-sea ocean ecosystems. Specifically, the project was set to analyse and exploit viral metagenomes with the ultimate goal of developing new gene products with high innovation value for applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical, and the life science sectors. Viral gene pool analysis is also essential to obtain fundamental insight into ecosystem dynamics and to investigate how viruses influence the evolution of microbes and multicellular organisms. The Virus-X Consortium, established in 2016, included experts from eight European countries. The unique approach based on high throughput bioinformatics technologies combined with structural and functional studies resulted in the development of a biodiscovery pipeline of significant capacity and scale. The activities within the Virus-X consortium cover the entire range from bioprospecting and methods development in bioinformatics to protein production and characterisation, with the final goal of translating our results into new products for the bioeconomy. The significant impact the consortium made in all of these areas was possible due to the successful cooperation between expert teams that worked together to solve a complex scientific problem using state-of-the-art technologies as well as developing novel tools to explore the virosphere, widely considered as the last great frontier of life.
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6.
  • Ahmad, Amais, et al. (författare)
  • IMI – Oral biopharmaceutics tools project – Evaluation of bottom-up PBPK prediction success part 4 : Prediction accuracy and software comparisons with improved data and modelling strategies
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-6411 .- 1873-3441. ; 156, s. 50-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Oral drug absorption is a complex process depending on many factors, including the physicochemical properties of the drug, formulation characteristics and their interplay with gastrointestinal physiology and biology. Physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models integrate all available information on gastro-intestinal system with drug and formulation data to predict oral drug absorption. The latter together with in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and other preclinical data on drug disposition can be used to predict plasma concentration-time profiles in silico. Despite recent successes of PBPK in many areas of drug development, an improvement in their utility for evaluating oral absorption is much needed. Current status of predictive performance, within the confinement of commonly available in vitro data on drugs and formulations alongside systems information, were tested using 3 PBPK software packages (GI-Sim (ver.4.1), Simcyp® Simulator (ver.15.0.86.0), and GastroPlusTM (ver.9.0.00xx)). This was part of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools (OrBiTo) project.Fifty eight active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were qualified from the OrBiTo database to be part of the investigation based on a priori set criteria on availability of minimum necessary information to allow modelling exercise. The set entailed over 200 human clinical studies with over 700 study arms. These were simulated using input parameters which had been harmonised by a panel of experts across different software packages prior to conduct of any simulation. Overall prediction performance and software packages comparison were evaluated based on performance indicators (Fold error (FE), Average fold error (AFE) and absolute average fold error (AAFE)) of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.On average, PK parameters (Area Under the Concentration-time curve (AUC0-tlast), Maximal concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2)) were predicted with AFE values between 1.11 and 1.97. Variability in FEs of these PK parameters was relatively high with AAFE values ranging from 2.08 to 2.74. Around half of the simulations were within the 2-fold error for AUC0-tlast and around 90% of the simulations were within 10-fold error for AUC0-tlast. Oral bioavailability (Foral) predictions, which were limited to 19 APIs having intravenous (i.v.) human data, showed AFE and AAFE of values 1.37 and 1.75 respectively. Across different APIs, AFE of AUC0-tlast predictions were between 0.22 and 22.76 with 70% of the APIs showing an AFE > 1. When compared across different formulations and routes of administration, AUC0-tlast for oral controlled release and i.v. administration were better predicted than that for oral immediate release formulations. Average predictive performance did not clearly differ between software packages but some APIs showed a high level of variability in predictive performance across different software packages. This variability could be related to several factors such as compound specific properties, the quality and availability of information, and errors in scaling from in vitro and preclinical in vivo data to human in vivo behaviour which will be explored further. Results were compared with previous similar exercise when the input data selection was carried by the modeller rather than a panel of experts on each in vitro test. Overall, average predictive performance was increased as reflected in smaller AAFE value of 2.8 as compared to AAFE value of 3.8 in case of previous exercise.
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7.
  • Andersson, Evelyn, et al. (författare)
  • Genetics of response to cognitive behavior therapy in adults with major depression : a preliminary report
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 24:4, s. 484-490
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Major depressive disorder is heritable and a leading cause of disability. Cognitive behavior therapy is an effective treatment for major depression. By quantifying genetic risk scores based on common genetic variants, the aim of this report was to explore the utility of psychiatric and cognitive trait genetic risk scores, for predicting the response of 894 adults with major depressive disorder to cognitive behavior therapy. The participants were recruited in a psychiatric setting, and the primary outcome score was measured using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self Rated. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays were used to calculate the genomic risk scores based on large genetic studies of six phenotypes: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intelligence, and educational attainment. Linear mixed-effect models were used to test the relationships between the six genetic risk scores and cognitive behavior therapy outcome. Our analyses yielded one significant interaction effect (B = 0.09, p < 0.001): the autism spectrum disorder genetic risk score correlated with Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self Rated changes during treatment, and the higher the autism spectrum disorder genetic load, the less the depressive symptoms decreased over time. The genetic risk scores for the other psychiatric and cognitive traits were not related to depressive symptom severity or change over time. Our preliminary results indicated, as expected, that the genomics of the response of patients with major depression to cognitive behavior therapy were complex and that future efforts should aim to maximize sample size and limit subject heterogeneity in order to gain a better understanding of the use of genetic risk factors to predict treatment outcome.
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8.
  • Baccarini, Andrea, et al. (författare)
  • Frequent new particle formation over the high Arctic pack ice by enhanced iodine emissions
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the central Arctic Ocean the formation of clouds and their properties are sensitive to the availability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The vapors responsible for new particle formation (NPF), potentially leading to CCN, have remained unidentified since the first aerosol measurements in 1991. Here, we report that all the observed NPF events from the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition are driven by iodic acid with little contribution from sulfuric acid. Iodic acid largely explains the growth of ultrafine particles (UFP) in most events. The iodic acid concentration increases significantly from summer towards autumn, possibly linked to the ocean freeze-up and a seasonal rise in ozone. This leads to a one order of magnitude higher UFP concentration in autumn. Measurements of cloud residuals suggest that particles smaller than 30nm in diameter can activate as CCN. Therefore, iodine NPF has the potential to influence cloud properties over the Arctic Ocean. Which vapors are responsible for new particle formation in the Arctic is largely unknown. Here, the authors show that the formation of new particles at the central Arctic Ocean is mainly driven by iodic acid and that particles smaller than 30nm in diameter can activate as cloud condensation nuclei.
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9.
  • Bestas, Burcu, et al. (författare)
  • A Type II-B Cas9 nuclease with minimized off-targets and reduced chromosomal translocations in vivo
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and derived enzymes are widely used as genome editors, but their promiscuous nuclease activity often induces undesired mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Several strategies for mapping off-target effects have emerged, but they suffer from limited sensitivity. To increase the detection sensitivity, we develop an off-target assessment workflow that uses Duplex Sequencing. The strategy increases sensitivity by one order of magnitude, identifying previously unknown SpCas9's off-target mutations in the humanized PCSK9 mouse model. To reduce off-target risks, we perform a bioinformatic search and identify a high-fidelity Cas9 variant of the II-B subfamily from Parasutterella secunda (PsCas9). PsCas9 shows improved specificity as compared to SpCas9 across multiple tested sites, both in vitro and in vivo, including the PCSK9 site. In the future, while PsCas9 will offer an alternative to SpCas9 for research and clinical use, the Duplex Sequencing workflow will enable a more sensitive assessment of Cas9 editing outcomes. SpCas9 unintended editing is a major concern. Here the authors report an off-target method using Duplex Sequencing with increased sensitivity for Cas9 mutation detection; they also identify a Cas9 variant of the II-B subfamily with intrinsic high fidelity (PsCas9) and see improved specificity.
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10.
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11.
  • Blokland, G. A. M., et al. (författare)
  • Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:1, s. 102-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk. Methods: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH. Results: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism–by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 × 10−8), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p < 1 × 10−6) for cross-disorder G×S interaction (rs7302529, p = 1.6 × 10−7; rs73033497, p = 8.8 × 10−7; rs7914279, p = 6.4 × 10−7), implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified G×S interaction across disorders (p = 8.97 × 10−7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282, p = 1.5 × 10−7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509, p = 1.1 × 10−7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant G×S interaction of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Conclusions: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway levels. © 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry
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12.
  • Brosved, Madeleine, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Physical Fitness, Physical Function, and Self-reported Outcomes in Patients ≥80 yr: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention. - 1932-751X. ; 42:5, s. 331-337
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The beneficial effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are well known, but patients ≥80 yr have been less studied. The aim was to evaluate the effects of CR on patients with ACS ≥80 yr on peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical function, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared with a control group.A total of 26 patients with ACS, median age 82 (81, 84) yr, were randomized to hospital-based CR combined with a home-based exercise program (CR group) or to a control group (C) for 4 mo. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 4 mo and included the peak CRF (primary outcome), 6-min walk test (6MWT), muscle endurance, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), one-leg stand test, and PROMs.There were no significant differences between the groups in peak CRF. The CR group improved significantly in terms of the 6MWT ( P = .04), isotonic muscle endurance ( P < .001), one-leg stand test ( P = .001), SPPB total score ( P =.03), Activities-specific Balance Confidence ( P =.01), and anxiety ( P =.03), as compared with C. There were no significant intergroup differences in the TUG, the self-reported health question or depression.Patients with ACS ≥80 yr improved in walking distance, muscle endurance, physical function, and PROMs, but not in peak CRF, by participating in a CR program. These results suggest an increased referral to CR for this growing group of patients to enable preserved mobility and independence in daily living, but this needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
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13.
  • Cable, Jennifer, et al. (författare)
  • Progress in vaccine development for infectious diseases : a Keystone Symposia report
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1524:1, s. 65-86
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us many things, among the most important of which is that vaccines are one of the cornerstones of public health that help make modern longevity possible. While several different vaccines have been successful at stemming the morbidity and mortality associated with various infectious diseases, many pathogens/diseases remain recalcitrant to the development of effective vaccination. Recent advances in vaccine technology, immunology, structural biology, and other fields may yet yield insight that will address these diseases; they may also help improve societies' preparedness for future pandemics. On June 1-4, 2022, experts in vaccinology from academia, industry, and government convened for the Keystone symposium "Progress in Vaccine Development for Infectious Diseases" to discuss state-of-the-art technologies, recent advancements in understanding vaccine-mediated immunity, and new aspects of antigen design to aid vaccine effectiveness.
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14.
  • Castellá, Bruno Femenía, et al. (författare)
  • Commissioning and first light results of an L’-band vortex coronagraph with the Keck II adaptive optics NIRC2 science instrument
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Adaptive Optics Systems V. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On March 2015 an L'-band vortex coronagraph based on an Annular Groove Phase Mask made up of a diamond sub-wavelength grating was installed on NIRC2 as a demonstration project. This vortex coronagraph operates in the L' band not only in order to take advantage from the favorable star/planet contrast ratio when observing beyond the K band, but also to exploit the fact that the Keck II Adaptive Optics (AO) system delivers nearly extreme adaptive optics image quality (Strehl ratios values near 90%) at 3.7 mu m. We describe the hardware installation of the vortex phase mask during a routine NIRC2 service mission. The success of the project depends on extensive software development which has allowed the achievement of exquisite real-time pointing control as well as further contrast improvements by using speckle nulling to mitigate the effect of static speckles. First light of the new coronagraphic mode was on June 2015 with already very good initial results. Subsequent commissioning nights were interlaced with science nights by members of the VORTEX team with their respective scientific programs. The new capability and excellent results so far have motivated the VORTEX team and the Keck Science Steering Committee (KSSC) to offer the new mode in shared risk mode for 2016B.
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15.
  • Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al. (författare)
  • Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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16.
  • Darlison, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Leaf mineral content govern microbial community structure in the phyllosphere of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 675, s. 501-512
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The plant microbiome is an important factor for plant health and productivity. While the impact of nitrogen (N) availability for plant growth and development is well established, its influence on the microbial phyllosphere community structure is unknown. We hypothesize that nitrogen impacts the growth and abundance of several microorganisms on the leaf surface. The bacterial and fungal communities of baby leaf spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) were investigated in a field trial for two years in a commercial setting. Nitrogen fertilizer was tested in four doses (basic nitrogen, basic + suboptimal, basic + commercial, basic + excess) with six replicates in each. Culture-independent (Illumina sequencing) and culture-dependent (viable count and identification of bacterial isolates) community studies were combined with monitoring of plant physiology and site weather conditions. This study found that alpha diversity of bacterial communities decreased in response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer dose, whereas viable counts showed no differences. Correspondingly, fungal communities of the spinach phyllosphere showed a decreasing pattern, whereas the decreasing diversity of fungal communities of rocket was not significant. Plant species and effects of annual variations on microbiome structure were observed for bacterial and fungal communities on both spinach and rocket. This study provides novel insights on the impact of nitrogen fertilizer regime on a nutrient scarce habitat, the phyllosphere.
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17.
  • Darlison, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Plant species affects establishment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp+ on leafy vegetables
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 127, s. 292-305
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims Greenhouse trials were conducted with different cultivars of baby leaf spinach, rocket and Swiss chard and inoculation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 gfp+, to determine whether plant species and cultivar have an impact on the establishment of this strain. Methods and Results Three cultivars each of spinach, rocket and Swiss chard were spray inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ at doses of log 7 CFU per ml. Due to the different lengths of growing period spinach and Swiss chard were spray inoculated three times and rocket five times, with final inoculation performed 3 days prior to harvest. After a growing period of 26-33 days, E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ was recovered from the leaf surface in mean populations between log 1 and 6 CFU per gram. The lowest occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ was found on rocket leaves and the highest on spinach. There was no significant difference in the establishment of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ between cultivars, but there were differences between plant species. Indigenous phyllosphere bacteria were pure cultured and identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Conclusions Despite the same high inoculation dose of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ on leaves, the establishment rate differed between plant species. However, plant cultivar did not affect establishment. Pantoea agglomerans dominated the identified bacterial isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study As previous studies are inconclusive on choice of model plant species and cultivar, we studied whether plant species or cultivar determines the fate of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+ on leafy vegetables. The findings indicate that plant species is a key determinant in the establishment of E. coli O157:H7 gfp+.
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18.
  • Ek, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Relative Age Effect of Sport Academy Adolescents, a Physiological Evaluation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Sports. - Basel : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The relationship between birth quarter distribution and physiological characteristics related to athletic skills, in adolescent sport academy students has not been fully investigated. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 86 boys and 52 girls aged 12-14 years during their first term at a sport academy school. We measured body size, cardiac size, pulmonary function, body composition, lower body power, cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, and running endurance by standard methods and analyzed these estimates in relation to birth quarter by ANOVA. Birth quarter distribution in our cohort was compared with birth quarter distribution in the same ages in the whole of Sweden and analyzed by logistic regression. The academy had an overrepresentation of students born in the first quartile of the year compared to those born in the last quartile (odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.7)). When comparing the physiological characteristics between birth quarters, uniformity is prominent since out of 26 performed physiological and anthropometric tests only four showed statistically significant group differences. We thus believe that the selection process to the sport academy favours athletes with higher chronological age, i.e., a so-called relative age effect is present. © 2020 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland).
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19.
  • Ek, Weronica E, et al. (författare)
  • Causal effects of inflammatory protein biomarkers on inflammatory diseases
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many circulating proteins are associated with the presence or severity of disease. However, whether these protein biomarkers are causal for disease development is usually unknown. We investigated the causal effect of 21 well-known or exploratory protein biomarkers of inflammation on 18 inflammatory diseases using two-sample Mendelian randomization. We identified six proteins to have causal effects on any of 11 inflammatory diseases (FDR < 0.05, corresponding to P < 1.4 x 10(-3)). IL-12B protects against psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy, LAP-TGF-beta-1 protects against osteoarthritis, TWEAK protects against asthma, VEGF-A protects against ulcerative colitis, and LT-alpha protects against both type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, IL-18R1 increases the risk of developing allergy, hay fever, and eczema. Most proteins showed protective effects against development of disease rather than increasing disease risk, which indicates that many disease-related biomarkers are expressed to protect from tissue damage. These proteins represent potential intervention points for disease prevention and treatment.
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20.
  • Ekedahl, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Differences between the data in the electronic medical record, the prescriptions stored in the Swedish national prescription repository and and the patient’s knowledge of the present treatment
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Pharmacy World & Science. - : Springer. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 32:5, s. 679-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background and objective Patient adherence to prescribed treatmentfor chronic conditions has been estimated to be on average about 50%(1), drug related problems may cause as much as 30% of acuteadmittances to hospital care (2), and the costs have been estimated tobe of the same magnitude as the direct costs for pharmaceutical drugs.A reason for lack of adherence to the treatment and medication errorsmay be that patients with many drugs, especially when changes in thetreatment have occurred, may have knowledge gaps on the drugsrepresenting the actual prescribed treatment.E-prescribing, from the physicians’ electronic medical record(EMR) directly to the pharmacies, constitute[75% of all prescriptionsin Sweden and [70% of patients in Sweden store theirprescriptions electronically at the national prescription repository(NPR), accessible from any pharmacy in Sweden. Any new e-prescriptionwill automatically be stored in the NPR.However, the NPR may contain both prescriptions for the present,actual treatment, prescription duplicates, and prescriptions for previous,terminated or changed treatment. For patients with manymedications and/or many changes in the treatment it is obvious thatthe risk for medication errors is increased.The objective of the present study was to compare the prescribedtreatment in the EMR, the prescriptions in the NPR, and patient’sknowledge of her/his present prescribed treatment.Design Compare prescribed treatment in the EMR with the prescriptionsin the NPR, and patients knowledge of her/his presentprescribed treatment with regard to prescriptions; prescribed drug,strength; formula and dosing.Setting Ten HCCs in four cities in Sweden, February 2010.Main outcome measures Differences between the computerisedpatients health care journal record and the prescriptions in the NPR,and patients view of her/his actual present prescribed treatment withregard to prescriptions; prescribed drug, strength; formula and dosing.Results The results are available in March 2010.Conclusions Conclusion.References1. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. WHO,2003.2. Fryckstedt J, Asker-Hagelberg C. Drug-related problems commonat the medical acute care clinic—the cause of admission foralmost one-third of patients. [Läkemedelsrelaterade problemvanliga på medicinakuten - Orsak till inläggning hos nästan vartredje patient, enligt kvalitetsuppföljning] Läkartidningen 2008;105(12–13): 894–898.
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21.
  • Ekedahl, Anders, 1949-, et al. (författare)
  • Discrepancies between the electronic medical record, the prescriptions in the Swedish national prescription repository and the current medication reported by patients.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 20:11, s. 1177-1183
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose To study discrepancies between (i) the prescribed current treatment stated by patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) compared with patients with other chronic diseases, (ii) the data in the medication list (ML) in the electronic medical record and (iii) the data in the prescription list (PL) on the prescriptions stored in the national prescription repository in Sweden, to determine current, noncurrent, duplicate and missing prescriptions.Methods At one healthcare centre, a random sample of patients 18 years and older with a diagnosis of CHF, diabetes mellitus (DM) or osteoarthritis (OA) provided written informed consent to participate. Participants were interviewed by telephone on the prescribed current treatment.Results Of 161 invited patients (61 CHF, 50 DM and 50 OA), 66 patients were included. More than 80% of the patients had at least one discrepancy, a noncurrent, a duplicate or a missing prescription, in the ML and PL. The overall congruence for unique prescriptions on current treatment between the ML and the PL was only 55%. Patients with CHF had overall more discrepancies and patients with DM fewer discrepancies in the ML.Conclusions Prescriptions for noncurrent treatment, duplicates and missing prescriptions are common in both the ML in the electronic medical record and the list on prescriptions stored in the Swedish National Prescription Repository. Patients with CHF had more discrepancies in the ML. The risk for medication errors in primary care due to incorrect information on prescribed treatment may be substantial.
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22.
  • ElBeck, Zaher, et al. (författare)
  • Epigenetic modulators link mitochondrial redox homeostasis to cardiac function in a sex-dependent manner
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a characteristic hallmark of numerous diseases, clinical approaches that ameliorate oxidative stress have been unsuccessful. Here, utilizing multi-omics, we demonstrate that in cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) constitutes a major antioxidative defense mechanism. Paradoxically reduced expression of IDH2 associated with ventricular eccentric hypertrophy is counterbalanced by an increase in the enzyme activity. We unveil redox-dependent sex dimorphism, and extensive mutual regulation of the antioxidative activities of IDH2 and NRF2 by a feedforward network that involves 2-oxoglutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate and mediated in part through unconventional hydroxy-methylation of cytosine residues present in introns. Consequently, conditional targeting of ROS in a murine model of heart failure improves cardiac function in sex- and phenotype-dependent manners. Together, these insights may explain why previous attempts to treat heart failure with antioxidants have been unsuccessful and open new approaches to personalizing and, thereby, improving such treatment.
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23.
  • Elo, Kristofer, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Automation of Plastic Recycling – A case study
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of EcoDesign 2009, Sapporo, Japan. - : Springer. - 9784888981927 ; , s. 935-940
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plastic recycling is an increasingly important issue intoday’s society. The number of plastics and theirvariation with additives has increased lately, affecting inturn the possibilities for plastic material recycling.However, trends in e.g. Japan show a reduction in thenumber of plastics used in e.g. household appliances.This reduction has been put into force in order to easeplastic recycling for those kinds of products.In Sweden, more efforts are put on collecting plasticfor material recycling. The intention for doing this is tohave more plastic material recycled rather thanincinerated and energy recovered. This paper deals witha conceptual investigation and development of anautomatic plastic recycling plant in Sweden. In order toreach a recycling plant that fulfills required technical andeconomic specifications, a large investigation of existingtechniques was performed. This investigation revealedmany techniques described in research, but also whichtechniques that were used by recycling industry today.The results of these studies became a conceptual andpotential well-functioning material recycling plant forplastics which is fully automatic. However, the focus ofthis development has been to sort out and materialrecycle the most common plastics, namely polyetene(LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene(PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS)whereas the other plastics have been sorted out forenergy recovery. Having these delimitations, a goodrecycling process plant can be achieved.
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24.
  • Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al. (författare)
  • Predicting regional COVID-19 hospital admissions in Sweden using mobility data.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The transmission of COVID-19 is dependent on social mixing, the basic rate of which varies with sociodemographic, cultural, and geographic factors. Alterations in social mixing and subsequent changes in transmission dynamics eventually affect hospital admissions. We employ these observations to model and predict regional hospital admissions in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use an SEIR-model for each region in Sweden in which the social mixing is assumed to depend on mobility data from public transport utilisation and locations for mobile phone usage. The results show that the model could capture the timing of the first and beginning of the second wave of the pandemic 3weeks in advance without any additional assumptions about seasonality. Further, we show that for two major regions of Sweden, models with public transport data outperform models using mobile phone usage. We conclude that a model based on routinely collected mobility data makes it possible to predict future hospital admissions for COVID-19 3weeks in advance.
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25.
  • Grimberg, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Få, fler, alla måste göra mer tillsammans : En färdplan mot ett totalt försvar
  • Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Den svenska säkerhets- och försvarspolitiken kom snabbt att förändras under 2014 efter att Ryssland först ockuperat och sedan annekterat Krimhalvön. Sveriges verklighetsbild förändrades på några få månader, från det att Sveriges statsminister på Folk och Försvarskonferensen i Sälen i januari 2014 sagt att det var svårt att kunna tänka sig att det fanns något avgörande militära hot mot något europeiskt land. För något mer än sju år sedan, den 10 december 2015, beslutade regeringen om en återupptagen totalförsvarsplanering.Det är inom ramen för denna planering, och den svenska förmågeökning som den syftar till, som våra tankar här riktar sig till. Vi är långt ifrån klara i Sverige. Vi har precis kommit igång. Stora tankar behöver tänkas. Effekt behöver levereras.Vår uppgift är att lista utmaningar och problem i Sveriges säkerhets- och försvarspolitik inom den pågående totalförsvarsreformen och identifiera utvecklingsbehov inom svensk policy och strategi. Vi ska utmana status quo, vara framåtlutade och argumentera för de reformer som vi anser behövs.Våra slutsatser återfinns inom tre kapitelDemokratin, rättsstaten och de grundläggande fri- och rättigheterna är Sveriges främsta skyddsvärden.Ett starkt totalförsvar utifrån helhet, enkelhet och effekt.En vassare förmåga.
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26.
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27.
  • Götstedt, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Development and evaluation of aperture-based complexity metrics using film and EPID measurements of static MLC openings.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Medical physics. - : Wiley. - 2473-4209 .- 0094-2405. ; 42:7, s. 3911-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Complexity metrics have been suggested as a complement to measurement-based quality assurance for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). However, these metrics have not yet been sufficiently validated. This study develops and evaluates new aperture-based complexity metrics in the context of static multileaf collimator (MLC) openings and compares them to previously published metrics.This study develops the converted aperture metric and the edge area metric. The converted aperture metric is based on small and irregular parts within the MLC opening that are quantified as measured distances between MLC leaves. The edge area metric is based on the relative size of the region around the edges defined by the MLC. Another metric suggested in this study is the circumference/area ratio. Earlier defined aperture-based complexity metrics-the modulation complexity score, the edge metric, the ratio monitor units (MU)/Gy, the aperture area, and the aperture irregularity-are compared to the newly proposed metrics. A set of small and irregular static MLC openings are created which simulate individual IMRT/VMAT control points of various complexities. These are measured with both an amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging device and EBT3 film. The differences between calculated and measured dose distributions are evaluated using a pixel-by-pixel comparison with two global dose difference criteria of 3% and 5%. The extent of the dose differences, expressed in terms of pass rate, is used as a measure of the complexity of the MLC openings and used for the evaluation of the metrics compared in this study. The different complexity scores are calculated for each created static MLC opening. The correlation between the calculated complexity scores and the extent of the dose differences (pass rate) are analyzed in scatter plots and using Pearson's r-values.The complexity scores calculated by the edge area metric, converted aperture metric, circumference/area ratio, edge metric, and MU/Gy ratio show good linear correlation to the complexity of the MLC openings, expressed as the 5% dose difference pass rate, with Pearson's r-values of -0.94, -0.88, -0.84, -0.89, and -0.82, respectively. The overall trends for the 3% and 5% dose difference evaluations are similar.New complexity metrics are developed. The calculated scores correlate to the complexity of the created static MLC openings. The complexity of the MLC opening is dependent on the penumbra region relative to the area of the opening. The aperture-based complexity metrics that combined either the distances between the MLC leaves or the MLC opening circumference with the aperture area show the best correlation with the complexity of the static MLC openings.
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28.
  • Götstedt, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of measures related to dosimetric uncertainty of VMAT plans
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics. - : Wiley. - 1526-9914.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dosimetric uncertainty is most often not included in the process of creating and selecting plans for treatment. Treatment planning and the physician's choice of treatment plan is instead often based only on evaluation of clinical goals of the calculated absorbed dose distribution. Estimation of the dosimetric uncertainty could potentially have impact in the process of comparing and selecting volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. In this study, different measures for estimation of dosimetric uncertainty based on treatment plan parameters for plans with similar dose distributions were evaluated. VMAT plans with similar dose distributions but with different treatment plan designs were created using three different optimization methods for each of ten patient cases (tonsil and prostate cancer). Two plans were optimized in Eclipse, one with and one without the use of aperture shape controller, and one plan was optimized in RayStation. The studied measures related to dosimetric uncertainty of treatment plans were aperture-based complexity metric analysis, investigation of modulation level of multi leaf collimator leaves, gantry speed and dose rate, quasi-3D measurements and evaluation of simulations of realistic delivery variations. The results showed that there can be variations in dosimetric uncertainty for treatment plans with similar dose distributions. Dosimetric uncertainty assessment could therefore have impact on the choice of plan to be used for treatment and lead to a decrease in the uncertainty level of the delivered absorbed dose distribution. This study showed that aperture shape complexity had a larger impact on dosimetric uncertainty compared to modulation level of MLC, gantry speed and dose rate.
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29.
  • Götstedt, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • IMRT patient-specific QA using the Delta4 dosimetry system and evaluation based on ICRU 83 recommendations
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Patient-specific IMRT QA is dependent on the dosimetry system and the evaluation procedure. The ICRU report 83 provides recommendations of tolerated deviations between measured and calculated absorbed dose distributions for QA of IMRT treatment plans. The result of doing IMRT patient-specific QA with the Delta4 dosimetry system and using the ICRU recommendations for evaluation is studied. To be able to investigate the QA procedure the original IMRT treatment plans were modified in the treatment planning system to create calculated dose distributions with dosimetric deviations from the original treatment plans. The modified dose distributions were compared to the dose distributions from the Delta4 measurements of the original treatment plans and the differences were evaluated with criteria and tolerance levels according to the recommendations from ICRU. The evaluation for all 28 modified dose distributions have gamma passing rates higher than the tolerance level recommended from ICRU and will therefore pass the patient-specific QA. More than half of the evaluations have a gamma passing rate of 100 %. Evaluation of the differences between the modified and the original calculated dose distributions revealed in several cases large unacceptable dose differences in the PTV volumes and the organs at risk, for example an increase in the near-maximum dose D 2% to the spinal cord of 5.5 Gy. This study indicates that patient-specific QA with the Delta4 dosimetry system and the ICRU recommendations for evaluation can not be used to distinguish differences between planned and measured dose of dosimetrical relevance.
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30.
  • Haghighi, Mona, et al. (författare)
  • A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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31.
  • Hallberg, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR) polymorphism and change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment : results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 21:3, s. 621-4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is associated with a number of adverse morphologic and functional changes in the cardiovascular system, including left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Studies have demonstrated that bradykinin, through the B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR), mediates important cardiovascular effects that may protect against LV hypertrophy. Recently, a +9/-9 exon 1 polymorphism of the B2BKR was shown to be strongly associated with LV growth response among normotensive males undergoing physical training. We aimed to clarify whether the processes found in exercise-induced LV growth in normotensive people also occur in pathological LV hypertrophy. DESIGN AND METHODS: We determined the B2BKR genotype of 90 patients with essential hypertension and echocardiographically diagnosed LV hypertrophy, included in a double-blind study to receive treatment for 48 weeks with either the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist irbesartan or the beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol. RESULTS: B2BKR +9/+9 genotypes responded poorly in LV mass regression, independent of blood pressure reduction or treatment, as compared to the other genotypes (adjusted mean change in LV mass index = -10.0 +/- 4.6 versus -21.6 +/- 2.2 g/m2, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an impact of the B2BKR polymorphism on LV mass regression during antihypertensive treatment.
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32.
  • Hallberg, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • The CYP2C9 genotype predicts the blood pressure response to irbesartan : results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation vs Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 20:10, s. 2089-2093
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 enzyme (CYP2C9) metabolizes many clinically important drugs, for example, phenytoin, warfarin and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists, losartan and irbesartan. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C9 gene result in the expression of three important variants, CYP2C9*1(wild-type), CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3, the last two exhibiting reduced catalytic activity compared with the wild-type. The CYP2C9 genotype is known to determine sensitivity to and dose requirements for both warfarin and phenytoin, and also the rate of metabolism of losartan. However, its influence on clinical response to treatment with the AT(1) receptor antagonist, irbesartan, has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the CYP2C9genotype influences the blood pressure-decreasing response to antihypertensive treatment with irbesartan. DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and two patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were allocated randomly to groups to receive double-blind treatment with either irbesartan (n = 49) or the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor blocker, atenolol ( n= 53). Blood pressure was measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment. genotyping was performed using solid-phase minisequencing. RESULTS: The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response differed in relation to the CYP2C9 genotype in patients given irbesartan: the reduction in patients with genotype CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*1 (n = 33) was 7.5% and that with CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*2 (n = 12) was 14.4% ( P= 0.036). A similar trend was seen for systolic blood pressure. In contrast, no relation was seen between the CYP2C9 genotype and blood pressure response to atenolol, a drug not metabolized via CYP2C9. CONCLUSIONS: The CYP2C9 genotype seems to predict the DBP response to irbesartan, but not to atenolol, in patients with essential hypertension.
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33.
  • Hallberg, Pär, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming growth factor beta1 genotype and change in left ventricular mass during antihypertensive treatment : results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA)
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 27:3, s. 169-73
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II, via the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, may mediate myocardial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy seen in hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy through production of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1); AT1-receptor antagonists reverse these changes. The TGF-beta1 G + 915C polymorphism is associated with interindividual variation in TGF-beta1 production. No study has yet determined the impact of this polymorphism on the response to antihypertensive treatment. HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to determine whether the TGF-beta1 G + 915C polymorphism was related to change in LV mass during antihypertensive treatment with either an AT1-receptor antagonists or a beta1-adrenoceptor blocker. The polymorphism was hypothesized to have an impact mainly on the irbesartan group. METHODS: We determined the association between the TGF-beta1 genotype and regression of LV mass in 90 patients with essential hypertension and echocardiographically diagnosed LV hypertrophy, randomized in a double-blind study to receive treatment for 48 weeks with either the AT1-receptor antagonist irbesartan or the beta1-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol. RESULTS: Irbesartan-treated patients who were carriers of the C-allele, which is associated with low expression of TGF-beta1, responded with a markedly greater decrease in LV mass index (LVMI) than subjects with the G/G genotype (adjusted mean change in LVMI -44.7 g/m2 vs. -22.2 g/m2, p = 0.007), independent of blood pressure reduction. No association between genotype and change in LVMI was observed in the atenolol group. CONCLUSIONS: The TGF-beta1 G + 915C polymorphism is related to the change in LVMI in response to antihypertensive treatment with the AT1-receptor antagonist irbesartan.
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34.
  • Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Fuel choices for different transport modes when decarbonizing the scandinavian energy system
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - 2282-5819. ; , s. 1068-1073
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To meet future climate targets, shipping, aviation, and road transport need to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. This partly by the introduction of alternative transportation fuels and a range of fuel options exist. This study provides an initial assessment of cost-effective future fuel choices for shipping, aviation and road transport in Scandinavia considering carbon reduction requirements and the entire energy system. The cost minimizing energy systems model TIMES Nordic covering Sweden, Norway and Denmark is used. For passenger and freight road transport a considerable electrification seems cost-effective. However, biofuels are needed too, not least in shipping and aviation. The findings indicate that biomass-based marine fuels and bio-jet fuels represent cost-effective mitigation measures in the shipping and aviation sector for 2030 and 2050 in all studied scenario cases. Electrofuels in the aviation and shipping sector is to some extent also a cost-effective option but only when carbon capture and storage is not deployed in large-scale. In general, the development of carbon capture and storage for biomass-based technologies and how these negative emissions will be considered in policy making is important for the development also in the transport sector and particularly for the role of biofuels.
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35.
  • Humbert, Marion, et al. (författare)
  • Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells established in early childhood decline with age
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells have been identified in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, potentially modulating COVID-19 and vaccination outcomes. Here, we provide evidence that functional cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is established in early childhood, mirroring early seroconversion with seasonal human coronavirus OC43. Humoral and cellular immune responses against OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed children (paired samples at age two and six) and adults (age 26 to 83). Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cell responses targeting spike, nucleocapsid, and membrane were closely linked to the frequency of OC43-specific memory CD4+ T cells in childhood. The functional quality of the cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike, but not nucleocapsid, paralleled OC43-specific T cell responses. OC43-specific antibodies were prevalent already at age two. However, they did not increase further with age, contrasting with the antibody magnitudes against HKU1 (β-coronavirus), 229E and NL63 (α-coronaviruses), rhinovirus, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and influenza virus, which increased after age two. The quality of the memory CD4+ T cell responses peaked at age six and subsequently declined with age, with diminished expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and CD38 in late adulthood. Age-dependent qualitative differences in the pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell responses may reflect the ability of the host to control coronavirus infections and respond to vaccination. Copyright © 2023 the Author(s).
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36.
  • Höglund, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of the human ABO genotypes and their association to common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the UK Biobank
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 96:11, s. 1350-1362
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ABO gene contains three major alleles that encodes different antigens; A, B, and O, which determine an individual's blood group. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying associations between ABO blood groups and diseases risk. Here, we sought to test for association between ABO genotypes (OO, OA, AA; OB, BB, and AB) and a large set of common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in UK Biobank as well as disease-related protein biomarkers in NSPHS. We first tested for association by conducting a likelihood ratio test, testing whether ABO contributed significantly to the risk for 24 diseases, and 438 plasma proteins. For phenotypes with FDR < 0.05, we tested for pair-wise differences between genetically determined ABO genotypes using logistic or linear regression. Our study confirmed previous findings of a strong association between ABO and cardiovascular disease, identified associations for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and provide additional evidence of significant differences between heterozygous and homozygous allele carriers for pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, but also for von Willebrand factor levels. Furthermore, the results indicated an additive effect between genotypes, even between the two most common A subgroups, A1 and A2. Additionally, we found that ABO contributed significantly to 39 plasma proteins, of which 23 have never been linked to the ABO locus before. These results show the need of incorporating ABO genotype information in the consultation and management of patients at risk, rather than classifying patients into blood groups.
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37.
  • Höglund, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Gene-based variant analysis of whole-exome sequencing in relation to eosinophil count
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eosinophils play important roles in the release of cytokine mediators in response to inflammation. Many associations between common genetic variants and eosinophils have already been reported, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data. Here, we have analyzed 200,000 whole-exome sequences (WES) from the UK Biobank cohort and performed gene-based analyses of eosinophil count. We defined five different variant weighting schemes to incorporate information on both deleteriousness and frequency. A total of 220 genes in 55 distinct (>10 Mb apart) genomic regions were found to be associated with eosinophil count, of which seven genes (ALOX15, CSF2RB, IL17RA, IL33, JAK2, S1PR4, and SH2B3) are driven by rare variants, independent of common variants identified in genome-wide association studies. Two additional genes, NPAT and RMI1, have not been associated with eosinophil count before and are considered novel eosinophil loci. These results increase our knowledge about the effect of rare variants on eosinophil count, which can be of great value for further identification of therapeutic targets.
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38.
  • Höglund, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Improved power and precision with whole genome sequencing data in genome-wide association studies of inflammatory biomarkers
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified associations between thousands of common genetic variants and human traits. However, common variants usually explain a limited fraction of the heritability of a trait. A powerful resource for identifying trait-associated variants is whole genome sequencing (WGS) data in cohorts comprised of families or individuals from a limited geographical area. To evaluate the power of WGS compared to imputations, we performed GWAS on WGS data for 72 inflammatory biomarkers, in a kinship-structured cohort. When using WGS data, we identified 18 novel associations that were not detected when analyzing the same biomarkers with genotyped or imputed SNPs. Five of the novel top variants were low frequency variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of <5%. Our results suggest that, even when applying a GWAS approach, we gain power and precision using WGS data, presumably due to more accurate determination of genotypes. The lack of a comparable dataset for replication of our results is a limitation in our study. However, this further highlights that there is a need for more genetic epidemiological studies based on WGS data.
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39.
  • Itoh, Akinobu, et al. (författare)
  • Active stiffening of mitral valve leaflets in the beating heart
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6135 .- 1522-1539. ; 296:6, s. H1766-H1773
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (MV), viewed traditionally as a passive membrane, is shown to be a highly active structure in the beating heart. Two types of leaflet contractile activity are demonstrated: 1) a brief twitch at the beginning of each beat (reflecting contraction of myocytes in the leaflet in communication with and excited by left atrial muscle) that is relaxed by midsystole and whose contractile activity is eliminated with beta-receptor blockade and 2) sustained tone during isovolumic relaxation, insensitive to beta-blockade, but doubled by stimulation of the neurally rich region of aortic-mitral continuity. These findings raise the possibility that these leaflets are neurally controlled tissues, with potentially adaptive capabilities to meet the changing physiological demands on the heart. They also provide a basis for a permanent paradigm shift from one viewing the leaflets as passive flaps to one viewing them as active tissues whose complex function and dysfunction must be taken into account when considering not only therapeutic approaches to MV disease, but even the definitions of MV disease itself.
  •  
40.
  • Johansson, Åsa, et al. (författare)
  • Investigating the Effect of Estradiol Levels on the Risk of Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancer
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of the Endocrine Society. - : The Endocrine Society. - 2472-1972. ; 6:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: High levels of estrogen are associated with increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer and have been suggested to also play a role in the development of ovarian cancer. Cancerogenic effects of estradiol, the most prominent form of estrogen, have been highlighted as a side effect of estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy. However, whether high levels of endogenous estrogens, produced within the body, promote cancer development, has not been fully established.Objective: We aimed to examine causal effects of estradiol on breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer.Methods: Here we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the effect of endogenous estradiol on the risk of developing breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, using the UK Biobank as well as 3 independent cancer cohorts.Results: Using 3 independent instrumental variables, we showed that higher estradiol levels significantly increase the risk for ovarian cancer (OR = 3.18 [95% CI, 1.47-6.87], P = 0.003). We also identified a nominally significant effect for ER-positive breast cancer (OR = 2.16 [95% CI, 1.09-4.26], P = 0.027). However, we could not establish a clear link to the risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 1.93 [95% CI, 0.77-4.80], P = 0.160).Conclusion: Our results suggest that high estradiol levels promote the development of ovarian and ER-positive breast cancer.
  •  
41.
  • Jonsson, Bert, Professor, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Creative Mathematical Reasoning : Does Need for Cognition Matter?
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A large portion of mathematics education centers heavily around imitative reasoning and rote learning, raising concerns about students’ lack of deeper and conceptual understanding of mathematics. To address these concerns, there has been a growing focus on students learning and teachers teaching methods that aim to enhance conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. One suggestion is allowing students to construct their own solution methods using creative mathematical reasoning (CMR), a method that in previous studies has been contrasted against algorithmic reasoning (AR) with positive effects on test tasks. Although previous studies have evaluated the effects of CMR, they have ignored if and to what extent intrinsic cognitive motivation play a role. This study investigated the effects of intrinsic cognitive motivation to engage in cognitive strenuous mathematical tasks, operationalized through Need for Cognition (NFC), and working memory capacity (WMC). Two independent groups, consisting of upper secondary students (N = 137, mean age 17.13, SD = 0.62, 63 boys and 74 girls), practiced non-routine mathematical problem solving with CMR and AR tasks and were tested 1 week later. An initial t-test confirmed that the CMR group outperformed the AR group. Structural equation modeling revealed that NFC was a significant predictor of math performance for the CMR group but not for the AR group. The results also showed that WMC was a strong predictor of math performance independent of group. These results are discussed in terms of allowing for time and opportunities for struggle with constructing own solution methods using CMR, thereby enhancing students conceptual understanding.
  •  
42.
  • Karlsson, Camilla, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes: analysis of chondrogenic potential and expression pattern of differentiation-related transcription factors.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. - : Wiley. - 0736-0266. ; 25:2, s. 152-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a candidate for replacing chondrocytes in cell-based repair of cartilage lesions. However, it has not been clarified if these cells can acquire the hyaline phenotype, and whether chondrocytes and MSCs show the same expression patterns of critical control genes in development. In order to study this, articular chondrocytes and iliac crest derived MSCs were allowed to differentiate in pellet mass cultures. Gene expression of markers for the cartilage phenotype, helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, and chondrogenic transcription factors were analyzed by real-time PCR. Matrix production was assayed using biochemical analysis for hydroxyproline, glycosaminoglycans, and immunohistochemistry for collagen types I and II. Significantly decreased expression of collagen type I was accompanied by increased expression of collagen types IIA and IIB during differentiation of chondrocytes, indicating differentiation towards a hyaline phenotype. Chondrogenesis in MSCs on the other hand resulted in up-regulation of collagen types I, IIA, IIB, and X, demonstrating differentiation towards cartilage of a mixed phenotype. Expression of HES1 increased significantly during chondrogenesis in chondrocytes while expression in MSCs was maintained at a low level. The HLH gene HES5 on the other hand was only detected in chondrocytes. Expression of ID1 decreased significantly in chondrocytes while the opposite was seen in MSCs. These findings suggest that chondrocytes and MSCs differentiated and formed different subtypes of cartilage, the hyaline and a mixed cartilage phenotype, respectively. Differentially regulated HLH genes indicated the possibility for HLH proteins in regulating chondrogenic differentiation. This information is important to understand the potential use of MSCs in cartilage repair.
  •  
43.
  • Karlsson, Camilla, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Notch and HES5 are regulated during human cartilage differentiation.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Cell and tissue research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 327:3, s. 539-51
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The molecular mechanisms of cartilage differentiation are poorly understood. In a variety of tissues other than cartilage, members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors have been demonstrated to play critical roles in differentiation. We have characterized the human bHLH gene HES5 and investigated its role during chondrogenesis. Blockage of the Notch signaling pathway with a gamma-secretase inhibitor has demonstrated that the human HES5 gene is a downstream marker of Notch signaling in articular chondrocytes. Markers for the Notch signaling pathway significantly decrease during cartilage differentiation in vitro. Cell proliferation assayed by using BrdU has revealed that blockage of Notch signaling is associated with significantly decreased proliferation. Northern blot and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction of a panel of various tissues have shown that HES5 is transcribed as a 5.4-kb mRNA that is ubiquitously expressed in diverse fetal and adult tissues. Articular cartilage from HES5(-/-) and wild-type mice has been analyzed by using various histological stains. No differences have been detected between the wild-type and HES5(-/-) mice. Our data thus indicate that the human HES5 gene is coupled to the Notch receptor family, that expression of Notch markers (including HES5) decreases during cartilage differentiation, and that the blockage of Notch signaling is associated with significantly decreased cell proliferation.
  •  
44.
  • Karlsson, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Beta1-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and response to beta1-adrenergic receptor blockade in patients with essential hypertension
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 27:6, s. 347-350
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly polymorphisms in the beta1-adrenergic receptor might be of functional importance for the cardiovascular system. Both have been associated with altered receptor activity in vitro, and with hypertension and cardiac failure in vivo. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to test whether these polymorphisms were associated with the change in heart rate or blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy treated with the beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol. METHODS: Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 101 hypertensive patients with echocardiographically verified LV hypertrophy, randomized in a double-blind study to treatment with either the beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist irbesartan. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated after 12 weeks. Beta1-adrenergic receptor genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: We found no significant associations between the changes in the measured variables and either of the two polymorphisms. However, carriers of the 49Gly allele showed a tendency toward a greater reduction in heart rate compared with patients with the Ser/Ser49 genotype (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly beta1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms do not seem to exert a major effect on the changes in heart rate and blood pressure during 12 weeks of treatment with atenolol in patients with essential hypertension and LV hypertrophy.
  •  
45.
  • Karlsson, Linn, et al. (författare)
  • Physical and Chemical Properties of Cloud Droplet Residuals and Aerosol Particles During the Arctic Ocean 2018 Expedition
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 127:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical properties and sources of particles that form clouds is especially important in pristine areas like the Arctic, where particle concentrations are often low and observations are sparse. Here, we present in situ cloud and aerosol measurements from the central Arctic Ocean in August–September 2018 combined with air parcel source analysis. We provide direct experimental evidence that Aitken mode particles (particles with diameters ≲70 nm) significantly contribute to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) or cloud droplet residuals, especially after the freeze-up of the sea ice in the transition toward fall. These Aitken mode particles were associated with air that spent more time over the pack ice, while size distributions dominated by accumulation mode particles (particles with diameters ≳70 nm) showed a stronger contribution of oceanic air and slightly different source regions. This was accompanied by changes in the average chemical composition of the accumulation mode aerosol with an increased relative contribution of organic material toward fall. Addition of aerosol mass due to aqueous-phase chemistry during in-cloud processing was probably small over the pack ice given the fact that we observed very similar particle size distributions in both the whole-air and cloud droplet residual data. These aerosol–cloud interaction observations provide valuable insight into the origin and physical and chemical properties of CCN over the pristine central Arctic Ocean.
  •  
46.
  • Karlsson, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • House sparrow Passer domesticus survival is not associated with MHC-I diversity, but possibly with specific MHC-I alleles
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - : Wiley. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 46:2, s. 167-174
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) plays an important role in the immune system of vertebrates. MHC genes are extremely polymorphic and this variation is considered to be maintained by selection from pathogens. We investigate whether MHC diversity (number of different alleles per individual) affects the survival and recruitment of nestling house sparrows. We hypothesize that individuals with higher MHC diversity can recognize and combat a wider range of pathogens, and therefore are more likely to survive and recruit into the breeding population. Additionally, we hypothesize that specific MHC class I alleles (MHC-I) could be associated with survival and recruitment. We screened MHC-I genotypes in 518 house sparrow chicks hatched on Lundy Island but we found no evidence for a relationship between nestling survival, post-fledging survival or recruitment success with MHC diversity. Then we investigated effects of specific MHC-I alleles in 195 individuals from a single cohort. Twenty-one MHC-I alleles were tested for relationships with nestling survival, post-fledging survival and recruitment, and we detected associations with survival for three different alleles. This pattern was, however, not different to what would be expected from random, so we could not conclude that particular MHC-I alleles are associated with survival in house sparrows on Lundy Island. Nonetheless, one of these alleles (1105) showed both a tendency for a higher probability of surviving in nestlings, and a significant association with survival in fledglings. We envision that allele 1105 could be an interesting candidate gene for testing associations with survival in house sparrows in the future.
  •  
47.
  • Karlsson, Philip A., et al. (författare)
  • Antibiotic use during coronavirus disease 2019 intensive care unit shape multidrug resistance bacteriuria : A Swedish longitudinal prospective study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-858X. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: High frequency of antimicrobial prescription and the nature of prolonged illness in COVID-19 increases risk for complicated bacteriuria and antibiotic resistance. We investigated risk factors for bacteriuria in the ICU and the correlation between antibiotic treatment and persistent bacteria.Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study with urine from indwelling catheters of 101 ICU patients from Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Samples were screened and isolates confirmed with MALDI-TOF and whole genome sequencing. Isolates were analyzed for AMR using broth microdilution. Clinical data were assessed for correlation with bacteriuria.Results: Length of stay linearly correlated with bacteriuria (R2 = 0.99, p ≤ 0.0001). 90% of patients received antibiotics, primarily the beta-lactams (76%) cefotaxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem. We found high prevalence of Enterococcus (42%) being associated with increased cefotaxime prescription. Antibiotic-susceptible E. coli were found to cause bacteriuria despite concurrent antibiotic treatment when found in co-culture with Enterococcus.Conclusion: Longer stays in ICUs increase the risk for bacteriuria in a predictable manner. Likely, high use of cefotaxime drives Enterococcus prevalence, which in turn permit co-colonizing Gram-negative bacteria. Our results suggest biofilms in urinary catheters as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria with the potential to develop and disseminate AMR.
  •  
48.
  • Karlsson, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • An evaluation and shortening of the Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS) using item response theory
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 108
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS) is a 28-item validated tool for measuring food agency, a latent construct representing an individual's ability to make and achieve food-preparation and -provisioning goals. Here, key measurement parameters (targeting, threshold ordering, item fit, unidimensionality, differential item functioning, local dependency, and person reliability) of the CAFPAS are evaluated using a specific case of item response theory, Rasch analysis, on data from a development sample (N = 1853; 910 from Sweden; 943 from the US). Winsteps (v.5.1.7) is used for this analysis. The similarity of the Swedish version of the CAFPAS to the original is also assessed. Based on an iterative assessment of the measurement properties with different combinations of items in the development sample, ways to shorten the CAFPAS without jeopardizing construct validity or person reliability are examined. After removing items that do not fit the Rasch model, or that appear redundant in relation to other items, an 11-item version (CAFPAS-short) is suggested and tested using further Rasch analysis on both the development sample and an additional US-based validation sample (N = 1457). Scores of cooking confidence and attitudes are then modelled with measures from the CAFPAS and CAFPAS-short using frequentist and Bayesian analysis. Results suggest that the CAFPAS-short performs similarly to the full-length version, and potential future improvements to the CAFPAS are discussed. This study represents a successful application of item response theory to investigate and shorten a psychometric scale, reducing cognitive load on participants in studies using the CAFPAS whilst minimizing loss of data reliability. © 2023 The Author(s)
  •  
49.
  • Karlsson, Torgny, et al. (författare)
  • Contribution of genetics to visceral adiposity and its relation to cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:9, s. 1390-1395
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-fat stored around the internal organs-has been suggested as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease1-3, as well as all-cause, cardiovascular-specific and cancer-specific mortality4,5. Yet, the contribution of genetics to VAT, as well as its disease-related effects, are largely unexplored due to the requirement for advanced imaging technologies to accurately measure VAT. Here, we develop sex-stratified, nonlinear prediction models (coefficient of determination = 0.76; typical 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74-0.78) for VAT mass using the UK Biobank cohort. We performed a genome-wide association study for predicted VAT mass and identified 102 novel visceral adiposity loci. Predicted VAT mass was associated with increased risk of hypertension, heart attack/angina, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and Mendelian randomization analysis showed visceral fat to be a causal risk factor for all four diseases. In particular, a large difference in causal effect between the sexes was found for type 2 diabetes, with an odds ratio of 7.34 (95% CI = 4.48-12.0) in females and an odds ratio of 2.50 (95% CI = 1.98-3.14) in males. Our findings bolster the role of visceral adiposity as a potentially independent risk factor, in particular for type 2 diabetes in Caucasian females. Independent validation in other cohorts is necessary to determine whether the findings can translate to other ethnicities, or outside the UK.
  •  
50.
  • Karlsson, Therese, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of the New Nordic Diet compared with usual care on glucose control in gestational diabetes mellitus: Study protocol for the randomized controlled trial intervention with new Nordic DIet in women with GestatiOnal diabetes mellitus (iNDIGO)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Contemporary Clinical Trials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1559-2030 .- 1551-7144. ; 115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication associated with short- and long-term health consequences for mother and child. First line treatment is diet and exercise but there is a recognized knowledge gap as to what diet treatment is optimal. A healthy Nordic diet has been associated with improved health but no studies in women with GDM exist. The New Nordic Diet (NND) is an initiative with the purpose to develop a healthy Nordic diet including foods with the potential to grow in Nordic countries; including fruit, berries, vegetables, whole-grain cereal products, nuts, fish, and rapeseed oil. The purpose of the intervention with new Nordic DIet in women with GestatiOnal diabetes mellitus (iNDIGO) is to test if the NND compared with usual care improves glucose control in women with GDM. Methods: The iNDIGO study is a randomized parallel controlled trial where 50 women with GDM will be randomized to either an NND or usual care for 14 days (30–32 weeks of gestation). Participants in the NND group will receive menus and food bags containing foods to be consumed. Primary outcome is glycemic control (time in target) measured using continuous glucose monitoring. Compliance to the dietary intervention will be tested using dietary biomarkers and adherence questionnaires. Conclusion: Diet treatment represents first line treatment in GDM but it remains unclear what type of diets are effective. iNDIGO is an efficacy study and will provide evidence as to whether a healthy Nordic diet can improve glucose control in women with GDM. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration Number: NCT04169243. Registered 19 November 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04169243.
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