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Sökning: WFRF:(Karlsson Malin)

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1.
  • Akselsson, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the risk of N leaching from forest soils across a steep N deposition gradient in Sweden.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 158:12, s. 3588-3595
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nitrogen leaching from boreal and temporal forests, where normally most of the nitrogen is retained, has the potential to increase acidification of soil and water and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. In parts of Sweden, where the nitrogen deposition has been intermediate to high during recent decades, there are indications that the soils are close to nitrogen saturation. In this study, four different approaches were used to assess the risk of nitrogen leaching from forest soils in different parts of Sweden. Nitrate concentrations in soil water and C:N ratios in the humus layer where interpreted, together with model results from mass balance calculations and detailed dynamic modelling. All four approaches pointed at a risk of nitrogen leaching from forest soils in southern Sweden. However, there was a substantial variation on a local scale. Basing the assessment on four different approaches makes the assessment robust.
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2.
  • Helander, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring stakeholders' perceived problems associated with the care and support of children and youth with mental ill health in Sweden : a qualitative study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. - : Springer Nature. - 1606-0997 .- 2072-1315. ; 43:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundCare and support for children and youth with mental ill health have become more specialized and are provided by an increasing number of stakeholders. As a result, services are often fragmented, inefficient and unco-ordinated, with negative consequences for the service user and their family. Enhanced collaboration could lead to improved care and support but requires a shared understanding and a joint problem formulation between involved stakeholders to commence. The aim of this study was to explore different stakeholders' perceived problems associated with delivering care and support to children and youth with mental ill health and to discuss how the perceived problems relate to collaboration.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted, using short statements of perceived problems written by stakeholders involved in the care and support of children and youth with mental ill health during an inter-organizational workshop. The 26 stakeholders represented school and student health, primary health care, specialist care, social services, and different service user organizations. Data were collected during February 2020. Inductive content analysis with a summative approach was used when analysing the data.ResultsThe perceived problems were summarized in a model consisting of four main categories: Resources and governance; Collaboration and co-ordination; Knowledge and competence; and Stigma and confidence, containing 24 subcategories. These categories and subcategories were distributed over three levels: Societal level, Organizational level and Individual level. The perceived problems were shared on the category level but to some extent varied between stakeholder groups on the subcategory level. The perceived problems were either directly or indirectly related to collaboration.ConclusionsThe perceived problems often acted as barriers to achieving successful collaboration. The problems were distributed on all three levels in the developed model, indicating a complex problem. Even though the perceived problems were shared by stakeholders on an overall level, the findings indicate that the stakeholders did not have a completely shared understanding of the perceived problems, as they tended to focus on aspects most relevant to their own organization or perceptions. The challenge is to find which perceived problems are appropriate for inter-organization problem-solving and which can be solved within individual organizations.
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3.
  • Hellsten, Sofie, et al. (författare)
  • Påverkan på atmosfäriskt nedfall och luftkvaliten i Sverige av SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet på Island, 2014-2015 : Utvärdering med Krondroppsnätets mätningar och EMEP modellen
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den 31 augusti 2014 till 27 februari 2015 pågick ett vulkanutbrott på Island med utsläpp av svaveldioxid (SO2) i samma storleksordning som de dubbla antropogena utsläppen från Europa under ett år. Merparten av svavelutsläppen från vulkanen skedde under september till november 2014. Vulkanutbrottet påverkade periodvis luftkvaliteten i Sverige, framför allt under september och oktober 2014. och i synnerhet i norra Sverige som normalt har en relativt ren miljö utan större föroreningskällor.Samtliga mätplatser inom Krondroppsnätet visade förhöjda lufthalter av SO2 i september 2014 jämfört med tidigare år. Den uppmätta genomsnittliga SO2-halten i september 2014 över Sverige, var sex gånger så hög som motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för september under 2011-2013. Ökningen var störst i norra Sverige, där lufthalterna var 25 gånger högre än normalt. I södra och mellersta Sverige var ökningen betydligt mindre, ungefär 3 gånger så hög i mellersta Sverige och dubbelt så hög i södra Sverige. Spridningsmodellering med EMEP-modellen visade att över 90 % av SO2-halterna under september 2014 i norra Sverige hade sitt ursprung i SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet.I likhet med lufthalterna ökade svavelnedfallet mest i norra Sverige, men för nedfallet var ökningen störst under oktober månad. Detta kan förklaras av att nederbördsmängden under oktober månad var hög. September månad karaktäriserades av en låg nederbördsmängd, varför en stor mängd av torrdepositionen av svavel från september, det vill säga den deposition som fastnar i trädkronorna, sköljdes ner med regnet och samlades in i krondroppsmätningarna under träd-kronorna först under oktober månad. Detta bidrog till att den totala svaveldepositionen (alltså mätningarna via krondropp) blev hög under oktober.Nedfallet av svavel med nederbörden (våtdepositionen) var ca tre gånger så hög under oktober 2014 över Sverige jämfört med motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för oktober under 2011-2013. Totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade ännu mer och var ca fem gånger högre. Nedfallet ökade mest i norra Sverige, där nedfallet över öppet fält ökade med 350 % och totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade drygt 1200 %. Motsvarande ökning i mellersta Sverige var 270 % för nedfallet över öppet fält och 760 % för totaldepositionen som krondropp. I södra Sverige var ökningen bara 130 % respektive 220 %. Spridningsberäkningen med EMEP-modellen visade att våtdepositions-andelen från vulkanen var mer än 80 % i vissa delar av norra Sverige, under tiden för vulkanutbrottet (september 2014 – februari 2015).Även om mätresultaten visar på kraftiga förhöjningar av SO2-halter och svavelnedfall på månads-basis, så syns effekten inte lika tydligt om man analyserar data för årsmedelvärden (hydrologiska år), framförallt inte i södra och mellersta Sverige. Detta beror framförallt på att inledningen av vulkanutbrottet (september 2014) tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2013/2014, medan återstoden av vulkanutbrottet tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2014/2015. Om man däremot analyserar data på kalenderåret 2014 så syns effekten tydligt i hela landet.Även om det antropogena svavelnedfallet och lufthalterna av SO2 minskat dramatiskt i Sverige under de senaste 30 åren, belyser den här studien vikten av att upprätthålla luftkvalitetsmätningar. Krondroppsnätets mätningar bekräftar inte bara återhämtning, utan är också ett användbart verktyg för att spåra effekterna av specifika föroreningshändelser såsom vulkaniska utsläpp av SO2.
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4.
  • Hellsten, Sofie, et al. (författare)
  • Påverkan på atmosfäriskt nedfall och luftkvaliten i Sverige av SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet på Island, 2014-2015
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den 31 augusti 2014 till 27 februari 2015 pågick ett vulkanutbrott på Island med utsläpp av svaveldioxid (SO2) i samma storleksordning som de dubbla antropogena utsläppen från Europa under ett år. Merparten av svavelutsläppen från vulkanen skedde under september till november 2014. Vulkanutbrottet påverkade periodvis luftkvaliteten i Sverige, framför allt under september och oktober 2014. och i synnerhet i norra Sverige som normalt har en relativt ren miljö utan större föroreningskällor. Samtliga mätplatser inom Krondroppsnätet visade förhöjda lufthalter av SO2 i september 2014 jämfört med tidigare år. Den uppmätta genomsnittliga SO2-halten i september 2014 över Sverige, var sex gånger så hög som motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för september under 2011-2013. Ökningen var störst i norra Sverige, där lufthalterna var 25 gånger högre än normalt. I södra och mellersta Sverige var ökningen betydligt mindre, ungefär 3 gånger så hög i mellersta Sverige och dubbelt så hög i södra Sverige. Spridningsmodellering med EMEP-modellen visade att över 90 % av SO2-halterna under september 2014 i norra Sverige hade sitt ursprung i SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet. I likhet med lufthalterna ökade svavelnedfallet mest i norra Sverige, men för nedfallet var ökningen störst under oktober månad. Detta kan förklaras av att nederbördsmängden under oktober månad var hög. September månad karaktäriserades av en låg nederbördsmängd, varför en stor mängd av torrdepositionen av svavel från september, det vill säga den deposition som fastnar i trädkronorna, sköljdes ner med regnet och samlades in i krondroppsmätningarna under träd¬kronorna först under oktober månad. Detta bidrog till att den totala svaveldepositionen (alltså mätningarna via krondropp) blev hög under oktober. Nedfallet av svavel med nederbörden (våtdepositionen) var ca tre gånger så hög under oktober 2014 över Sverige jämfört med motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för oktober under 2011-2013. Totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade ännu mer och var ca fem gånger högre. Nedfallet ökade mest i norra Sverige, där nedfallet över öppet fält ökade med 350 % och totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade drygt 1200 %. Motsvarande ökning i mellersta Sverige var 270 % för nedfallet över öppet fält och 760 % för totaldepositionen som krondropp. I södra Sverige var ökningen bara 130 % respektive 220 %. Spridningsberäkningen med EMEP-modellen visade att våtdepositions¬andelen från vulkanen var mer än 80 % i vissa delar av norra Sverige, under tiden för vulkanutbrottet (september 2014 – februari 2015). Även om mätresultaten visar på kraftiga förhöjningar av SO2-halter och svavelnedfall på månads-basis, så syns effekten inte lika tydligt om man analyserar data för årsmedelvärden (hydrologiska år), framförallt inte i södra och mellersta Sverige. Detta beror framförallt på att inledningen av vulkanutbrottet (september 2014) tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2013/2014, medan återstoden av vulkanutbrottet tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2014/2015. Om man däremot analyserar data på kalenderåret 2014 så syns effekten tydligt i hela landet. Även om det antropogena svavelnedfallet och lufthalterna av SO2 minskat dramatiskt i Sverige under de senaste 30 åren, belyser den här studien vikten av att upprätthålla luftkvalitetsmätningar. Krondroppsnätets mätningar bekräftar inte bara återhämtning, utan är också ett användbart verktyg för att spåra effekterna av specifika föroreningshändelser såsom vulkaniska utsläpp av SO2. This report is only available in Swedish. English summary is available in the report.
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5.
  • Karlsson, Niclas G., 1966, et al. (författare)
  • Molecular characterization of the large heavily glycosylated domain glycopeptide from the rat small intestinal Muc2 mucin.
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Glycoconjugate journal. - 0282-0080. ; 13:5, s. 823-31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The largest high-glycosylated domain, glycopeptide A, of the "insoluble' mucin complex of the rat small intestine has earlier been purified and characterized (Carlstedt et al., 1993, J Biol Chem 268: 18771-81). A rabbit antiserum raised against deglycosylated glycopeptide A was used to clone part of a mucin showing homology to the human MUC2 mucin (Hansson et al., 1994, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198. 181-90). This serum specifically stained goblet cells (paranuclear) in the mouse small intestine. The size of the coding sequence of glycopeptide A was estimated by using reversed transcriptase PCR of mRNA from an inbred rat strain (GOT-W) using primers in the unique central and C-terminal parts of the proposed rat Muc2 sequences. The PCR and Southern blot of the PCR products showed a fragment of about 5.5 kb corresponding to about 1700 amino acids when the known Cys-rich sequences used for the primers were subtracted. This is slightly larger than the size estimated earlier by biochemical studies. The mRNA encoding the rat Muc2 was slightly smaller than the mRNA encoding the human MUC2 in a colorectal cell line. Although the size of glycopeptide A estimated from biochemical results and by PCR is not identical, the results obtained here further support that the "insoluble' mucin of the rat small intestine is encoded by the Muc2 gene. Most of the oligosaccharides in glycopeptide A were either neutral (40%) or sialylated (40%). The remaining ones were sulfated with the sulfate group attached to C-6 of N-acetylglucosamine linked to C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosaminitol as revealed by tandem mass spectrometry of the perdeuteroacetylated oligosaccharides. Eighteen oligosaccharides were found of which fourteen were characterized and found to be mostly novel. Our findings thus expand the current knowledge of the core peptide of the rat intestinal goblet cell mucin and provide a relatively complete picture of the glycosylation of a defined mucin domain.
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6.
  • Karlsson, Niclas G., 1966, et al. (författare)
  • The glycosylation of rat intestinal Muc2 mucin varies between rat strains and the small and large intestine. A study of O-linked oligosaccharides by a mass spectrometric approach.
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 272:43, s. 27025-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The large glycosylated domains obtained from the rat intestinal mucin Muc2 were isolated from the large and small intestine of the inbred rat strains GOT-W and GOT-BW. The expression of the rat Muc2 in the large intestine was confirmed immunochemically and by Northern blotting. Released oligosaccharides were structurally characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (neutral and sialylated species) or by tandem mass spectrometry (sulfated species), and a total of 63 structures was assigned. The large intestinal oligosaccharides were found to be identical between the strains, while the small intestinal glycosylation differed. Until now, detailed structural analysis of oligosaccharides isolated from a single mucin core or mucin domain with different origin have not been performed, and the information of different mucin glycoforms has been limited to immunochemistry. Blood group A-determinants (GalNAcalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Galbeta1-, and structures related to the blood group Sda/Cad-related epitope NeuAc/NeuGcalpha1-3(GalNAcbeta1-4)Galbeta1-, were found in GOT-BW small intestine, and also in both large intestines. Blood group H-determinants and NeuAc/NeuGcalpha1-3Galbeta1- were found in all samples. Core 1 (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), core 2 (Galbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1-), core 3 (GlcNAcbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), and core 4 (GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1- were also found in all the samples. The large intestine were enriched in sulfated oligosaccharides and the small intestine contained higher amounts of sialylated species. Sulfation were found exclusively on C-6 of GlcNAc.
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7.
  • Karlsson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Kvinnor i avlönat husligt arbete
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Liv i rörelse : Göteborgs befolkning och arbetsmarknad 1900–1950 - Göteborgs befolkning och arbetsmarknad 1900–1950. - 9789188909947 - 9789189361225 ; , s. 173-192
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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8.
  • Liu, Ya-Jun, et al. (författare)
  • Photodissociation of Bromobenzene, Dibromobenzene, and 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 120:14, s. 6502-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Quantum chemical calculations have been performed on the ground state and several low-lying excited states of bromobenzene, ortho-, meta-, and para-dibromobenzene, and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene using high-level ab initio and hybrid density-functional methods. Experimental observations of ultrafast predissociation in these molecules are clarified from extensive theoretical information about all low-energy potential-energy curves together with symmetry arguments. The intriguing observation that o- and m-dibromobenzene have two ultrafast predissociation channels while bromobenzene, p-dibromobenzene, and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene only have one such channel is explained from the calculated potential-energy curves. These show that the lowering of point-group symmetry from C2v to Cs along the main photodissociation reaction coordinate, which only occurs in o- and m-dibromobenzene, opens up a new predissociation channel. Dynamical quantum simulations based on the calculated potential-energy curves are used to estimate the coupling strength at the intersystem crossing point in bromobenzene.
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9.
  • Pang, M-F, et al. (författare)
  • TGF-beta 1-induced EMT promotes targeted migration of breast cancer cells through the lymphatic system by the activation of CCR7/CCL21-mediated chemotaxis
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 35:6, s. 748-760
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tumor cells frequently disseminate through the lymphatic system during metastatic spread of breast cancer and many other types of cancer. Yet it is not clear how tumor cells make their way into the lymphatic system and how they choose between lymphatic and blood vessels for migration. Here we report that mammary tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) become activated for targeted migration through the lymphatic system, similar to dendritic cells (DCs) during inflammation. EMT cells preferentially migrated toward lymphatic vessels compared with blood vessels, both in vivo and in 3D cultures. A mechanism of this targeted migration was traced to the capacity of TGF-beta 1 to promote CCR7/CCL21-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells. On one hand, TGF-beta 1 promoted CCR7 expression in EMT cells through p38 MAP kinase-mediated activation of the JunB transcription factor. Blockade of CCR7, or treatment with a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, reduced lymphatic dissemination of EMT cells in syngeneic mice. On the other hand, TGF-beta 1 promoted CCL21 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. CCL21 acted in a paracrine fashion to mediate chemotactic migration of EMT cells toward lymphatic endothelial cells. The results identify TGF-beta 1-induced EMT as a mechanism, which activates tumor cells for targeted, DC-like migration through the lymphatic system. Furthermore, it suggests that p38 MAP kinase inhibition may be a useful strategy to inhibit EMT and lymphogenic spread of tumor cells.
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10.
  • Ran, Ylva, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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11.
  • Ran, Ylva, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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12.
  • Ran, Ylva, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information.This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets.We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs.If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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13.
  • Ran, Ylva, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and privatesector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consump tion, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environ mental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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14.
  • Recktenwald, Christian V, et al. (författare)
  • The structure of the second CysD domain of MUC2 and role in mucin organization by transglutaminase-based cross-linking
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Cell Reports. - 2211-1247. ; 43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The MUC2 mucin protects the colonic epithelium by a two-layered mucus with an inner attached bacteria-free layer and an outer layer harboring commensal bacteria. CysD domains are 100 amino-acid-long sequences containing 10 cysteines that separate highly O-glycosylated proline, threonine, serine (PTS) regions in mucins. The structure of the second CysD, CysD2, of MUC2 is now solved by nuclear magnetic resonance. CysD2 shows a stable stalk region predicted to be partly covered by adjacent O-glycans attached to neighboring PTS sequences, whereas the CysD2 tip with three flexible loops is suggested to be well exposed. It shows transient dimer interactions at acidic pH, weakened at physiological pH. This transient interaction can be stabilized in vitro and in vivo by transglutaminase 3-catalyzed isopeptide bonds, preferring a specific glutamine residue on one flexible loop. This covalent dimer is modeled suggesting that CysD domains act as connecting hubs for covalent stabilization of mucins to form a protective mucus.
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15.
  • Steinz, Maarten M, et al. (författare)
  • Oxidative hotspots on actin promote skeletal muscle weakness in rheumatoid arthritis
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI). - 2379-3708 .- 2324-7703 .- 2325-4556. ; 4:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Skeletal muscle weakness in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) adds to their impaired working abilities and reduced quality of life. However, little molecular insight is available on muscle weakness associated with RA. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis of RA. Here, we show that oxidative posttranslational modifications of the contractile machinery targeted to actin result in impaired actin polymerization and reduced force production. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the actin residues targeted by oxidative 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) or malondialdehyde (MDA) adduct modifications in weakened skeletal muscle from mice with arthritis and patients afflicted by RA. The residues were primarily located in 3 distinct regions positioned at matching surface areas of the skeletal muscle actin molecule from arthritic mice and patients with RA. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that these areas, here coined "hotspots," are important for the stability of the actin molecule and its capacity to generate filaments and interact with myosin. Together, these data demonstrate how oxidative modifications on actin promote muscle weakness in RA patients and may provide novel leads for targeted therapeutic treatment to improve muscle function.
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16.
  • Ståhle, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Designguide för Smarta gator
  • 2022
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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17.
  • Tuulari, Jetro J., et al. (författare)
  • Neural correlates of gentle skin stroking in early infancy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-9293 .- 1878-9307. ; 35, s. 36-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physical expressions of affection play a foundational role in early brain development, but the neural correlates of affective touch processing in infancy remain unclear. We examined brain responses to gentle skin stroking, a type of tactile stimulus associated with affectionate touch, in young infants. Thirteen term-born infants aged 11-36. days, recruited through the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, were included in the study. Soft brush strokes, which activate brain regions linked to somatosensory as well as socio-affective processing in children and adults, were applied to the skin of the right leg during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined infant brain responses in two regions-of-interest (ROIs) known to process gentle skin stroking - the postcentral gyrus and posterior insular cortex - and found significant responses in both ROIs. These results suggest that the neonate brain is responsive to gentle skin stroking within the first weeks of age, and that regions linked to primary somatosensory as well as socio-affective processing are activated. Our findings support the notion that social touch may play an important role in early life sensory processing. Future research will elucidate the significance of these findings for human brain development.
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18.
  • Wallensten, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. - 1080-6040 ; 13:3, s. 404-411
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We conducted large-scale, systematic sampling of influenza type A virus in migratory waterfowl (mostly mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) at Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeast Sweden. As with previous studies, we found a higher prevalence in fall than spring, and among juveniles compared with adults. However, in contrast to other studies, we found that prevalence in spring was sometimes high (mean 4.0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year and from 1 year to the next. Isolation of the H5 and H7 subtypes was common, which suggests risk for transmission to sensitive domestic animals such as poultry. We argue that wild bird screening can function as a sentinel system, and we give an example of how it could have been used to forecast a remote and deadly outbreak of influenza A in poultry.
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19.
  • Wang, Yunzhang, et al. (författare)
  • Comprehensive longitudinal study of epigenetic mutations in aging
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BioMed Central. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The role of DNA methylation in aging has been widely studied. However, epigenetic mutations, here defined as aberrant methylation levels compared to the distribution in a population, are less understood. Hence, we investigated longitudinal accumulation of epigenetic mutations, using 994 blood samples collected at up to five time points from 375 individuals in old ages.Results: We verified earlier cross-sectional evidence on the increase of epigenetic mutations with age, and identified important contributing factors including sex, CD19+ B cells, genetic background, cancer diagnosis, and technical artifacts. We further classified epigenetic mutations into High/Low Methylation Outliers (HMO/LMO) according to their changes in methylation, and specifically studied methylation sites (CpGs) that were prone to mutate (frequently mutated CpGs). We validated four epigenetically mutated CpGs using pyrosequencing in 93 samples. Furthermore, by using twins, we concluded that the age-related accumulation of epigenetic mutations was not related to genetic factors, hence driven by stochastic or environmental effects.Conclusions: Here we conducted a comprehensive study of epigenetic mutation and highlighted its important role in aging process and cancer development. 
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20.
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21.
  • Åberg-Bengtsson, Lisbeth, et al. (författare)
  • När Agnes fick va solen så fattade man ju precis : Om illustrationer i undervisning av yngre elever
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Resultatdialog. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173072472 ; , s. 246-254
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Att göra adekvata tolkningar av bilder och modeller kan vara verkliga stötestenar för många barn. Särskilt besvärligt förefaller det vara att tolka bilder av processer och förlopp i tryckta läromedel. Även enk-lare bilder och vanliga symboler kan dock leda till icke avsedda tolkningar. Barnen i studien föreföll i många fall betrakta illustrationerna som enbart dekoration och förbigick dem ofta om de inte direkt uppmärksammades på dem. Å andra sidan kunde illustrationer också, särskilt sådana som visade på extremer av något slag, väcka förundran och intresse.
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22.
  • Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al. (författare)
  • Individual preferences for physical exercise as secondary prevention for non-specific low back pain : a discrete choice experiment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Exercise is effective in improving non-specific low back pain (LBP). Certain components of physical exercise, such as the type, intensity and frequency of exercise, are likely to influence participation among working adults with non-specific LBP, but the value and relative importance of these components remain unknown. The study's aim was to examine such specific components and their influence on individual preferences for exercise for secondary prevention of non-specific LBP among working adults. Methods: In a discrete choice experiment, working individuals with non-specific LBP answered a webbased questionnaire. Each respondent was given ten pairs of hypothetical exercise programs and asked to choose one option from each pair. The choices comprised six attributes of exercise (i.e., type of training, design, intensity, frequency, proximity and incentives), each with either three or four levels. A conditional logit regression that reflected the random utility model was used to analyze the responses. Results: The final study population consisted of 112 participants. The participants' preferred exercise option was aerobic (i.e., cardiovascular) rather than strength training, group exercise with trainer supervision, rather than individual or unsupervised exercise. They also preferred high intensity exercise performed at least once or twice per week. The most popular types of incentive were exercise during working hours and a wellness allowance rather than coupons for sports goods. The results show that the relative value of some attribute levels differed between young adults (age <= 44 years) and older adults (age <= 45 years) in terms of the level of trainer supervision required, exercise intensity, travel time to exercise location and financial incentives. For active study participants, exercise frequency (i.e., twice per week, 1.15; CI: 0.25; 2.06) influenced choice of exercise. For individuals with more than one child, travel time (i.e., 20 minutes, - 0.55; CI: 0.65; 3.26) was also an influential attribute for choice of exercise, showing that people with children at home preferred to exercise close to home. Conclusions: This study adds to our knowledge about what types of exercise working adults with back pain are most likely to participate in. The exercise should be a cardiovascular type of training carried out in a group with trainer supervision. It should also be of high intensity and preferably performed twice per week during working hours. Coupons for sports goods do not appear to motivate physical activity among workers with LBP. The findings of the study could have a substantial impact on the planning and development of exercise provision and promotion strategies to improve non-specific LBP. Providers and employers may be able to improve participation in exercise programs for adults with non-specific LBP by focusing on the exercise components which are the most attractive. This in turn would improve satisfaction and adherence to exercise interventions aimed at preventing recurrent non-specific LBP.
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23.
  • Akula, Murali K, et al. (författare)
  • Protein prenylation restrains innate immunity by inhibiting Rac1 effector interactions
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rho family proteins are prenylated by geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), which normally target proteins to membranes for GTP-loading. However, conditional deletion of GGIase-I in mouse macrophages increases GTP-loading of Rho proteins, leading to enhanced inflammatory responses and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that heterozygous deletion of the Rho family gene Rac1, but not Rhoa and Cdc42, reverses inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice. Non-prenylated Rac1 has a high affinity for the adaptor protein Ras GTPase-activating-like protein 1 (Iqgap1), which facilitates both GTP exchange and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Rac1. Consistently, inactivating lagapl normalizes Rac1 GTP-loading, and reduces inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice, as well as prevents statins from increasing Rac1 GTP-loading and cytokine production in macrophages. We conclude that blocking prenylation stimulates Rac1 effector interactions and unleashes proinflammatory signaling. Our results thus suggest that prenylation normally restrains innate immune responses by preventing Rac1 effector interactions.
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24.
  • Almby, Kristina E., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain : Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity, and Cognitive Function During Normo- and Hypoglycemia
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 70:6, s. 1265-1277
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counterregulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. In this study, 11 subjects without diabetes with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic normo-hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- versus presurgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake, and this was similar for post- and presurgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced during hypoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen postsurgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- versus presurgery of neural networks in brain regions implicated in glucose regulation, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.
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25.
  • Alvez, Maria Bueno, et al. (författare)
  • Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.
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26.
  • Analysing text AND talk : Att analysera texter OCH samtal
  • 2014
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report originates in two workshops on text and talk, one held in Sweden and one in Finland. It aims at exploring the intersections of text analysis and conversation analysis, and at highlighting the current themes of this field of research.List of contributions:Anna-Malin Karlsson & Henna Makkonen-Craig: Texts and conversations: traditions and perspectives from Sweden and FinlandLinnea Hanell & Mona Blåsjö: Diskurs i handling: Att studera människors handlingar med medierad diskursanalysSuvi Honkanen & Riikka Nissi: Managing organizational change through joint vision building: an analysis of practices of recontextualizationKarin Hagren Idevall & Theres Bellander: Membership Categorization Analysis – för analyser av kategoriseringar i tal och skriftAnna-Malin Karlsson: Evaluering för alla? Eller: Den farliga skriftenMats Landqvist: Positionering och validitet i enkäter och fokusgruppssamtalHenna Makkonen-Craig: Aspects of dialogicity: Exploring dynamic interrelations in written discourseHenna Makkonen-Craig: The emergence of a research tradition: Dialogically-oriented linguistic discourse analysis 
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27.
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28.
  • Andersson, Annica, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • Estrogen regulates T helper 17 phenotype and localization in experimental autoimmune arthritis
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354. ; 17:32
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The incidence and progression of many autoimmune diseases are sex-biased, which might be explained by the immunomodulating properties of endocrine hormones. Treatment with estradiol potently inhibits experimental autoimmune arthritis. Interleukin-17-producing T helper cells (Th17) are key players in several autoimmune diseases, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen on Th17 cells in experimental arthritis. Methods: Ovariectomized DBA/1 mice treated with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or placebo were subjected to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and arthritis development was assessed. Th17 cells in joints and lymph nodes were studied by flow cytometry. Lymph node Th17 cells were also examined in ovariectomized estrogen receptor a-knockout mice (ERa-/-) and wild-type littermates, treated with E2 or placebo and subjected to antigen-induced arthritis. Results: E2-treated mice with established CIA showed reduced severity of arthritis and fewer Th17 cells in joints compared with controls. Interestingly, E2-treated mice displayed increased Th17 cells in lymph nodes during the early phase of the disease, dependent on ER alpha. E2 increased the expression of C-C chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) on lymph node Th17 cells as well as the expression of the corresponding C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) within lymph nodes. Conclusions: This is the first study in which the effects of E2 on Th17 cells have been characterized in experimental autoimmune arthritis. We report that E2 treatment results in an increase of Th17 cells in lymph nodes during the early phase of arthritis development, but leads to a decrease of Th17 in joints during established arthritis. Our data suggest that this may be caused by interference with the CCR6-CCL20 pathway, which is important for Th17 cell migration. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of estrogen in the development of autoimmune arthritis and opens up new fields for research concerning the sex bias in autoimmune disease.
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29.
  • Andersson, Malin E, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Signs of neuroaxonal injury in preeclampsia-A case control study.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cerebral injury is a common cause of maternal mortality due to preeclampsia and is challenging to predict and diagnose. In addition, there are associations between previous preeclampsia and stroke, dementia and epilepsy later in life. The cerebral biomarkers S100B, neuron specific enolase, (NSE), tau protein and neurofilament light chain (NfL) have proven useful as predictors and diagnostic tools in other neurological disorders. This case-control study sought to determine whether cerebral biomarkers were increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a marker of cerebral origin and potential cerebral injury in preeclampsia and if concentrations in CSF correlated to concentrations in plasma.CSF and blood at delivery from 15 women with preeclampsia and 15 women with normal pregnancies were analysed for the cerebral biomarkers S100B, NSE, tau protein and NfL by Simoa and ELISA based methods. MRI brain was performed after delivery and for women with preeclampsia also at six months postpartum.Women with preeclampsia demonstrated increased CSF- and plasma concentrations of NfL and these concentrations correlated to each other. CSF concentrations of NSE and tau were decreased in preeclampsia and there were no differences in plasma concentrations of NSE and tau between groups. For S100B, serum concentrations in preeclampsia were increased but there was no difference in CSF concentrations of S100B between women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.NfL emerges as a promising circulating cerebral biomarker in preeclampsia and increased CSF concentrations point to a neuroaxonal injury in preeclampsia, even in the absence of clinically evident neurological complications.
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30.
  • Andersson, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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31.
  • Arnerup, Jenny, et al. (författare)
  • Variation in growth of Heterobasidion parviporum in a full-sib family of Picea abies
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 25:2, s. 106-110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heterobasidion parviporum (Fr.) Niemelä & Korhonen and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato are some of the major forest pathogens in the northern hemisphere causing root and butt rot to conifers. The relative susceptibility to H. parviporum was investigated in a full-sib family of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] by inoculating a set of 252 cloned progenies from a controlled cross. Four ramets of each progeny were used and the 2-year-old rooted cuttings were incubated for 6 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The condition of the cuttings was assessed visually and all the plants were in excellent vigour with no mortality recorded during the experiment. To score the relative susceptibility, lesion length in the inner bark and fungal growth in the sapwood were measured. Among the progenies, significant differences were found for fungal growth in the sapwood (p<0.0005). There was no significant difference for lesion length; however, there was a significant positive correlation between fungal growth and lesion length. The broad-sense heritability was 0.11 for fungal growth. This shows that the genetic component for susceptibility to H. parviporum can be detected even within a full-sib family of Norway spruce and that there is a potential for mapping quantitative trait loci for this trait in Norway spruce.
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32.
  • B Jensen, Irene, et al. (författare)
  • Promoting Evidence-Based Practice for Improved Occupational Safety and Health at Workplaces in Sweden. Report on a Practice-Based Research Network Approach.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the rapid growth in research and R&D expenditures, the translation of research into practice is limited. One approach to increase the translation and utilization of research is practice based research networks. With the aim of strengthening evidence-based practice (EBP) within occupational health services in Sweden (OH-Services), a practice-based research network (PBRN-OSH) was developed. The PBRN-OSH includes researchers and representatives from end-users. This paper reports on the development, outputs and lessons learned in the PBRN-OSH. The PBRN-OSH resulted in several practice-based research projects as well as different measures to ensure EBP in OSH such as the governmentally sanctioned national guidelines for the OH-services. Moreover, results show that the competence in EBP increased among practitioners at the OH-services. Conducting research in a PBRN is more resource demanding; however, this does not imply that it is less cost effective. To succeed in increasing the utility of research findings via PBRN, resources must be invested into an infrastructure that supports collaboration in the PBRN, including costs for a variety of means of dissemination. Further, translation activities need to be included in academic career paths and reward systems if a major improvement in the impact and return of investments from research is to be expected.
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33.
  • Baresel, Christian, et al. (författare)
  • Rening av hormoner vid avloppsreningsverk i kalla klimat : En kunskapssammanställning och lärdomar från pilottester vid Fillan ARV i Sundsvall
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Vid tre av de största avloppsreningsverken i Sundsvall kommun har IVL genomfört en förstudie med syftet att utreda förutsättningar för en fullskaleinstallation för rening av läkemedelsrester från avloppsvatten. Förstudien visade att det framför allt var hormoner som utgjorde den största risken för negativ påverkan på vattenförekomsten. Eftersom Sundsvall kommun har planer för en framtida utbyggnad med kväverening vid Fillan ARV, föddes en tanke om huruvida en sådan utbyggnad även skulle kunna bidra till att hormonhalterna i utgående avloppsvatten minskar till icke-detekterbara nivåer.Detta mot bakgrund av att minskade hormonhalter observerats vid avloppsreningsverk med kväverening i södra Sverige. Om motsvarande minskning av utgående hormonhalter skulle observeras vid en utbyggd kväverening i Sundsvall kommun, skulle detta leda till att de observerade miljöriskerna i recipienten eliminerades.Med ekonomiskt stöd från Naturvårdsverket, och med hjälp av en befintlig pilotanläggning för studier av kväverening i kalla klimat via rörliga biofilmsreaktorer med bärare (MBBR), genomfördes under åren 2021 och 2023 en kompletterande förstudie vars resultat presenteras i denna rapport. Projektet har fokuserat på rening av hormoner och hormonstörande effekter vid implementering av kväverening i kalla klimat. Det övergripande målet har varit att öka kunskapen om kväverening och nedbrytning av hormoner vid låga temperaturer och att identifiera kunskapsluckor.Denna kunskap ska stödja planering och implementering av reningsprocesser vid höga hormonhalter i avloppsvatten i kalla klimat.Föreliggande rapport sammanställer dels kunskap om rening av hormoner och hormonstörande ämnen vid avloppsreningsverk utifrån i huvudsak en svensk kontext, dels resultat från genomförda pilottester vid Fillan ARV i Sundsvall. Genomgående under projektperioden observerades att kväve kunde reduceras med mer än 70 % i genomsnitt. Veckovisa analyser av hormoner och hormonstörande effekter, samt månadsvisa analyser av läkemedelsrester, visade däremot på en stor variation av inkommande halter och reningrader.En genomgående, och förväntad trend, var att halterna av östrogena effekter följde detekterade halter av både östron och östradiol. Halten av etinylöstradiol, däremot, detekterades inte i något av de analyserade proverna under hela projektperioden. Vid de tillfällen där reduktionsgraden av hormonerna var närmare 80 %, var det fortfarande höga halter av hormoner i utgående avloppsvatten, vilket bland annat kunde förklaras med höga inkommande halter. Inga tydliga samband mellan höga reduktionshalter av hormoner och kväve eller andra processrelaterade aspekter kunde observeras. Detta resultat indikerar att reduktion av hormoner och kväverening i huvudsak utförs av skilda grupper av mikroorganismer. En högre reduktion av hormoner kunde däremot observeras i filtrerade prover relativt ofiltrerade, något som delvis kan förklara den låga hormonreduktion efter MBBR-processen som vid dessa försök saknade en partikelavskiljning. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att hypotesen kring att kväverening effektivt kan rena bort hormoner i kalla klimat med en MBBR-teknik inte kan bekräftas vid de betingelser som utvärderats i denna rapport. Det kunde inte heller bekräftas när temperaturen ökade med 4 °C i processen eftersom ingen signifikant påverkan på reningsgraden för varken hormoner, hormonstörande effekter eller läkemedelsrester kunde observeras. Utifrån data från denna rapport kan det därför konstateras att vid anläggningar i norra Sverige, där höga hormonhalter utgör huvudproblemet avseende påverkan på recipient, kan en avancerad rening för att ta bort hormoner och deras effekter behövas, åtminstone i de fall där biofilmsprocesser såsom MBBR implementeras. 
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34.
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35.
  • Bellander, Theres, et al. (författare)
  • Patient participation and learning in medical consultations about congenital heart defects
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this article, patient activity in 8 audio recorded specialist consultations on fetal cardiology is investigated in order to explore how, why and when patients tend to participate in encounters in which the doctor dominates the interaction. The overall question is: How can the participation of patients in the consultations be connected to the development of higher levels of health literacy, i.e. to interactive literacy and to critical literacy? Patient participation is here understood as interactive action and is analyzed in terms of different interactive moves, which are related to different recurring topics. Despite the highly standardized format of the consultations, there is a large variation between the patients’ participation: between 0.7 and 2.8 moves per minute. The patients participate most during the topics ‘Prevalence’ and ‘Consultations’ and least during the topic ‘The normal heart’. Although most of the patients' moves are responses to what the doctor says, they remarkably often pose questions and use so called rejoinders. By posing questions, they take control of the information flow and sometimes even change the topics. By using rejoinders, they analyze the problems involved in the discussion e.g. by asking for clarifications or confirmation. Patients with a low over-all participation rate also use fewer moves that indicate higher literacy levels. The qualitative analysis problematizes the idea of a simple scale from basic literacy to critical literacy. Moves that indicate basic literacy skills are interactively important for the learning activity, led by the doctor. However, patients who mainly support the doctor’s initiatives don’t take the opportunity to influence the flow of information in ways that might favor their health literacy development.
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36.
  • Bellander, Theres, 1977- (författare)
  • Ungdomars dagliga interaktion : En språkvetenskaplig studie av sex gymnasieungdomars bruk av tal, skrift och interaktionsmedier
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis explores young people's interaction with different individuals through a variety of media. Three girls and three boys aged 16–18, from an urban school, a rural school and a suburban school, were each observed for a week, at school, at home and during leisure activities. The data analysed consist of field notes, video and audio recordings, and texts written by the participants. The aim of the study is to investigate how young people’s use of language varies in relation to different contexts. Questions are asked about what activities they participate in, what media they use and how they use them, and how they express themselves orally and in writing in different contexts and through different media. The study is based in sociolinguistic theory and activity type theory. Data were collected using ethnographical methods, and analytical tools were drawn from a broadly defined field of discourse analysis. The investigation sheds light on the relationship between what young people are doing socially in any given situation and how they interact. Variation in linguistic styles is made visible by a study of the same individuals involved in different communicative activities. Young people are shown to be a heterogeneous group who engage in different sets of activities. The study questions prevailing definitions and categorisations of adolescents’ linguistic styles and use of electronic media. The outcome is a complex description of everyday interaction, which is found to be shaped by the frames for communicative activities, the technical characteristics of the media employed, and individual factors. In conversational turns, Internet chat messages and text messages, young people select resources from their individual linguistic repertoires in order to achieve specific goals or construct particular roles through their interaction.
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37.
  • Bergengren, Lovisa, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison between professional sampling and self-sampling for HPV-based cervical cancer screening among postmenopausal women
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 142:3, s. 359-364
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether self-sampling is as reliable as professional sampling for HPV testing and genotype detection among postmenopausal women.METHODS: In the present prospective cross-sectional study, women in Örebro County, Sweden, who had high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and normal cytology results in exit screening tests conducted in between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, were invited to follow-up screenings between February 24, 2015 and May 15, 2015, that included professional sampling and self-sampling. HPV genotypes were identified by a DNA-based assay that could detect 35 HPV genotypes. Findings between the different sampling methods were compared.RESULTS: Of 143 women who participated, 119 returned a self-sample. Completely concordant results were observed in 67 of these samples when both hrHPV and low-risk HPV genotypes were analyzed. Overall, 99 (83.2%) women had the same clinically relevant finding from both sampling methods. Twenty women had discordant hrHPV results (hrHPV detected in 10 self-samples vs 10 professionally collected samples; Cohen κ 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.80). There was no significant difference between the two sampling methods for clinically significant infections (P>0.99) or extended genotyping (P=0.827).CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women could be offered self-sampling devices to increase screening-program coverage while maintaining test quality.
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38.
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39.
  • Berghammer, Malin, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Self-reported health status (EQ-5D) in adults with congenital heart disease
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 165:3, s. 537-543
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Today, more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach adulthood. There are conflicting findings concerning the relationship between quality of life (QoL) or health state for adults with CHD and the complexity of their CHD. The aim of the study was, firstly, to compare the reported health status and health perception of adult patients with CHD and, secondly, to investigate what variables influenced the patients' health status and health perception. Methods: Data from 1435 patients completing the EQ-5D questionnaire, which includes reported health status and health perception, were analyzed. Results: Valid EQ-5D data were reported by 1274 patients, showing overall results indicating a good health status. Problems were most frequently reported in the dimension "pain/discomfort" (31.9%) and "anxiety/depression" (29.8%). Higher occurrence of problems were reported by patients with complex disease i.e. single ventricle (p<0.001) and by female patients (p<0.0001). Symptomatic patients reported a lower health status (p<0.0001) and a lower perceived health on EQ-VAS (p<0.0001). Of the asymptomatic patients, 20.5% nevertheless reported problems in "pain/discomfort" and 22.2% in the "anxiety/depression" dimension. Conclusion: The health status of adults with CHD is influenced by symptoms, NYHA-classification, age and gender. Adults with CHD report a lower occurrence of problems in comparison to previously published results from a general population, but the importance of actively asking about the patient's experience is demonstrated by the high degree of asymptomatic patients reporting problems on EQ-5D. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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40.
  • Bergström, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing the Effects of the mTOR Inhibitors Azithromycin and Rapamycin on In Vitro Expanded Regulatory T Cells
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 28:12, s. 1603-1613
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adoptive transfer of autologous polyclonal regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a promising option for reducing graft rejection in allogeneic transplantation. To gain therapeutic levels of Tregs there is a need to expand obtained cells ex vivo, usually in the presence of the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin due to its ability to suppress proliferation of non-Treg T cells, thus promoting a purer Treg yield. Azithromycin is a bacteriostatic macrolide with mTOR inhibitory activity that has been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects on several types of immune cells. In this study we investigated the effects of Azithromycin, compared with Rapamycin, on Treg phenotype, growth, and function when expanding bulk, naive, and memory Tregs. Furthermore, the intracellular concentration of Rapamycin in CD4+ T cells as well as in the culture medium was measured for up to 48 h after supplemented. Treg phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and Treg function was measured as inhibition of responder T-cell expansion in a suppression assay. The concentration of Rapamycin was quantified with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Azithromycin and Rapamycin both promoted a FoxP3-positive Treg phenotype in bulk Tregs, while Rapamycin also increased FoxP3 and FoxP3+Helios positivity in naive and memory Tregs. Furthermore, Rapamycin inhibited the expansion of naive Tregs, but also increased their suppressive effect. Rapamycin was quickly degraded in 37 degrees C medium, yet was retained intracellularly. While both compounds may benefit expansion of FoxP3+ Tregs in vitro, further studies elucidating the effects of Azithromycin treatment on Tregs are needed to determine its potential use.
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41.
  • Bianchi, Marco, 1974- (författare)
  • Runor som resurs : Vikingatida skriftkultur i Uppland och Södermanland
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Viking Age rune-carvers and their readers used runes as a semiotic resource to convey and structure the messages on rune-stones. An analysis of the ways in which this resource is used together with other resources gives us a deeper insight into the relationship between writers and readers and into the written culture in which the rune-stones were produced.The present study treats runic carvings as multimodal texts in which different semiotic modes produce meaning by visual and verbal means. The roles played by runes in such texts are studied from three different perspectives. The empirical study in chapter 3 investigates how the verbal messages of the inscriptions interrelate with ornamental compositions. The most important convention found is that runic inscriptions usually start in the lower left part of the ornamental band in which they are inscribed. A second result is that there is a certain correlation between the visual and syntactic structure of runic texts. In chapter 4, Södermanlandic inscriptions employing more than one writing system are investigated. These carvings can be tied to a context of high social ambition in which at least two different, socially stratified discourses are expressed by means of the runes as a visual semiotic mode. Chapter 5 is devoted to non-lexical inscriptions, showing that such carvings are indeed runic texts despite their lack of verbal message.Different types of readers can use runic resources in different ways. Firstly, runes carry meaning independent of any verbal message, giving them significance even to illiterate readers. Secondly, literate readers can appreciate certain conventions of runic composition and, thirdly, one and the same runic text can be part of different discourses and hence be aimed at different kinds of readers.
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42.
  • Bjurling-Sjöberg, Petronella, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Resilient performance in healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic (ResCOV) : study protocol for a multilevel grounded theory study on adaptations, working conditions, ethics and patient safety.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged societies and revealed the built-in fragility and dependencies in complex adaptive systems, such as healthcare. The pandemic has placed healthcare providers and systems under unprecedented amounts of strain with potential consequences that have not yet been fully elucidated. This multilevel project aims to explore resilient performance with the purpose of improving the understanding of how healthcare has adapted during the pandemic's rampage, the processes involved and the consequences on working conditions, ethics and patient safety.METHODS: An emerging explorative multilevel design based on grounded theory methodology is applied. Open and theoretical sampling is performed. Empirical data are gathered over time from written narratives and qualitative interviews with staff with different positions in healthcare organisations in two Swedish regions. The participants' first-person stories are complemented with data from the healthcare organisations' internal documents and national and international official documents.ANALYSIS: Experiences and expressions of resilient performance at different system levels and times, existing influencing risk and success factors at the microlevels, mesolevels and macrolevels and inter-relationships and consequences in different healthcare contexts, are explored using constant comparative analysis. Finally, the data are complemented with the current literature to develop a substantive theory of resilient performance during the pandemic.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This project is ethically approved and recognises the ongoing strain on the healthcare system when gathering data. The ongoing pandemic provides unique possibilities to study system-wide adaptive capacity across different system levels and times, which can create an important basis for designing interventions focusing on preparedness to manage current and future challenges in healthcare. Feedback is provided to the settings to enable pressing improvements. The findings will also be disseminated through scientific journals and conferences.
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43.
  • Björkvall, Anders, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • The materiality of discourses and the semiotics of materials : A social perspective on the meaning potentials of written texts and furniture
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Semiotica. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0037-1998 .- 1613-3692. ; 187:1-4, s. 141-165
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Based on two studies of different meaning-making phenomena, post-it notes and furniture, this paper highlights the role of materiality in everyday semiosis. A perspective on the semiotics of material artifacts is adopted, in which the “social” in combination with the specific affordances of materials are crucial for meaning-making. Partially in opposition to a Saussurean view of the semiotic sign, it is argued that materiality in itself contributes to meaning-making, through discourses and activity types. This paper contributes to the theoretical and the methodological dialogue between social semiotics and other approaches in the wider field of semiotic research.
  •  
44.
  • Blomstrand, Malin, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • No clinically relevant effect on cognitive outcomes after low-dose radiation to the infant brain: A population-based cohort study in Sweden
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:9, s. 1143-1150
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While the detrimental effects of cranial radiotherapy on the developing brain are well known, the effects on cognitive performance of low doses of ionizing radiation is less studied. We performed a population-based cohort study to determine whether low doses of ionizing radiation to the brain in infancy affects cognitive function later in life. Further we hypothesized that the dose to the hippocampus predicts cognitive late side effects better than the anterior or the posterior brain doses. Material and methods. During 1950 - 1960 3860 boys were treated with radiation in Sweden for cutaneous hemangiomas before the age of 18 months. Of these, 3030 were analyzed for military test scores at the age of 18 years and 2559 for the highest obtained educational level. Results. Logical, spatial and technical test scores were not affected by increasing irradiation doses. The verbal test scores displayed a significant trend for decreasing scores with increasing doses to the hippocampus (p = 0.005). However, the absolute mean difference between the zero dose and the highest dose category (median 680 mGy) was very small, only 0.64 stanine points, and the significance was dependent on the highest dose category, containing few subjects. The educational level was not affected by brain irradiation. Overall, the hippocampal dose was a better predictor of late cognitive side effects than the doses to the anterior or the posterior brain. In conclusion, there was no decrease in logical, spatial and technical verbal or global test scores after ionizing radiation doses up to 250 mGy, but a subtle decrease in verbal test scores if the highest dose category was included (median 680 mGy). However, the clinical relevance of this decline in the highest dose group is questionable, since we could not find any effect on the highest obtained educational level.
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45.
  • Borg, O Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Photochemistry of bromofluorobenzenes.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: J Phys Chem A Mol Spectrosc Kinet Environ Gen Theory. - 1089-5639. ; 110, s. 7045-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
46.
  •  
47.
  • Brogren, Helén, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Heterogeneous glycosylation patterns of human PAI-1 may reveal its cellular origin.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Thrombosis research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848. ; 122:2, s. 271-81
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The main inhibitor of intravascular fibrinolysis is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) which binds to and irreversibly inhibits tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). PAI-1 is present in blood, both in platelets and in plasma, and PAI-1 levels are associated with risk of atherothrombosis. Several tissues express PAI-1 but the source of plasma PAI-1 is not known. We recently found that platelets can de novo synthesize PAI-1 and the amount synthesized in vitro in 24 hours is 35-fold higher than required to maintain normal plasma levels. Recombinant human PAI-1 expressed in different cell types or secreted naturally by human cell lines, exhibit heterogeneous glycosylation patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that platelets might be the source of plasma PAI-1 and that the cellular source of PAI-1 can be determined by its tissue-specific glycosylation pattern. PAI-1 was isolated from platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, adipose tissue, as well as plasma from lean and obese subjects. The glycosylation was analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS. PAI-1 isolated from cell lysates and conditioned media from macrophages, endothelial cells, and adipose tissue expressed heterogeneous glycosylation patterns. By contrast, no glycans were detected on PAI-1 isolated from plasma or platelets from healthy lean individuals. Hence, our data suggest that platelets may be the main source of plasma PAI-1 in lean individuals. Interestingly, plasma PAI-1 from obese subjects had a glycan composition similar to that of adipose tissue suggesting that obese subjects with elevated PAI-1 levels may have a major contribution from other tissues.
  •  
48.
  • Bry, Kristina, 1953, et al. (författare)
  • Communication skills training enhances nurses' ability to respond with empathy to parents' emotions in a neonatal intensive care unit
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:4, s. 397-406
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimWe quantitatively analysed the effect of a course in communication on the content of nurse-parent encounters and the ability of nurses to respond to the empathic needs of parents in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. MethodsWe evaluated 36 and 45 nurse-parent encounters audio recorded before and after 13 neonatal nurses attended a communication course. The number of empathic opportunities, the nurses' responses to these and the ways they involved parents in their infants' care were studied. ResultsBoth before and after the course, the nurses talked more than the parents during the conversations. This nurse-centredness decreased after the course. The use of empathic or exploring responses to empathic opportunities increased from 19.9 9.0% to 53.8 +/- 8.9% (p = 0.027), whereas ignoring the feelings of the parents or giving inadequate advice decreased from 63.0 +/- 10.0% to 27.5 +/- 8.4% (p = 0.043) after the course. Use of statements expressing caring for the parents and encouragement for parents to participate in the care of their infant increased after the course (p = 0.0034 and p = 0.043, respectively). The nurses felt the course was very useful for their profession. ConclusionA course in communication techniques improved nurses' ability to respond to parents' feelings with empathy.
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49.
  • Bräutigam, Malin, et al. (författare)
  • [Primary PTCA or thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction?]. : Primär PTCA eller trombolys vid akut hjärtinfarkt?
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 98:32-33, s. 3392-5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In acute ST-elevation infarction two different reperfusion strategies--thrombolytic medication and acute coronary angiography--have proved to improve the prognosis. The clinical course for patients with ST-elevation infarction is described in relation to whether they received thrombolytic medication or underwent acute coronary angiography with the aim of mechanical revascularization. The one-year mortality was high (20 percent) regardless of treatment strategy. In terms of morbidity there were no clear differences between the two treatment groups.
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50.
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