| 1. |
- Einarsdottir, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of NCAN as a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A whole-genome linkage analysis in a Finnish pedigree of eight cases with developmental dyslexia (DD) revealed several regions shared by the affected individuals. Analysis of coding variants from two affected individuals identified rs146011974G > A (Ala1039Thr), a rare variant within the NCAN gene co-segregating with DD in the pedigree. This variant prompted us to consider this gene as a putative candidate for DD. The RNA expression pattern of the NCAN gene in human tissues was highly correlated (R > 0.8) with that of the previously suggested DD susceptibility genes KIAA0319, CTNND2, CNTNAP2 and GRIN2B. We investigated the association of common variation in NCAN to brain structures in two data sets: young adults (Brainchild study, Sweden) and infants (FinnBrain study, Finland). In young adults, we found associations between a common genetic variant in NCAN, rs1064395, and white matter volume in the left and right temporoparietal as well as the left inferior frontal brain regions. In infants, this same variant was found to be associated with cingulate and prefrontal grey matter volumes. Our results suggest NCAN as a new candidate gene for DD and indicate that NCAN variants affect brain structure.
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| 2. |
- Fawcett, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Individual differences in pupil dilation to others’ emotional and neutral eyes with varying pupil sizes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cognition & Emotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9931 .- 1464-0600. ; 36:5, s. 928-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sensitivity to others’ emotional signals is an important factor for social interaction. While many studies of emotional reactivity focus on facial emotional expressions, signals such as pupil dilation which can indicate arousal, may also affect observers. For example, observers’ pupils dilate when viewing someone with dilated pupils, so-called pupillary contagion. Yet it is unclear how pupil size and emotional expression interact as signals. Further, examining individual differences in emotional reactivity to others can shed light on its mechanisms and potential outcomes. In the current study, adults’ (N = 453) pupil size was assessed while they viewed images of the eye region of individuals varying in emotional expression (neutral, happy, sad, fearful, angry) and pupil size (large, medium, small). Participants showed pupillary contagion regardless of the emotional expression. Individual differences in demographics (gender, age, socioeconomic status) and psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, sleep problems) were also examined, yet the only factor related to pupillary contagion was socioeconomic status, with higher socioeconomic status predicting less pupillary contagion for emotionally-neutral stimuli. The results suggest that while pupillary contagion is a robust phenomenon, it can vary meaningfully across individuals.
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| 3. |
- Härkönen, Juho, et al.
(författare)
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Education is the strongest socio-economic predictor of smoking in pregnancy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 113:6, s. 1117-1126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate socio-economic disparities in smoking in pregnancy (SIP) by the mother's education, occupational class and current economic conditions. Design Cross-sectional analysis with linked survey and register data. Setting South-western Finland. Participants A total of 2667 pregnant women [70% of the original sample (n=3808)] from FinnBrain, a prospective pregnancy cohort study. Measurements The outcome was smoking during the first pregnancy trimester, measured from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Education and occupational class were linked from population registers. Income support recipiency and subjective economic wellbeing were questionnaire-based measures of current economic conditions. These were adjusted for age, partnership status, residential area type, parental separation, parity, childhood socio-economic background, childhood adversities (the Trauma and Distressing Events During Childhood scale) and antenatal stress (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Logistic regressions and attributable fractions (AF) were estimated. Findings Mother's education was the strongest socio-economic predictor of SIP. Compared with university education, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of SIP were: 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-3.9; P=0.011] for tertiary vocational education, 4.4 (95% CI=2.1-9.0; P<0.001) for combined general and vocational secondary education, 2.9 (95% CI=1.4-6.1; P=0.006) for general secondary education, 9.5 (95% CI 5.0-18.2; P<0.001) for vocational secondary education and 14.4 (95% CI=6.3-33.0; P<0.001) for compulsory schooling. The total AF of education was 0.5. Adjusted for the other variables, occupational class and subjective economic wellbeing did not predict SIP. Income support recipiency was associated positively with SIP (aOR=1.8; 95% CI=1.1-3.1; P=0.022). Antenatal stress predicted SIP (aOR=2.0; 95% CI=1.4-2.8; P<0.001), but did not attenuate its socio-economic disparities. Conclusions In Finland, socio-economic disparities in smoking in pregnancy are attributable primarily to differences in the mother's educational level (low versus high) and orientation (vocational versus general).
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| 4. |
- Kotimäki, Sanni, et al.
(författare)
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Educational differences in prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms and the role of childhood circumstances
- 2020
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Ingår i: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite interest in unequal maternal and child health, previous research has not focused on educational differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy, although they threaten maternal and child wellbeing. Using the prospective FinnBrain Cohort Study data on 2763 pregnant women over the three pregnancy trimesters and Finnish register data, we estimated multilevel regressions to describe educational differences in prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms and to analyze whether they can be explained by socioeconomic background, parental mental disorders and adverse experiences during childhood. Prenatal anxiety was measured by the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-anxiety subscale) and depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The results showed less anxiety and depressive symptoms among more educated pregnant women. In accounting for the educational differences, we found support for both the social selection and the social causation perspectives. Adverse childhood experiences partly explained the educational differences, highlighting the role of an undisturbed childhood environment in prenatal mental health disparities. Results from the regression models as well as sensitivity analyses also suggested that education is likely to buffer against prenatal distress.
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| 5. |
- Lindberg, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between maternal socioeconomic, psychosocial and seasonal factors, infant characteristics and human milk cortisol concentrations
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Biology. - : Wiley. - 1042-0533 .- 1520-6300. ; 33:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesGlucocorticoids are one component of human milk (HM) potentially affecting offspring development. Previous studies have identified various maternal, obstetric and socioeconomic characteristics that are associated with HM cortisol concentration but the literature is still scarce concerning these determinants in human populations. We aimed to identify which factors are linked with HM cortisol concentration at 2 months postpartum.MethodsWe analyzed data from 340 lactating Finnish mothers using ordinary least squares regression with log-transformed HM cortisol concentration as the dependent variable. Potential predictors included obstetric and maternal factors (maternal age, parity status, delivery mode, gestational age, pre-pregnancy obesity, and smoking in pregnancy), socioeconomic status (education and socioeconomic class), subjective economic well-being, maternal psychosocial factors (postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms), infant sex and age, and HM sample characteristics (time of the day and season of the year at sample collection).ResultsThe strongest and most robust predictors were season of the year of sample collection and parity status. HM cortisol concentration was significantly higher for primiparas than multiparas. HM samples collected in summer showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations than those collected in winter, spring or autumn.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that parity and season of the year at sample collection may be important factors to control for when examining HM cortisol. The strongest and most robust associations were related to maternal and sample characteristics and not to socioeconomic and psychosocial distress. This may be related to the fact that the study was conducted in a low-risk population.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Mattsson, Johanna Sofia Margareta, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Inconsistent results in the analysis of ALK rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identification of targetable EML4-ALK fusion proteins has revolutionized the treatment of a minor subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is regarded as the gold standard for detection of ALK rearrangements, ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often used as screening tool in clinical practice. In order to unbiasedly analyze the diagnostic impact of such a screening strategy, we compared ALK IHC with ALK FISH in three large representative Swedish NSCLC cohorts incorporating clinical parameters and gene expression data.Methods: ALK rearrangements were detected using FISH on tissue microarrays (TMAs), including tissue from 851 NSCLC patients. In parallel, ALK protein expression was detected using IHC, applying the antibody clone D5F3 with two different protocols (the FDA approved Ventana CDx assay and our in house Dako IHC protocol). Gene expression microarray data (Affymetrix) was available for 194 patients.Results: ALK rearrangements were detected in 1.7% in the complete cohort and 2.0% in the non-squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. ALK protein expression was observed in 1.9% and 1.5% when applying the Ventana assay or the in house Dako protocol, respectively. The specificity and accuracy of IHC was high (>99%), while the sensitivity was between 69% (Ventana) and 62% (in house Dako protocol). Furthermore, only 67% of the ALK IHC positive cases were positive in both IHC assays. Gene expression analysis revealed that 6/194 (3%) tumors showed high ALK gene expression (≥6AU) and of them only three were positive by either FISH or IHC.Conclusion: The overall frequency of ALK rearrangements based on FISH was lower than previously reported. The sensitivity of both IHC assays was low, and the concordance between the FISH and the IHC assays poor, questioning current strategies to screen with IHC prior to FISH or completely replace FISH by IHC.
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| 8. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 9. |
- Porthan, Elviira, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood trauma and fear of childbirth : findings from a birth cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archives of Women's Mental Health. - 1434-1816 .- 1435-1102. ; 26:4, s. 523-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate if experiencing childhood trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect, or sexual abuse) or a greater total burden of childhood trauma increase the risk of fear of childbirth (FOC). This study included 2556 women living in Southwest Finland. Women were recruited during routine ultrasound visits at gestational week (gwk) 12. Experiencing childhood trauma was assessed in retrospect with the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) questionnaire completed at gwk 14. Information on the diagnosis of FOC (ICD-10 diagnosis O99.80) was obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Associations between childhood trauma (domains and total TADS score) and FOC were analyzed with logistic regression in unadjusted and adjusted models. Emotional abuse (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10–1.42), emotional neglect (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.46), and a greater total burden of trauma (TADS total score) (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.10) increased the risk for FOC. We found no evidence for physical abuse (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.32), physical neglect (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.92–1.22), and sexual abuse (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99–1.56) associating with FOC. Childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and a greater total burden of childhood trauma increase the risk for FOC. However, the childhood traumatic events were inquired in retrospect, which could distort the events.
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| 10. |
- Tuulari, Jetro J., et al.
(författare)
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Neural correlates of gentle skin stroking in early infancy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-9293 .- 1878-9307. ; 35, s. 36-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical expressions of affection play a foundational role in early brain development, but the neural correlates of affective touch processing in infancy remain unclear. We examined brain responses to gentle skin stroking, a type of tactile stimulus associated with affectionate touch, in young infants. Thirteen term-born infants aged 11-36. days, recruited through the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, were included in the study. Soft brush strokes, which activate brain regions linked to somatosensory as well as socio-affective processing in children and adults, were applied to the skin of the right leg during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined infant brain responses in two regions-of-interest (ROIs) known to process gentle skin stroking - the postcentral gyrus and posterior insular cortex - and found significant responses in both ROIs. These results suggest that the neonate brain is responsive to gentle skin stroking within the first weeks of age, and that regions linked to primary somatosensory as well as socio-affective processing are activated. Our findings support the notion that social touch may play an important role in early life sensory processing. Future research will elucidate the significance of these findings for human brain development.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Neurocognitive processes underlying heuristic and normative probability judgments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cognition. - : ELSEVIER. - 0010-0277 .- 1873-7838. ; 196, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Judging two events in combination (A&B) as more probable than one of the events (A) is known as a conjunction fallacy. According to dual-process explanations of human judgment and decision making, the fallacy is due to the application of a heuristic, associative cognitive process. Avoiding the fallacy has been suggested to require the recruitment of a separate process that can apply normative rules. We investigated these assumptions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during conjunction tasks. Judgments, whether correct or not, engaged a network of brain regions identical to that engaged during similarity judgments. Avoidance of the conjunction fallacy additionally, and uniquely, involved a fronto-parietal network previously linked to supervisory, analytic control processes. The results lend credibility to the idea that incorrect probability judgments are the result of a representativeness heuristic that requires additional neurocognitive resources to avoid.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Sara-Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles as Regulating Power Providers - Case Studies of Sweden and Germany
- 2010
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 38:6, s. 2751-2762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as providers of regulating power in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary frequency control. Previous studies have shown that PHEVs could generate substantial profits while providing ancillary services. This study investigates under what conditions PHEVs can generate revenues using actual market data, i.e. prices and activations of regulating power, from Sweden and Germany from four months in 2008. PHEV market participation is modelled for individual vehicles in a fleet subject to a simulated movement pattern. Costs for infrastructure and vehicle-to-grid equipment are not included in the analysis. The simulation results indicate that maximum average profits generated on the German markets are in the range 30–80 h per vehicle and month whereas the Swedish regulating power markets give no profit.In addition, an analysis is performed to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of PHEVs as regulating power providers. Based on the simulation results and the SWOT analysis, characteristics for an ideal regulating power market for PHEVs are presented.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Backer, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics of the BREATHE cohort–a real-life study on patients with asthma and COPD
- 2020
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Ingår i: European clinical respiratory journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The BREATHE study is a cross-sectional study of real-life patients with asthma and/or COPD in Denmark and Sweden aiming to increase the knowledge across severities and combinations of obstructive airway disease. Design: Patients with suspicion of asthma and/or COPD and healthy controls were invited to participate in the study and had a standard evaluation performed consisting of questionnaires, physical examination, FeNO and lung function, mannitol provocation test, allergy test, and collection of sputum and blood samples. A subgroup of patients and healthy controls had a bronchoscopy performed with a collection of airway samples. Results: The study population consisted of 1403 patients with obstructive airway disease (859 with asthma, 271 with COPD, 126 with concurrent asthma and COPD, 147 with other), and 89 healthy controls (smokers and non-smokers). Of patients with asthma, 54% had moderate-to-severe disease and 46% had mild disease. In patients with COPD, 82% had groups A and B, whereas 18% had groups C and D classified disease. Patients with asthma more frequently had childhood asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, compared to patients with COPD, asthma + COPD and Other, whereas FeNO levels were higher in patients with asthma and asthma + COPD compared to COPD and Other (18 ppb and 16 ppb vs 12.5 ppb and 14 ppb, p < 0.001). Patients with asthma, asthma + COPD and Other had higher sputum eosinophilia (1.5%, 1.5%, 1.2% vs 0.75%, respectively, p < 0.001) but lower sputum neutrophilia (39.3, 43.5%, 40.8% vs 66.8%, p < 0.001) compared to patients with COPD. Conclusions: The BREATHE study provides a unique database and biobank with clinical information and samples from 1403 real-life patients with asthma, COPD, and overlap representing different severities of the diseases. This research platform is highly relevant for disease phenotype- and biomarker studies aiming to describe a broad spectrum of obstructive airway diseases.
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| 17. |
- Beck, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Detectability of new psychoactive substances, 'legal highs', in CEDIA, EMIT, and KIMS immunochemical screening assays for drugs of abuse
- 2014
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Ingår i: Drug Testing and Analysis. - : Wiley. - 1942-7611 .- 1942-7603. ; 6:5, s. 492-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing number of new psychoactive substances made available for recreational drug use has created a challenge for clinical toxicology and drug testing laboratories. As a consequence, the routine immunoassay drug testing may become less effective due to an increased occurrence of false negative and false positive screening results. This work aimed to extend the knowledge about analytical cross-reactivity of new substances in selected CEDIA, EMIT, and KIMS immunoassays for drugs-of-abuse screening. Urine standards were prepared by spiking blank urine with 45 new substances. Authentic urine samples from intoxication cases identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were also studied. Several new psychoactive substances were demonstrated to display cross-reactivity in the immunoassays. CEDIA Amphetamine/Ecstasy and EMIT d.a.u. Amphetamine Class tests showed the highest reactivity towards the new drugs, which was expected since many have amphetamine-like structure and activity. In the samples from authentic cases, five new substances displayed 100% detection rate in the CEDIA Amphetamine/Ecstasy test. In conclusion, cross-reactivity data in routine urine drug screening immunoassays for a number of new psychoactive substances not studied before were reported. In both spiked and authentic urine samples, some new substances showed significant cross-reactivity and are thus detectable in the routine screening methods. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Bergstrand, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-mechanistic PK/PD modeling of Paracetamol and Sulfapyridine to characterize pharmacological effects on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paracetamol (PCM) and sulfapyridine (SP) double marker technique is based on combined gastric administration of PCM and sulfasalazine followed by plasma concentration measurements for PCM and SP. PCM is rapidly absorbed from the duodenum and can be regarded as a marker for gastric emptying (GE). Sulfasalazine is poorly absorbed from the small intestine but is extensively metabolized in the colon by bacteria into SP. As SP is only absorbed from the colon it serves as a marker for small intestinal transit time (SITT). The double marker method is used to identify and characterize effects on GE and SITT. The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate how semi-mechanistic modeling of PCM and SP could facilitate characterization and the understanding of pharmacologically induced changes in GI transit under fed and fasting conditions. Two double marker validation studies were performed in dogs with erythromycin (1 mg/kg) and atropine (0.06 mg/kg), both of which have been described to affect GE and SITT. A semi-mechanistic nonlinear mixed-effects model was applied for simultaneous analysis of PCM and SP plasma concentrations. The model featured a compartment representing the stomach linked to a colon compartment via a series of four transit compartments representing the small intestine. Disposition of PCM and SP was described with standard 2- and 1-compartment models respectively. An essential part of the model was the inclusion of saturable first pass metabolism of PCM. This has been described before, but never taken into account when using PCM as a marker for GE. The effect of concomitant food intake on GE and SITT was found to be time dependent. Atropine and erythromycin were found to have time/concentration dependent effects on GE and SITT. As expected, erythromycin stimulated and atropine inhibited GE in the fasting state. Given the saturable first pass metabolism this resulted in almost twice as high bioavailability for PCM in erythromycin treated dogs (90%) as in atropine treated dogs (50%). Atropine treatment was primarily found to counteract the stimulatory effect of food intake on SITT, whereas erythromycin prolonged SITT under both fed and fasting conditions. Simultaneous modeling of PCM and SP was found to increase mechanistic understanding and result in plausible estimates of GE and SITT.
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| 19. |
- Bergström, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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SCATTERING OF RADAR WAVES ON AEROSOLS IN PLASMAS
- 2015
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN ROCKET AND BALLOON. - 9789292212940 ; , s. 87-94
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the physical mechanisms of phenomena such as polar mesospheric summer echoes, the SCRAP (Scattering of Radar waves on Aerosols in Plasmas) experiment aimed to validate theories on density fluctuations in dusty plasmas. The SCRAP team developed two identical free falling units (FFUs) designed to create a cloud of copper particles once they eject from the REXUS17 sounding rocket 124 seconds after launch. By using the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar system to observe the cloud, the SCRAP experiment proposed to relate theoretical predictions to a controlled object. The SCRAP experiment was launched from ESRANGE on March the 17th 2015. The FFUs GPS signal was lost during launch and the units were therefore not found. Moreover, no backscattering from the copper cloud was observed by the radar.
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| 20. |
- Carlzon, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Extreme weather affects Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) breeding success in South Greenland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ornis Hungarica. - Budapest : Birdlife Hungary. - 1215-1610 .- 2061-9588. ; 26:2, s. 38-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to better understand the potential effects of climate change on the Peregrine Falcon, we investigated the relationship between extreme weather events and Peregrines’ breeding success in South Greenland. We defined three variables – number of days with extremely low temperatures, extreme precipitation, consecutive rainy days – and an additive variable, total days with extreme weather, and tested their relationship with Peregrines’ breeding success (measured as young per site and nest success) over a 33 year study period. Breeding success was negatively influenced by the number of days with extreme weather and extremely low temperature. The strongest relationship found was total days with extreme weather in the entire breeding season, which explained 22% and 27% of the variation in nest success and young per site, respectively. The number of days with extreme weather in our study related to fluctuations in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Thus, with a strengthening of the NAO, linked to climate change, more extreme weather may occur in the Arctic and induce increased variation in Peregrines’ breeding success. Our data did not allow us to pinpoint when in the breeding cycle inclement weather was particularly harmful, and we recommend finer-scale research (e.g. automated nest cameras) to better monitor the species-specific effects of rapidly changing climate.
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| 21. |
- Castro Dopico, Xaquin, et al.
(författare)
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Probabilistic classification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses improves seroprevalence estimates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology (CTI). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2050-0068. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Population-level measures of seropositivity are critical for understanding the epidemiology of an emerging pathogen, yet most antibody tests apply a strict cutoff for seropositivity that is not learnt in a data-driven manner, leading to uncertainty when classifying low-titer responses. To improve upon this, we evaluated cutoff-independent methods for their ability to assign likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity to individual samples. Methods: Using robust ELISAs based on SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), we profiled antibody responses in a group of SARS-CoV-2 PCR+ individuals (n = 138). Using these data, we trained probabilistic learners to assign likelihood of seropositivity to test samples of unknown serostatus (n = 5100), identifying a support vector machines-linear discriminant analysis learner (SVM-LDA) suited for this purpose. Results: In the training data from confirmed ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infections, 99% of participants had detectable anti-S and -RBD IgG in the circulation, with titers differing > 1000-fold between persons. In data of otherwise healthy individuals, 7.2% (n = 367) of samples were of uncertain serostatus, with values in the range of 3-6SD from the mean of pre-pandemic negative controls (n = 595). In contrast, SVM-LDA classified 6.4% (n = 328) of test samples as having a high likelihood (> 99% chance) of past infection, 4.5% (n = 230) to have a 50–99% likelihood, and 4.0% (n = 203) to have a 10–49% likelihood. As different probabilistic approaches were more consistent with each other than conventional SD-based methods, such tools allow for more statistically-sound seropositivity estimates in large cohorts. Conclusion: Probabilistic antibody testing frameworks can improve seropositivity estimates in populations with large titer variability.
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| 22. |
- Eckerdal, Patricia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Delineating the Association between Heavy Postpartum Haemorrhage and Postpartum Depression
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo explore the association between postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and postpartum depression (PPD), taking into account the role of postpartum anaemia, delivery experience and psychiatric history.MethodsA nested cohort study (n = 446), based on two population-based cohorts in Uppsala, Sweden. Exposed individuals were defined as having a bleeding of ≥1000ml (n = 196) at delivery, and non-exposed individuals as having bleeding of <650ml (n = 250). Logistic regression models with PPD symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS) score ≥ 12) as the outcome variable and PPH, anaemia, experience of delivery, mood during pregnancy and other confounders as exposure variables were undertaken. Path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling was also conducted.ResultsThere was no association between PPH and PPD symptoms. A positive association was shown between anaemia at discharge from the maternity ward and the development of PPD symptoms, even after controlling for plausible confounders (OR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.15–4.58). Path analysis revealed significant roles for anaemia at discharge, negative self-reported delivery experience, depressed mood during pregnancy and postpartum stressors in increasing the risk for PPD.ConclusionThis study proposes important roles for postpartum anaemia, negative experience of delivery and mood during pregnancy in explaining the development of depressive symptoms after PPH.
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| 23. |
- Eckerdal, Patricia, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Epidural analgesia during Childbirth and Postpartum depressive symptoms : A population-based longitudinal cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and Analgesia. - 0003-2999 .- 1526-7598. ; 130:3, s. 615-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Severe pain has been linked to depression, which raises the question of whether epidural analgesia (EDA) during childbirth is associated with a reduced risk of postpartum depression (PPD). This association has been explored previously, but the studies were restricted by small sample sizes and the inability to control for relevant confounders. This study aimed to investigate the association between the administration of EDA and the development of PPD after adjusting for sociodemographic, psychosocial, and obstetric variables.METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition (BASIC) project (2009-2017), a population-based longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women conducted at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. The outcome was PPD at 6 weeks postpartum, defined as a score of >= 12 points on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Information was collected through medical records and self-reported web-based questionnaires during pregnancy and 6 weeks after childbirth. Only primiparous women with spontaneous start of childbirth were included (n = 1503). The association between EDA and PPD was examined in multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, psychosocial, and obstetric variables. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Of the 1503 women included in the analysis, 800 (53%) reported use of EDA during childbirth. PPD at 6 weeks postpartum was present in 193 (13%) women. EDA was not associated with higher odds of PPD at 6 weeks postpartum after adjusting for suspected confounders (age, fear of childbirth, antenatal depressive symptoms; adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.87-1.72).CONCLUSIONS: EDA was not associated with the risk of PPD at 6 weeks postpartum after adjusting for sociodemographic, psychosocial, and obstetric variables. However, these findings do not preclude a potential association between PPD and childbirth pain or other aspects of EDA that were not assessed in this study.
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| 24. |
- Eckerdal, Patricia, 1972-
(författare)
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Perinatal Complications: Associations with Postpartum depressive symptoms and Neuroticism
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Even though most pregnancies and deliveries are uncomplicated, still fifteen percent of all women in developed countries suffer pregnancy-related complications. The aim of this thesis was to explore the associations between perinatal complications and perinatal maternal health, with emphasis on postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) and neuroticism taking into account potential confounding or mediating factors such as history of depression, antenatal depressive symptoms and delivery experience.In the first study (n=446), the association between heavy postpartum haemorrhage and PPDS at six weeks postpartum was delineated by using path-analysis in order to provide insight into the complex mediating roles of several consequences of postpartum haemorrhage. There was no direct association between postpartum haemorrhage and PPDS, only an indirect one via anaemia at discharge and negative delivery experience.The second study (n=3888) examined the association of mode of delivery with PPDS at 6 weeks postpartum. The results indicate that the association between elective caesarean section and PPDS is highly confounded by history of depression and fear of delivery, while emergency caesarean section and vacuum extraction increase odds for PPDS by leading to postpartum complications and negative delivery experience.The third study (n=1503) investigated the association between the use of epidural analgesia during delivery and PPDS. A positive association in the crude analysis was no longer present after adjustment for sociodemographic, psychosocial and obstetrical variables, indicating that pain relief through epidural analgesia is not likely to affect risk for PPDS.In the last study (n=1969), the association between neuroticism and perinatal complications was explored. Neuroticism was not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, except for gestational diabetes mellitus. The association, however, became statistically non-significant after adjusting for psychiatric morbidity.In summary, the current studies do no find evidence for a direct association between perinatal complications and postpartum depressive symptoms or neuroticism. However, several important mediators have been identified, among which postpartum anaemia and negative delivery experience deserve special attention. Also, earlier psychiatric history needs to be addressed as an important confounder.
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| 25. |
- Gericke, Sabrina Maria, et al.
(författare)
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In Situ H2 Reduction of Al2O3-Supported Ni- and Mo-Based Catalysts
- 2022
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Ingår i: Catalysts. - : MDPI. - 2073-4344. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel (Ni)-promoted Molybdenum (Mo)-based catalysts are used for hydrotreatment processes in the chemical industry where the catalysts are exposed to high-pressure H2 at elevated temperature. In this environment, the catalyst transforms into the active phase, which involves the reduction of the oxide. Here, we report on the first in situ study on the reduction of alumina supported Ni- and Mo-based catalysts in 1 mbar H2 using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS). The study confirms that mixing Ni and Mo lowers the reduction temperature of both Ni- and Mo-oxide as compared to the monometallic catalysts and shows that the MoO3 reduction starts at a lower temperature than the reduction of NiO in NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts. Additionally, the reduction of Ni and Mo foil was directly compared to the reduction of the Al2O3-supported catalysts and it was observed that the reduction of the supported catalysts is more gradual than the reduction of the foils, indicating a strong interaction between the Ni/Mo and the alumina support. © 2022 by the authors.
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| 26. |
- Gustavsson, Emil, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Modulation of Structural Heterogeneity Controls Phytochrome Photoswitching
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 118:2, s. 415-421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes sense red/far-red light and control many biological processes in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Although the crystal structures of dark- and light-adapted states have been determined, the molecular mechanisms underlying photoactivation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved tongue region of the PHY domain of a 57-kDa photosensory module of Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome changes from a structurally heterogeneous dark state to an ordered, light-activated state. The results were obtained in solution by utilizing a laser-triggered activation approach detected on the atomic level with high-resolution protein NMR spectroscopy. The data suggest that photosignaling of phytochromes relies on careful modulation of structural heterogeneity of the PHY tongue.
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| 27. |
- Hanell, Linnea, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Här är årets nyordsdos
- 2022
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - 1654-5028. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
- Hanell, Linnea, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Orden som gjorde raketkarriär!
- 2023
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - 1654-5028. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 29. |
- Hanell, Linnea, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi slår på trumman för årets nyord!
- 2024
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - 1654-5028. ; :1, s. 14-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
- Hansson, Caroline, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of ghrelin on the central serotonergic signaling system in mice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuropharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0028-3908. ; 79, s. 498-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The central ghrelin signaling system engages key pathways of importance for feeding control, recently shown to include those engaged in anxiety-like behavior in rodents. Here we sought to determine whether ghrelin impacts on the central serotonin system, which has an important role in anxiety. We focused on two brain areas, the amygdala (of importance for the mediation of fear and anxiety) and the dorsal raphe (i.e. the site of origin of major afferent serotonin pathways, including those that project to the amygdala). In these brain areas, we measured serotonergic turnover (using HPLC) and the mRNA expression of a number of serotonin-related genes (using real-time PCR). We found that acute central administration of ghrelin to mice increased the serotonergic turnover in the amygdala. It also increased the mRNA expression of a number of serotonin receptors, both in the amygdala and in the dorsal raphe. Studies in ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) knock-out mice showed a decreased mRNA expression of serotonergic receptors in both the amygdala and the dorsal raphe, relative to their wild-type littermates. We conclude that the central serotonin system is a target for ghrelin, providing a candidate neurochemical substrate of importance for ghrelin's effects on mood. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
- Hellgren, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based study of non-infectious rhinitis in relation to occupational exposure, age, sex, and smoking
- 2002
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Ingår i: Am J Ind Med. ; 42:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMany types of occupational exposure are associated with the risk of non-infectious rhinitis. We investigate the risk factors for this association.MethodsA random population of 2,044 subjects (aged 21-51) answered a questionnaire that was comprised of detailed questions on occupational exposure, nasal complaints, and smoking. NIR was defined as the sensation of nasal blockage and/or attacks of sneezing without having a cold. The incidence rates for NIR among exposed and unexposed were calculated. In the different exposed groups, only NIR with onset after the start of exposure was regarded as exposed. If a subject reported NIR before the relevant exposure started, he/she was excluded from that analysis. Relative risks (RR) were calculated as incidence rate ratios. Odds ratios controlling for smoking, age, and atopy were also calculated.ResultsThe incidence rate for NIR was 13.5/1,000 person-years. Males exposed to fire fumes (RR 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-4.1), women exposed to paper dust (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.9), and male cleaners (RR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9-5.1) displayed an increased risk of developing NIR. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of NIR for both sexes.ConclusionExposure to several occupational irritants is associated with a higher risk of developing NIR. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:23-28, 2002.
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| 32. |
- Ilgunas, Aurelija, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing the clinical decision-making process in managing temporomandibular disorders : a qualitative study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 129:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) appears to be more challenging than for other dental conditions. This study aimed to explore the decision-making process in TMD management, and thereby to conceptualize the decision-making process in dentistry. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted during 2018 and 2019 with a purposive sample of 22 general dental practitioners from the Public Dental Healthcare Services and private practices in the Region of Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. The interviews were analysed using the Grounded Theory approach of Charmaz. Data analysis resulted in the core category 'Combining own competence and others' expectations in the desire to do the right thing'. The dentists showed interest in and a desire to apply professional knowledge, but also reflected on challenges and complexity in the decision-making process forTMD. The challenges were primarily related to organisational factors and lack of self-confidence. This identifies a need for re-organisation of daily clinical management in dentistry, and a need for more postgraduate training to improve self-confidence. The complexity of the decision-making process for TMD makes the study findings applicable in other dental situations.
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| 33. |
- Ingelshed, Katrine, et al.
(författare)
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The MDM2 Inhibitor Navtemadlin Arrests Mouse Melanoma Growth In Vivo and Potentiates Radiotherapy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research Communications. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 2767-9764. ; 2:9, s. 1075-1088
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tumor suppressor protein p53 is mutated in close to 50% of human tumors and is dysregulated in many others, for instance by silencing or loss of p14ARF. Under steady-state conditions, the two E3 ligases MDM2/MDM4 interact with and inhibit the transcriptional activity of p53. Inhibition of p53–MDM2/4 interaction to reactivate p53 in tumors with wild-type (WT) p53 has therefore been considered a therapeutic strategy. Moreover, studies indicate that p53 reactivation may synergize with radiation and increase tumor immunogenicity. In vivo studies of most MDM2 inhibitors have utilized immunodeficient xenograft mouse models, preventing detailed studies of action of these molecules on the immune response. The mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 carries functional, WT p53 but does not express the MDM2 regulator p19ARF. In this study, we tested a p53-MDM2 protein–protein interaction inhibitor, the small molecule Navtemadlin, which is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials. Using mass spectrometry–based proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, we identified specific protein expression patterns following Navtemadlin treatment of B16-F10 melanoma cells compared with their p53 CRISPR-inactivated control cells. In vitro, Navtemadlin induced a significant, p53-dependent, growth arrest but little apoptosis in B16-F10 cells. When combined with radiotherapy, Navtemadlin showed synergistic effects and increased apoptosis. In vivo, Navtemadlin treatment significantly reduced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. Our data highlight the utility of a syngeneic B16-F10 p53+/+ mouse melanoma model for assessing existing and novel p53-MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors and in identifying new combination therapies that can efficiently eliminate tumors in vivo.Significance:The MDM2 inhibitor Navtemadlin arrests mouse tumor growth and potentiates radiotherapy. Our results support a threshold model for apoptosis induction that requires a high, prolonged p53 signaling for cancer cells to become apoptotic.
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| 34. |
- Isaksson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Expression screening of membrane proteins with cell-free protein synthesis.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Protein expression and purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0279 .- 1046-5928. ; 82:1, s. 218-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed biophysical studies of integral membrane proteins are often hampered by sample preparation difficulties. Membrane proteins are typically difficult to express in sufficient amounts to enable the use of demanding techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography for structural biology. Here, we show that an inexpensive batch-based cell-free expression system can be a viable alternative for production of a wide range of different membrane proteins, both of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin. Out of 38 tested protein constructs, 37 express at levels suitable for structural biology, i.e. enough to produce several milligrams of protein routinely and without excessive costs. This success rate was not anticipated and is even more impressive considering that more than half of the expressed proteins where of mammalian origin. A detergent screen identified Brij-58 as the, in general, most successful choice for co-translational solubilization of the expressed proteins.
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| 35. |
- Isaksson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Efficient NMR Assignment of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Application to B- and T Cell Receptor Domains
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an integrated approach for efficient characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins. Batch cell-free expression, fast data acquisition, automated analysis, and statistical validation with data resampling have been combined for achieving cost-effective protein expression, and rapid automated backbone assignment. The new methodology is applied for characterization of five cytosolic domains from T- and B-cell receptors in solution.
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| 36. |
- Isaksson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Signaling Mechanism of Phytochromes in Solution.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-4186 .- 0969-2126. ; 29:2, s. 151-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochrome proteins guide the red/far-red photoresponse of plants, fungi, and bacteria. Crystal structures suggest that the mechanism of signal transduction from the chromophore to the output domains involves refolding of the so-called PHY tongue. It is currently not clear how the two other notable structural features of the phytochrome superfamily, the so-called helical spine and a knot in the peptide chain, are involved in photoconversion. Here, we present solution NMR data of the complete photosensory core module from Deinococcus radiodurans. Photoswitching between the resting and the active states induces changes in amide chemical shifts, residual dipolar couplings, and relaxation dynamics. All observables indicate a photoinduced structural change in the knot region and lower part of the helical spine. This implies that a conformational signal is transduced from the chromophore to the helical spine through the PAS and GAF domains. The discovered pathway underpins functional studies of plant phytochromes and may explain photosensing by phytochromes under biological conditions.
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| 37. |
- Jonsson, Bert, Professor, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Creative Mathematical Reasoning : Does Need for Cognition Matter?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large portion of mathematics education centers heavily around imitative reasoning and rote learning, raising concerns about students’ lack of deeper and conceptual understanding of mathematics. To address these concerns, there has been a growing focus on students learning and teachers teaching methods that aim to enhance conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. One suggestion is allowing students to construct their own solution methods using creative mathematical reasoning (CMR), a method that in previous studies has been contrasted against algorithmic reasoning (AR) with positive effects on test tasks. Although previous studies have evaluated the effects of CMR, they have ignored if and to what extent intrinsic cognitive motivation play a role. This study investigated the effects of intrinsic cognitive motivation to engage in cognitive strenuous mathematical tasks, operationalized through Need for Cognition (NFC), and working memory capacity (WMC). Two independent groups, consisting of upper secondary students (N = 137, mean age 17.13, SD = 0.62, 63 boys and 74 girls), practiced non-routine mathematical problem solving with CMR and AR tasks and were tested 1 week later. An initial t-test confirmed that the CMR group outperformed the AR group. Structural equation modeling revealed that NFC was a significant predictor of math performance for the CMR group but not for the AR group. The results also showed that WMC was a strong predictor of math performance independent of group. These results are discussed in terms of allowing for time and opportunities for struggle with constructing own solution methods using CMR, thereby enhancing students conceptual understanding.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Juslin, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Information integration in multiple-cue judgment : A division of labor hypothesis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-0277 .- 1873-7838. ; 106:1, s. 258-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is considerable evidence that judgment is constrained to additive integration of information. The authors propose an explanation of why serial and additive cognitive integration can produce accurate multiple cue judgment both in additive and non-additive environments in terms of an adaptive division of labor between multiple representations. It is hypothesized that, whereas the additive, independent linear effect of each cue can be explicitly abstracted and integrated by a serial, additive judgment process, a variety of sophisticated task properties, like non-additive cue combination, non-linear relations, and inter-cue correlation, are carried implicitly by exemplar memory. Three experiments investigating the effect of additive versus non-additive cue combination verify the predicted shift in cognitive representations as a function of the underlying combination rule.
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| 41. |
- Karlsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Gene Expression Profiling of Large Cell Lung Cancer Links Transcriptional Phenotypes to the New Histological WHO 2015 Classification
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 12:8, s. 1257-1267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Large cell lung cancer (LCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) constitute a small proportion of NSCLC. The WHO 2015 classification guidelines changed the definition of the debated histological subtype LCLC to be based on immunomarkers for adenocarcinoma and squamous cancer. We sought to determine whether these new guidelines also translate into the transcriptional landscape of lung cancer, and LCLC specifically.Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed by using Illumina V4 HT12 microarrays (Illumina, San Diego, CA) on samples from 159 cases (comprising all histological subtypes, including 10 classified as LCLC WHO 2015 and 14 classified as LCNEC according to the WHO 2015 guidelines), with complimentary mutational and immunohistochemical data. Derived transcriptional phenotypes were validated in 199 independent tumors, including six WHO 2015 LCLCs and five LCNECs.Results: Unsupervised analysis of gene expression data identified a phenotype comprising 90% of WHO 2015 LCLC tumors, with characteristics of poorly differentiated proliferatiVe cancer, a 90% tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) mutation rate, and lack of well-known NSCLC oncogene driver alterations. Validation in independent data confirmed aggregation of WHO 2015 LCLCs in the specific phenotype. For LCNEC tumors, the unsupervised gene expression analysis suggested two different transcriptional patterns corresponding to a proposed genetic division of LCNEC tumors into SCLC-like and NSCLC-like cancer on the basis of TP53 and retinoblastoma 1 gene (RB1) alteration patterns.Conclusions: Refined classification of LCLC has implications for diagnosis, prognostics, and therapy decisions. Our molecular analyses support the WHO 2015 classification of LCLC and LCNEC tumors, which herein follow different tumorigenic paths and can accordingly be stratified into different transcriptional subgroups, thus linking diagnostic immunohistochemical staining driven classification with the transcriptional landscape of lung cancer.
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| 42. |
- Karlsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and Depression Treatment in a Population-Based Study of Individuals Over 60 Years Old Without Dementia
- 2016
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 24:8, s. 615-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression in a population-based sample of older adults, and to identify the individual profile of people who received depression treatment. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Central area (Kungsholmen) in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants: A randomized population-based sample of individuals aged 60 years and older (N = 3,084) without dementia from the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen examined between 2001 and 2004. Measurements: Experienced physicians carried out a semi-structured psychiatric examination including the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria. Information regarding drug treatment and psychotherapy was collected during the examination and is based on self-report. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.9% (major depression: 0.8%, minor depression: 5.1%). In the total sample, 8.3% were prescribed an antidepressant and 0.9% were treated with psychotherapy. Among individuals with depression, fewer than one-third received treatment with psychotherapy or antidepressants, but almost half were prescribed anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs. Individuals with self-reported depression and anxiety were more likely to receive depression treatment whereas individuals with depression who reported insomnia were less likely to receive depression treatment. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that even in a central urban area of a country with an advanced healthcare system depression in old age is often unrecognized and untreated. In addition, almost half of those with depression received potentially inappropriate drug treatment with anxiolytics or hypnotics.
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| 43. |
- Karlsson-Good, Magnus, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing accessibility to iCBT for depression : A randomised controlled trial of condensed versus standard length treatment
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Research show that internet-based CBT (iCBT) is an effective treatment for depression. However, little is known about how length of treatment text material affect outcomes. Accessibility to treatment would improve if treatment could be presented with less text, especially for patients with ADHD symptoms and lower reading speed.Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a Condensed treatment would be non-inferior to a Full-length treatment. We further hypothesized that a Condensed treatment would be extra helpful for participants with a low reading speed and more ADHD symptoms.Method: A single-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted (N = 267) comparing two versions of guided iCBT for depression; Full-length (60 000 words) and Condensed (30 000 words). Estimated between-group effect sizes and their confidence intervals were compared to a pre-determined non-inferiority margin (Cohen’s d = 0.4). Moderation analyses of reading speed and ADHD symptoms were conducted, as well as comparisons of treatment engagement and knowledge acquisition.Results: The Condensed version of iCBT was non-inferior at endpoint for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life compared to the Full-length version. There was a significant interaction effect between reading speed and treatment version. No significant differences between the treatment versions were found on measures of treatment engagement or knowledge acquisition.Conclusion: A condensed version of iCBT for depression can be used with non-inferior results. A condensed treatment might be extra helpful for patients with lower reading speed. Given a high degree of missing data, these results need to be replicated.
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| 44. |
- Karlsson Good, Magnus, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing the accessibility to internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for depression : A single-blind randomized controlled trial of condensed versus full-text versions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research shows that internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is an effective treatment for depression. However, little is known about how the length of the text material in iCBT affects outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether a condensed iCBT version for depression would be noninferior to the existing full-text version in reducing depressive symptoms at post-treatment. We also wanted to test non-inferiority for secondary outcomes and explore reading speed and ADHD symptoms as potential moderators. Method: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted (N = 267) comparing two versions of guided iCBT for depression; full-text (around 60,000 words) and condensed (around 30,000 words, with the option to listen to the text). Estimated between-group effect sizes and their confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and quality of life, were compared to a pre-determined non-inferiority margin (ES = 0.4). Moderation analyses of reading speed and ADHD symptoms were conducted. Results: The condensed version of iCBT was non-inferior to the full-text version on post-treatment measures for depressive symptoms (95 % CI = - 0.42-0.24), anxiety symptoms (95 % CI = - 0.24-0.32), and quality of life (95 % CI = - 0.09-0.49). Non-inferiority was inconclusive for depressive symptoms at the one-year follow-up (95 % CI = - 0.60-0.47). There was no significant moderation effects of reading speed (p = 0.06) or ADHD symptoms (p = 0.11) on depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results indicate that a condensed version of iCBT for depression is as effective at treating depression as the full-text version. By shortening texts, iCBT may be made available to more people. Due to unequal dropout rates between the groups, these results are preliminary and need to be replicated.
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| 45. |
- Karlsson Good, Magnus, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Increasing the accessibility to internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy fordepression : A single-blind randomised controlled trial of condensed versus full-textversions
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Research shows that internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is aneffective treatment for depression. However, little is known about how the length of the text material in iCBT affects outcomes. The therapy might be more accessible if the text burden is reduced, especially for patients with ADHD symptoms and lower reading speed.Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a condensed version would be non-inferior to the existing full-text version. We further hypothesized that the condensed version would have better outcomes for participants with a low reading speed and more ADHD symptoms.Method: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted (N = 267) comparing two versions of guided iCBT for depression; full-text (around 60 000 words) and condensed (around 30 000 words, with the option to listen to the text). Estimated between-group effect sizes and their confidence intervals were compared to a pre-determined non-inferiority margin (ES = 0.4). Moderation analyses of reading speed and ADHD symptoms were conducted, as well as comparisons of treatment engagement and knowledge acquisition.Results: The condensed version of iCBT was non-inferior to the full-text version on post treatment measures for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life. Non inferiority was inconclusive for depressive symptoms at the one-year follow-up. There was no significant moderation effects of reading speed or ADHD symptoms. However, there were significant two-way interactions in the condensed version. No significant differences between the two versions were found on measures of treatment engagement or knowledge acquisition.Conclusion: A condensed version of iCBT for depression can be used with non-inferiorresults. Due to unequal dropout rates between the groups, these results are preliminary and need to be replicated.
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| 46. |
- Karlsson, Linnea, 1979-
(författare)
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A Division-of-Labor Hypothesis : Adaptations to Task Structure in Multiple-Cue Judgment
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Judgments that demand consideration of pieces of information in the environment occur repeatedly throughout our lives. One professional example is that of a physician that considers multiple symptoms to make a judgment about a patient’s disease. The scientific study of such, so called, multiple-cue judgments that involve multiple pieces of information (cues: e.g., symptoms) and continuous criterion (e.g., blood pressure) has been concerned with the statistical modelling of judgment data (see Brehmer, 1994; Cooksey, 1996; Hammond & Stewart, 2001). In this thesis behavioural experiments, cognitive modelling and brain imaging is used to investigate an adaptive division of labor between multiple memory representations in multiple-cue judgment. It is hypothesized that the additive, independent linear effect of each cue can be explicitly abstracted and integrated by a serial, additive judgment process (Einhorn, Kleinmuntz, & Kleinmuntz, 1979). It is further hypothesized that a variety of sophisticated task properties, like non-additive cue combination, nonlinear relations, and inter-cue correlation, are carried implicitly by exemplar-memory (Medin & Schaffer, 1978; Nosofsky, 1984; Nosofsky & Johansen, 2000). Study I and II investigates the effect of additive versus non-additive cue-combination and verify the predicted shift in cognitive representations as a function of the underlying cue-combination rule. The third study is a review that discusses the nature of these representational shifts; are they contingent upon early perceived learning performance instead of automatic and error-driven? Study IV verifies that this shift is evident also in the neural activity associated with making judgments in additive and non-additive tasks.
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| 47. |
- Karlsson, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive changes between cue abstraction and exemplar memory in a multiple-cue judgement task with continuous cues
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. - 1069-9384 .- 1531-5320. ; 14:6, s. 1140-1146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of previous studies on multiple-cue judgment with continuous cues have involved comparisons between judgments and multiple linear regression models that integrated cues into a judgment. The authors present an experiment indicating that in a judgment task with additive combination of multiple continuous cues, people indeed displayed abstract knowledge of the cue criterion relations that was mentally integrated into a judgment, but in a task with multiplicative combination of continuous cues, people instead relied on retrieval of memory traces of similar judgment cases (exemplars). These results suggest that people may adopt qualitatively distinct forms of knowledge, depending on the structure of a multiple-cue judgment task. The authors discuss implications for theories of multiple-cue judgment.
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- Karlsson, Linnea
(författare)
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Additive Integration of Information in Multiple-Cue Judgment
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates adaptive shifts between different cognitive processes in multiple-cue judgment tasks. At least two qualitatively and quantitatively different cognitive strategies can be identified: one process in which abstraction and integration of cue-criterion relations form the basis for the judgment (Einhorn, Kleinmutz & Kleinmutz, 1979) and one which is based onsimilarity comparisons between a probe and similar exemplars stored in memory (Medin & Schaffer, 1978; Nosofsky, 1984; Nosofsky & Johanssen, 2000). Within the framework of a proposed model of judgment, Σ, these processes are regarded as complementary means to deal with a proposed capacity limitation of our cognitive architecture; in situations of unaidedabstraction and integration of information we are forced to handle pieces of information in an additive and linear manner. Predictions by Σ concern which of the two processes that will dominate judgments in different judgment tasks. In a judgment task where the underlying combination rule is additive and linear we are able to abstract and integrate information on how cues relate to a criterion and produce judgments that are consistent with the combination rule. In a judgment task where the underlying combination rule is multiplicative we are not able to abstract and integrate this information, and we are therefore induced to use a strategy of exemplar memory. Two studies test these predictions. In Study 1 the results confirm that in an additive judgment task cue abstraction was induced, while exemplar memory was induced in amultiplicative task. These results were replicated in Study 2, where a more complex judgment task was used. The results reported in this thesis provide tentative support for the idea of an adaptive division of labor between cue abstraction and exemplar memory as a function of the task, an ability we are equipped with to cope with a cognitive architecture only allowingelaboration of information in an additive and linear manner.
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