| 1. |
- Berglund, Martina, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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HTO - a concept of humans, technology and organisation in interaction
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Working life of today faces challenges. There is a fast pace in technical and organisational development and continual demands for increased performance. In order to manage the increasing complexity in work systems, there is a need to take a holistic view on operations. One such view is the systems concept of Humans, Technology and Organisation (HTO). The aim of this report is to describe the HTO concept, how it was developed, and how it can be used to develop work and work systems, understand humans at work, and understand contributing factors to organisational performance and individual well-being. The core of the HTO model is human work activity and how it is carried out within a work system consisting of humans, technology and the organisation. Focussing on human work activity generates knowledge about work conditions, needed competences and collective interaction, but also understanding about outcomes of the activities – the systems performance. H, the Humans in the work system, can be understood from different perspectives, for example as biological systems, information processing systems, individuals with unique personal traits and experiences, or as members of social groups. The H can thus in itself be regarded as a sub-system within HTO. In a similar way, T, Technology, includes several facets, such as tangible tools and machinery, intangible IT systems and software, and environmental characteristics that are technologically designed. The same applies for O, Organisation, consisting of both formal aspects (e.g. written work instructions and follow-up systems) and informal aspects (e.g. organisational culture and informal work practice). Applying HTO in practice generates several types of outcomes: 1) HTO to design products shows that it can be beneficial for productivity, quality and individual safety; 2) HTO to analyse and understand complex work may shed light on complex work in practice, the influences between the individual and the work system, and gaps between prescribed, standard work and how it is carried out in practice; 3) HTO to understand safety shows that it is achieved through systems thinking, thus technology needs to be designed to match human capabilities, and HTO barriers should be in place to prevent accidents; and 4) HTO to improve health and productivity may result in workplace redesign, increased individual well-being and business productivity. HTO has several uses, such as a theoretical framework, an analytical tool, and a method for a holistic view on human work, but also as a tool for visualisation and design.
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| 2. |
- Bruch, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Methodology for the Assessment of Information Requirements in a Proactive Assembly Work Setting
- 2008
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium, November 18-20, 2008. ; , s. 311-318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assembly work settings enabling proactive behaviour of the assembly operators are considered to be an important factor enabling customization of assembly work. As a consequence, access to necessary and essential information is a critical means to support proactive behaviour of assembly operators. In this paper we propose a methodology for assessing information requirements supporting operators’ proactive activities and decisions. The methodology is based on work domain analysis and it was used for assessing the information flow in a real assembly setting. By analysing the structure of information exchange and the hierarchical means-ends relationships a number of conclusions could be drawn. The first is that in order to consider information needed for all possible work activities, work domain analysis is a suitable approach. Additionally, proactive behaviour is related to the access to information answering why and what-questions. Furthermore, development towards more proactivity among assembly operators may necessitate decentralised decision-making. It is also concluded that in order to identify intentional constraints of an assembly system with increased proactivity, it is necessary to examine the levels of automation. Furthermore, to reach productivity gains the levels of competence must be developed so that most proactive decisions will remain on the skill- or rule-based levels.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Forslund, Magnus, 1969-
(författare)
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Ledarskap för ökad innovationsförmåga : exemplet Småland
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ordet innovation har nästan blivit det nya svarta. Fokus ligger på hur företag, offentliga organisationer och ideella föreningar kan bli mer innovativa. Boken presenterar teorier, modeller, metoder och verktyg som i projektet Ledarskap i Småland använts för att hjälpa ledare att öka organisationens innovationsförmåga. Citat och exempel från ledares vardag i framför allt små och medelstora organisationer används som illustrationer. Med begrepp som 0,5-steg och att tända många eldar riktar sig boken i första hand till praktiskt verksamma ledare – i och utanför Småland. Detta är projektets andra bok. Den första heter Småländskt ledarskap – inledande betraktelser.
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| 5. |
- Iwald, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Acidifying effect of removal of tree stumps and logging residues as compared to atmospheric deposition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 290, s. 49-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harvesting of stumps and logging residues for bioenergy can be expected to increase in the future. An increased biomass export from the forest will increase the biological acidification, measured as net cation (cations-anions) export. The aim of this study is to estimate the acidifying effect that various levels of harvesting of tree stumps and logging residues will have in Sweden, and compare this with the acidification currently caused by acid deposition. Estimations of yearly logging of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) and birch (Betula spp.) on county-level were made based on scenario data from forestry consequence analyses and data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory. Data of cation and anion contents in tree parts were used to calculate the net cation extraction per area unit resulting from harvesting of stumps, stem-wood and logging residues, respectively. County-level data were merged into data for three different regions representing a gradient in deposition and climate.Results indicate that harvesting of stumps constitutes 13-24% of total (stumps + stem-wood + logging residues) excess cation extraction, depending on harvest intensity and tree species. Harvesting of logging residues constitutes 27-45% of total net cation extraction. The higher acidifying effect of logging residues can be explained by the higher contents of base cations in needles and branches compared to stem-wood. In a comparison between total net cation extraction by tree harvesting and maximum levels of current acid deposition the acidifying effect of pine harvesting is 57-108% of that of acid deposition, the acidifying effect of spruce harvesting is 114-263% while the acidifying effect of birch harvesting is 60-171%. Concerning the amount of acid input to the soil per unit heating value as biofuel, stump harvesting generates 12-27 eq H+ MWh(-1) while logging residue harvesting generates 39-66 eq H+ MWh(-1).Stump harvesting generates a higher heating value per area unit than logging residue harvesting and results in a lower acid input to the soil per unit heating value generated. Thus, from a strict nutrient balance and acidification perspective stump harvesting is a better alternative than harvesting of logging residues. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Iwald, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effekter på mark av 50 års försurningsbelastning från atmosfärisk deposition och katjonupptag i biomassa : en analys av data från Riksskogstaxeringen och Markinventeringen
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den atmosfäriska depositionen av försurande ämnen har i sydvästra Sverige minskat till mindre än en femtedel av vad den var i början av 1990-talet. En möjlig förklaring till den trots detta, långsamma återhämtningen från försurningen av mark och vatten i skogslandskapet, är att den biologiska försurningen har ökat på grund av en ökad tillväxt som möjliggjort en kontinuerlig ökning av både stående biomassa och skörd av skogsråvara. Dessutom har ett ökat uttag av GROT för förbränning ytterligare bidragit till den biologiska försurningsbelastningen. I rapporten kvantifierar och jämför vi förändringarna i försurningsbelastning från deposition, skogstillväxt och avverkning från 1950/60 fram till idag och relaterar denna till skogsmarkens försurningsstatus och förråden av växttillgängliga baskatjoner i mark och biomassa. Rapporten baserar sig på data från Riksskogstaxeringen, Markinventeringen, EMEP och SMHI samt information från olika vetenskapliga artiklar. De stora förändringarna i försurningsbelastning sedan 1950-talet har skett genom förändringar i depositionen, först genom en stor uppgång fram till slutet av 1980-talet och sedan genom en ännu snabbare nedgång under 1990- och 2000-talen. Skogsbrukets bidrag till försurningsbelastningen har ökat något under perioden genom ökad bortförsel av träddelar vid avverkning och ökat upptag i stående biomassa, men ökningen är bara signifikant i den sydöstra regionen. Ökningen är relativt måttlig och förändringarna är små i förhållande till de förändringar som har skett i total försurningsbelastning genom förändringar i depositionsbelastning. Det ökade uttaget av GROT har ökat försurningsbelastningen, främst i sydvästra och sydöstra Sverige där uttaget är störst, men är totalt sett en mindre del av den skogsproduktionsrelaterade försurningsbelastningen i ett brukat skogslandskap. Det finns inte någon tydlig geografisk trend i markens baskatjonförråd relaterat till den totala försurningsbelastningen. Förrådet av utbytbara baskatjoner i marken varierar mer med markens och modermaterialets geokemiska egenskaper än med försurningsbelastningen. Resultaten från den här studien representerar det faktiska GROT-uttaget som skett i skogslandskapet på länsnivå, vilket innebär att slutsatserna från studien inte behöver återspegla effekterna på beståndsnivå där det fortfarande kan vara problem med näringstillgången och behov av kompensation i form av t.ex. askåterföring.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Karlsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience through the daily work of first line managers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contemporary EHF 2020.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organisational resilience can be a source of competitiveness, enabling companies to respond and adapt to unexpected changes, ensuring that a company can thrive whilst dealing with the unexpected. The ability of first line managers (FLMs) to handle their daily work at the operational level in order to maintain a stable production output, while managing the many challenges in the complex industrial context, is key. The importance of how FLMs can handle their role has been confirmed by several researchers – and more research is needed. In this research, two manufacturing companies are participating as they wish to develop their FLMs’ abilities to handle their role as an intermediate position between workers, technical support staff and upper management. The study aims to produce knowledge of how the daily work in the role of FLMs is enacted in the manufacturing context and how resilient action strategies can be developed for both performance and wellbeing. The study follows a collaborative approach in which two manufacturing companies are participating. After an initial workshop and ten in-depth interviews with FLMs the preliminary results indicate that the disturbances of daily work per se were expected by many of the interviewees. Difficulties involved were diminished by developed routines, although the information about those sometimes were difficult to find. Improvement opportunities regarded for example clarification of the role, better collaboration with support functions, more time to spend with operators interacting at shop floor level and expanding proactive action strategies.
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| 12. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of the Human-Technology-Organization Concept in Teaching Ergonomics – Students Perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960791 - 9783319960807 ; , s. 627-636
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human-technology-organization (HTO) concept has been used for creating systems understanding of ergonomics in three engineering educations at the School of Engineering in Jönköping. Students from courses given in two undergraduate and one graduate program (n = 122) participated in the study, which involved a course evaluation questionnaire to assess the understanding of ergonomics as discipline and HTO as a means for creating systems understanding. The questionnaire included both ranking and personal comments to the questions. The results show that the students in general considered knowledge of ergonomics and HTO as beneficial for their future work and that the HTO concept did contribute to their understanding of workplace ergonomics. However, there was a significant difference between undergraduate and graduate students in all these aspects where undergraduates ranked all these aspects lower than graduates. This was also reflected in personal comments on the questions. Conclusions that can be drawn are that understanding systems is generally difficult and the HTO concept can assist in helping students to overcome these difficulties. However, the differences between the student groups must be explicitly considered as well as increasing students’ awareness of the relevance of ergonomics for engineers.
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| 13. |
- Karltun, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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HTO : a complementary ergonomics perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management - XI. ; , s. 355-360
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the broad field of ergonomics and human factors provides a strong potential in systems analysis, design and improvement, the focus risks being perceived unclear for different stakeholders. This paper addresses how focusing the interactions between Humans, Technology and Organization by using the HTO concept contributes to the understanding, communication and use of systems thinking inherent in the discipline of Ergonomics and Human Factors. The authors’ experiences illustrate how the use of the HTO concept in various industries and in academic teaching gives advantages regarding interactions, communicativeness, attractiveness, activity and pedagogical benefits.
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| 14. |
- Karltun, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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HTO - A complementary ergonomics approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: APPLIED ERGONOMICS. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 59, s. 182-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of human factors and ergonomics constitutes a strong potential in systems analysis, design and improvement. However, it is difficult to communicate its potential value. This paper addresses how the human-technology-organization (HTO) concept can be defined and supports the understanding, communication and development of the systems' character and potential of human factors and ergonomics. Empirical examples from the authors' experiences of working with the HTO concept in R&D and teaching are illustrated, including its usefulness as: 1) a conceptual model; 2) an analysis framework; 3) a meta methodology; 4) a pedagogical tool; and 5) a design tool. The use of HTO provides guidance on how the system can be designed to better support health, individual and systems performance. It is further suggested that there is a strong potential for developing the theory, applications and methodological aspects of HTO.
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| 15. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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HTO - a complementary ergonomics perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management – xi Nordic Ergonomics Society Annual Conference – 46, Copenhagen, August 17-20. - : Nordic Ergonomics Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive Oral Assessment Supporting Active Learning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International CDIO Conference, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, June 16-19, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CDIO standards stress the importance of using a variety of examination methods for effective learning assessment as well as active learning methods to help the students develop skills in applying knowledge to new settings. Oral assessment methods in a more traditional form where students answer questions in oral form instead of in written seems to be underrepresented in practice as well as in the literature although it has many benefits in supporting active learning and reaching learning outcomes. The oral examination method has been used during ten years within the field of Industrial Engineering and Management at the School of Engineering at Jönköping University in Sweden. The aim of this paper is to show how the oral assessment method has been successfully used in contributing to active learning in engineering education and lessons learned from this experience. The experience shows that by having students undertaking the assessment in groups, an active learning occasion is created by interaction between students as well as students and teacher. Through the design of the assessment the teacher has the opportunity to help the students to make connections between detailed knowledge and system understanding as well as among key concepts and to the application of knowledge to new settings. The assessment procedure also supports the teacher to discern the learning outcomes from each student. Further, the interaction between the teacher and the students during the assessment helps the teacher to capture what improvements need to be made in teaching and learning.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Karltun, Anette, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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The work of first line managers – A key to resilience in manufacturing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First-line managers (FLMs) have a vital role in developing stable output and organizational competitiveness through their ability to manage front-line operations in daily work. It is also well known that FLMs are strong determinants of good ergonomics and well-being for front-line staff. However, research focusing on how FLMs deal with their important role is lacking particularly regarding empirical studies. The focus here is how they deal with uncertainties and disruptive interruptions and develop more resilient performance in daily work – introduced in this article as resilient action strategies.This research uses two conceptual frameworks on resilient engineering for analysis of FLM's actions in daily work in two manufacturing companies, to explore how resilient action strategies can be organizationally supported. The study combines analysis of front-line activities with multilevel organizational support based on 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews with FLMs and support functions, 21 workshops as well as policy documents of the two companies. The analysis exemplifies how resilience engineering was enabled in practice in the organizations.The study contributes to the empirical understanding of how resilience can be organizationally supported in daily front-line work. Our results show that a developed and consistent infrastructure in companies promotes the emergence of resilient action strategies in front-line work. We propose an extended model for resilient front-line performance enhancement by including coordination as a linking aspect between the earlier suggested resilient potentials – anticipate, monitor, respond and learn. This highlights the importance of both organizational support and coordination between system levels to enable the development of resilient action strategies by FLMs.
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| 19. |
- Karltun, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Forest biomass accumulation is an important source of acidity to forest soils: Data from Swedish inventories of forests and soils 1955 to 2010
- 2021
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Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51, s. 199-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The input of acidity to Swedish forest soils through forestry between 1955 and 2010 is compared with the acid input from atmospheric deposition. Depending on region, input of acidity from forestry was the minor part (25-45%) of the study period's accumulated acid input but is now the dominating source (140-270 mol(c) ha(-1) year(-1)). The net uptake of cations due to the increase in standing forest biomass, ranged between 35 and 45% of the forestry related input of acidity while whole-tree harvesting, introduced in the late 1990s, contributed only marginally (< 2%). The geographical gradient in acid input is reflected in the proportion of acidified soils in Sweden but edaphic properties contribute to variations in acidification sensitivity. It is important to consider the acid input due to increases in standing forest biomass in acidification assessments since it is long-term and quantitatively important.
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| 20. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Activity – The Core of Human-Technology-Organization
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030746018 - 9783030746025 ; , s. 704-711
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human work activities are at the core of value adding processes creating system performance. The concept of human, technology and organization (HTO) is used in different cases as it offers a framework for understanding and developing work. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the character of work activities and their significance in using the HTO concept. The aspects elaborated on are: the relation between the objectives of the organization and the activity, the organizational context of the activity, the variability of the individual and the work process, the influence of history, the relation between the individual and the activity and finally how activity can be studied. Looking at three short examples from different industries, it can be concluded that the HTO concept is beneficial to use in order to better understand the studied activities in the examples. However, there must be clearly identifiable tasks to really benefit from the HTO concept.
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| 21. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Handbok för första linjens chefer
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Från inledningen: Den här handboken vänder sig framför allt till dig som är första linjens chef i tillverkande industri. Första linjens chef definieras här som den första chefsnivån som har personalansvar. Det är den vanligaste chefspositionen och finns i alla företag med minst en chefsnivå. Det är en oerhört viktig funktion! Även forskningen lyfter fram första linjens chef som en nyckelposition för att skapa en väl fungerande och hållbar produktion.Du kanske är helt ny i rollen som chef och då är det här en hjälp till att förstå uppgiften. Eller så är du erfaren chef men ny i företaget, och kan behöva lite tips för att förstå och lyckas i ditt nya jobb. Slutligen hoppas vi erbjuda några guldkorn även för dig som är erfaren chef i ett företag som du känner sedan länge.Handboken vänder sig också till dig som har en roll i samarbete med första linjens chefer. Du kanske jobbar i linjen eller är teamledare, dvs ledare utan personalansvar. Du kanske är andra linjens chef eller har en stödfunktion till produktionen med ansvar för skydd och säkerhet, planering, kvalitetsutveckling, tekniskt underhåll, teknikutveckling, produktutveckling, logistik eller HR-funktioner. Vi hoppas att ni alla kan hitta användbara råd och lärdomar i handboken.I handboken vill vi tydliggöra arbetsinnehållet för första linjens chefer och hur det kan utvecklas. Vi gör det genom att beskriva rollen och arbetet som första linjens chef. Vi lägger också stor vikt vid att beskriva dynamiken och problemlösningen som hela tiden är närvarande. Dessutom vill vi peka på möjligheterna att systematiskt utveckla förutsättningarna för och förmågan att arbeta som chef i första linjen – så att du kan fungera och må bra i uppgiften på ett hållbart sätt eller stötta den personsom har denna roll. En första linjens chef har stor inverkan på både arbetsmiljön och effektiviteten inom sitt område. Även chefens arbetsmiljö är därför av stor vikt för att nå bra resultat inom dessa områden.
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| 22. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Handbook for front line managers
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From the introduction: This handbook is aimed primarily at front line managers (FLMs) in manufacturing industries. Frontline manager is defined here as the first management level with personnel responsibility. It is the most common managerial position and is found in all companies that have at least one management level. It is an extremely important role. Research also highlights the FLM as a key position in the creation of well-functioning and sustainable production.You may be new to the role of being a manager, if so this book will help you to understand your tasks. If you are an experienced manager but new to the company, you will find some suggestions on how to succeed in your new job. Finally, we hope that we can offer some pearls of wisdom for those of you who are experienced managers in a company you have known for a long time.The handbook is also for you who collaborate with FLMs. You may be working in the line or as a team leader, which is a leader without personnel responsibility. You may be a second line manager or have a production support role with responsibility for protection and safety, planning and scheduling, quality development, technical maintenance, technological development, product development, logistics, HR functions or something else. We hope that the handbook will provide you all with useful advice and information.This handbook is intended to clarify the content of FLM’s work and how it can be developed. We do this by describing the role and work of the FLM but also the ever-present dynamics and problem-solving foundin the role. We also want to underscore opportunities for systematically developing the potential for and ability to work as a FLM. To enable you to work and thrive in the role in the long term or support someone else in this role. FLMs have a major impact on both work environment and efficiency within their area. As such, the manager’s work environment is also of great importance for success.
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| 23. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Positioning the study of first line managers’ resilient action strategies
- 2019
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Ingår i: 8th REA Symposium on Resilience Engineering: Scaling up and Speeding up. - : Lnu Press. - 9789188898951
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a study on the action strategies of first line managers (FLMs) using a resilience perspective and the aim is to position the study in the theoretical field of resilience management and engineering. One important key to an organization's long-term competitiveness are the first line managers’ ability to handle the role as a leader in daily work. In the role of a FLM, there are a lot of conflicting objectives to manage, for example, regarding available resources, subordinates’ views versus superiors’, centralized and/or local control, optimization of cost and capability (quality and delivery). Moreover, at the operational level of detail, FLMs have to balance daily deliveries in relation to development activities, i.e. technical development, product development, implementation of new system and management concepts. Regardless of the complexity in work and organisational change over time, a FLM’s most important task is to contribute to a high and stable production output out of an input that is characterized by variability and disturbances. To do so in a sustainable way, the FLMs must develop action strategies about ways of working and problem solving that systematically facilitate coping with the situation and managing their own workload. We consider this as developing resilient actions strategies that allow the FLMs to handle the upcoming problems without getting problems on their own. In this paper we describe and develop the theoretical underpinnings of the study as well as how we position our own research in relation to the different theoretical strands of resilience management. We further suggest some methodological ideas on how to capture the work and nature of first line managers’ resilient action strategies. The focus in our work will thus be on how FLMs handle and can improve the more or less chaotic mix of activities in daily work in a resilient way.
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| 24. |
- Karltun, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Studying resilient action strategies of first line managers [Protocol]
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Science Protocols. - : University of Edinburgh. - 2516-8053. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One important key to an organization’s long-term competitiveness is the ability of first line managers (FLMs) to handle their role as a leader in daily work. FLMs main task is to contribute to a high and stable production output according to customer demands from an input that is characterized by instability and variability. To do so, FLMs must develop resilient action strategies – ways of working and daily problem solving that systematically facilitate to cope with instability. In this study protocol we present a methodological approach developed to evaluate and improve these.Methods/Design: The research approach is collaborative and developmental and performed together with two companies. The approach integrates and extends the theory and application of a model on interactive research and a framework on activity analysis. It will be applied using data collection techniques like interviews, diaries, observations, document analysis, and questionnaires. The analysis and development stages will be performed both separate and in collaboration in workshops and the result is planned to end up in the joint writing of a generic handbook on advantageous action strategies for FLMs’.Discussion: This study contributes with a new integration of two methodological approaches which provides a novel way to understand and develop dynamic on-the-job behaviour in work settings.
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| 25. |
- Anderson, Janet E., et al.
(författare)
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Translating research on quality improvement in five European countries into a reflective guide for hospital leaders : the ‘QUASER Hospital Guide’
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press. - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 31:8, s. G87-G96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to translate the findings of the QUASER study into a reflective, dialogic guide to help senior hospital leaders develop an organization wide QI strategy.Design: The QUASER study involved in depth ethnographic research into QI work and practices in two hospitals in each of five European countries. Three translational stakeholder workshops were held to review research findings and advise on the design of the Guide. An extended iterative process involving researchers from each participant country was then used to populate the Guide.Setting: The research was carried out in two hospitals in each of five European countries.Participants: In total, 389 interviews with healthcare practitioners and 803 hours of observations.Intervention: None.Main outcome measure: None.Results: The QUASER Hospital Guide was designed for leadership teams to diagnose their organization’s strengths and weaknesses in the eight QI challenges. The Guide supports organizational dialogue about QI challenges, enables leaders to share perspectives, and helps teams to develop solutions to their situated problems. The Guide includes extensive examples of QI strategies drawn from the data and is published online and on paper.Conclusion: The QUASER Hospital Guide is empirically based, draws on a dialogical approach to Organizational Development and complexity science and can facilitate hospital leadership teams to identify the best solutions for their organization.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of production planning and scheduling work using ergonomic work analysis
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. - 0945289138 ; , s. 2:231-234
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Production scheduling is an important and complex activity in manufacturing enterprises. Increasing market demands concerning service has to be managed, offen within reduced time space and decision latitude. This paper reports findings from studying scheduling in a Swedish sawmill with the twofold aim to describe and analyze scheduling work and to assess ergonomic work analysis as a method for this. The conclusions drawn were that sawmill scheduling work was complex and that the scheduler was exposed to a high degree of uncertainty. The scheduling in practice was performed by a group of people, relating to different parts of the entire business processes in the company. The scheduling tools, developed by the individual schedulers, were efftcient and flexible complements to the MPCsystem. Finally, ergonomic work analysis proved to be a useful method for analyzing scheduling work, although there may be difficulties in distinguishing between the prescribed work and work as it is actually carried out.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Human, technological and organizational aspects influencing the production scheduling process
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Production Research.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The complexity of planning and scheduling, that its activities are comprised of and influenced by technical and social aspects, has been highlighted in earlier studies. The objective of this paper is to assess how the outcome of the production scheduling processes in four companies is influenced by human, technological, and organizational aspects. A conclusion is that the outcome of the scheduling process is influenced by the scheduler adding human capabilities that cannot be automated, problem-solving when the technical system fails, and negotiating between groups of employees to handle incompatible goals. Technology influences by limitations in the scheduled production system as well as the scheduling tools available. The organization, finally, influences the outcome through degree of proximity between employees, meeting structures, the schedulers’ position in hierarchy and their work role interconnecting activities of different organizational parts.
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| 30. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Human, technological and organizational aspects influencing the production scheduling process
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 110:1-2, s. 160-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study of scheduling work in practice addresses how the production-scheduling processes in four companies are influenced by human, technological, and organizational aspects. A conclusion is that the outcome of the scheduling process is influenced by the scheduler adding human capabilities that cannot be automated, by technical constraints in the scheduled production system and by the available scheduling software tools. Furthermore, the outcome is influenced not only by how the scheduling process is formally organized, but also by the scheduler's informal authority and the role taken to interconnect activities between different organizational groups. The findings from the study support a number of previous studies done on scheduling in practice whilst giving new insights into their interpretation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Scheduling Work Practice with Activity Analysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society. - 9173734446
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding practice of planning and scheduling is of interest as skill and performance of production schedulers have been identified as important for a company to achieve high productivity and flexibility. However, practice is not easily studied. The objective of this paper is to describe and assess the use of activity analysis as a method for studying the practice of production scheduling. Work activities of schedulers in four wood-working companies were investigated with activity analysis, which is based on analyses of work activities carried out in real work situations. Data collection included interviews with the schedulers and other employees concerning the scheduling task and the work context. Thereafter, each scheduler’s work was observed during five entire days. In the analyses, the observed work activities were described and categorized including time and spatial distribution, own initiatives to activities, interruptions, and relationships with others. Activity analysis was found to be a useful method for analyzing scheduling work. It provided rich data of the work content, sub-tasks, aids used etc, which could be used as an instrument to grasp cognitive aspects of work. Furthermore, activity analysis was easily applicable.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Schedulers reality expectations and dependencies
- 2001
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Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Production Research, July 29-August 3, Prague, Czech Republic.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Schedulers’ work content – a quantified analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEA2006 Congress.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to present a quantified analysis of the actual work activities of four schedulers within Swedish woodworking companies. Data collection was mainly based on observations of work activities. The findings show that about two thirds of the schedulers’ activities belong to what is generally considered to be the scheduling task. The remaining activities are dependent on the schedulers’ individual attributes as well as the context in which they work. Interruptions and disturbances are an important part of the schedulers’ work content, and may cause high workload and stress. A final conclusion is that the scheduling task can be regarded as a service task in an industrial context.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
The unsung contribution of production planners and schedulers at production and sales interfaces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 47-81
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter sets out to demonstrate the unsung contribution of production planners and schedulers in manufacturing businesses. In particular it focuses on their contribution at production and sales interfaces by highlighting their activities and influence across functional interfaces, and the knowledge and skills they apply to make and implement planning and scheduling decisions. To achieve this it addresses the following questions in relation to these interfaces: What tasks and work activities does planning, scheduling and control consist of in relation to these interfaces? How do planners and schedulers perform their tasks? How can planners’ and schedulers’ activities related to production and sales interfaces be captured and modelled? How do planners and schedulers influence others in the organization? What knowledge do they contribute and how is it incorporated into decisions?
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| 38. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
The Unsung Contribution of Production Planners and Schedulers at Production and Sales Interfaces
- 2010
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Ingår i: Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642133817 ; , s. 47-81
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human and organizational factors have a substantial impact on the performance of planning and scheduling processes. Despite widespread and advanced decision support systems, human decision makers are still crucial to improve the operational performance in manufacturing industries. In this text, the state of the art in this area is discussed by experts from a wide variety of engineering and social science disciplines. Moreover, recent results from collaborative studies and a number of field cases are presented. The text is targeted at researchers and graduate students, but is also particularly useful for managers, consultants, and system developers to better understand how human performance can be advanced.Show more Show less
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| 39. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1981-
(författare)
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Creating clarity and managing complexity through co-operation and communication : The case of Swedish icebreaker operations
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sea transportation is vital for the global economy, and the amount of seaborne trade is expected to increase in the future. In some areas, icebreakers are necessary for maintaining open shipping lanes all-year round and ensuring safe navigation. Vessels operating in ice are exposed to harsh environmental factors such as severe weather and heavy ice, and when external forces become too strong vessels will depend on icebreaker assistance. However, successful icebreaker operations require the icebreaker to operate in close vicinity to the assisted vessel to break the ice, which in turn increases the risk of collision.There are many factors which make icebreaker operations complex. The aim of this thesis is to use work organization, operational safety, and interpersonal communication as three lenses to describe and analyse the complexity of icebreaker operations, and its implications for practice. To thoroughly investigate this complexity, data are drawn from numerous sources; semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire, and a substantial amount of recorded authentic communication all provide complementary insights.The results show that the icebreaker performs a multitude of tasks directly concerned with icebreaking, e.g. directing and physically assisting other vessels, but that these tasks indirectly rely on interpersonal interaction and communication. A number of conflicting constraints add to the complexity. For example, harsh winter conditions impede vessels’ independent navigation in ice, while offering icebreaker crews opportunities to practice and maintain important skills. Furthermore, it was shown that language skills and communication play an important role in upholding the operational safety. However, closed-loop communication is not always used as intended, a deviation from intended communication protocol with potential to increase the risk of misunderstandings.This thesis suggests that safety and efficiency of winter navigation can be enhanced by making better use of existing technology and data; by examining the past track of other vessels, e.g. via AIS, finding suitable ice tracks will be made easier. Another implication concerning communication is that training institutes should emphasize the logic behind standardized communication protocols rather than focusing on standard phrases, i.e. facilitating means for advanced English speakers to adapt their communication style. That way, novice and advanced speakers could find common ground.
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| 40. |
- Bruch, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
-
Assembly work settings enabling proactivity - Information requirements
- 2008
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Ingår i: MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE NEW FRONTIER. - London : SPRINGER. ; , s. 203-+, s. 556-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information is a critical factor to support a proactive behaviour of operators in complex work settings characterized by flexible levels of automation and need for knowledge-based decision making. In this conceptual paper the authors define proactive behaviour as the ability of operators to control a situation by taking action in advance. Information requirements that enable proactivity and different control behaviour are identified. Moreover, several demands on the information support system are outlined. Further, the paper presents some implications for management as a result of the new work role of the operator regarding decision making, planning, and control.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bruch, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
-
Considering design demands of a proactive assembly system : A position paper
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Swedish Production Symposium.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper reviews the idea of proactivity in an assembly system with respect to information and decision making. It begins with an explanation about the term proactivity and moves on to a discussion of necessary changes of the assembly system to become proactive. Further, this paper will consider the role of information in a proactive assembly system and its impact on the proactive behavior of an operator. The method applied in this paper is a literature study.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bruch, Jessica, 1981-
(författare)
-
Information Requirements in a Proactive Assembly Work Setting
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to the increasingly competitive climate, the on-the-job behaviour of an operator becomes more and more essential for the success of a manufacturing company. In working contexts, which are dominated by changes and uncertainty, knowledge-based behaviour and work role aspects that cannot be formalized, proactive behaviour of the operator can contribute to competitive advantages. Without waiting to be asked or instructed, the proactive operator uses his/her own initiative to change the present situation in the light of anticipated future demands and needs. In order to obtain and support proactive behaviour among operators on the shop floor, access to correct and essential information at the right time and in the right way is one important requirement. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to analyse information requirements in order to provide a basis for information interface design that supports a proactive behaviour of assembly operators. A system approach was adopted and the foundation for this thesis is an extensive literature review. Further, an empirical case study was performed at a Swedish manufacturing company. The case study was analysed using work domain analysis and the purpose of this case study was to investigate the information used in an assembly work setting to accomplish various activities related to proactive behaviour. The result of this thesis is a synthesis of the information requirements found in the literature study and the empirical findings. The thesis argues that the ability of the assembly operator to anticipate and plan for changes is highly dependent on what information to provide and when to present this information to the assembly operator. Both operational information and information related to the development of the assembly work setting are required to enable proactive behaviour of the assembly operator. When analysing the empirical findings in relation to the information requirements stated in literature, it was found that proactive behaviour of operators is, above all, related to access to why and what information. How-related information, however, can also be relevant for the proactive assembly operator if it relates to knowledge-based behaviour. Additionally, the expertise of the assembly operator refers to the control behaviour performed by the operator and determines the amount of information needed by the assembly operator. Finally, for information to be experienced as useful by the operator, it has to fulfil various criteria determining information quality. The thesis concludes that by analysing the type and amount of information to be presented to the assembly operator, and how to orchestrate information in a systematic way, it is possible to change the assembly operator from a passive monitor to an active problem solver.
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| 45. |
- Bruch, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
-
Information Requirements in a Proactive Assembly Work Setting
- 2009
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Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable and Virtual Production (CARV 2009), Munich, Germany, October 5th - 7th, 2009. - München : Herbert Utz Verlag GMbH. - 9783831609338
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proactive behaviour of an assembly operator can be essential in a complex and uncertain work context, where it is not longer possible to anticipate and predefine all possible work situations an operator has to handle. Access to correct and essential information is a critical means to support proactive behaviour. This paper clarifies information requirements of a proactive assembly work setting by analysing the information needed of an assembly operator to anticipate and prepare the work system for external and internal changes. The results show that proactive behaviour is above all related to the access to information answering why and what-questions. Additionally, the expertise of the assembly operator refers to the control behaviour performed by the operator and determines the amount of information needed by the assembly operator. Finally, for information to be experienced as useful by the operator, it has to fulfil various criteria determining information quality.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Eklund, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Hälsa, produktivitet och kvalitet vid arbete med kniv – en interventionsstudie, dnr 120158 : Slutrapport till AFA Försäkring
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet startades enligt plan med insamling och sammanställning av internationella studier och annat underlag. Ett utbildningsmaterial och en metodik för denna har tagits fram i projektet, i samarbete med tre samarbetsföretag inom styckningsbranschen. Tester av utbildningen har genomförts med mycket goda resultat och mycket stort intresse från de deltagande företagen och deras styckare, dvs KLS-Ugglarps, Dalsjöfors Kött i Göteborg samt Scan i Linköping. Vid Scan blev intresset så stort att de under våren 2013 önskade utöka sitt deltagande i tid och med fler styckare än planerat, något som projektet givit dem möjlighet till. Utbildningsmaterial som inkluderar filmer, presentationsmaterial och interventionsmetodiksamt affischer har tagits fram. Resultaten visar att metodiken fungerar och att styckarna genom den återkoppling de får från knivskärpemätutrustningen kan erhålla och bibehålla högre skärpa hos sin kniv. Ett av huvudresultaten från projektet är att polering (trissning) kan återställa knivskärpan och till och med förbättra denistället för slipning samt stålning. Detta innebär att skärkrafterna för styckarna med polering kan minska i storleksordningen 20 %, något som medför minskad belastningsskaderisk, och dessutom minskat knivslitage och knivförbrukning. Detta finns inte beskrivet i forskning eller i praktiska råd för styckare, vare sig i Sverige eller internationellt. Polering ger möjlighet för styckarna att själva i närheten av sin arbetsplats underhålla sin knivskärpa bättre. Vidare uppger företagen att deras kostnader för knivar har minskat påtagligt. Projektet har också identifierat ett antal olika förutsättningar som gör utbildningen mer effektiv. Ett utbildningsmaterial har tagits fram och sprids nu kostnadsfritt via flera aktiviteter och via internet samt hemsidor. Erfarenheter från projektet kommer också att publiceras i en doktorsavhandling som planeras att presenteras under 2015.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Eklund, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive research and HTO as an industry development model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Factors in Organizational design and Management - Xi Nordiv Ergonomics Society Annual Conference, Copenhagen 2014. - : Nordic Ergonomics Society. ; , s. 337-342
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meat cutting has since long shown high frequencies of work-related disorders and injuries. The meat cutting industry initiated an interactive research project to assist the companies in creating a better work environment considering also the profitability. After an initial diagnosis, a broad strategy was formed and four mixed groups focusing personal development, technological developments, work organization and work environment started working. The results from these further initiated focused studies that were performed in close interaction with the industry. During the four year project a continuous reduction of usculoskeletal disorder problems in the industry and other substantial effects were observed.
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| 50. |
- Eklund, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Standardisation – A Means for Creating Developing Work
- 1998
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Ingår i: Ergonomics for Global Quality and Productivity. ; , s. 165-168
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a debate whether standardisation leads to monotonous work and hampers motivation and creativity, or if it supports participation in the development of work and enhances creativity. The purpose of this paper was to elaborate on how work conditions and learning are influenced due to standardisation. As a basis, case studies in 10 companies where ISO 9000 had been implemented were used. The ISO standard supported some improvements of work and learning, but to a varying extent. It seems as if the most important influents on the outcome are : What is standardised? (e.g. engineering tolerances or human movements), Who makes and decides about the contents or applications of the standard? (e.g. participative or expert oriented), and How are the standardisation and implementation processes performed? (e.g. enabling or coercive). The organisational context in which the standardisation takes place seems also of great importance.
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