| 1. |
- Smith, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature (London). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 533:7604, s. 539-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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| 2. |
- Zeng, Chenjie, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Method: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation. Results: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 x 10(-9)), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 x 10(-5)), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 x 10(-4)) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 x 10(-5)) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study identified four independent association signals at 12p11 and revealed potentially functional variants, providing additional insights into the underlying biological mechanism(s) for the association observed between variants at 12p11 and breast cancer risk.
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| 3. |
- Frazier-Wood, Alexis C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48, s. 624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (vertical bar(p) over cap vertical bar approximate to 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association.
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| 4. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
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| 5. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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| 6. |
- Chen, X., et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study of IgM antibody against phosphorylcholine: shared genetics and phenotypic relationship to chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 27:10, s. 1809-1818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), apoptotic cells and several pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunoglobulin M against PC (IgM anti-PC) has the ability to inhibit uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and increase clearance of apoptotic cells. From our genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in four European-ancestry cohorts, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11q24.1 were discovered (in 3002 individuals) and replicated (in 646 individuals) to be associated with serum level of IgM anti-PC (the leading SNP rs35923643-G, combined beta = 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.24, P = 4.3 x 10-11). The haplotype tagged by rs35923643-G (or its proxy SNP rs735665-A) is also known as the top risk allele for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and a main increasing allele for general IgM. By using summary GWAS results of IgM anti-PC and CLL in the polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis, PRS on the basis of IgM anti-PC risk alleles positively associated with CLL risk (explained 0.6% of CLL variance, P = 1.2 x 10-15). Functional prediction suggested that rs35923643-G might impede the binding of Runt-related transcription factor 3, a tumor suppressor playing a central role in the immune regulation of cancers. Contrary to the expectations from the shared genetics between IgM anti-PC and CLL, an inverse relationship at the phenotypic level was found in a nested case-control study (30 CLL cases with 90 age- and sex-matched controls), potentially reflecting reverse causation. The suggested function of the top variant as well as the phenotypic association between IgM anti-PC and CLL risk needs replication and motivates further studies.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kirchhoff, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer risk and 6q22.33 : combined results from Breast Cancer Association Consortium and Consortium of Investigators on Modifiers of BRCA1/2
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library of science. - 1932-6203. ; 7:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, a locus on chromosome 6q22.33 (rs2180341) was reported to be associated with increased breast cancer risk in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population, and this association was also observed in populations of non-AJ European ancestry. In the present study, we performed a large replication analysis of rs2180341 using data from 31,428 invasive breast cancer cases and 34,700 controls collected from 25 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). In addition, we evaluated whether rs2180341 modifies breast cancer risk in 3,361 BRCA1 and 2,020 BRCA2 carriers from 11 centers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Based on the BCAC data from women of European ancestry, we found evidence for a weak association with breast cancer risk for rs2180341 (per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06, p = 0.023). There was evidence for heterogeneity in the ORs among studies (I(2) = 49.3%; p = <0.004). In CIMBA, we observed an inverse association with the minor allele of rs2180341 and breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (per-allele OR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.80-1.00, p = 0.048), indicating a potential protective effect of this allele. These data suggest that that 6q22.33 confers a weak effect on breast cancer risk.
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| 9. |
- Lee, James J, et al.
(författare)
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Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 50:8, s. 1112-1121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1million individuals and identify 1,271independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments. The SNPs implicate genes involved in brain-development processes and neuron-to-neuron communication. In a separate analysis of the X chromosome, we identify 10independent genome-wide-significant SNPs and estimate a SNP heritability of around 0.3% in both men and women, consistent with partial dosage compensation. A joint (multi-phenotype) analysis of educational attainment and three related cognitive phenotypes generates polygenic scores that explain 11-13% of the variance in educational attainment and 7-10% of the variance in cognitive performance. This prediction accuracy substantially increases the utility of polygenic scores as tools in research.
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| 10. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 11. |
- Abayneh, Sisay A, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of HIV-1 primary isolates to human anti-CD40 antibody-mediated suppression is related to co-receptor use
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1931-8405 .- 0889-2229. ; 24:3, s. 447-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of CD40 ligation on infection by HIV-1 primary isolates with different R5 phenotypes was evaluated with a novel set of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies originating from a human phage display library. Five human monoclonal anti-CD40 antibodies of IgG1 subtype characterized by the ability to activate B cells via CD40 were tested for induction of the CC-chemokines RANTES and MIP-1alpha and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). All activating anti-CD40 antibodies were able to induce CC-chemokines in MDM. We chose the most potent antibody, clone B44, for further experiments. This antibody had a suppressive effect on HIV-1 isolates of the R5 phenotype with limited use of CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors. In comparison, HIV-1 isolates with broader use of CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors or with CXCR4 use were less sensitive to anti-CD40-induced suppression. The results indicate that HIV-1 replication is inhibited by human anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies through the mechanism of CC-chemokine induction. This effect is thus restricted to HIV-1 isolates sensitive to inhibition by CC-chemokines.
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| 12. |
- Abbott, Benjamin W., et al.
(författare)
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Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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| 13. |
- Abou-Hachem, Maher, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium binding and thermostability of carbohydrate binding module CBM4-2 of Xyn10A from Rhodothermus marinus.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 41:18, s. 5720-5729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcium binding to carbohydrate binding module CBM4-2 of xylanase 10A (Xyn10A) from Rhodothermus marinus was explored using calorimetry, NMR, fluorescence, and absorbance spectroscopy. CBM4-2 binds two calcium ions, one with moderate affinity and one with extremely high affinity. The moderate-affinity site has an association constant of (1.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(5) M(-1) and a binding enthalpy DeltaH(a) of -9.3 +/- 0.4 kJ x mol(-1), while the high-affinity site has an association constant of approximately 10(10) M(-1) and a binding enthalpy DeltaH(a) of -40.5 +/- 0.5 kJ x mol(-1). The locations of the binding sites have been identified by NMR and structural homology, and were verified by site-directed mutagenesis. The high-affinity site consists of the side chains of E11 and D160 and backbone carbonyls of E52 and K55, while the moderate-affinity site comprises the side chain of D29 and backbone carbonyls of L21, A22, V25, and W28. The high-affinity site is in a position analogous to the calcium site in CBM4 structures and in a recent CBM22 structure. Binding of calcium increases the unfolding temperature of the protein (T(m)) by approximately 23 degrees C at pH 7.5. No correlation between binding affinity and T(m) change was noted, as each of the two calcium ions contributes almost equally to the increase in unfolding temperature.
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| 14. |
- Ahlström, Christer, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Suspected Aortic Stenosis by Auto Mutual Information Analysis of Murmurs
- 2007
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Ingår i: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. - 9781424407873 ; , s. 1945-1948
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild sclerotic thickening of the aortic valve affects 25% of the population, and the condition causes aortic valve stenosis (AS) in 2% of adults above 65 years. Echocardiography is today the clinical standard for assessing AS. However, a cost effective and uncomplicated technique that can be used for decision support in the primary health care would be of great value. In this study, recorded phonocardiographic signals were analyzed using the first local minimum of the auto mutual information (AMI) function. The AMI method measures the complexity in the sound signal, which is related to the amount of turbulence in the blood flow and thus to the severity of the stenosis. Two previously developed phonocardiographic methods for assessing AS severity were used for comparison, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique. Twenty-nine patients with suspected AS were examined with Doppler echocardiography. The aortic jet velocity was used as a reference of AS severity, and it was found to correlate with the AMI method, the murmur energy ratio and the sound spectral averaging technique with the correlation coefficient R = 0.82, R = 0.73 and R = 0.76, respectively.
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| 15. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Feature Extraction for Systolic Heart Murmur Classification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Biomedical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6964 .- 1573-9686. ; 34:11, s. 1666-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart murmurs are often the first signs of pathological changes of the heart valves, and they are usually found during auscultation in the primary health care. Distinguishing a pathological murmur from a physiological murmur is however difficult, why an “intelligent stethoscope” with decision support abilities would be of great value. Phonocardiographic signals were acquired from 36 patients with aortic valve stenosis, mitral insufficiency or physiological murmurs, and the data were analyzed with the aim to find a suitable feature subset for automatic classification of heart murmurs. Techniques such as Shannon energy, wavelets, fractal dimensions and recurrence quantification analysis were used to extract 207 features. 157 of these features have not previously been used in heart murmur classification. A multi-domain subset consisting of 14, both old and new, features was derived using Pudil’s sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method. This subset was compared with several single domain feature sets. Using neural network classification, the selected multi-domain subset gave the best results; 86% correct classifications compared to 68% for the first runner-up. In conclusion, the derived feature set was superior to the comparative sets, and seems rather robust to noisy data.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Patiyan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analysis of penile cancer using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The availability of genome-wide high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays makes it possible to in a structured manner study chromosome aberrations in penile cancer where little is known of disruptive genetic events. In this study 19 penile squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed using the 250k NspI SNP array from Affymetrix. We find major regions of frequent copy number gain in chromosome arms 3q, 5p and 8q, and slightly less frequent in 1p, 16q and 20q. The chromosomal regions of most frequent copy number losses were 3p, 4q, 11p and 13q. We identified four candidate genes residing in the major chromosomal regions of aberration. Eight tumours showed copy number gain of the PIK3CA gene located to 3q26.3. Five of the remaining tumours carried an activating mutation of the PIK3CA gene and these tumours showed very few chromosomal aberrations. Collectively, disruption of the PIK3CA gene was found in 13/19 samples, and presence of active phosphorylated AKT was confirmed immunohistochemically in these tumours indicating an active signalling pathway. We found copy number gain of the hTERT gene (5p15.33) in 7 samples and of the Myc gene (8q24.21) in 7 samples. Copy number loss of the tumoursuppressor gene FHIT (3p14.2) was observed in 8 samples, the same 8 samples that showed copy number gain of the PIK3CA gene. In total the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways were found to be activated through mutation or amplification in 64% of the cases, indicating the significance of these pathways in the aetiology of penile cancer.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Patiyan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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PIK3CA, HRAS and KRAS gene mutations in human penile cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - New York, USA : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 179:5, s. 2030-2034
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The knowledge of somatic mutations that arise in penile cancer is limited. We examined the dysregulation of components in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Ras pathways. Materials and Methods: Using single stranded conformational analysis and direct sequencing we performed mutational analysis of the PIK3CA, PTEN, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes in 28 penile tumors. Results: We identified somatic missense mutations in 11 of the 28 penile cancer samples (39%). In the PIK3CA gene 8 mutations (29%) were identified that were E542K or E545K. In the HRAS gene a G12S and a Q61L mutation were found (7%). The KRAS gene contained 1 mutation (3%), that is a G12S change. PIK3CA mutations were found in all grades and stages, whereas HRAS and KRAS mutations were found in larger and more advanced tumors. The mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that dysregulation of either pathway is sufficient for the development and progression of penile carcinoma. Conclusions: The high frequency of mutations in the PIK3CA, HRAS and KRAS genes leads us to believe that dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Ras pathway is significant for the development and progression of penile carcinoma.
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| 18. |
- Assenhöj, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Protein interaction, monocyte toxicity and immunogenic properties of cerium oxide crystals with 5% or 14% gadolinium, cobalt oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles–an interdisciplinary approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 15:8, s. 1035-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in both consumer products and medical applications, but the knowledge regarding exposure-related health effects is limited. However, it is challenging to investigate nanoparticle interaction processes with biological systems. The overall aim of this project was to improve the possibility to predict exposure-related health effects of metal oxide nanoparticles through interdisciplinary collaboration by combining workflows from the pharmaceutical industry, nanomaterial sciences, and occupational medicine. Specific aims were to investigate nanoparticle-protein interactions and possible adverse immune reactions. Four different metal oxide nanoparticles; CeOx nanocrystals with 5% or 14% Gd, Co3O4, and Fe2O3, were characterized by dynamic light scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticle-binding proteins were identified and screened for HLA-binding peptides in silico. Monocyte interaction with nanoparticle–protein complexes was assessed in vitro. Herein, for the first time, immunogenic properties of nanoparticle-binding proteins have been characterized. The present study indicates that especially Co3O4-protein complexes can induce both ‘danger signals’, verified by the production of inflammatory cytokines and simultaneously bind autologous proteins, which can be presented as immunogenic epitopes by MHC class II. The clinical relevance of these findings should be further evaluated to investigate the role of metal oxide nanoparticles in the development of autoimmune disease. The general workflow identified experimental difficulties, such as nanoparticle aggregate formation and a lack of protein-free buffers suitable for particle characterization, protein analyses, as well as for cell studies. This confirms the importance of future interdisciplinary collaborations. © 2021 The Author(s).
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bjoreland, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid ionization chamber calibrated gel dosimetry in conformal stereotactic radiotherapy of brain lesions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 47:6, s. 1099-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypofractionated conformal stereotactic radiotherapy (HCSRT) is an established method of treating brain lesions such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and brain metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of treatment plans in the terms of dose distribution and absorbed dose for HCSRT. Methods and materials. Treatment plans for three different clinical intracerebral targets, AVMs, were transferred to a CT study of a spherical water filled phantom simulating the human head and recalculated for the phantom geometry using a standard treatment planning system utilizing a pencil beam algorithm for dose calculation. The calculated absorbed dose, relative three dimensional (3D) dose distribution and dose conformity were investigated using gel dosimetry normalized to liquid ionization chamber (LIC) measurements. Results. The measured absorbed dose to the dose reference point was found to be within 2% of the calculated dose for all three targets. The measured dose distribution was found to be within 3% and 2 mm of the calculated dose for more than 93% of all points in the target volume for all three targets. Conclusions. The results show that the investigated standard treatment planning system can correctly predict the absorbed dose and dose distribution in different types of intracerebral targets and that the treatment can be delivered according to the plan.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Carlsson, Lena M S, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term incidence of serious fall-related injuries after bariatric surgery in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 43:4, s. 933-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity increases risk of falling, but the effect of bariatric surgery on fall-related injuries is unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the association between bariatric surgery and long-term incidence of fall-related injuries in the prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study. At inclusion, body mass index was≥34kg/m2 in men and ≥38kg/m2 in women. The surgery per-protocol group (n=2007) underwent gastric bypass (n=266), banding (n=376), or vertical banded gastroplasty (n=1365), and controls (n=2040) received usual care. At the time of analysis (31 December 2013), median follow-up was 19 years (maximal 26 years). Fall-related injuries requiring hospital treatment were captured using data from the Swedish National Patient Register. During follow-up, there were 617 first-time fall-related injuries in the surgery group and 513 in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI, 1.07-1.36; P=0.002). The incidence differed between treatment groups (P<0.001, log-rank test) and was higher after gastric bypass than after usual care, banding and vertical banded gastroplasty (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50-0.52, P<0.001 for all three comparisons). In conclusion, gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased risk of serious fall-related injury requiring hospital treatment.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Cashin, Peter H, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Activity ex vivo of cytotoxic drugs in patient samples of peritoneal carcinomatosis with special focus on colorectal cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 13, s. 435-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The optimal choice of cytotoxic drugs for intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC) is poorly defined. We investigated drug sensitivity ex vivo in patient samples of various PC tumor types and correlated clinical outcome to drug sensitivity within the subset of PC fromcolorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: PC tissue samples (n = 174) from mesothelioma, pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), ovarian cancer, CRC or appendix cancer were analyzed ex vivo for sensitivity to oxaliplatin, cisplatin, mitomycin C, melphalan, irinotecan, docetaxel, doxorubicin and 5-FU. Clinicopathological variables and outcome data were collected for the CRC subset. Results: Mesothelioma and ovarian cancer were generally more drug sensitive than CRC, appendix cancer and PMP. Oxaliplatin showed the most favorable ratio between achievable IPC concentration and ex vivo drug sensitivity. Drug sensitivity in CRC varied considerably between individual samples. Ex vivo drug sensitivity did not obviously correlate to time-to-progression (TTP) in individual patients. Conclusions: Drug-sensitivity varies considerably between PC diagnoses and individual patients arguing for individualized therapy in IPC rather than standard diagnosis-specific therapy. However, in the current paradigm of treatment according to diagnosis, oxaliplatin is seemingly the preferred drug for IPC from a drug sensitivity and concentration perspective. Inthe CRC subset, analysis of correlation between ex vivo drug sensitivity and TTP was inconclusive due to the heterogeneous nature of the data.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Corcoran, William, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Mitigation of Nonlinear Impairments on QPSK Data in Phase-Sensitive Amplified Links
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 39th European Conference on Optical Communication and Exhibition, ECOC 2013, London, 22-26 September 2013. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849197595 ; :622 CP, s. 486-488
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the mitigation of nonlinear impairments via phase-sensitive amplification. We show in simulation and experiment that this effect can be optimized through engineering link dispersion. A phase-sensitive amplified link is measured to reduce nonlinear penalties by over 3dB compared to a phase-insensitive amplified link.
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| 28. |
- Corcoran, William, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Noise beating in hybrid phase-sensitive amplifier systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - : The Optical Society. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 22:5, s. 5762-5771
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effect of noise loading in a hybrid phase-sensitive amplifier system, analyzing the effect of noise beating between the signal and idler waves coupled in a parametric amplifier. Through analyzing input and output optical signal to noise ratios, we find that system performance of a phase-sensitive amplifier is 3 to 6 dB improved over a phase-insensitive amplifier, depending on the ratio of loaded noise power to that of vacuum fluctuations. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
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| 29. |
- Corcoran, William, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Phase-Sensitive Optical Pre-Amplifier Implemented in an 80km DQPSK Link
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - Washington, D.C. : OSA. - 2162-2701.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first demonstration of a phase-sensitive fiber optic parametric amplifier successfully implemented over an 80 km dispersion managed link. We measure 1.3 dB higher sensitivity with this amplifier system against a comparable conventional EDFA-based link.
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| 30. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesodermal Progenitors Display Substantially Increased Tissue Formation Compared to Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Under Dynamic Culture Conditions in a Packed Bed/Column Bioreactor.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Tissue engineering. Part A. - 1937-335X. ; 19:1-2, s. 175-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone tissue engineering represents a promising strategy to obviate bone deficiencies, allowing the ex vivo construction of bone substitutes with unprecedented potential in the clinical practice. Considering that in the human body cells are constantly stimulated by chemical and mechanical stimuli, the use of bioreactor is emerging as an essential factor for providing the proper environment for the reproducible and large-scale production of the engineered substitutes. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are experimentally relevant cells but, regardless the encouraging results reported after culture under dynamic conditions in bioreactors, show important limitations for tissue engineering applications, especially considering their limited proliferative potential, loss of functionality following protracted expansion, and decline in cellular fitness associated with aging. On the other hand, we previously demonstrated that human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs) hold great potential to provide a homogenous and unlimited source of cells for bone engineering applications. Based on prior scientific evidence using different types of stem cells, in the present study we hypothesized that dynamic culture of hES-MPs in a packed bed/column bioreactor had the potential to affect proliferation, expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation, and matrix mineralization, therefore resulting in increased bone-like tissue formation. The reported findings suggest that hES-MPs constitute a suitable alternative cell source to hMSCs and hold great potential for the construction of bone substitutes for tissue engineering applications in clinical settings.
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| 31. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors display substantially increased tissue formation compared to human mesenchymal stem cells under dynamic culture conditions in a packed Bed/Column bioreactor
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Tissue Engineering. Part A. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1937-3341 .- 1937-335X. ; 19:1-2, s. 175-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone tissue engineering represents a promising strategy to obviate bone deficiencies, allowing the ex vivo construction of bone substitutes with unprecedented potential in the clinical practice. Considering that in the human body cells are constantly stimulated by chemical and mechanical stimuli, the use of bioreactor is emerging as an essential factor for providing the proper environment for the reproducible and large-scale production of the engineered substitutes. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are experimentally relevant cells but, regardless the encouraging results reported after culture under dynamic conditions in bioreactors, show important limitations for tissue engineering applications, especially considering their limited proliferative potential, loss of functionality following protracted expansion, and decline in cellular fitness associated with aging. On the other hand, we previously demonstrated that human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs) hold great potential to provide a homogenous and unlimited source of cells for bone engineering applications. Based on prior scientific evidence using different types of stem cells, in the present study we hypothesized that dynamic culture of hES-MPs in a packed bed/column bioreactor had the potential to affect proliferation, expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation, and matrix mineralization, therefore resulting in increased bone-like tissue formation. The reported findings suggest that hES-MPs constitute a suitable alternative cell source to hMSCs and hold great potential for the construction of bone substitutes for tissue engineering applications in clinical settings.
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| 32. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Osteogenic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesodermal Progenitors: A Tissue Engineering Perspective.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Tissue engineering. Part A. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1937-335X .- 1937-3341. ; 16:11, s. 3413-3426
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising candidates for bone engineering and regeneration with a considerable number of experimental successes reported over the last years. However, hMSCs show several limitations for tissue engineering applications, which can be overcome by using human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors (hES-MPs). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the osteogenic differentiation potential of hMSCs and hES-MPs. Materials and Methods: The osteogenic differentiation and mineralization behavior of both cell types were evaluated at passage 5, 10, 15, and 20. Expression of COL1A1, RUNX2, OPN, and OC was evaluated by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction, whereas mineralization was examined by photospectrometry, von Kossa staining, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The immunoprofile of both cell types was investigated by flow cytometry. Results: We demonstrated that, under proper stimulation, hES-MPs undergo osteogenic differentiation and exhibit significantly increased mineralization ability compared to hMSCs after protracted expansion. hES-MPs were also found to express lower amount of human leukocyte antigens class II proteins. Conclusions: The high osteogenic ability of hES-MPs, together with low expression of human leukocyte antigens class II, makes these cells an attractive alternative for bulk production of cells for bone engineering applications.
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| 33. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nanomedicine. - 1176-9114 .- 1178-2013. ; 9:1, s. 2499-2515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patterning medical devices at the nanoscale level enables the manipulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration, with topographic features recognized as playing a significant role inthe osseointegration of implantable devices. Methods: In this study, we assessed the ability of titanium-coated hemisphere-like topographic nanostructures of different sizes (approximately 50, 100, and 200 nm) to influence the morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We found that the proliferation and osteogenicdifferentiation of hMSCs was influenced by the size of the underlying structures, suggesting that size variations in topographic features at the nanoscale level, independently of chemistry, can be exploited to control hMSC behavior in a size-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
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| 34. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International journal of nanomedicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1176-9114 .- 1178-2013. ; 9:1, s. 2499-2515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patterning medical devices at the nanoscale level enables the manipulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration, with topographic features recognized as playing a significant role in the osseointegration of implantable devices. Methods: In this study, we assessed the ability of titanium-coated hemisphere-like topographic nanostructures of different sizes (approximately 50, 100, and 200 nm) to influence the morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We found that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was influenced by the size of the underlying structures, suggesting that size variations in topographic features at the nanoscale level, independently of chemistry, can be exploited to control hMSC behavior in a size-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
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| 35. |
- Falck, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Xylooligosaccharides from Hardwood and Cereal Xylans Produced by a Thermostable Xylanase as Carbon Sources for Lactobacillus brevis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 61:30, s. 7333-7340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare xylans from forestry with agricultural origins, hardwood xylan (birch) and cereal arabinoxylan (rye) were hydrolyzed using two variants of the xylanase RmXyn10A, full-length enzyme and catalytic module only, from Rhodothermus marinus . Cultivations of four selected bacterial species, using the xylooligosaccharide (XOS) containing hydrolysates as carbon source, showed selective growth of Lactobacillus brevis DSMZ 1264 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703. Both strains were confirmed to utilize the XOS fraction (DP 2-5), whereas putative arabinoxylooligosaccharides from the rye arabinoxylan hydrolysate were utilized by only B. adolescentis. Escherichia coli did not grow, despite its capability to grow on the monosaccharides arabinose and xylose. It was also shown that Pediococcus parvulus strain 2.6 utilized neither xylose nor XOS for growth. In summary, RmXyn10A or its catalytic module proved suitable for high-temperature hydrolysis of hardwood xylan and cereal arabinoxylan, producing XOS that could qualify as prebiotics for use in functional food products.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Glimelius, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
U-CAN : a prospective longitudinal collection of biomaterials and clinical information from adult cancer patients in Sweden.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 187-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Progress in cancer biomarker discovery is dependent on access to high-quality biological materials and high-resolution clinical data from the same cases. To overcome current limitations, a systematic prospective longitudinal sampling of multidisciplinary clinical data, blood and tissue from cancer patients was therefore initiated in 2010 by Uppsala and Umeå Universities and involving their corresponding University Hospitals, which are referral centers for one third of the Swedish population.Material and Methods: Patients with cancer of selected types who are treated at one of the participating hospitals are eligible for inclusion. The healthcare-integrated sampling scheme encompasses clinical data, questionnaires, blood, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, diagnostic slides and radiology bioimaging data.Results: In this ongoing effort, 12,265 patients with brain tumors, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematological malignancies, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancers have been included until the end of 2016. From the 6914 patients included during the first five years, 98% were sampled for blood at diagnosis, 83% had paraffin-embedded and 58% had fresh frozen tissues collected. For Uppsala County, 55% of all cancer patients were included in the cohort.Conclusions: Close collaboration between participating hospitals and universities enabled prospective, longitudinal biobanking of blood and tissues and collection of multidisciplinary clinical data from cancer patients in the U-CAN cohort. Here, we summarize the first five years of operations, present U-CAN as a highly valuable cohort that will contribute to enhanced cancer research and describe the procedures to access samples and data.
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| 38. |
- Gong, Shaofang, et al.
(författare)
-
Radio Architecture for Parallel Processing of Extremely High Speed Data
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, ICUWB, Vancouver, Canada, 9-11 Sept.. - : IEEE. - 9781424429301 ; , s. 433-437
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using our own-developed frequency multiplexing network, a radio architecture for parallel radio signal processing has been proposed for achieving extremely high data rate above 10 Gbit/s. To meet the high requirement on phase linearity, amplitude balance and low noise figure in a very large bandwidth, our own-developed ultra-wideband six-port correlator has been utilized for the modulator and demodulator in the radio architecture.
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| 39. |
- Hassila Karlsson, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of carbon content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 processed with Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Additive manufacturing of alloys belonging to the Inconel family is today a hot research topic. Given that these alloys were developed with casting and forging as the main manufacturing route, the possibilities of adjusting their composition to make them better suited for the additive manufacturing processes should be investigated. In this work we study two different versions of Alloy 718 with different carbon content; one having a normal carbon content and one having a very low carbon content. Test pieces from these alloys were produced using the Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam process. TEM and SEM with EDS/EBSD was used to study the resulting microstructures both in the as-built and after heat treatment. Mechanical properties were evaluated for samples printed in different build directions using tensile and impact testing. The achieved materials in the as-built condition were very similar to one another in both the microstructure and the displayed mechanical properties. After heat treatment, differences in the microstructures could be identified as secondary carbides were found to precipitate exclusively in the alloy with a normal carbon content. Additionally, the different carbon contents affected the number of annealing twins that formed in the respective alloys, where more twins formed in the alloy with a low carbon content. This was attributed to the alloy’s lower stacking-fault energy. As annealing twins facilitate the transformation of the anisotropic as-built grain structure, effectively making the materials more isotropic, only the low carbon content alloy showed isotropic material properties after heat treatment.
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| 40. |
- Immerzeel, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Extraction of water-soluble xylan from wheat bran and utilization of enzymatically produced xylooligosaccharides by Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Weissella spp.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: LWT - Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438. ; 56:2, s. 321-327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xylan was extracted from wheat bran after heat pretreatment in water using either an autoclave or a microwave oven. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) were produced from the xylan using the thermostable xylanase RmXyn10A and the potential prebiotic properties of XOS were studied in vitro with different human gut bacteria: Lactobacillus brevis (DSMZ 1269), Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ATCC 15703) and two strains of recently isolated lactic acid bacteria from the species pair Weissella cibaria/confusa. The highest yield of (arabino)xylan with the heat pretreatment was obtained at 185 degrees C for 10 min. Higher temperature led to fewer arabinose substitutions present on the backbone which in turn resulted in a slightly more efficient enzymatic hydrolysis by RmXyn10A. Using the produced XOS hydrolysate as carbon source, xylobiose uptake was confirmed for all bacterial species studied while xylotriose uptake could be confirmed for B. adolescentis and the Weissella strains. The negative control strain Escherichia coli (BL 21) did not use XOS as a carbon source. L brevis, B. adolescentis and the Weissella spp. all showed growth on XOS, verified by increases in cell density, lactic acid and acetic acid production after 48 h incubation. Corresponding increases were not found using the non-hydrolysed xylan as carbon source. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Kakande, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
-
Detailed characterization of a
fiber-optic parametric amplifier in phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive operation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 18:5, s. 4130-4137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate a single-pumped, non-degenerate phase-sensitive parametric amplifier with a precise control of phase and amplitude of the in-going waves and investigate in detail its gain, attenuation and saturation properties in comparison with operation in phase insensitive amplifier (PIA) mode. We experimentally observe the variation of the gain and attenuation as a function of the relative phase, pump power and the signal-idler power ratio. The phase sensitive gain spectrum is studied over a 24 nm symmetrical bandwidth and we achieve a maximum phase sensitive amplification (PSA) gain of 33 dB. A departure from the theoretical maximum attenuation as the gain increases is observed and explained.
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| 42. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions between a zwitterionic polythiophene derivative and oligonucleotides as resolved by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 17:16, s. 4204-4211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between a zwitterionic polythiophene derivative, POWT, and DNA oligonucleotides in solution have been studied by FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer). When POWT and ssDNA are bound alone in a complex, the distance between them is at its smallest. The distance increases when adding complementary DNA, but POWT is still mainly bound to the first DNA strand. We find that two POWT chains bind to one DNA strand, and the two POWT chains seem held together in pairs, unable to separate, as they can only bind to and quench half their own amount of labeled DNA. This POWT−POWT complex appears to dissociate at lower concentrations. ssDNA attached to POWT in a complex can also be substituted by other ssDNA in solution; this occurs to 50% when the free DNA is present in 10-fold concentration compared to the ssDNA bound to POWT. Titration studies at different concentrations show positive cooperativity in the binding of POWT and ssDNA into a complex. The hybridization of complementary DNA to the same complex involves no cooperativity. These observations indicate interesting possibilities for the use of POWT as a DNA sensor.
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, Hyunjoo Kim, et al.
(författare)
-
Wavelet quantile analysis of asymmetric pricing on the Swedish power market
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Empirica. - : Springer. - 0340-8744 .- 1573-6911. ; 44:2, s. 249-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we investigate if the Swedish consumer prices for electricity are adjusted equally fast regardless of whether the NordPool power market prices are decreased or increased. Due to relatively moderate variations in the variables, we have applied quantile regression, since it is mainly the large changes (above the median) that essentially tend to have a considerable effect on the consumer prices. Moreover, in order to adjust for stochastic- and deterministic trends, autocorrelation, structural breaks as well as to measure APT effects in the short- and in the medium-run, we apply a wavelet decomposition approach. Our results show evidence that significantly positive asymmetric price transmission (APT) effects exist in this market. More specifically, in the short-run (based on the wavelet decomposition D1 for 1–2 months cycles), we find that that there is a higher propensity to rapidly and systematically increase the consumer prices subsequently to an increase in the NordPool market price, compared with the propensity to decrease their customers prices subsequently to a corresponding drop in the NordPool market prices. However, no significant APT effects were detected in the medium- or in the long-run (i.e. the asymmetric price transmission effects are observed only in the short-run). In summary, we could isolate significant APT effects in the short-run (1–2 months decomposition cycles), and for large changes in the dependent variable (percentiles = 0.9). Therefore, only large changes in the NordPool prices lead to feedback effects in the form of asymmetric price transmission effects. Our evidence supports the notion of firms’ downward stickiness of retail prices for maximizing profit, which are not expected to be found on a fully efficient market. Although our finding shows that the price inefficiency is short-lived, these large temporal inefficiencies are still costly for the consumers. It should be noted that blunt traditional powerless methods do not detect these APT effects, while our wavelet quantile methods are powerful and make a significant contribution in the literature by providing new empirical evidence.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Karlsson, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
The school lighting innovation dilemma
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 1099. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a qualitative descriptive case study that aims to build awareness about the need for improvement of the indoor environment in classrooms and to exemplify how renewal-oriented processes can be initiated. The study focuses on innovation processes that have resulted in both completely new designs and further spread of innovative solutions. The reason for the need to improve is that too many pupils and students have problems with concentration, relaxation and recuperation. The number of diagnoses such as Autism and ADHD is growing. One factor which significantly influences the pupil's mental well-being is the daily physical environment. The single aspect which may be improved in reasonable time, at a reasonable cost, is the lighting design of classrooms. An underlying reason for the habit to continue installing insipid uniform static "light-carpets" is the lack of awareness about how lighting affects wellbeing and health. As with innovation in other industries, it is an innovation dilemma that the vast majority of the people who sell and procure classroom lighting tend to prefer the established solutions that they are used to. The article describes how Malmö's early investment in Human Centric Lighting and the unique indoor environment of the Study hall in the Centre for Economic Sciences at Uppsala University are used as role models for lighting design in classrooms. The case study combines the authors' own observations and earlier interviews with users. Malmö's temporal light variation and parts of the Study hall's lighting design are used in more than 30 classrooms, in Malmö, Stockholm Business School and Iggesund. The article concludes with suggestions on how today's lighting design knowledge and technology can be combined to provide more advanced adaptations to the varying lighting needs of pupils, students and teachers.
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| 46. |
- Khalili, Bita, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socioeconomic health gradient
- 2024
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on income among individuals of European descent and leveraged the results to investigate the socio-economic health gradient (N=668,288). We found 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes. Our GWAS-derived polygenic index captures 1 - 4% of income variance, with only one-fourth attributed to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this polygenic index showed reduced risks for a broad spectrum of diseases, including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, depression, asthma, and back pain. The income factor showed a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = .006) with educational attainment (EA). Accounting for EA's genetic overlap with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal for higher income related to better mental health but reduced physical health benefits and increased participation in risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Larson, Greger, et al.
(författare)
-
Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109, s. 8878-8883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dog was the first domesticated animal but it remains uncertain when the domestication process began and whether it occurred just once or multiple times across the Northern Hemisphere. To ascertain the value of modern genetic data to elucidate the origins of dog domestication, we analyzed 49,024 autosomal SNPs in 1,375 dogs (representing 35 breeds) and 19 wolves. After combining our data with previously published data, we contrasted the genetic signatures of 121 breeds with a worldwide archeological assessment of the earliest dog remains. Correlating the earliest archeological dogs with the geographic locations of 14 so-called "ancient" breeds (defined by their genetic differentiation) resulted in a counterintuitive pattern. First, none of the ancient breeds derive from regions where the oldest archeological remains have been found. Second, three of the ancient breeds (Basenjis, Dingoes, and New Guinea Singing Dogs) come from regions outside the natural range of Canis lupus (the dog's wild ancestor) and where dogs were introduced more than 10,000 y after domestication. These results demonstrate that the unifying characteristic among all genetically distinct so-called ancient breeds is a lack of recent admixture with other breeds likely facilitated by geographic and cultural isolation. Furthermore, these genetically distinct ancient breeds only appear so because of their relative isolation, suggesting that studies of modern breeds have yet to shed light on dog origins. We conclude by assessing the limitations of past studies and how next-generation sequencing of modern and ancient individuals may unravel the history of dog domestication.
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| 49. |
- Li, Chen, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide Association Analysis in Humans Links Nucleotide Metabolism to Leukocyte Telomere Length
- 2020
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : CELL PRESS. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 106:3, s. 389-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a heritable biomarker of genomic aging. In this study, we perform a genome-wide meta-analysis of LTL by pooling densely genotyped and imputed association results across large-scale European-descent studies including up to 78,592 individuals. We identify 49 genomic regions at a false dicovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 threshold and prioritize genes at 31, with five highlighting nucleotide metabolism as an important regulator of LTL. We report six genome-wide significant loci in or near SENP7, MOB1B, CARMIL1 , PRRC2A, TERF2, and RFWD3, and our results support recently identified PARP1, POT1, ATM, and MPHOSPH6 loci. Phenome-wide analyses in >350,000 UK Biobank participants suggest that genetically shorter telomere length increases the risk of hypothyroidism and decreases the risk of thyroid cancer, lymphoma, and a range of proliferative conditions. Our results replicate previously reported associations with increased risk of coronary artery disease and lower risk for multiple cancer types. Our findings substantially expand current knowledge on genes that regulate LTL and their impact on human health and disease.
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| 50. |
- Lorences Riesgo, Abel, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Demonstration of Degenerate Vector Phase-Sensitive Amplification
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Optical Communication (ECOC 2013), 39th European Conference and Exhibition on. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849197595 ; 2013:622 CP, s. 492-494
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of a degenerate vector (dual cross-polarized pump) phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) is characterized and compared to a degenerate scalar (dual co-polarized pump) PSA. In both schemes, we assess the gain as a function of the signal state of polarization, verifying its compliance with theory, and the phase transfer function.
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