| 1. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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| 2. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between a zwitterionic polythiophene derivative and oligonucleotides as resolved by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 17:16, s. 4204-4211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between a zwitterionic polythiophene derivative, POWT, and DNA oligonucleotides in solution have been studied by FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer). When POWT and ssDNA are bound alone in a complex, the distance between them is at its smallest. The distance increases when adding complementary DNA, but POWT is still mainly bound to the first DNA strand. We find that two POWT chains bind to one DNA strand, and the two POWT chains seem held together in pairs, unable to separate, as they can only bind to and quench half their own amount of labeled DNA. This POWT−POWT complex appears to dissociate at lower concentrations. ssDNA attached to POWT in a complex can also be substituted by other ssDNA in solution; this occurs to 50% when the free DNA is present in 10-fold concentration compared to the ssDNA bound to POWT. Titration studies at different concentrations show positive cooperativity in the binding of POWT and ssDNA into a complex. The hybridization of complementary DNA to the same complex involves no cooperativity. These observations indicate interesting possibilities for the use of POWT as a DNA sensor.
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| 3. |
- Sotak, Matus, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal sodium/glucose cotransporter 3 expression is epithelial and downregulated in obesity.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Life sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0631 .- 0024-3205. ; 267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to determine whether the sodium/glucose cotransporter family member SGLT3, a proposed glucose sensor, is expressed in the intestine and/or kidney, and if its expression is altered in mouse models of obesity and in humans before and after weight-loss surgery.We used in-situ hybridization and quantitative PCR to determine whether the Sglt3 isoforms 3a and 3b were expressed in the intestine and kidney of C57, leptin-deficient ob/ob, and diabetic BTBR ob/ob mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were also used to assess SGLT3 protein levels in jejunal biopsies from obese patients before and after weight-loss Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), and in lean healthy controls.Sglt3a/3b mRNA was detected in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), but not in the large intestine or kidneys of mice. Both isoforms were detected in epithelial cells (confirmed using intestinal organoids). Expression of Sglt3a/3b mRNA in duodenum and jejunum was significantly lower in ob/ob and BTBR ob/ob mice than in normal-weight littermates. Jejunal SGLT3 protein levels in aged obese patients before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were lower than in lean individuals, but substantially upregulated 6months post-RYGB.Our study shows that Sglt3a/3b is expressed primarily in epithelial cells of the small intestine in mice. Furthermore, we observed an association between intestinal mRNA Sglt3a/3b expression and obesity in mice, and between jejunal SGLT3 protein levels and obesity in humans. Further studies are required to determine the possible role of SGLT3 in obesity.
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| 4. |
- Bakhshi, Bamdad, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental observation of soliton robustness to polarisation dispersion pulse broadening
- 1999
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 35:1, s. 65-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soliton robustness to polarisation dispersion pulse broadening in a 400km installed optical fibre is experimentally demonstrated. With 10ps input pulses and a differential group delay of 7.6ps, the soliton pulsewidth at the receiver is maintained within 10-11ps when the input polarisation is changed, while the corresponding range for dispersion-compensated linear pulses is 10.5-15.5ps.
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| 5. |
- Bakhshi, Bamdad, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the differential group delay in installed optical fibers using polarization multiplexed solitons
- 1999
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 11:5, s. 593-595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate a new technique for measurement of the differential group delay (DGD) in optical fibers using polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) solitons: the change in the separation of orthogonally polarized solitons propagating along different principal axes in a fiber equals the DGD at the signal wavelength. Based on this principle, we use PDM solitons to measure the accumulated DGD at different distances along a 400-km installed fiber. The measured DGD exhibits the expected square-root-of-length dependence, corresponding to a polarization-mode dispersion of 0.26 ps/km1/2. The results are in excellent agreement with those obtained by a commercial instrument utilizing Jones matrix eigenanalysis.
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| 6. |
- Bakhshi, Bamdad, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Soliton interaction penalty reduction by receiver filtering
- 1998
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 10:7, s. 1042-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first detailed numerical study of the impact of receiver low-pass filtering in soliton interaction-limited communication systems. We propagate 40-Gb/s pseudorandom bit sequences (PRBS's) of 28-1 solitons up to one soliton collision distance (Zc-) and optimize the filter bandwidth to minimize the interaction induced eye opening penalty. The distance at 0.5-dB penalty is increased over 40% through filtering. The penalty is essentially pulsewidth independent when considering distances normalized by Zc. We also show that PRBS's of at least 28 - 1 solitons are required to accurately simulate random data.
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| 7. |
- Berghammer, Malin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported health status (EQ-5D) in adults with congenital heart disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 165:3, s. 537-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Today, more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) reach adulthood. There are conflicting findings concerning the relationship between quality of life (QoL) or health state for adults with CHD and the complexity of their CHD. The aim of the study was, firstly, to compare the reported health status and health perception of adult patients with CHD and, secondly, to investigate what variables influenced the patients' health status and health perception. Methods: Data from 1435 patients completing the EQ-5D questionnaire, which includes reported health status and health perception, were analyzed. Results: Valid EQ-5D data were reported by 1274 patients, showing overall results indicating a good health status. Problems were most frequently reported in the dimension "pain/discomfort" (31.9%) and "anxiety/depression" (29.8%). Higher occurrence of problems were reported by patients with complex disease i.e. single ventricle (p<0.001) and by female patients (p<0.0001). Symptomatic patients reported a lower health status (p<0.0001) and a lower perceived health on EQ-VAS (p<0.0001). Of the asymptomatic patients, 20.5% nevertheless reported problems in "pain/discomfort" and 22.2% in the "anxiety/depression" dimension. Conclusion: The health status of adults with CHD is influenced by symptoms, NYHA-classification, age and gender. Adults with CHD report a lower occurrence of problems in comparison to previously published results from a general population, but the importance of actively asking about the patient's experience is demonstrated by the high degree of asymptomatic patients reporting problems on EQ-5D. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Brentel, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Single-wavelength 40 Gb/s soliton field transmission experiments over 400 km fibre without in-line control
- 1999
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Ingår i: OFC/IOOC 1999 - Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication. - 155752582X ; 3, s. 121-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report single-wavelength 40-Gbit/s soliton transmission over 400-km installed fiber lines in Sweden. Both polarization-division multiplexed and parallel solitons were transmitted. The system performance is dominated by the polarization-mode dispersion.
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| 9. |
- Coviello, Andrea D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has been associated with chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 21,791 individuals from 10 epidemiologic studies and validated these findings in 7,046 individuals in an additional six studies. We identified twelve genomic regions (SNPs) associated with circulating SHBG concentrations. Loci near the identified SNPs included SHBG (rs12150660, 17p13.1, p=1.8×10(-106)), PRMT6 (rs17496332, 1p13.3, p=1.4×10(-11)), GCKR (rs780093, 2p23.3, p=2.2×10(-16)), ZBTB10 (rs440837, 8q21.13, p=3.4×10(-09)), JMJD1C (rs7910927, 10q21.3, p=6.1×10(-35)), SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, 12p12.1, p=1.9×10(-08)), NR2F2 (rs8023580, 15q26.2, p=8.3×10(-12)), ZNF652 (rs2411984, 17q21.32, p=3.5×10(-14)), TDGF3 (rs1573036, Xq22.3, p=4.1×10(-14)), LHCGR (rs10454142, 2p16.3, p=1.3×10(-07)), BAIAP2L1 (rs3779195, 7q21.3, p=2.7×10(-08)), and UGT2B15 (rs293428, 4q13.2, p=5.5×10(-06)). These genes encompass multiple biologic pathways, including hepatic function, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and T2D, androgen and estrogen receptor function, epigenetic effects, and the biology of sex steroid hormone-responsive cancers including breast and prostate cancer. We found evidence of sex-differentiated genetic influences on SHBG. In a sex-specific GWAS, the loci 4q13.2-UGT2B15 was significant in men only (men p=2.5×10(-08), women p=0.66, heterogeneity p=0.003). Additionally, three loci showed strong sex-differentiated effects: 17p13.1-SHBG and Xq22.3-TDGF3 were stronger in men, whereas 8q21.12-ZBTB10 was stronger in women. Conditional analyses identified additional signals at the SHBG gene that together almost double the proportion of variance explained at the locus. Using an independent study of 1,129 individuals, all SNPs identified in the overall or sex-differentiated or conditional analyses explained ∼15.6% and ∼8.4% of the genetic variation of SHBG concentrations in men and women, respectively. The evidence for sex-differentiated effects and allelic heterogeneity highlight the importance of considering these features when estimating complex trait variance.
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| 10. |
- Engqvist, Hanna, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Integrative genomics approach identifies molecular features associated with early-stage ovarian carcinoma histotypes.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer comprises multiple subtypes (clear-cell (CCC), endometrioid (EC), high-grade serous (HGSC), low-grade serous (LGSC), and mucinous carcinomas (MC)) with differing molecular and clinical behavior. However, robust histotype-specific biomarkers for clinical use have yet to be identified. Here, we utilized a multi-omics approach to identify novel histotype-specific genetic markers associated with ovarian carcinoma histotypes (CCC, EC, HGSC, and MC) using DNA methylation, DNA copy number alteration and RNA sequencing data for 96 primary invasive early-stage (stage I and II) ovarian carcinomas. More specifically, the DNA methylation analysis revealed hypermethylation for CCC in comparison with the other histotypes. Moreover, copy number imbalances and novel chromothripsis-like rearrangements (n=64) were identified in ovarian carcinoma, with the highest number of chromothripsis-like patterns in HGSC. For the 1000 most variable transcripts, underexpression was most prominent for all histotypes in comparison with normal ovarian samples. Overall, the integrative approach identified 46 putative oncogenes (overexpressed, hypomethylated and DNA gain) and three putative tumor suppressor genes (underexpressed, hypermethylated and DNA loss) when comparing the different histotypes. In conclusion, the current study provides novel insights into molecular features associated with early-stage ovarian carcinoma that may improve patient stratification and subclassification of the histotypes.
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| 11. |
- Joelson, Anders, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between future health expectations and patient satisfaction after lumbar spine surgery : a longitudinal observational study of 9929 lumbar spine surgery procedures
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between general health expectations and patient satisfaction with treatment for the two common spine surgery procedures diskectomy for lumbar disk herniation (LDH) and decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). DESIGN: Register study with prospectively collected preoperative and 1-year postoperative data.SETTING: National outcome data from Swespine, the national Swedish spine register.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 9929 patients, aged between 20 and 85 years, who were self-reported non-smokers, and were operated between 2007 and 2016 for one-level LSS without degenerative spondylolisthesis, or one-level LDH, were identified in the national Swedish spine register (Swespine). We used SF-36 items 11c and 11d to assess future health expectations and present health perceptions. Satisfaction with treatment was assessed using the Swespine satisfaction item.INTERVENTIONS: One-level diskectomy for LDH or one-level decompression for LSS.PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS: For LSS, the year 1 satisfaction ratio among patients with negative future health expectations preoperatively was 60% (95% CI 58% to 63%), while it was 75% (95% CI 73% to 76%) for patients with positive future health expectations preoperatively. The corresponding numbers for LDH were 73% (95% CI 71% to 75%) and 84% (95% CI 83% to 85%), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Patients operated for the common lumbar spine diseases LSS or LDH, with negative future general health expectations, were significantly less satisfied with treatment than patients with positive expectations with regard to future general health. These findings are important for patients, and for the surgeons who counsel them, when surgery is a treatment option for LSS or LDH.
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| 12. |
- Joelson, Anders, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of the EQ-5D-5L when prospective longitudinal data from 28,902 total hip arthroplasty procedures are applied to different European EQ-5D-5L value sets
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Regional Health-Europe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7762. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of using different country-specific value sets in EQ-5D-5L based outcome analyses. Methods: We obtained data on patients surgically treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) between 2017 and 2019 from the national Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. Preoperative and one-year postoperative data on a total of 28,902 procedures were available for analysis. The EQ-5D-5L health states were coded to the EQ-5D-5L preference indices using 13 European value sets. The EQ-5D-5L index distributions were then estimated with kernel density estimation. The change in EQ-5D-5L index before and one year after treatment was evaluated with the standardized response mean (SRM). The lifetime gain in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) was estimated with a 3.5% annual QALY discount rate. Findings: There was a marked variability in means and shapes of the resulting EQ-5D-5L index distributions. There were also considerable differences in the EQ-5D-5L index distribution shape before and after the treat-ment using the same value set. The effect sizes of one-year change (SRM) were similar for all value sets. How-ever, the differences in estimated QALY gains were substantial. Interpretation: The EQ-5D-5L index distributions varied considerably when a single large data set was applied to different European EQ-5D-5L value sets. The most pronounced differences were between the value sets based on experience-based valuation and the value sets based on hypothetical valuation. This illustrates that experience-based and hypothetical value sets are inherently different and also that QALY gains derived with different value sets are not comparable. Our findings are of importance in study planning since the results and conclusions of a study depend on the choice of value set. Funding: None. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in cognitive aging : Secular trends in levels of functioning and rates of change over 30 years in a population-based Swedish sample
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Findings from several studies reveal that later born cohorts tend on average to perform better on most measurements of fluid cognitive abilities in later life as compared with earlier born cohorts measured at the same age (i.e. Flynn effects). This study investigate cohort differences in level of cognitive functioning and rate of decline in a representative sample drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg (H70) including three birth cohorts born 1901/02, 1906/07 and 1930, and measured on tests of logical reasoning (Figure Logic) and spatial ability (Block Design), at ages 70, 75 and 79. Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models revealed, in accordance with previous studies, substantial cohort differences in level of performance were later born cohorts outperform earlier born. However, and somewhat surprisingly, later born cohorts also showed, on average, a steeper decline over the study period as compared with earlier born. Neither gender nor educational differences could account for the observed cohort trends. Potential explanations for these findings are further discussed in the context of neuropathology and cognitive reserve.
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth Cohort Differences in Cognitive Aging : Secular Trends Over 30 Years in Three Swedish Samples
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 20th century there has been a successive rise in mean intelligence (i.e. Flynn effect), where later born cohorts tend to outperform earlier born. Flynn effects have been reported regarding numerous cognitive abilities, and over age ranges from infants to 95 year olds. Less is known regarding possible birth cohort differences in rates of cognitive change in old age. We conducted a series of studies with the aim to investigate possible birth cohort differences in both level of cognitive performance and rate of change. We analyzed data from three representative, population based birth cohorts (born 1901-1902, 1906-07, and 1930) drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg (H70), with measures on the same cognitive tests at the same ages (i.e., 70, 75 and 79 years). The results showed that later born cohorts outperformed earlier born on all cognitive measures (i.e., spatial ability, logical reasoning, verbal ability, perceptual-motor-speed, and long-term recognition memory), but also that later born cohorts declined at a faster rate on three cognitive outcomes (spatial ability, reasoning, and perceptual-motor-speed). Cohort differences in level of cognitive performance were expected and in line with previous studies, but our findings of cohort differences in rate of change are novel. A potential explanation for the cohort differences in rate of cognitive decline relates to differences in the average age of onset of the cognitive decline due to cohort differences in cognitive reserve. Another possible explanation relates to possible cohort differences in selective survival.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in cognitive aging: Secular trends in cognitive functioning and decline over 30 years in three population-based Swedish samples
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate birth cohort differences in level of cognitive functioning and change in later life in three population-based representative samples drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg (H70), Sweden. We used data from cohorts, born in 1901-02, 1906-07, and 1930, measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 on the same cognitive measures. In Study I we investigated cohort differences in the proportions of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability, or gain. Our findings revealed significant cohort differences on all outcomes (i.e. logical reasoning, spatial ability, verbal meaning, and perceptual-motor- speed). Later born cohorts consisted of larger proportions of participants showing decline and smaller proportions of participants showing gain. In Study II we investigated cohort differences in level of performance and rate of cognitive change on two measures of fluid ability (i.e. logical reasoning and spatial ability). Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed substantial cohort differences in levels of performance were later born cohorts outperformed the earlier born. However, later born cohorts also showed, on average, a steeper decline over the study period than the earlier born. Gender and education partially accounted for the observed cohort differences. In Study III we analyzed data concerning four fluid abilities (i.e. perceptual-motor-speed, long-term picture recognition memory, logical reasoning and spatial ability) and one crystallized ability (i.e. verbal ability). We fitted growth curve models to the data within a Bayesian framework. The results confirmed those reported in Studies I and II indicating, moderate to large cohort differences in levels of performance on all five cognitive outcomes. Later born cohorts showed steeper decline in logical reasoning, spatial ability, and perceptual-motor-speed but we found no differences in rate of decline regarding long-term recognition memory and verbal ability. In Study IV we investigated the moderating effects of birth cohort on the associations between cardiovascular risk (defined as the Framingham Risk Score, FRS) and cognitive functioning and rate of change on two cognitive measures (i.e. spatial ability and logical reasoning). Multiple-group LGCMs revealed relatively weak associations between cardiovascular risk and cognitive functioning and change. These associations were even weaker in the 1930 cohort, especially regarding logical reasoning. The findings that later born cohorts outperform earlier born cohorts in levels of performance are in line with previous findings and further emphasize the importance of environmental factors in shaping life-span cognitive development. The findings that later born cohorts decline at a faster rate compared to earlier born cohorts on fluid measurements are novel. A potential explanation for the cohort differences in rate of cognitive decline relates to differences in the average age of onset of the cognitive decline due to cohort differences in cognitive reserve. To the extent that later born cohorts on average have higher cognitive reserve compared to earlier born, as indicated by their higher level of performance, they should- in line with the cognitive reserve hypothesis- start to decline at a later stage but then they should decline at a faster rate. Another explanation relates to possible cohort differences in selective survival. As life-expectancy has increased in Sweden, since the 19th century, a relatively higher proportion of more frail individuals may have survived to age 70 in later born cohorts.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth Cohort Differences in Fluid Cognition in Old Age : Comparisons of Trends in Levels and Change Trajectories Over 30 Years in Three Population-Based Samples
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 30:1, s. 83-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Later born cohorts of older adults tend to outperform earlier born on fluid cognition (i.e. Flynn effect) when measured at the same chronological ages. We investigated cohort differences in level of performance and rate of change across three population-based samples born in 1901, 1906, and 1930, drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H70), and measured on tests of logical reasoning and spatial ability at ages 70, 75 and 79 years. Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed, in line with previous studies, substantial differences in level of performance where later born cohorts outperformed earlier born cohorts. Somewhat surprisingly later born cohorts showed, on average, a steeper decline than the earlier born cohort. Gender and education only partially accounted for observed cohort trends. Men outperformed women in the 1906 and 1930 cohorts but no difference was found in the 1901 cohort. More years of education was associated with improved performance in all three cohorts. Our findings confirm the presence of birth cohort effects also in old age but indicate a faster rate of decline in later born samples. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed. © 2015 American Psychological Association.
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| 18. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in fluid cognition in old age : Comparisons of trends in levels and change trajectories over 30 years in three population-based samples
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Third International Conference on Aging & Cognition. - Dortmund : Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund. - 9783980834285 ; , s. 64-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives and Method: Later born cohorts of older adults tend to outperform earlier born on fluid cognition (i.e. Flynn effect) when measured at the same chronological ages. We investigated cohort differences in level of performance and rate of change across three population-based samples born in 1901, 1906, and 1930, drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H70), and measured on tests of logical reasoning and spatial ability at ages 70, 75 and 79 years.Results: Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed, in line with previous studies, substantial differences in level of performance where later born cohorts outperformed earlier born cohorts. Somewhat surprisingly later born cohorts showed, on average, a steeper decline than the earlier born cohort. Gender and education only partially accounted for observed cohort trends. Men outperformed women in the 1906 and 1930 cohorts but no difference was found in the 1901 cohort. More years of education was associated with improved performance in all three cohorts.Conclusion: Our findings confirm the presence of birth cohort effects also in old age but indicate a faster rate of decline in later born samples. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed in the context of neuropathology and cognitive reserve.
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in proportion of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability or gain
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate possible birth cohort differences in the proportion of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability or gain from age 70 to 79.Method: We used data from three cohorts born in 1901-02, 1906-07, and 1930 measured at ages 70 and 79 years on four cognitive measures (i.e. spatial ability, figure identification, verbal meaning, and logical reasoning). We used the standard error of measurement (SEM=) at baseline (i.e. 70 years of age) to categorize participants as showing cognitive decline (if scores decreased by >1 SEM between ages 70 and 79), cognitive stability (if change was ≤1SEM), or cognitive gain (if increasing by >1 SEM).Findings: χ²-tests indicated statistically significant birth cohort differences on all four cognitive measures, with weak to moderate effect sizes. For all four cognitive measures earlier born cohorts contained a smaller proportion of participants showing cognitive decline, and a larger proportion of participants showing gain, compared to later born cohorts. This was particularly evident when comparing the 1901-02 and 1930 cohorts.Conclusion: These cohort differences may relate to cohort differences in cognitive reserve, selective survival, or psychometric properties of the cognitive tests.
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| 20. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on fluid cognition in old age
- 2016
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Ingår i: 23NKG2016. ; , s. 78-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: A large body of evidence indicates that cardiovascular risk factors are related to neurodegenerative processes leading to cognitive decline and eventually dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate birth cohort differences in the effects of cardiovascular risk on cognitive performance and rate of cognitive change.Method: We used data from three cohorts born in 1901-02, 1906-07, and 1930 measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 years on two fluid cognitive measures (i.e. spatial ability and logical reasoning). We used the Framingham Risk Score based on simple office-based non-laboratory predictors (age, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking and diabetes status) to calculate cardiovascular risk.Findings: Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed higher levels of cognitive performance but faster rate of decline in later born cohorts compared with earlier born cohorts. But most importantly, the results indicated no association between the Framingham risk score and cognitive performance or change.Conclusion: Our findings suggests either no association between cardiovascular risk and cognition in old age, or that the Framingham Risk Score, based on simple office-based non-laboratory predictors, may not be suitable for predicting cognitive functioning in old age.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive decline, stability, and gain between ages 70 and 79 in three Swedish birth cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: 4th International Conference Aging & Cognition 2017, April 20–22. ; , s. 50-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate secular trends regarding proportions of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability, or gain between ages 70 and 79 years. For this purpose we analyzed data from three Swedish birth cohorts, born 1901-02, 1906-07, and 1930, and four cognitive measures (i.e. verbal meaning, figure identification, logical reasoning, and spatial ability). Using the standard error of measurement (SEm) at baseline (i.e. 70 years of age), participants were categorized as showing cognitive decline (if decreasing by more the 1 SEm between ages 70 and 79), gain (if increasing by more than 1 SEm) or otherwise evincing stability. χ²-tests indicated statistically significant differences between the cohorts for all four cognitive measures. For all cognitive measures earlier born cohorts consisted of a smaller proportion of individuals showing cognitive decline, and a larger proportion showing cognitive gain compared to later born cohorts. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in terms of cohort differences in selective survival and/or cognitive reserve.
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| 23. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort Differences in the Association of Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Aging
- 2018
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Ingår i: GeroPsych. - Goettingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1662-9647 .- 1662-971X. ; 31:4, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate birth cohort differences in associations between cardiovascular risk and fluid cognition between the age of 70 and 79. Method: Data were drawn from representative population-based cohort samples (H70), born 1901–1902, 1906–1907, and 1930, measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 on fluid cognitive measures (spatial ability and logical reasoning). The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), derived from office-based nonlaboratory predictors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking, diabetes status), was used to measure cardiovascular risk. Multiple-group latent growth curve models were fitted to the data. Findings: Estimates revealed small associations between the FRS and fluid cognition. These associations were slightly reduced in the 1930 cohort. Conclusion: Findings suggest diminishing adverse effects of cardiovascular risk on cognitive aging in cohorts born later. © 2018 Hogrefe AG.
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Training high school students in resisting disinformation and conspiracy theories – Preliminary findings and experiences from an ongoing research project
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper draws on findings from an ongoing research project called ”Effects of a multi-module intervention designed to increase critical thinking and the ability to identify misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories in high school students”. The aim of this project is to empirically evaluate an educational intervention consisting of six one-hour sessions. The sessions include traditional lectures regarding critical thinking, misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories but also includes a game (Bad news), and group discussions, all designed to train high school students in critical thinking as well as the capacity to identify disinformation and conspiracy theories. The project combines competences from media and communication studies, psychology, political science, and data communication, and the intervention has so far been implemented in three Swedish high schools. In the paper we discuss preliminary findings and experiences drawn from the first phase of the project. We will also discuss the applicability of the intervention, and challenges that we have identified.
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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What can we Expect of Cognition after 70? Cognitive Decline, Stability, and Gain between 70 and 79 Years in Three Swedish Birth Cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of gerontology & geriatric medicine. - Herndon : Herald Scholary Open Access. - 2381-8662. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is substantial heterogeneity in cognitive aging trajectories. Although the number of individuals showing cognitive decline increases with age, significant proportions remain stable or show gains. The aim of this study was to investigate birth cohort differences regarding proportions of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability, or gain between ages 70 and 79. We analyzed longitudinal data from three Swedish birth cohorts from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, born 1901-02, 1906-07 and 1930, measured on four cognitive measures (i.e., verbal meaning, figure identification, logical reasoning and spatial ability). We used the standard error of measurement (SEM=s√(1-rxx) at baseline (i.e., 70 years of age) to categorize participants as showing cognitive decline (if scores decreased by >1 SEM between ages 70 and 79), cognitive stability (if change was ≤1SEM), or cognitive gain (if increasing by >1 SEM).Analyses, using χ2- tests, showed that a substantial proportion remained stable over the 9-year period. Our findings also indicated significant cohort differences for all four cognitive measures, with weak to moderate effect sizes. Interestingly earlier born cohorts contained a higher proportion of participants showing cognitive gain and a smaller proportion showing cognitive decline, compared to later born cohorts. Possible explanations for these cohort differences may relate to cohort differences in cognitive reserve, selective survival and psychometric properties of the cognitive tests. These findings have implications for instance regarding the debate concerning postponing retirement age, and the use of cognitive tests in evaluations of for example work capability. © 2019 Karlsson P, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:8, s. 753-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 loci influencing body mass index, but this measure does not distinguish lean from fat mass. To identify adiposity loci, we meta-analyzed associations between ∼2.5 million SNPs and body fat percentage from 36,626 individuals and followed up the 14 most significant (P < 10(-6)) independent loci in 39,576 individuals. We confirmed a previously established adiposity locus in FTO (P = 3 × 10(-26)) and identified two new loci associated with body fat percentage, one near IRS1 (P = 4 × 10(-11)) and one near SPRY2 (P = 3 × 10(-8)). Both loci contain genes with potential links to adipocyte physiology. Notably, the body-fat-decreasing allele near IRS1 is associated with decreased IRS1 expression and with an impaired metabolic profile, including an increased visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and decreased adiponectin levels. Our findings provide new insights into adiposity and insulin resistance.
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| 28. |
- Kolltveit, Erling, et al.
(författare)
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Single-wavelength 40 Gbit/s soliton field transmission experiment over 400 km of installed fibre
- 1999
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 35:1, s. 75-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 40Gbit/s soliton transmission over 400km (57km amplifier spacing) of installed lines without in-line control has been achieved. The maximum transmission penalties for parallel polarised and polarisation division multiplexed soliton transmission were ∼4 and 1dB, respectively. The transmission distance is the longest ever reported for a field trial with a single wavelength bit rate > 20Gbit/s for any optical transmission format. The polarisation mode dispersion was numerically found to completely dominate the system performance.
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| 29. |
- Kristén, Lars, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of Dance for Parkinson's Disease on subjective well-being and functioning as experienced by dancers and their relatives – A descriptive study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1360-8592 .- 1532-9283. ; 40, s. 520-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Research has described improved health for persons with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who participate in dance classes. However, few studies focus on how relatives experience their life together with a partner who has PD and how the impact of Dance for Parkinson's Disease (DfPD) influences everyday life.Objective: The aim of the study was to identify and describe the impact of DfPD on subjective experiences of well-being and functioning in daily living as experienced by dancers and their relatives.Methods: The study used a descriptive method design combining a questionnaire for the dancers at the end of the dance semester and focus group interviews with relatives during a national dance camp.Results: Most of the dancers experienced DfPD as improving their balance, and both the dancers and relatives experienced increased joy and happiness in life. The results highlight health factors such as improved body movements and social interactions, which makes life easier and raises awareness of the importance of DfPD.Conclusion: Dancers and relatives consistently experienced being part of a joyful and healthy exercise, testifying to the positive effects that DfPD has on subjective well-being and body functioning for persons with PD and their relatives. © 2024 The Authors
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| 30. |
- Kristjansdottir, Hallgerdur Lind, et al.
(författare)
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Anemia is associated with increased risk of non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures in elderly men: the MrOS Sweden cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of Osteoporosis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-3522 .- 1862-3514. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study includes 1005 men from the Gothenburg part of the Osteoporotic Fracture in Men Study (MrOS). Included are 66 men with anemia (hemoglobin < 130 g/L). The follow-up time was up to 16 years, and the main results are that anemia is associated with all fractures and non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures. Introduction Anemia and osteoporotic fractures are conditions that are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical studies have suggested that anemia can be used as a predictor of future osteoporotic fractures. Method Men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Sweden, Gothenburg, with available hemoglobin (Hb) values (n = 1005, median age 75.3 years (SD 3.2)), were included in the current analyses. Of these, 66 suffered from anemia, defined as Hb < 130 g/L. Median follow-up time for fracture was 10.1 years and the longest follow-up time was 16.1 years. Results Men with anemia had, at baseline, experienced more falls and had a higher prevalence of diabetes, cancer, prostate cancer, hypertension, and stroke. Anemia was not statistically significantly associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Men with anemia had higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) (p < 0.001) and phosphate (p = 0.001) and lower serum levels of testosterone (p < 0.001) and estradiol (p < 0.001). Moreover, men with anemia had an increased risk of any fracture (hazard ratio (HR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.28-3.02) and non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.18-3.93), after adjustment for age and total hip BMD, in 10 years. The risk for any fracture was increased in 10 and 16 years independently of falls, comorbidities, inflammation, and sex hormones. The age-adjusted risk of hip fracture was increased in men with anemia (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.06-5.12), in 10 years, although this was no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for total hip BMD. Conclusions Anemia is associated with an increased risk for any fracture and non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture in elderly men with a long follow-up time. The cause is probably multifactorial and our results support that anemia can be used as a predictor for future fracture.
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| 31. |
- Kristjansdottir, Hallgerdur Lind, et al.
(författare)
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High Plasma Erythropoietin Predicts Incident Fractures in Elderly Men with Normal Renal Function : The MrOS Sweden Cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : WILEY. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 35:2, s. 298-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preclinical studies on the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in bone metabolism are contradictory. Regeneration models indicate an anabolic effect on bone healing, whereas models on physiologic bone remodeling indicate a catabolic effect on bone mass. No human studies on EPO and fracture risk are available. It is known that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) affects bone mineralization and that serum concentration of FGF23 is higher in men with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Recently, a direct association between EPO and FGF23 has been shown. We have explored the potential association between EPO and bone mineral density (BMD), fracture risk, and FGF23 in humans. Plasma levels of EPO were analyzed in 999 men (aged 69 to 81 years), participating in the Gothenburg part of the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, MrOS Sweden. The mean +/- SD EPO was 11.5 +/- 9.0 IU/L. Results were stratified by eGFR 60 mL/min. For men with eGFR >= 60 mL/min (n = 728), EPO was associated with age (r = 0.13, p < 0.001), total hip BMD (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), intact (i)FGF23 (r = 0.11, p = 0.004), and osteocalcin (r = -0.09, p = 0.022). The association between total hip BMD and EPO was independent of age, body mass index (BMI), iFGF23, and hemoglobin (beta = 0.019, p < 0.001). During the 10-year follow-up, 164 men had an X-ray-verified fracture, including 117 major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), 39 hip fractures, and 64 vertebral fractures. High EPO was associated with higher risk for incident fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43 per tertile EPO, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.63), MOF (HR = 1.40 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.08-1.82), and vertebral fractures (HR = 1.42 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.00-2.01) in a fully adjusted Cox regression model. In men with eGFR<60 mL/min, no association was found between EPO and BMD or fracture risk. We here demonstrate that high levels of EPO are associated with increased fracture risk and increased BMD in elderly men with normal renal function.
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| 32. |
- Larsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of cell viability assays to improve replicability and reproducibility of cancer drug sensitivity screens.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer drug development has been riddled with high attrition rates, in part, due to poor reproducibility of preclinical models for drug discovery. Poor experimental design and lack of scientific transparency may cause experimental biases that in turn affect data quality, robustness and reproducibility. Here, we pinpoint sources of experimental variability in conventional 2D cell-based cancer drug screens to determine the effect of confounders on cell viability for MCF7 and HCC38 breast cancer cell lines treated with platinum agents (cisplatin and carboplatin) and a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib). Variance component analysis demonstrated that variations in cell viability were primarily associated with the choice of pharmaceutical drug and cell line, and less likely to be due to the type of growth medium or assay incubation time. Furthermore, careful consideration should be given to different methods of storing diluted pharmaceutical drugs and use of DMSO controls due to the potential risk of evaporation and the subsequent effect on dose-response curves. Optimization of experimental parameters not only improved data quality substantially but also resulted in reproducible results for bortezomib- and cisplatin-treated HCC38, MCF7, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB-436 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that replicability (the same analyst re-performs the same experiment multiple times) and reproducibility (different analysts perform the same experiment using different experimental conditions) for cell-based drug screens can be improved by identifying potential confounders and subsequent optimization of experimental parameters for each cell line.
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| 33. |
- Larsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Pan-cancer analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data reveals the prognostic relevance of human proteasome genes in different cancer types.
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human proteasome gene family (PSM) consists of 49 genes that play a crucial role in cancer proteostasis. However, little is known about the effect of PSM gene expression and genetic alterations on clinical outcome in different cancer forms.Here, we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of genetic alterations in PSM genes and the subsequent prognostic value of PSM expression using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) containing over 10,000 samples representing up to 33 different cancer types. External validation was performed using a breast cancer cohort and KM plotter with four cancer types.The PSM genetic alteration frequency was high in certain cancer types (e.g. 67%; esophageal adenocarcinoma), with DNA amplification being most common. Compared with normal tissue, most PSM genes were predominantly overexpressed in cancer. Survival analysis also established a relationship with PSM gene expression and adverse clinical outcome, where PSMA1 and PSMD11 expression were linked to more unfavorable prognosis in≥30% of cancer types for both overall survival (OS) and relapse-free interval (PFI). Interestingly, PSMB5 gene expression was associated with OS (36%) and PFI (27%), and OS for PSMD2 (42%), especially when overexpressed.These findings indicate that several PSM genes may potentially be prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for different cancer forms.
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| 34. |
- Lindhult, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality in innovation management auditing
- 2014
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Ingår i: XXV ISPIM Conference – Innovation for Sustainable Economy & Society, June 8-11, 2014, Dublin, Ireland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation management auditing (IMA) is valuable to assessinnovation capability. A review of literature shows that research-based IMAmodelsare few and there are considerable variations in IMA-related researchand models. The quality of different models is often unclear or limited. Thepurpose of this paper is to clarify the basis for valid and reliable auditingthrough discussing and developing a quality framework. Findings point to thatthere are different aims and purposes of IMA; measuring, learning about orchanging innovation capability as well as improved business performancethrough capability enhancement. Different aims imply different focus andformulation of quality to be achieved through IMA efforts. A qualityframework for IMA is developed based on aims and the trustworthiness (validity, reliability and objectivity) in achieving respective aims. Theframework is proposed as a way to assess quality of different models, as aguide to enhance quality through research, and for practitioners to use modelsand tools in a quality-conscious way.
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| 35. |
- Lindström, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender, politics and voting in early modern Scandinavia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gender and political culture in early modern Europe, 1400-1800. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9781138667419 - 9781138667426 - 9781315542188 ; , s. 197-213
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the complex ways in which divergent political developments in Norway and Sweden from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century impacted upon womens ability to take an active part in politics. From a European perspective, Scandinavian women were the first to get a universal vote in national parliamentarian elections. The right of Swedish parishes to participate in and exert their influence on local church elections has a long history and is recorded at least as far back as the medieval law-rolls of the Swedish Provinces. During the Age of Liberty and, especially by the end of the period, the two commoner estates of burghers and peasants got political influence, not least through the party system of hats and caps. However, in local politics, Sweden continued a system with female taxpayers voting, while the feminist movements in Norway and Denmark had to struggle on until 1910 and 1915, respectively, before women got the universal vote in local elections.
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| 36. |
- Magnusson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential vital staining of normal fibroblasts and melanoma cells by an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cytometry Part A. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 1552-4922 .- 1552-4930. ; 87:3, s. 262-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular probes for imaging of live cells are of great interest for studying biological and pathological processes. The anionic luminescent conjugated polythiophene (LCP) polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA), has previously been used for vital staining of cultured fibroblasts as well as transformed cells with results indicating differential staining due to cell phenotype. Herein, we investigated the behavior of PTAA in two normal and five transformed cells lines. PTAA fluorescence in normal cells appeared in a peripheral punctated pattern whereas the probe was more concentrated in a one-sided perinuclear localization in the five transformed cell lines. In fibroblasts, PTAA fluorescence was initially associated with fibronectin and after 24 h partially localized to lysosomes. The uptake and intracellular target in malignant melanoma cells was more ambiguous and the intracellular target of PTAA in melanoma cells is still elusive. PTAA was well tolerated by both fibroblasts and melanoma cells, and microscopic analysis as well as viability assays showed no signs of negative influence on growth. Stained cells maintained their proliferation rate for at least 12 generations. Although the probe itself was nontoxic, photoinduced cellular toxicity was observed in both cell lines upon irradiation directly after staining. However, no cytotoxicity was detected when the cells were irradiated 24 h after staining, indicating that the photoinduced toxicity is dependent on the cellular location of the probe. Overall, these studies certified PTAA as a useful agent for vital staining of cells, and that PTAA can potentially be used to study cancer-related biological and pathological processes.
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| 37. |
- Rizell, Sara, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral and Frontal Cephalometric Measurements in a Cohort With Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; 58:7, s. 838-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020, American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Objective: Descriptions of the craniofacial morphology in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) are primarily based on case reports or visual assessments of affected families. The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric measurements of the craniofacial skeleton in a cohort of individuals with SCS and age- and sex-matched individuals without craniofacial anomalies. Design: Retrospective case series. Patients: Eight girls and 4 boys with SCS (age range, 7.0-19.2 years). Methods: Cephalometric measurements were performed using lateral and frontal cephalograms. Results: Most of the individuals with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome exhibited lower values for SNA, SNB, s-n and s-ar, while their NSL/NL, NSL/ML, NL/ML, and n-s-ba values were higher than the respective mean reference values for healthy individuals. In comparison with age- and sex-matched individuals without craniofacial anomalies, the individuals with SCS showed higher values for the maxillary and mandibular angular measurements, as well as for the menton midline angle. Conclusions: This sample of 12 unrelated individuals with SCS is the largest collected to date for cephalometric measurements. We found that the syndrome is associated with bimaxillary retrognathism, posterior maxillary and mandibular inclination, neutral sagittal relation as well as a tendency toward an open vertical skeletal relation, a short and flattened skull base, and facial asymmetry, as compared to individuals without the syndrome.
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| 38. |
- Svensson, Sara, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The measurement of belief in conspiracy theories in a national context : a systematic literature review and methodological discussion
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As pointed out by the political scientist Josef Uscinski conspiracy theories are about power, who has power and what they do with it when no one sees (Uscinski 2019, 48). Political scientists paid scant attention to conspiracy theories for a long time, though, due to the disciplinary focus on rational choice theory making it hard to accept voters as non-rational actors (Butter and Knight 2019, 37). This has changed in recent years though, to the extent that conspiracy theories can be called a fashionable subject for research, akin to populism and right-wing radicalism. The research has been inspired by empirical developments in the US (especially the presidency of Donald Trump 2016-2020) and US research methods and approaches often dominate, for instance when it comes to operationalizing and measurement of conspiracy theories. This paper does two things. First, it seeks to give an overview of what we know about conspiracy theories in the national context of Sweden and internationally, based on a bibliometric and thematic analysis of 1100 abstracts. Secondly, the paper uses a political science perspective to discuss a pilot project to translate and use the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (Brotherton et al 2013) at Halmstad University. Specific focus is put on connotations to the term “government” and how translation may impact answers in Swedish.
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| 39. |
- Thorvaldsson, Valgeir, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Better Cognition in New Birth Cohorts of 70 Year Olds, But Greater Decline Thereafter
- 2017
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - Cary, NC : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 72:1, s. 16-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo evaluate birth cohort differences in level of cognition and rate of change in old age.MethodsData were drawn from three population-based Swedish samples including age-homogenous cohorts born 1901/02, 1906/07, and 1930, and measured on the same cognitive tests at ages 70, 75, and 79 as part of the Gerontological and Geriatric Populations Studies in Gothenburg (H70). We fitted growth curve models to the data using a Bayesian framework and derived estimates and inferences from the marginal posterior distributions.ResultsWe found moderate to large birth cohort effects in level of performance on all cognitive outcomes. Later born cohorts, however, showed steeper linear rate of decline on reasoning, spatial ability, and perceptual- and motor-speed, but not on picture recognition memory and verbal ability.DiscussionThese findings provide strong evidence for substantial birth cohort effects in cognition in older ages and emphasize the importance of life long environmental factors in shaping cognitive aging trajectories. Inferences from cognitive testing, and standardization of test scores, in elderly populations must take into account the substantial birth cohort differences. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Thorvaldsson, Valgeir, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Secular Changes in Cognitive Trajectories : A Comparison of Birth Cohorts Followed Between 70 and 79 Years of Age
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Gerontologist. - Cary, NC : Oxford University Press. - 0016-9013 .- 1758-5341. ; 55:Suppl. 2, s. 309-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A largely preserved cognition is a prerequisite for everyday-life functioning and wellbeing in old age. In this study we evaluate birth cohort differences as a contextual factor for level and rate of cognitive change from age 70 to 79 based on comparisons of two age-homogenous birth cohorts born 30 years apart (i.e. in 1901-02 and 1930). Data was drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H70, N=1176) including three repeated follow-up measures using a similar cognitive battery at each occasion. Our main finding, in line with previous reports is that of a substantial increase in average performance across cognitive measures in favor of the later born cohort. However, the 1930 born cohort also exhibited a tendency toward a steeper average rate of decline. Further evaluation of moderating and mediating effects of birth cohort differences in cognitive functioning will be discussed. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Vandenput, Liesbeth, et al.
(författare)
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A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 35:3, s. 469-494
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SummaryThe relationship between self-reported falls and fracture risk was estimated in an international meta-analysis of individual-level data from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were associated with an increased fracture risk in women and men and should be considered as an additional risk factor in the FRAX® algorithm.IntroductionPrevious falls are a well-documented risk factor for subsequent fracture but have not yet been incorporated into the FRAX algorithm. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in an international meta-analysis, the association between previous falls and subsequent fracture risk and its relation to sex, age, duration of follow-up, and bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsThe resource comprised 906,359 women and men (66.9% female) from 46 prospective cohorts. Previous falls were uniformly defined as any fall occurring during the previous year in 43 cohorts; the remaining three cohorts had a different question construct. The association between previous falls and fracture risk (any clinical fracture, osteoporotic fracture, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture) was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and each sex, followed by random-effects meta-analyses of the weighted beta coefficients.ResultsFalls in the past year were reported in 21.4% of individuals. During a follow-up of 9,102,207 person-years, 87,352 fractures occurred of which 19,509 were hip fractures. A previous fall was associated with a significantly increased risk of any clinical fracture both in women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–1.51) and men (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41–1.67). The HRs were of similar magnitude for osteoporotic, major osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture. Sex significantly modified the association between previous fall and fracture risk, with predictive values being higher in men than in women (e.g., for major osteoporotic fracture, HR 1.53 (95% CI 1.27–1.84) in men vs. HR 1.32 (95% CI 1.20–1.45) in women, P for interaction = 0.013). The HRs associated with previous falls decreased with age in women and with duration of follow-up in men and women for most fracture outcomes. There was no evidence of an interaction between falls and BMD for fracture risk. Subsequent risk for a major osteoporotic fracture increased with each additional previous fall in women and men.ConclusionsA previous self-reported fall confers an increased risk of fracture that is largely independent of BMD. Previous falls should be considered as an additional risk factor in future iterations of FRAX to improve fracture risk prediction.
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| 43. |
- Vandenput, Liesbeth, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX : a systematic review of potential cohorts and analysis plan
- 2022
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 33:10, s. 2103-2136
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: We describe the collection of cohorts together with the analysis plan for an update of the fracture risk prediction tool FRAX with respect to current and novel risk factors. The resource comprises 2,138,428 participants with a follow-up of approximately 20 million person-years and 116,117 documented incident major osteoporotic fractures.Introduction: The availability of the fracture risk assessment tool FRAX® has substantially enhanced the targeting of treatment to those at high risk of fracture with FRAX now incorporated into more than 100 clinical osteoporosis guidelines worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine whether the current algorithms can be further optimised with respect to current and novel risk factors.Methods: A computerised literature search was performed in PubMed from inception until May 17, 2019, to identify eligible cohorts for updating the FRAX coefficients. Additionally, we searched the abstracts of conference proceedings of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, European Calcified Tissue Society and World Congress of Osteoporosis. Prospective cohort studies with data on baseline clinical risk factors and incident fractures were eligible.Results: Of the 836 records retrieved, 53 were selected for full-text assessment after screening on title and abstract. Twelve cohorts were deemed eligible and of these, 4 novel cohorts were identified. These cohorts, together with 60 previously identified cohorts, will provide the resource for constructing an updated version of FRAX comprising 2,138,428 participants with a follow-up of approximately 20 million person-years and 116,117 documented incident major osteoporotic fractures. For each known and candidate risk factor, multivariate hazard functions for hip fracture, major osteoporotic fracture and death will be tested using extended Poisson regression. Sex- and/or ethnicity-specific differences in the weights of the risk factors will be investigated. After meta-analyses of the cohort-specific beta coefficients for each risk factor, models comprising 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporotic fracture, with or without femoral neck bone mineral density, will be computed.Conclusions: These assembled cohorts and described models will provide the framework for an updated FRAX tool enabling enhanced assessment of fracture risk (PROSPERO (CRD42021227266)).
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- Vimaleswaran, Karani S, et al.
(författare)
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Association of vitamin D status with arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk: a mendelian randomisation study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 2:9, s. 719-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is associated with high arterial blood pressure and hypertension risk, but whether this association is causal is unknown. We used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether 25(OH)D concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. Methods In this mendelian randomisation study, we generated an allele score (25[OH]D synthesis score) based on variants of genes that affect 25(OH)D synthesis or substrate availability (CYP2R1 and DHCR7), which we used as a proxy for 25(OH)D concentration. We meta-analysed data for up to 108173 individuals from 35 studies in the D-CarDia collaboration to investigate associations between the allele score and blood pressure measurements. We complemented these analyses with previously published summary statistics from the International Consortium on Blood Pressure (ICBP), the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, and the Global Blood Pressure Genetics (Global BPGen) consortium. Findings In phenotypic analyses (up to n=49363), increased 25(OH)D concentration was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·12 mm Hg, 95% CI −0·20 to −0·04; p=0·003) and reduced odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·97–0·99; p=0·0003), but not with decreased diastolic blood pressure (β per 10% increase, −0·02 mm Hg, −0·08 to 0·03; p=0·37). In meta-analyses in which we combined data from D-CarDia and the ICBP (n=146581, after exclusion of overlapping studies), each 25(OH)D-increasing allele of the synthesis score was associated with a change of −0·10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·21 to −0·0001; p=0·0498) and a change of −0·08 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·15 to −0·02; p=0·01). When D-CarDia and consortia data for hypertension were meta-analysed together (n=142255), the synthesis score was associated with a reduced odds of hypertension (OR per allele, 0·98, 0·96–0·99; p=0·001). In instrumental variable analysis, each 10% increase in genetically instrumented 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a change of −0·29 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (−0·52 to −0·07; p=0·01), a change of −0·37 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (−0·73 to 0·003; p=0·052), and an 8·1% decreased odds of hypertension (OR 0·92, 0·87–0·97; p=0·002). Interpretation Increased plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D might reduce the risk of hypertension. This finding warrants further investigation in an independent, similarly powered study.
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