| 1. |
- Karlsson, Björn-Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Sound and vibration : effects on infants' heart rate and heart rate variability during neonatal transport
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:2, s. 148-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To measure the effect of sound and whole-body vibration on infants' heart rate and heart rate variability during ground and air ambulance transport.Methods: Sixteen infants were transported by air ambulance with ground ambulance transport to and from the airports. Whole-body vibration and sound levels were recorded and heart parameters were obtained by ECG signal.Results: Sound and whole-body vibration levels exceeded the recommended limits. Mean whole-body vibration and sound levels were 0.19m/s(2) and 73dBA, respectively. Higher whole-body vibration was associated with a lower heart rate (p<0.05), and higher sound level was linked to a higher heart rate (p=0.05). The heart rate variability was significantly higher at the end of the transport than at the beginning (p<0.01). Poorer physiologic status was associated with lower heart rate variability (p<0.001) and a lower heart rate (p<0.01). Infants wearing earmuffs had a lower heart rate (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sound and whole-body vibration during neonatal transport exceed recommended levels for adults and sound seem to have a more stressful effect on the infant than vibrations. Infants should wear earmuffs during neonatal transport because of the stress reducing effect.
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| 3. |
- Fischer, Stellan, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of a Product Register based ExposureIndex : Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate June 2006 (original version in Swedish, March 2005)
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exposure data are often lacking in chemical risk reduction work. This report presents a method of processing confidential information in the Product Register of the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate so that a non-confidential Exposure Index based on Swedish use of chemicals can be produced. It is intended that this index will supplement existing knowledge of industrial point sources by focusing primarily on diffuse emissions. A pilot study funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency which was carried out in 2002 laid the foundation for the ExposureIndex. The Swedish EPA has also funded this continuation project, the aim of which is to develop a complete method. Because of confidentiality concerns, the actual processing of data has to be done at the Product Register.Usable information in the Product Register is the chemical composition of chemical products, the use category and branch category for products, quantities, consumer availability and label symbol. The Product Register contains annually updated information on 65,000 products containing around 15,000 different substances.The methodology involves calculation in several stages. First, a "UseIndex" is calculated describing the general potential of a chemical to be released from a specific type of use. This is done for each specific quantity of chemical in the product concerned. UseIndex values are then added together for the substance concerned to give a substance-specific UseIndex. In the last step, quantitative data for a substance are used to calculate an "ExposureIndex". ExposureIndex values have been calculated for around 10,000 substances and give a rough indication of the probability of a recipient being exposed to a specific substance.This methodology calculates index values for five different recipients representing "surface water", "soil", "air", "sewage treatment plant" and "human". As chemical/physical data cannot be included for so many substances, the method is only able to predict release to the immediate surroundings of various places where chemicals are used. These are therefore referred to as "primary recipients".
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| 4. |
- Fischer, Stellan, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport från projektet: Framtagande av produktregisterbaserat ExponeringsIndex
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid riskminskningsarbete med kemikalier saknas ofta exponeringsdata. Denna rapport visar på en metod att bearbeta konfidentiell information i Kemikalieinspektionens produktregister så att man kan få fram ett icke-konfidentiell ExponeringsIndex som bygger på den svenska kemikaliehanteringen. Det är tänkt att detta index ska komplettera befintlig kunskap om industriella punktkällor genom att främst fokusera på diffusa spridningar. En förstudie finansierad av Naturvårdsverket gjord 2002 lades grunderna för hur man kan räkna fram ett ExponeringsIndex. Naturvårdsverket har även finansierat detta fortsättningsprojekt som har till syfte att ta fram en färdig metod. p.g.a. konfidentialitet måste själva databearbetningen göras på Produktregistret.Användbar information i produktregistret är kemikaliesammansättning av kemiska produkter, funktion och användningsområde för produkter, kvantiteter, konsumenttillgänglighet samt farosymbol på etiketten. Registret innehåller årligen uppdaterad information om 65 000 produkter innehållande ca 15 000 olika ämnen.Metodiken kräver beräkning i flera steg. Först beräknas ett s.k. HanteringsIndex som beskriver en kemikalies generella potential att spridas från en viss typ av kemikaliehantering. Detta görs för varje specifik kemikaliemängd i respektive produkt. Därefter adderas HanteringsIndex ihop för respektive ämne till ett ämnesspecifikt HanteringsIndex. Det sista steget är att räkna in kvantitativa uppgifter för respektive ämne till ett s.k. ExponeringsIndex. ExponeringsIndex har tagits fram för ca 10 000 ämnen och är ett grovt mått på sannolikheten för att ett specifikt ämne exponerar en viss typ av recipient.Metodiken beräknar index för fem olika recipienter representerande "ytvatten", "jord", "luft", "reningsverk" och "människa". Då kemisk/fysikaliska data inte kan inkluderas för så många ämnen är metodens förmåga att prognostisera spridning begränsad till närmiljöer kring olika kemikaliehanteringar. Därför benämns dessa "primärrecipienter".
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| 5. |
- Fischer, Stellan, et al.
(författare)
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Val av screeningämnen till Naturvårdsverkets Screeningprogram 2007 : Framtagen med produktregisterbaserat ExponeringsIndex
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ExponeringsIndex finns framtaget för ca 10 000 kemikalier och ger ett grovt mått på exponering av ett antal primärrecipienter. Indexet bygger på den användningsbeskrivning samt kvantitet av kemiska produkter som finns dokumenterad i Kemikalieinspektionens produktregister. Denna rapport redovisar en vidareutveckling av ExponeringsIndexmetoden och målet har varit att välja ut ett färre antal ämnen. Ämnena ska vara möjliga kandidatämnen till Naturvårdsverkets screeningprogram. Information i produktregistret som har använts är sammansättningen av kemiska produkter, funktion och användningsområde för produkter, kvantiteter, konsumenttillgänglighet samt farosymbol på etiketten. Registret innehåller årligen uppdaterad information om 65 000 produkter innehållande ca 15 000 olika ämnen. Den nya metodiken innehåller både nyheter samt revidering av tidigare metodik. Nytt är bland annat att en tidstrendsanalys har gjorts och den finns med i urvalet av kandidatämnen. Revidering av beräkningssättet har lett till att ExponeringsIndex delkomponenter har tilldelats nya värden. Rapporten redovisar en resultatlista (baslistan) där kandidatämnen finns markerade per recipient. Baslistan innehåller ExponeringsIndex per ämne för de fem olika recipienterna samt annan relevant information.
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Maria G. E.
(författare)
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The Importance of Cell-Mediated Immunity for the Development of Type 1 Diabetes
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterised by infiltration of T-lymphocytes in the islets of Langerhans. In particular, activated Th1-like lymphocytes secreting IFN-γ are suggested to contribute to the inflammatory process and the destruction of ß-cells, whereas Th2-like cells producing IL-4 might even be protective. Environmental factors (diet, viruses, stress etc.) and autoantigens, e.g. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD65) and insulin, are suggested to initiate the autoimmune process resulting in type I diabetes.Aim To estimate the immunological balance of Th1/Th2-like lymphocytes, spontaneously and after stimulation with antigens, in high-risk first degree relatives of type 1 diabetic children and in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Materials and methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy high-risk first-degree relatives (ICA ≥ 20) and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children were examined and compared with the response seen in PBMC from healthy controls matched for age and HLA-type (DR3 and/or DR4).Expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR or real-time RTPCR and IFN-γ and IL-4 by ELISPOT or ELISA, spontaneously and after stimulation with GAD65 , insulin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), the ABBOS-peptide and ß-lactoglobulin (ßLG). Cytokine expression and secretion was compared to the production of diabetes-associated autoantibodies and to the secretion of endogenous insulin.Results The epitope of GAD65, that mimics the Coxsackie B virus, caused increased IFN-γ mRNA expression in activated Th1-like lymphocytes from newly diagnosed diabetic children. This suggests that GAD65 might be involved in the development of type I diabetes. On the contrary, cow's milk proteins caused increased IFN-γ and IL- 4 mRNA expression in activated Th1- and Th2-like lymphocytes from both diabetic and healthy children. This does not support the hypothesis that cow's milk antigens are important for the development of type 1 diabetes.Overwhelming secretion of IFN-γ was observed in high-risk first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic children. High-risk individuals still have the ability to change a Th1-like immune deviation into a more protective Th2-like response in the presence of GAD65 and insulin.Conclusions GAD65, but not cow's milk proteins, causes a Th1-like deviation in type 1 diabetic children. High-risk individuals are capable to deviate a Th1-like immune system into a more protective Th2-like response in the presence of autoantigens. These results can be useful in future therapeutic approaches.
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| 14. |
- Liljelind, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Method for Multiresidue Determination of Halogenated Aromatics and PAHs in Combustion-Related Samples
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 37:16, s. 3680-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flue gas and fly ash samples have a complex composition. Thus, thorough extraction and selective cleanup prior to analysis are essential. This paper presents an evaluated method for determining halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PXDD), halogenated dibenzofurans (PXDF), chlorinated biphenyls (PCB), chlorobenzenes (CBz), -phenols (CPh), dibenzo-p-dioxins (DD), dibenzofurans (DF), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a single sample. Since these combustion byproducts are ubiquitous, harmful environmental contaminants it is very important to obtain reliable assessments of them: especially specific PCDD/F and PCB congeners with Ah-receptor mediated toxicity. The reported method for this purpose includes techniques such as solid-phase extraction, Soxhlet-Dean-Stark extraction, cleanup using open liquid chromatographic columns, and finally GC/MS analysis/determination with quantification by the isotope dilution technique. The validation results presented here show good reproducibility for PXDD/F and PCB and are satisfactory for CPh, CBz, and PAH. An extraction efficiency test revealed that a nonpolar solvent did not completely extract a few analytes, i.e., diCPh and fluorene, which appear to require a more polar extraction agent. To pinpoint and minimize the loss of analytes, specific studies on reductions of their amounts during sample concentration were performed, showing that traditional rotary evaporation and nitrogen blow-down produce equally good results as a novel technique.
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| 15. |
- Magnusson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with implantable defibrillators
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-7525. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) is largely unknown. The aim was to assess HRQL, including comparisons between groups, using the questionnaire SF-36, and compare it to a Swedish age-and sex-matched population. Methods and Results: Validated data on adult HCM patients with ICDs were used. The SF-36 response rate was 82.5 % and 245 patients (mean age 55.9 years, 70.2 % men) were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, t-test, Spearman correlation and effect size calculations. In all SF-36 domains the patients' score was lower (p-value of <0.0001) than norms except for bodily pain. The general health domain showed the highest effect size (0.77) and the impact was more pronounced in the SF-36 physical component summary score (0.62) than the mental component summary score (0.46). Older age was correlated with lower scores on the physical component and higher scores on the mental component. Atrial fibrillation and/or systolic heart failure were associated with worse physical health. HRQL was similar in primary vs secondary prevention cases. Inappropriate ICD shock was associated with worse mental health while appropriate therapy trended toward better mental health. Conclusion: HCM patients with ICDs suffer from poor HRQL regardless of age, sex, or primary vs secondary prevention indication. Atrial fibrillation and systolic heart failure are determinants of poor physical health. Inappropriate shocks, but not appropriate therapies, are associated with poorer mental health.
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| 19. |
- Welsh, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Transgeneic mice expressing the Shb adaptor protein under the control of rat insulin promoter exhibit altered viability of pancreatic islet cells
- 1999
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Ingår i: Molecular Medicine. - 1076-1551. ; 5:3, s. 169-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDThe Src-homology 2 domain-containing adaptor protein Shb was recently cloned as a serum-inducible gene in the insulin-producing beta-TC1 cell line. Subsequent studies have revealed an involvement of Shb for apoptosis in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and differentiation in the neuronal PC12 cells. To assess a role of Shb for beta-cell function, transgenic mice utilizing the rat insulin promoter to drive expression of Shb were generated.MATERIALS AND METHODSA gene construct allowing the Shb cDNA to be expressed from the rat insulin 2 promoter was microinjected into fertilized mouse oocytes and implanted into pseudopregnant mice. Mice containing a low copy number of this transgene were bred and used for further experimentation. Shb expression was determined by Western blot analysis. The insulin-positive area of whole pancreas, insulin secretion of isolated islets and islet cell apoptosis, glucose tolerance tests, and in vivo sensitivity to multiple injections of the beta-cell toxin streptozotocin were determined in control CBA and Shb-transgenic mice.RESULTSWestern blot analysis revealed elevated islet content of the Shb protein. Shb-transgenic mice displayed enhanced glucose-disappearance rates in response to an intravenous glucose injection. The relative pancreatic beta-cell area neonatally and at 6 months of age were increased in the Shb-transgenic mice. Islets isolated from Shb-transgenic mice showed enhanced insulin secretion in response to glucose and increased insulin and DNA content. Apoptosis was increased in islets isolated from Shb-transgenic mice compared with control islets both under basal conditions and after incubation with IL-1 beta + IFN-gamma. Rat insulinoma RINm5F cells overexpressing Shb displayed decreased viability during culture in 0.1% serum and after exposure to a cytotoxic dose of nicotinamide. Shb-transgenic mice injected with multiple doses of streptozotocin showed increased blood glucose values compared with the corresponding controls, suggesting increased in vivo susceptibility to this toxin.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that Shb has dual effects on beta-cell growth: whereas Shb increases beta-cell formation during late embryonal stages, Shb also enhances beta-cell death under certain stressful conditions and may thus contribute to beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes.
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