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- Bethlehem, RAI, et al.
(författare)
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Brain charts for the human lifespan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 604:79057906, s. 525-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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- Chatzikonstantinou, T, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with CLL: an update of the international ERIC and Campus CLL study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 35:12, s. 3444-3454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be more susceptible to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to age, disease, and treatment-related immunosuppression. We aimed to assess risk factors of outcome and elucidate the impact of CLL-directed treatments on the course of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective, international study, collectively including 941 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19. Data from the beginning of the pandemic until March 16, 2021, were collected from 91 centers. The risk factors of case fatality rate (CFR), disease severity, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. OS analysis was restricted to patients with severe COVID-19 (definition: hospitalization with need of oxygen or admission into an intensive care unit). CFR in patients with severe COVID-19 was 38.4%. OS was inferior for patients in all treatment categories compared to untreated (p < 0.001). Untreated patients had a lower risk of death (HR = 0.54, 95% CI:0.41–0.72). The risk of death was higher for older patients and those suffering from cardiac failure (HR = 1.03, 95% CI:1.02–1.04; HR = 1.79, 95% CI:1.04–3.07, respectively). Age, CLL-directed treatment, and cardiac failure were significant risk factors of OS. Untreated patients had a better chance of survival than those on treatment or recently treated.
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- Karlsson, MG Daniel, 1974-
(författare)
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Movement artifact reduction in laser Doppler blood flowmetry : myocardial perfusion applications
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) and imaging (LDPI) enable assessment of tissue microvascular perfusion. The techniques are based on the Doppler broadening of the optical spectrum occurring when coherent laser light is scattered by moving red blood cells (RBC). However, if tissue motion not related to moving RBCs is present, artifacts arise in the derived perfusion estimate. The aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate methods to reduce tissue motion influence on the perfusion estimate in general and for the specific purpose of enabling myocardial perfusion monitoring in the beating heart.An LDPM system, based on digital signal processing, was developed for myocardial perfusion assessment. To achieve an accurate estimate of the local microvascular perfusion, the varying myocardial tissue motion during the cardiac cycle is taken into account. By means of ECG-triggering, periods of minimum myocardial tissue motion can be pinpointed. The system and proposed methods were successfully evaluated both in an animal model (3 calves) and during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on 13 humans. Animal studies showed the importance of processing during minimum tissue motion, at late diastole and/or late systole, to reduce movement artifacts. The human evaluation confirmed earlier animal findings and revealed low flow situations in the intraoperative phase. Influence of mechanical ventilation on the myocardial blood flow was found. The results justify investigation postoperative of CABG, where myocardial perfusion monitoring may give a rapid response to potential ischemia.The influence of tissue motion on LDPI was studied in model measurements and on the skin. A relatively large tissue velocity, compared to microvascular flow velocities, was needed to significantly influence the perfusion signal. Movement artifact magnitude depended on the movement direction and the surface structure. An LDPI system utilizing a polarization technique that blocks specularly reflected light is proposed. The method was evaluated in a flow model and on the skin of 12 subjects and was found to significantly reduce influence from tissue motion. Finally, a theoretical explanation of the origin of LDPI movement artifacts is proposed. Reduction of movement artifacts makes measurements more reliable and increases the potential of LDPI as a clinical tool.
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- Mamo, Gashaw, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial glycoside hydrolases for biomass utilization in biofuels application
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biofuel Technologies: Recent Developments. - 9783642345180 ; , s. 171-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable biomass is predicted to have the potential to meet at least a quarter of the world demand for transportation fuel, but to do so both terrestrial lignocellulosic as well as marine algal resources need to be efficiently utilized. In the processes where these biomasses are converted to different types of energy-carriers (for example fuel alcohols e.g. ethanol or butanol) microbial glycoside hydrolases have a role in the saccharification process. During saccharification polymeric carbohydrate resources (e.g. starch, cellulose or hemicellulose) are hydrolysed into mono and oligosaccharides that can be utilized by the organism selected to ferment these carbohydrates into the desired energy-carrier. This chapter aims to shed light on different processing alternatives for the conversion of lignocellulose or algal starch into mono or oligosaccharides, and what roles the microbial glycoside hydrolases have as processing aids in these conversions.
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| 22. |
- Mamo, Gashaw, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial glycoside hydrolases for biomass utilization in biofuels applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biofuel Technologies : Recent Developments - Recent Developments. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3642345182 - 9783642345180 - 9783642345197 ; , s. 171-188
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable biomass is predicted to have the potential to meet at least a quarter of the world demand for transportation fuel, but to do so both terrestrial lignocellulosic as well as marine algal resources need to be efficiently utilized. In the processes where these biomasses are converted into different types of energy carriers (for example fuel-alcohols e.g. ethanol or butanol) microbial glycoside hydrolases (GHs) have a role in the saccharification process. During saccharification polymeric carbohydrate resources (e.g. starch, cellulose or hemicellulose) are hydrolyzed into mono and oligosaccharides that can be utilized by the organism selected to ferment these carbohydrates into the desired energy-carrier. This chapter aims to shed light on different processing alternatives for the conversion of lignocellulose or algal starch into mono or oligosaccharides, and what roles the microbial GHs have as processing aids in these conversions.
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- Shubina, Tatiana, et al.
(författare)
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Nanometric-scale fluctuations of intrinsic electric fields in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells with inversion domains
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. B, Basic research. - 0370-1972 .- 1521-3951. ; 234:3, s. 919-923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strain and electric field fluctuations in regions of different polarities in GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) structures of dominant N-polarity with inversion domains (IDs) split the photoluminescence (PL) emission into two bands. Micro-PL and time-resolved PL studies reveal strong inhomogeneity of the array of the IDs, where essential parameters, such as strain, electric fields, and sizes are fluctuating quantities. We demonstrate also that the ID formation decreases the intrinsic electric field magnitudes.
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- Tabassum, R, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic architecture of human plasma lipidome and its link to cardiovascular disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4329-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding genetic architecture of plasma lipidome could provide better insights into lipid metabolism and its link to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, we perform genome-wide association analyses of 141 lipid species (n = 2,181 individuals), followed by phenome-wide scans with 25 CVD related phenotypes (n = 511,700 individuals). We identify 35 lipid-species-associated loci (P <5 ×10−8), 10 of which associate with CVD risk including five new loci-COL5A1, GLTPD2, SPTLC3, MBOAT7 and GALNT16 (false discovery rate<0.05). We identify loci for lipid species that are shown to predict CVD e.g., SPTLC3 for CER(d18:1/24:1). We show that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may more efficiently hydrolyze medium length triacylglycerides (TAGs) than others. Polyunsaturated lipids have highest heritability and genetic correlations, suggesting considerable genetic regulation at fatty acids levels. We find low genetic correlations between traditional lipids and lipid species. Our results show that lipidomic profiles capture information beyond traditional lipids and identify genetic variants modifying lipid levels and risk of CVD.
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