| 1. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Particle Safety Assessment in Additive Manufacturing : From Exposure Risks to Advanced Toxicology Testing.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-3080. ; 4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) or industrial three-dimensional (3D) printing drives a new spectrum of design and production possibilities; pushing the boundaries both in the application by production of sophisticated products as well as the development of next-generation materials. AM technologies apply a diversity of feedstocks, including plastic, metallic, and ceramic particle powders with distinct size, shape, and surface chemistry. In addition, powders are often reused, which may change the particles' physicochemical properties and by that alter their toxic potential. The AM production technology commonly relies on a laser or electron beam to selectively melt or sinter particle powders. Large energy input on feedstock powders generates several byproducts, including varying amounts of virgin microparticles, nanoparticles, spatter, and volatile chemicals that are emitted in the working environment; throughout the production and processing phases. The micro and nanoscale size may enable particles to interact with and to cross biological barriers, which could, in turn, give rise to unexpected adverse outcomes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, activation of signaling pathways, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. Another important aspect of AM-associated risks is emission/leakage of mono- and oligomers due to polymer breakdown and high temperature transformation of chemicals from polymeric particles, both during production, use, and in vivo, including in target cells. These chemicals are potential inducers of direct toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. Nevertheless, understanding whether AM particle powders and their byproducts may exert adverse effects in humans is largely lacking and urges comprehensive safety assessment across the entire AM lifecycle-spanning from virgin and reused to airborne particles. Therefore, this review will detail: 1) brief overview of the AM feedstock powders, impact of reuse on particle physicochemical properties, main exposure pathways and protective measures in AM industry, 2) role of particle biological identity and key toxicological endpoints in the particle safety assessment, and 3) next-generation toxicology approaches in nanosafety for safety assessment in AM. Altogether, the proposed testing approach will enable a deeper understanding of existing and emerging particle and chemical safety challenges and provide a strategy for the development of cutting-edge methodologies for hazard identification and risk assessment in the AM industry.
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| 2. |
- Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive automation strategie: Improving use-efficiency of carrier and content of information
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 17, s. 67-70
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production paradigm of mass customization puts high demand on the production system and the people who works there. This is especially true for final assembly where the number of variants is the richest. To handle this variety, the operator needs the correct information accessible at the right time; the operator wants to know how and when to assemble what part. What is correct information includes the amount of information (content of information), how it is presented (carrier of information) and who is the receiver (specific operator). The strategy for Cognitive Automation will be more and more important for companies within this paradigm. This paper aims to show the use-Efficiency of information, both carrier and content, in two industrial case studies. Furthermore how the cognitive automation strategy within a company is connected to the maturity of technology. ©2014 Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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| 3. |
- Fasth Berglund, Åsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Using the TRL methodology to design supporting ICT-tools for production operator
- 2014
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 17, s. 726-731
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Technology Readiness Level or TRL, has a long history at NASA and American Department of Defence (DoD), when designing and testing new technologies. Could this methodology be used in a production system context? Due to the increased information complexity in production systems today new technologies and prototypes have to be developed and tested more frequently. Cognitive automation strategies are becoming a competitive benefit for the companies that have a standardisation when it comes to prototyping and testing. The aim of this paper is to show how the TRL could be used to design supporting ICT-tools for operators in Swedish production. The internal testing has been done at the university lab, and the external tests have been done in two industrial case studies as an input for the results in this paper. Results show that even though it is good to have a structured methodology to follow, it is difficult to put the methodology to use in a different context.
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| 4. |
- Gerasimov, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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An Evolvable Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Neuromorphic Applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 2198-3844. ; 6:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An evolvable organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), operating in the hybrid accumulation-depletion mode is reported, which exhibits short-term and long-term memory functionalities. The transistor channel, formed by an electropolymerized conducting polymer, can be formed, modulated, and obliterated in situ and under operation. Enduring changes in channel conductance, analogous to long-term potentiation and depression, are attained by electropolymerization and electrochemical overoxidation of the channel material, respectively. Transient changes in channel conductance, analogous to short-term potentiation and depression, are accomplished by inducing nonequilibrium doping states within the transistor channel. By manipulating the input signal, the strength of the transistor response to a given stimulus can be modulated within a range that spans several orders of magnitude, producing behavior that is directly comparable to short- and long-term neuroplasticity. The evolvable transistor is further incorporated into a simple circuit that mimics classical conditioning. It is forecasted that OECTs that can be physically and electronically modulated under operation will bring about a new paradigm of machine learning based on evolvable organic electronics.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Åkerman, Magnus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Information for operational tasks: five cases in Swedish production
- 2015
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Ingår i: The International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing (FAIM). - 9781910864005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Better resource utilisation for production systems can be achieved in many different ways. When it comes tohuman workers, they can either be allocated as more flexible machines, loaded with materials and a set ofinstructions, or they can be trusted to plan their own work. Moving towards the more automated and highlyconnected future production system suggests that human operators should be more empowered. This requires thatthey can be provided with the tools and environment that allow for this. Human workers need information but it isnot clear how that information should be made available. This study presents five cases from four Swedishcompanies in the manufacturing industry. The tasks and decisions the operators do are presented in relation to theinformation that is available, the experience level needed and the communication of the eventual outcome.
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| 7. |
- Åkerman, Magnus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing Customized ICT for Operators in Manufacturing
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 41, s. 490-495
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for flexibility combined with higher complexity create challenges on todays manufacturing systems and the human operators doingthe tasks. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) as cognitive automation and to increase information sharing among theoperators has been discussed as important tools to meet those challenges. A highly customized mobile application has been developed at a largeSwedish manufacturing company. This application has been introduced on smartphone devices to the operators in a manufacturing process.This paper presents empirical findings from the first year of this test. The study provides an example where information and communicationtechnology have enabled manufacturing operators to perform new work tasks through increased trust and knowledge.
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| 8. |
- Alijagic, Andi, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disrupting impacts of polyamide microplastic particles and chemicals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to their exceptional properties and cost effectiveness, polyamides or nylons have emerged as widely used materials, revolutionizing diverse industries, including industrial 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM). Powder-based AM technologies employ tonnes of polyamide microplastics to produce complex components every year. However, the lack of comprehensive toxicity assessment of particulate polyamides and polyamide-associated chemicals, especially in the light of the global microplastics crisis, calls for urgent action. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polyamide-12 microplastics used in AM, and assessed a number of toxicity endpoints focusing on inflammation, immunometabolism, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, endocrine disruption, and cell morphology. Specifically, microplastics examination by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that work flow reuse of material created a fraction of smaller particles with an average size of 1-5 µm, a size range readily available for uptake by human cells. Moreover, chemical analysis by means of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detected several polyamide-associated chemicals including starting material, plasticizer, thermal stabilizer/antioxidant, and migrating slip additive. Even if polyamide particles and chemicals did not induce an acute inflammatory response, repeated and prolonged exposure of human primary macrophages disclosed a steady increase in the levels of proinflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Moreover, targeted metabolomics disclosed that polyamide particles modulated the kynurenine pathway and some of its key metabolites. The p53-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay showed that particles per se were able to activate p53, being indicative of a genotoxic stress. Polyamide-associated chemicals triggered moderate activation of AhR and elicited anti-androgenic activity. Finally, a high-throughput and non-targeted morphological profiling by Cell Painting assay outlined major sites of bioactivity of polyamide-associated chemicals and indicated putative mechanisms of toxicity in the cells. These findings reveal that the increasing use of polyamide microplastics may pose a potential health risk for the exposed individuals, and it merits more attention.
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| 9. |
- Danemar, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The associations between health problems and performance in elite cross-country skiers
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between health problems, defined as injury or illness, on performance during a competitive season among elite XC skiers (9 females; 9 males).Methods: Data was collected for 17 weeks using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems, resulting in a total of 296 athlete weeks’ worth of data. Prevalence and severity measures were calculated for all health problems and substantial health problems (defined as problems leading to moderate or severe reductions in training volume or sports performance, or complete inability to participate). Acssociations between health problems and performance were analyzed using regressions with change in FIS points from the 2018/19 season to the 2019/20 season, representing performance.Results: The average weekly prevalence of all health problems was 19% (95% CI: 3.5% to 34%). Prevalence of substantial health problems was 12% (95% CI: -0.4% to 25%). Illness was the most common health problem, representing 74 days (71%) of total time loss compared to overuse injuries (12 days, 12%) and acute injuries (18 days, 17%). There was no significant association between the cumulative severity score of health problems (-0.03; 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.02; p = 0.25).Conclusions: No relationship was identified between the cumulative severity of health problems and performance.Practical applications: The findings from this study suggest that ongoing surveillance programs could be useful in mapping athlete injury and illness trends.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Kalle, 1991-
(författare)
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Politicising automation : ideas on work, technology, and agency in the Swedish political debate
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last decade, rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and other automation technologies have sparked extensive and sometimes heated debates over the wider societal impacts of ongoing technological shifts. Even if there is wide agreement that policymaking will play a crucial role for how the future of automation will unfold, these debates tend to emphasise the technical and economic aspects of labour automation while largely overlooking its inherently political dimensions. In recent years, critical scholars within the social sciences have sought to challenge this narrow focus by bringing attention to the various biased effects that automation processes give rise to in terms of justice and power, but automation of labour as a political issue in and of itself remains underexplored. Given the broad acknowledgement of the importance of policymaking, what is especially needed is an increased understanding of how policymakers themselves interpret this issue, as well as their own roles in relation to it. This thesis aims to narrow this knowledge gap by examining the manifest and latent political ideas that underpin the ways in which Swedish policymakers interpret and negotiate the issue of automation, to thereby gain a fuller understanding of what key values that are at stake in the Swedish automation debate. To do so, an ideational analysis has been conducted using parliamentary documents, media and party texts, as well as semi-structured interviews with policymakers as data.The analysis shows that while Swedish policymakers generally perceive automation of labour as a non-contentious issue in Swedish politics, their ideas on the matter are informed by underlying normative and empirical assumptions that lead to conflicting conclusions regarding both the desirability of increased automation and the roles of policymaking for governing the technologies in question. The analysis also finds that actors’ views on automation are tightly connected to their views on a range of related, more fundamental, political issues – such as the character and values of human labour, and the role of the state in relation to the market. Since these related issues are indeed quite ideologically polarising in the Swedish context, the findings indicate that also automation is a more polarising issue than many policymakers perceive it to be. In other words, while the issue has yet to cause any explicit political conflicts in the Swedish debate, the identified disparities and ideational tensions clearly suggest that automation is not merely a technological inevitability but a complex, politically charged arena where different, if often latent, visions of the future contend.Thus, the portrayal of automation as a politically neutral phenomenon risks obscuring its inherently contestable character and preventing the critical ideological debates that therefore ought to surround it. By bringing our attention to the different and sometimes conflicting political ideas that automation is subject to, the thesis aims to contribute to a more politicised automation debate in which said ideas are not shied away from but openly contested and deliberated over. Such a debate would not only be more democratic, but also more likely to realise some of the unprecedented opportunities that automation technologies grant us.
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| 11. |
- Fukushima, Nanna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Fossilt till bio : Klimatpåverkan av drivmedelsdistribution
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trots att ökad användning av biodrivmedel anses vara viktig för att uppnå klimatmålen i Sverige och EU, råder det idag brist på kunskap om hur produktionen och distributionen av biodrivmedel påverkar de svenska växthusgasutsläppen. Samtidigt har beroendet av importerat bränsle för drivmedelsförsörjningen i Sverige blivit en nationell säkerhetsfråga, vilket kräver ökad kunskap om utvecklingen av framtidens fossilfria transportsystem. Målet med denna förstudie är att utforska och kartlägga produktionen, distributionen och efterfrågan av drivmedel i Sverige idag. Inom ramen för en huvudstudie planerar vi sedan att analysera och studera hur en förändrad drivmedelslogistik, kopplad till användningen och produktionen av biodrivmedel, kan komma att se ut och vilka konsekvenser det får för landets växthusgasutsläpp. En särskild fokus kommer att läggas på att undersöka hur nettoutsläppen påverkas av en ökad självförsörjning av biodrivmedel i Sverige. Ett ytterligare delmål med förstudien har varit att etablera ett starkt konsortium för att erhålla en korrekt nulägesbild och för att fylla eventuella kunskapsluckor. Inför rapporteringen av denna förstudie har vi samarbetat med Energimyndigheten och Drivkraft Sverige, en branschorganisation för drivmedel. Dessutom har vi inlett ett samarbete med Skogforsk, ett skogsforskningsinstitut med gedigen kunskap om användningen av skogliga resurser som råmaterial för biodrivmedelsframställning, vilket är den potentiellt mest betydelsefulla råvaran för storskalig biodrivmedelsproduktion i Sverige. Genom denna förstudie har vi lagt en solid grund för fortsatta analyser där resultaten kommer att bidra till att möjliggöra effektivisering av biodrivmedelsdistributionen och ge rekommendationer för politiska åtgärder som minskar växthusgasutsläppen. Förstudien har genomförts av VTI och partners med finansiering från Triple F.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Hoang, Hoai, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Computing the minimum EDF feasible deadline in periodic systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: 12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, 2006. Proceedings. - Los Alamitos, Calif. : IEEE Press. - 0769526764 ; , s. 125-134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most real-time applications, deadlines are artifices that need to be enforced to meet different performance requirements. For example, in periodic task sets, jitter requirements can be met by assigning suitable relative deadlines and guaranteeing the feasibility of the schedule. This paper presents a method (called minD) for calculating the minimum EDF-feasible deadline of a real-time task. More precisely, given a set of periodic tasks with hard real-time requirements, which is feasible under EDF, the proposed algorithm allows computing the shortest deadline that can be assigned to an arbitrary task in the set, or to a new incoming task (periodic or aperiodic), still preserving the EDF feasibility of the new task set. The algorithm has a pseudo polynomial complexity and handles arbitrary relative deadlines, which can be less than, equal to, or greater than periods.
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| 14. |
- Hoang, Hoai, et al.
(författare)
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Minimum EDF-feasible deadline calculation with low-time complexity
- 2004
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Ingår i: RTSS 2004 WIP Proceedings, The 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium, Lisbon, Portugal, Dec. 5-8, 2004.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a method for calculating the minimum EDF-feasible deadline. The algorithm targets periodic tasks with hard real-time guarantees, that are to be feasibly scheduled with EDF (Earliest Deadline First). The output is the smallest possible deadline required for feasibility, of the task most recently requested. The good thing with our algorithm is that it has the same timecomplexity as the regular EDF feasibility test, when deadlines are not assumed to be equal to the periods of the periodic tasks.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Defining Sarcopenia with MRI - Establishing Threshold Values within a Large-Scale Population Study
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PURPOSETo identify gender specific threshold values for sarcopenia detection for lean thigh muscle tissue volume quantified using MRI.METHOD AND MATERIALSCurrent gender-specific thresholds for sarcopenia detection are based on quantification on appendicular lean tissue normalized with height^2 using DXA (7.26 kg/m2 for men and 5.45 kg/m2 for women). In this study 3514 subjects (1548 males and 1966 females) in the imaging subcohort of UK Biobank with paired DXA and MRI scans were included. The age range was 45 to 78 years. The total lean thigh volume normalized with height2 (TTVi) was determined with a 6 minutes neck to knee 2-point Dixon MRI protocol using a 1.5T MR-scanner (Siemens, Germany) followed by analysis with AMRA® Profiler (AMRA, Sweden). The appendicular lean tissue mass normalized with height2 (ALTMi) was assessed using DXA (GE-Lunar iDXA). Subjects with ALTMi lower than the gender specific threshold were categorized as sarcopenic. Gender specific threshold values were determined for detection of sarcopenic subjects based on TTVi optimizing sensitivity and specificity. Area under receiver operator curve (AUROC) was calculated as well as the linear correlation between TTVi and ALTMi.RESULTSA threshold value of TTVi = 3.64 l/m2 provided a sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 for sarcopenia detection in males. The AUROC was 0.96. Similarly, a TTVi < 2.76 l/m2 identified sarcopenic female subjects with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.89. The corresponding AUROC was 0.96. The linear correlation between TTVi and ALTMi was 0.93 (99%CI: 0.93-0.94).CONCLUSIONMRI-based quantification of total lean thigh volume normalized with height^2 could be used to categorize sarcopenia in the study group. Threshold values are suggested.CLINICAL RELEVANCE/APPLICATIONThe study suggests that sarcopenia can be diagnosed using a rapid MRI scan with high sensitivity and specificity.
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| 16. |
- Karlsson, Anette, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect on precision and T1 bias comparing two flip angles when estimating muscle fat infiltration using fat-referenced chemical shift-encoded imaging
- 2021
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Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0952-3480 .- 1099-1492. ; 34:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of the effect on accuracy and precision of different parameter settings is important for quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate T1-bias and precision for muscle fat infiltration (MFI) using fat-referenced chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging at 5° and 10° flip angle. This [MB1] experimental study was done on forty postmenopausal women using 3T MRI test and retest images using 4-point 3D spoiled gradient multi-echo acquisition including real and imaginary images for reconstruction acquired at Flip angles 5° and 10°. Post-processing included T2* correction and fat-referenced calibration of the fat signal. The mean MFI was calculated in six different automatically segmented muscle regions using both the fat-referenced fat signal and the fat fraction calculated from the fat and water image pair for each acquisition. The variance of the difference between mean MFI from test and retest was used as measure of precision. The SNR characteristics were analyzed by measuring difference of the full width half maximum of the fat signal distribution using Student’s t-test.There was no difference in the mean fat-referenced MFI at different flip angles with the fat-referenced technique, which was the case using the fat fraction. No significant difference in the precision was found in any of the muscles analyzed. However, the full width half maximum of the fat signal distribution was significantly lower at 10° flip angle compared to 5°. Fat-referenced MFI is insensitive to T1 bias in chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging enabling usage of a higher and more SNR effective flip angle. The lower full-width-at half-maximum in fat-referenced MFI at 10° indicates that high flip angle acquisition is advantageous although no significant differences in precision was observed comparing 5° and 10°.
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Anette, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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The relation between local and distal muscle fat infiltration in chronic whiplash using magnetic resonance imaging.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, CA, United States : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between fat infiltration in the cervical multifidi and fat infiltration measured in the lower extremities to move further into understanding the complex signs and symptoms arising from a whiplash trauma. Thirty-one individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorders, stratified into a mild/moderate group and a severe group, together with 31 age- and gender matched controls were enrolled in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire a 3D volume of the neck and of the whole-body. Cervical multifidi was used to represent muscles local to the whiplash trauma and all muscles below the hip joint, the lower extremities, were representing widespread muscles distal to the site of the trauma. The fat infiltration was determined by fat fraction in the segmented images. There was a linear correlation between local and distal muscle fat infiltration (p<0.001, r2 = 0.28). The correlation remained significant when adjusting for age and WAD group (p = 0.009) as well as when correcting for age, WAD group and BMI (p = 0.002). There was a correlation between local and distal muscle fat infiltration within the severe WAD group (p = 0.0016, r2 = 0.69) and in the healthy group (p = 0.022, r2 = 0.17) but not in the mild/moderate group (p = 0.29, r2 = 0.06). No significant differences (p = 0.11) in the lower extremities' MFI between the different groups were found. The absence of differences between the groups in terms of lower extremities' muscle fat infiltration indicates that, in this particular population, the whiplash trauma has a local effect on muscle fat infiltration rather than a generalized.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, 1978
(författare)
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Load Modelling for Fatigue Assessment of Vehicles - a Statistical Approach
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A way of modelling loads in customer usage for fatigue life considerations of vehicles is discussed. The starting point is lateral vehicle loads acting on trucks. Customer usage is described by using road classification. Within each road class the loads are assumed to be similar and a particular customer can be modelled on the basis of the distance the driver drives in each road class. A parametric model is built up to describe the lateral loads found in measurements. From this model, an explicit expression for the expected damage is derived based on the rain flow cycle count method, the Basquin equation and the Palmgren-Miner rule. This model aims to capture the external loads coming into the vehicle in the lateral direction. In particular, it focuses on the operational environment and customer behaviour. From measurements, the parameters in the model are estimated. The variation of the parameters over the measurements is studied using the analysis of variance method. In the study, the road class as well as more local factors such as market and driver are considered in order to make sure that the road class can be regarded as global. The loads in the road classes can then be modelled using the results from the analysis of variance. Practical considerations in the design of experiments to gather data for the models are taken into account. The analysis technique is applied to the load model using data from a field study made in three different markets. Conclusions are drawn on the possibilities of classifying road loads and the need for design of experiments to use field measurements more efficiently.
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| 21. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Preschool girls as rule breakers : Negotiating moral orders of justice and fairness
- 2017
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Ingår i: Childhood. - : SAGE Publications. - 0907-5682 .- 1461-7013. ; 24:3, s. 396-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how preschool-girls organize situated board games. Examining video data, using an ethnomethodological approach, the study focuses moral work-in-interaction in instances where the girls negotiate rule violations. It was found that the girls oriented to diverse forms of moral orders, shifting between a competitive/justice-based order and a socio-moral order of reciprocal relations. Argumentative moves of cheating were used as communicative resources both to control moral transgressions and to gain personal advantages. Overall, the analysis shows that preschool girls are active moral agents in making and breaking rules and in negotiating complex moral orders.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, 1978
(författare)
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Statistical parameterization of lateral vehicle loads
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; 44:SUPPL. 1, s. 770-779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A way of parameterizing markets and applications for fatigue life assessments for trucks is discussed. A set of factors influencing the fatigue life of a truck is identified. The demands and usage of the concept are discussed, and a parametric model is constructed for the lateral loads using the identified factors. Some explicit results are given, which approximate the expected damage given by the parameters. These approximations are shown to give results close to the ones found directly from measurements. The properties of the classification and the underlying probability spaces are discussed, as well as the problem of how to handle the uncertainties in estimates and the variation of the parameters from one market to another.
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, Øyvind, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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391 A comparison of the prevalence and severity of health problems in national team cross-country skiers over a competitive season
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A limited number of long-term prospective studies have investigated health problems in competitive cross-country skiers. Moreover, limited information exists regarding differences in the prevalence and severity of health problems between senior and development female and male cross-country skiers.Objective To compare the prevalence and severity of health problems between senior and development female and male national team cross-country skiers.Design Comparative, prospective, observational cohort study.Setting Senior and development national cross-country ski teams.Participants Eighteen (9 women, 9 men) senior and 22 (9 women, 13 men) development national team skiers.Intervention Skiers self-reported their health problems weekly for 17 weeks throughout the 2019/2020 competitive cross-country ski season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2).Main Outcome Measurements We calculated weekly prevalence and severity measures for illnesses, acute and overuse injuries, substantial health problems (i.e., health problems leading to moderate or severe reductions in training volume or sports performance, or a complete inability to participate) and all health problems combined.Results Weekly response rate to the OSTRC-H2 was 90% (SD 7%). Average weekly prevalence of substantial (~12%) and all (~25%) health problems were similar between senior and development team skiers. However, illness prevalence was lower in senior vs. development skiers (8%, 95% CI [3%, 13%] vs. 13%, 95% CI [9%, 17%], respectively; p = .026) and injuries were higher (12%, 95% CI [9%, 15%] vs. 5%, 95% CI [3%, 7%]; p < .001). There were no differences in severity measures (all p > .05).Conclusions Health problems were relatively common among the skiers, with one quarter affected by at least one problem at any given time. While the prevalence of all health problems was similar, illnesses were less prevalent in the senior compared to the development team skiers and injuries were more prevalent.
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, Øyvind, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Health problems in national team cross-country skiers over a competitive season : a 17-week prospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Few long-term prospective studies have investigated health problems in elite competitive cross-country (XC) skiers. Hence, our objective was to compare the prevalence of health problems in national team XC skiers over a competitive season.Methods Forty national team XC skiers participated in this prospective, observational study. Two groups were characterized according to performance level: senior (n=18, ~26 years old, 9 women) and development (n=22, ~21 years old, 9 women). The skiers reported all and substantial injuries and illnesses weekly for 17 consecutive weeks throughout the 2019/2020 competitive season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems.Results The average weekly prevalence of all and substantial health problems was 19% (95% CI: 16% to 22%) and 12% (95% CI: 9% to 15%), respectively, and was similar between senior and development level skiers (p>0.05). The injury prevalence was higher in senior versus development level skiers (12%, 95% CI: 9% to 15% vs 5%, 95% CI: 3% to 7%; p<0.001), while illnesses were less common (8%, 95% CI: 3% to 13% vs 13%, 95% CI: 9% to 17%, respectively; p=0.031). Illnesses accounted for 72% of all problems. The prevalence of all health problems was higher in female than in male skiers (23%, 95% CI: 19% to 27% vs 15%, 95% CI: 11% to 19%; p<0.003).Conclusions Health problems, especially illnesses, were relatively common, with approximately one in five skiers (19%) reporting at least one problem in any given week. Both performance level and sex influenced the prevalence of different types of health problems.
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| 26. |
- Kastbom, Lisa, 1978-
(författare)
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A good death from the perspective of patients with severe illness and advance care planning (ACP) in patients near end-of-life
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research has indicated that what constitutes a good death is heterogenic and complex although there are some recurrent themes and similarities regardless individual background factors. Studies on advance care planning (ACP), i.e. making proactive plans regarding content of care and treatment limitations, on nursing home (NH) patients are rare. Positive effects of ACPs are shown, but also that these often are lacking. The overall aim with this thesis was to explore the perceptions of a good death from the perspective of patients with severe illness and to investigate, from different perspectives, experiences of ACP in a NH context. In paper I, patients with cancer in a palliative phase were interviewed on their perceptions of a good death. Death was viewed as a process and previous experiences on the death of others influenced their own perceptions. A good death was associated with living with the prospect of imminent death, preparing oneself and others for one’s death and dying comfortably, e.g. without suffering, with independence and with social relations intact. Some were comforted by their belief that death is predetermined, and that after death, there is something else. Others felt uncomfortable when they viewed death as the end of the existence. In paper II, nurses and physicians were interviewed on their experiences of the factors that shape the ACP process in NHs. Exploration of the patient’s preferences regarding content of care and treatment limitations was important, as well as integration of the patient’s preferences and the views of the family members and staff concerning these questions. ACP documentation had to be clear, updated and available for staff and the implementation and reevaluation of ACP were also considered important, according to the participants. Significance of clinicians’ perceiving beneficence as well as fear of accusations of maleficence were shown to be essential factors to contemplate. In a retrospective chart review (paper III), medical records of 367 deceased NH patients were analysed. A high prevalence of ACP was shown, using two different definitions of ACP (ACP I and ACP II). Moreover, adherence to the ACP content was strong and positive associations were seen between ACP and variables of the three research aims, such as: diagnosis (dementia), physician attendance at NH and end-of-life (EOL) care. In paper IV, family members of deceased NH patients were interviewed on their experiences of ACP in NHs. EOL issues were challenging to talk about, although the family members appreciated staff raising these questions. The patient’s preferences were sometimes explicitly or implicitly communicated. However, in some cases, family members had a feeling of the patient’s preferences, although they had not been clearly communicated. Everyday details symbolised staff commitment. The family members viewed the nurse as central. The physician was described as absent and ACP meetings often went unnoticed. Both involvement and lack of involvement could cause the family members feelings of guilt. In conclusion, we found that what constitutes a good death is highly individual, although recurrent themes are seen. EOL conversations are important and challenging and need staff training and experience. It seems important to support healthcare staff not only to initiate ACP in NH patients, but also to involve the patient and family members in the ACP and planning EOL care. Making proactive plans regarding content of care including treatment limitations, could enable patient autonomy, optimise the chances for the patient to experience a good death and enhance for the family members during the dying trajectory and after the patient’s death.
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| 27. |
- Kastbom, Lisa, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence, content and significance of advance care planning in nursing home patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis Ltd. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 40:1, s. 29-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Studies on advance care planning in nursing homes are rare, and despite their demonstrated favourable effects on end-of-life care, advance care plans are often lacking. Therefore, we wished to explore: (i) the prevalence of advance care plans in a Swedish nursing home setting using two different definitions, (ii) the content of advance care plans, (iii) adherence to the content of care plans and (iv) possible associations between the presence of advance care planning and background characteristics, physician attendance and end-of-life care. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Twenty-two nursing homes in Sweden. Subjects A total of 367 deceased patients (included between 1 June 2018 and 23 May 2020) who had lived in nursing homes. Main outcome measures Electronic health record data on the prevalence of advance care plans with two different definitions and variables regarding background characteristics, physician attendance and end-of-life care, were collected. Results Of the study population, 97% had a limited care plan (ACP I) documented. When using the comprehensive definition (ACP II), also including patients preferences and involvement of family members in advance care planning, the prevalence was 77%. Patients with dementia more often had care plans, and a higher physician attendance was associated with presence of advance care plans. Prescription of palliative drugs and information to family members of the patients deterioration and impending death were more common in patients with care plans compared to those where such plans were missing. There was adherence to the care plan content. Conclusion In contrast to previous research, this study showed a high prevalence of advance care plans in nursing home patients. Patients with care plans more frequently received prescriptions of palliative drugs and their family members were informed to a greater extent about the patients deterioration and impending death compared to those without care plans. These aspects are often seen as vital components of good palliative care.
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| 28. |
- Levander, Louise, 1978-
(författare)
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Effects of α1‐acid glycoprotein onpolymorphonuclear leukocytes ‐involvement of cell surface receptors
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alpha1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a highly glycosylated lipid‐binding acute‐phaseprotein. Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, several studies havesuggested that AGP may regulate the function of neutrophils and hence modulateinflammatory responses. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate if AGP isable to mediate intracellular signalling in neutrophils through binding to specificreceptors.Measurements of intracellular calcium concentration showed that AGP elicited asmall rise in [Ca2+]i in neutrophils that was markedly enhanced by pre‐treatmentwith anti‐L‐selectin antibodies. In contrast, desialylation of AGP reduced the Ca2+mobilizing capacity significantly. The AGP‐induced Ca2+ signal was mediatedthrough Src tyrosine kinases, PLC and PI3K which suggests involvement of cellsurface receptors. Indeed, AGP was shown to bind to, and mediate Ca2+ signallingthrough, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin (Siglec)‐5 and/or ‐14.Increased fucosylation of AGP is common during acute‐phase reactions. We showthat hyperfucosylated AGP has a diminished Ca2+ signalling capacity compared tonormally fucosylated AGP. This could be due to a reduced capacity of AGP tointeract with Siglec‐5/‐14 since it is known that the presence of fucose residues onsialylated glycans has a negative effect on Siglec‐5/‐14 affinity. AGP was alsodemonstrated to bind to the neutrophil proteins S100A8 and S100A9. In additionwe show that AGP‐bound hydroxyeicasotetraenoic acids (HETEs) induce increasesin [Ca2+]i in neutrophils through binding to the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT2. Wepropose a two‐step binding model where AGP binds to Siglec‐5/‐14 on L‐selectinactivated neutrophils. This may orient AGP in a way that assists an interactionbetween AGP and the neutrophil membrane which favours transfer of AGP‐boundHETEs to the BLT2 receptor.In conclusion, these data gives new insights regarding how AGP interacts with andmediates signalling in human neutrophils and supports the view of AGP as beingan acute phase reactant with immunomodulatory properties.
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| 29. |
- Lund, Nils, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty infiltrate and neck muscle volume in individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorders compared to healthy controls - a cross sectional case-control study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2474. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) are not fully understood. More knowledge of morphology is needed to better understand the disorder, improve diagnostics and treatments. The aim was to investigate dorsal neck muscle volume (MV) and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) in relation to self-reported neck disability among 30 participants with chronic WAD grade II-III compared to 30 matched healthy controls.Methods: MV and MFI at spinal segments C4 through C7 in both sexes with mild- to moderate chronic WAD (n = 20), severe chronic WAD (n = 10), and age- and sex matched healthy controls (n = 30) was compared. Muscles: trapezius, splenius, semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis were segmented by a blinded assessor and analyzed.Results: Higher MFI was found in right trapezius (p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.9) among participants with severe chronic WAD compared to healthy controls. No other significant difference was found for MFI (p = 0.22-0.95) or MV (p = 0.20-0.76).ConclusionsThere are quantifiable changes in muscle composition of right trapezius on the side of dominant pain and/or symptoms, among participants with severe chronic WAD. No other statistically significant differences were shown for MFI or MV. These findings add knowledge of the association between MFI, muscle size and self-reported neck disability in chronic WAD.
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| 30. |
- Lundström, Carl Peter, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Tension-optimized highly nonlinear fibers for parametric applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. - 9781557529503 ; , s. Paper We.1.F-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the Brillouin and dispersive properties including localized measurements of nonlinear fibers spooled with tension gradients and discuss their application in parametric devices.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Schönlau, C., et al.
(författare)
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Microplastics in sea-surface waters surrounding Sweden sampled by manta trawl and in-situ pump
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microplastics were sampled in open surface waters by using a manta trawl and an in-situ filtering pump. A total of 24 trawl samples and 11 pump samples were taken at 12 locations around Sweden. Overall, the concentration of microplastic particles was higher in pump samples compared to trawl samples. The median microplastic particle concentration was 0.04 particles per m−3 for manta trawl samples and 0.10 particles per m−3 in pump samples taken with a mesh size of 0.3 mm. The highest concentrations were recorded on the west coast of Sweden. Fibers were found in all samples and were also more frequent in the pump samples. Even higher concentrations of fibers and particles were found on the 0.05 mm pump filters. Using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging the majority of the particles were identified as polyethylene followed by polypropylene.
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| 34. |
- West, Janne, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Precision of MRI-based body composition measurements of postmenopausal women
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco, United States : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To determine precision of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based fat and muscle quantification in a group of postmenopausal women. Furthermore, to extend the method to individual muscles relevant to upper-body exercise. Materials and methods This was a sub-study to a randomized control trial investigating effects of resistance training to decrease hot flushes in postmenopausal women. Thirty-six women were included, mean age 56 +/- 6 years. Each subject was scanned twice with a 3.0T MR-scanner using a whole-body Dixon protocol. Water and fat images were calculated using a 6-peak lipid model including R2*-correction. Body composition analyses were performed to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes, lean volumes and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) of the muscle groups thigh muscles, lower leg muscles, and abdominal muscles, as well as the three individual muscles pectoralis, latissimus, and rhomboideus. Analysis was performed using a multi-atlas, calibrated water-fat separated quantification method. Liver-fat was measured as average proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) of three regions-of-interest. Precision was determined with Bland-Altman analysis, repeatability, and coefficient of variation. Results All of the 36 included women were successfully scanned and analysed. The coefficient of variation was 1.1% to 1.5% for abdominal fat compartments (visceral and subcutaneous), 0.8% to 1.9% for volumes of muscle groups (thigh, lower leg, and abdomen), and 2.3% to 7.0% for individual muscle volumes (pectoralis, latissimus, and rhomboideus). Limits of agreement for MFI was within +/- 2.06% for muscle groups and within +/- 5.13% for individual muscles. The limits of agreement for liver PDFF was within +/- 1.9%. Conclusion Whole-body Dixon MRI could characterize a range of different fat and muscle compartments with high precision, including individual muscles, in the study-group of postmenopausal women. The inclusion of individual muscles, calculated from the same scan, enables analysis for specific intervention programs and studies.
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| 35. |
- Wetterlund, Elisabeth, 1978-
(författare)
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System studies of forest-based biomass gasification
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bioenergy will play an important role in reaching the EU targets for renewable energy. Sweden, with abundant forest resources and a well-established forest industry, has a key position regarding modern biomass use. Biomass gasification (BMG) offers several advantages compared to biomass combustion-based processes, the most prominent being the possibility for downstream conversion to motor fuels (biofuels), and the potential for higher electrical efficiency if used for electricity generation in a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC). BMG-based processes in general have a considerable surplus of heat, which facilitates integration with district heating or industrial processes.In this thesis integration of large-scale BMG, for biofuel or electricity production, with other parts of the energy system is analysed. Focus is on forest-based biomass, with the analysis including techno-economic aspects as well as considerations regarding effects on global fossil CO2 emissions. The analysis has been done using two approaches – bottom-up with detailed case studies of BMG integrated with local systems, and top-down with BMG studied on a European scale.The results show that BMG-based biofuel or electricity production can constitute economically interesting alternatives for integration with district heating or pulp and paper production. However, due to uncertainties concerning future energy market conditions and due to the large capital commitment of investment in BMG technology, forceful economic support policies will be needed if BMG is a desired route for the future energy system, unless oil and electricity prices are high enough to provide sufficient incentives for BMG-based biofuel or electricity production. While BMG-based biofuel production could make integration with either district heating or pulp and paper production economically attractive, BIGCC shows considerably more promise if integrated with pulp and paper production than with district heating.Bioenergy use is often considered CO2-neutral, because uptake in growing plants is assumed to fully balance the CO2 released when the biomass is combusted. As one of the alternatives in this thesis, biomass is viewed as limited. This means that increased use of bioenergy in one part of the energy system limits the amount of biomass available for other applications, thus increasing the CO2 emissions for those applications. The results show that when such marginal effects of increased biomass use are acknowledged, the CO2 mitigation potential for BMG-based biofuel production becomes highly uncertain. In fact, most of the BMG-based biofuel cases studied in this thesis would lead to an increase rather than the desired decrease of global CO2 emissions, when considering biomass as limited.
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| 36. |
- Wiberg, Andreas, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Idler chirp optimization in a pulse-pumped parametric amplifier
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, PSSTMS 2013. - 9781467350600 ; , s. 159-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple engineering rule for idler characteristic optimization in pulsed fiber optic parametric amplifiers operated in transparency is derived. The theoretical results are validated in both simulations and experiments.
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| 37. |
- Wigren, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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At-home sampling to meet geographical challenges for serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in a rural region of northern Sweden, March to May 2021 : a retrospective cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC). - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 28:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted a need for easy and safe blood sampling in combination with accurate serological methodology. Venipuncture for testing is usually performed by trained staff at healthcare centres. Long travel distances to healthcare centres in rural regions may introduce a bias of testing towards relatively large communities with closer access. Rural regions are therefore often not represented in population-based data.Aim: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to develop and implement a strategy for at-home testing in a rural region of Sweden during spring 2021, and to evaluate its role to provide equal health care for its inhabitants.Methods: We developed a sensitive method to measure antibodies to the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and optimised this assay for clinical use together with a strategy of at-home capillary blood sampling.Results: We demonstrated that our ELISA gave comparable results after analysis of capillary blood or serum from SARS-CoV-2-experienced individuals. We demonstrated stability of the assay under conditions that reflected temperature and humidity during winter or summer. By assessment of capillary blood samples from 4,122 individuals, we could show both feasibility of the strategy and that implementation shifted the geographical spread of testing in favour of rural areas.Conclusion: Implementation of at-home sampling enabled citizens living in remote rural areas access to centralised and sensitive laboratory antibody tests. The strategy for testing used here could therefore enable disease control authorities to get rapid access to information concerning immunity to infectious diseases, even across vast geographical distance.
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| 38. |
- Åkerman, Magnus, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Refining the needs: An exploratory study through usability testing
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 6th International Swedish Production Symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factory competitiveness can be enhanced through the use of cognitive support tools at all levels, especially for shop floor operators. To get the most value from implementing a tool it has to fit the needs of tasks, environment and users. The aim of the study presented here was to examine how a usability test of a high fidelity prototype can add value to the need analysis phase. Results show that when using the prototype as a mediating object it can provide new insights to further refine the need analysis, especially when using an environment of high ecological validity.
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