| 1. |
- Aoude, Lauren G, et al.
(författare)
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Nonsense Mutations in the Shelterin Complex Genes ACD and TERF2IP in Familial Melanoma.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 107:2, s. 408-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shelterin complex protects chromosomal ends by regulating how the telomerase complex interacts with telomeres. Following the recent finding in familial melanoma of inactivating germline mutations in POT1, encoding a member of the shelterin complex, we searched for mutations in the other five components of the shelterin complex in melanoma families.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Crawford, E. David, et al.
(författare)
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FSH suppression and tumour control in patients with prostate cancer during androgen deprivation with a GnRH agonist or antagonist
- 2018
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 52:5-6, s. 349-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to lower levels than GnRH agonists. This may partially explain the differences between these agents on prostate cancer outcomes. In this post-hoc analysis, FSH and prostate specific antigen (PSA) responses and the impact of cross-over from leuprolide to degarelix were evaluated from a 1-year comparative study (CS21) and its extension study (CS21A). Materials and methods: Overall, 610 patients were enrolled in CS21, wherein PSA and FSH levels were evaluated monthly. CS21A evaluated 386 patients, including those previously treated with degarelix (n = 251) who continued to receive degarelix, and those previously treated with leuprolide (n = 135) who crossed-over to receive degarelix. PSA and FSH levels were evaluated in CS21A for 3 months after cross-over. The associations between measurements were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. The impact of class variables on FSH suppression were evaluated using Analysis of Variance. Results: Rapid PSA and FSH suppression was observed and maintained in the degarelix arm (CS21 and CS21A), while patients on leuprolide experienced rising PSA during CS21. Patients crossed-over from leuprolide to degarelix achieved a suppression of FSH and a significant PSA decrease. PSA and FSH levels were significantly (p < .05) correlated at months 1, 3, 6, 12 and 13 in the degarelix arm. Conclusions: Significant FSH suppression with GnRH antagonists may explain its advantage over GnRH agonists in terms of better prostate cancer control. The effect of profound FSH suppression is analogous to the need for profound testosterone suppression for tumor control.
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| 4. |
- Dasgupta, Indranil, et al.
(författare)
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Validating the use of bioimpedance spectroscopy for assessment of fluid status in children.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-198X .- 0931-041X. ; 33:9, s. 1601-1607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) with a whole-body model to distinguish excess fluid from major body tissue hydration can provide objective assessment of fluid status. BIS is integrated into the Body Composition Monitor (BCM) and is validated in adults, but not children. This study aimed to (1) assess agreement between BCM-measured total body water (TBW) and a gold standard technique in healthy children, (2) compare TBW_BCM with TBW from Urea Kinetic Modelling (UKM) in haemodialysis children and (3) investigate systematic deviation from zero in measured excess fluid in healthy children across paediatric age range.TBW_BCM and excess fluid was determined from standard wrist-to-ankle BCM measurement. TBW_D2O was determined from deuterium concentration decline in serial urine samples over 5days in healthy children. UKM was used to measure body water in children receiving haemodialysis. Agreement between methods was analysed using paired t test and Bland-Altman method comparison.In 61 healthy children (6-14years, 32 male), mean TBW_BCM and TBW_D2O were 21.1±5.6and 20.5±5.8L respectively. There was good agreement between TBW_BCM and TBW_D2O (R2=0.97). In six haemodialysis children (4-13years, 4 male), 45 concomitant measurements over 8months showed good TBW_BCM and TBW_UKM agreement (mean difference -0.4L, 2SD=±3.0L). In 634 healthy children (2-17years, 300 male), BCM-measured overhydration was -0.1±0.7L (10-90th percentile -0.8 to+0.6L). There was no correlation between age and OH (p=0.28).These results suggest BCM can be used in children as young as 2years to measure normally hydrated weight and assess fluid status.
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| 5. |
- Duncan, Duane, et al.
(författare)
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Making gender along the way : women, men and harm in Australian alcohol policy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical Policy Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1946-0171 .- 1946-018X. ; 16:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of alcohol policy suggests women are marked out for special attention while men and masculinities are often ignored. In this paper, we employ Carol Bacchi’s work on ‘gendering practices’ and John Law’s concept of ‘collateral realities’ to examine how gender is constituted in Australian alcohol policy. For Bacchi, policies actively produce what it is possible for ‘men’ and ‘women’ to become. For Law, realities are constituted through methodological instruments and representational practices. We analyze the making of three collateral realities in Australian alcohol policy: gender as an individual attribute; gender as a synonym for women; and gender as confined to the domestic sphere. These collateral realities contribute to the maintenance of binary notions of gender and reinforce a straightforwardly causal role for alcohol in harms, including violence. Attention to the political effects of these ‘realities’ should be prioritized in the development of more equitable responses to alcohol and harm.
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| 6. |
- Duncan, Duane, et al.
(författare)
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Obscuring Gendered Difference : The Treatment of Violence in Australian Government Alcohol Policy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Social Politics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1072-4745 .- 1468-2893. ; 29:3, s. 1057-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite public debate about alcohol and public violence among young people in Australia, the issue of masculinities or gender is rarely visible in alcohol policy. Instead, policy recommendations aimed at reducing violence focus on changing the availability and consumption of alcohol. Drawing on concepts from feminist and science and technology studies scholarship, this article analyses how “alcohol-related violence” is constituted as a specific policy object, and how it coheres to obscure men’s contributions to and experiences of violence. Attention to the political effects of these policy practices is necessary for the development of more equitable alcohol policies.
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| 7. |
- Duncan, Duane, et al.
(författare)
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The hammer and the nail : The triple lock of methods, realities and institutional contexts in Australian research on nightlife violence
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of drug policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is considerable public and policy debate in Australia about measures to reduce violence associated with alcohol and young people in the night-time economy. Though overrepresented in violence, the role of men and masculinities is rarely explicitly addressed in policy responses to such violence, which rest on a narrow range of mainly quantitative research and recommendations favouring blanket alcohol restrictions. Drawing on John Law and colleagues’ account of the ‘double social life of methods’ (2011), we analyse interviews conducted with Australian quantitative researchers about the role of gender in such violence. According to Law et al., methods inhabit and reproduce particular ecologies and reflect the concerns of those who advocate them. From this ‘triple lock’ of methods, realities, and institutional advocacies and contexts emerges particular modes of knowing. Participants described a research ecology in which the authority of quantitative research methods emerged in relation to an imperative to respond in a ‘timely’ and ‘pragmatic’ fashion to public policy debates, and prevailing governmental and policy priorities and public framings of violence. Though participants frequently acknowledged the role of men in violence, these arrangements sustain taken-for-granted assumptions about the properties and effects of alcohol while displacing men and masculinities from policy attention. The political consequences of these arrangements demand the development of innovative policy responses and new modes of knowing that make visible the gendering of violence.
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| 8. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The analytical, the political and the personal : Swedish stakeholder narratives about alcohol policy at football stadiums
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical Policy Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1946-0171 .- 1946-018X. ; 17:2, s. 258-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For public health interventions to be effective, they need to be supported or at least accepted by those affected, and social policy should therefore be understood as political and strategic. This raises questions about the relationship between the analytical, the political and the personal in policy processes. This article offers an in-depth analysis of such issues, as they were enacted during interviews with Swedish alcohol policy stakeholders. It focuses on the assumptions and a priori 'truths' articulated in interviews about Responsible Beverage Services (RBS) at Swedish football stadiums or 'Football Without Bingeing'. We argue that the participants combined different narrative forms, such as seemingly objective chronological accounts and personal ethical judgments, in talking about the policy initiative. Through such narrative intersections, three key 'truths' were produced that reinforced the link between alcohol and violence, necessitated blanket population-level measures to reduce alcohol use and made gendered behavior an irrelevant policy target.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Farrugia, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Noticed and then Forgotten : Gender in Alcohol Policy Stakeholder Responses to Alcohol and Violence
- 2022
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 32:10, s. 1419-1432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyse interview data on how alcohol policy stakeholders in Australia, Canada and Sweden understand the relationship between men, masculinities, alcohol and violence. Using influential feminist scholarship on public policy and liberal political theory to analyse interviews with 42 alcohol policy stakeholders, we argue that while these stakeholders view men’s violence as a key issue for intervention, masculinities are backgrounded in proposed responses and men positioned as unamenable to intervention. Instead, policy stakeholders prioritise generic interventions understood to protect all from the harms of men’s drinking and violence without marking men for special attention. Shared across the data is a prioritisation of interventions that focus on harms recognised as relating to men’s drinking but apply equally to all people and, as such, avoid naming men and masculinities as central to alcohol-related violence. We argue that this process works to background the role of masculinities in violence, leaving men unmarked and many possible targeted responses unthinkable.
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| 11. |
- Johnson, Owen A., et al.
(författare)
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A Simultaneous Dual-site Technosignature Search Using International LOFAR Stations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - 1538-3881 .- 0004-6256. ; 166:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence aims to find evidence of technosignatures, which can point toward the possible existence of technologically advanced extraterrestrial life. Radio signals similar to those engineered on Earth may be transmitted by other civilizations, motivating technosignature searches across the entire radio spectrum. In this endeavor, the low-frequency radio band has remained largely unexplored; with prior radio searches primarily above 1 GHz. In this survey at 110-190 MHz, observations of 1,631,198 targets from TESS and Gaia are reported. Observations took place simultaneously with two international stations (noninterferometric) of the Low Frequency Array in Ireland and Sweden. We can reject the presence of any Doppler drifting narrowband transmissions in the barycentric frame of reference, with equivalent isotropic radiated power of 1017 W, for 0.4 million (or 1.3 million) stellar systems at 110 (or 190) MHz. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of using multisite simultaneous observations for rejecting anthropogenic signals in the search for technosignatures.
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| 12. |
- Keane, C, et al.
(författare)
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Functional outcomes from a randomized trial of early closure of temporary ileostomy after rectal excision for cancer.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 106:5, s. 645-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has a significant impact on postoperative quality of life. Although early closure of an ileostomy is safe in selected patients, functional outcomes have not been investigated. The aim was to compare bowel function and the prevalence of LARS in patients who underwent early or late closure of an ileostomy after rectal resection for cancer.Early closure (8-13days) was compared with late closure (after 12weeks) of the ileostomy following rectal cancer surgery in a multicentre RCT. Exclusion criteria were: signs of anastomotic leakage, diabetes mellitus, steroid treatment and postoperative complications. Bowel function was evaluated using the LARS score and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Bowel Function Instrument (BFI).Following index surgery, 112 participants were randomized (55 early closure, 57 late closure). Bowel function was evaluated at a median of 49months after stoma closure. Eighty-two of 93 eligible participants responded (12 had died and 7 had a permanent stoma). Rates of bowel dysfunction were higher in the late closure group, but this did not reach statistical significance (major LARS in 29 of 40 participants in late group and 25 of 42 in early group, P=0·250; median BFI score 63 versus 71 respectively, P=0·207). Participants in the late closure group had worse scores on the urgency/soiling subscale of the BFI (14 versus 17; P=0·017). One participant in the early group and six in the late group had a permanent stoma (P=0·054).Patients undergoing early stoma closure had fewer problems with soiling and fewer had a permanent stoma, although reduced LARS was not demonstrated in this cohort. Dedicated prospective studies are required to evaluate definitively the association between temporary ileostomy, LARS and timing of closure.
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| 13. |
- Moore, David, et al.
(författare)
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Displacements of gender : Research on alcohol, violence and the night-time economy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Sociology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0004-8690 .- 1440-7833 .- 1741-2978. ; 23, s. 860-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Alcohol-related violence’, especially among young people participating in the night-time economy(NTE), has been the subject of intense public and policy debate in Australia. Previous sociologicalwork has highlighted the relationship between men, masculinities and violence, but this relationshiphas received little attention in the research that tends to garner policy attention. In this article,we focus on the treatment of gender in Australian quantitative research on alcohol and violencein the NTE. We identify four ‘gendering practices’ through which such research genders alcoholand violence: de-gendering alcohol and violence through obscuring gender differences; displacingmen and masculinities via a focus on environmental, geographical and temporal factors; renderinggender invisible via methodological considerations; and addressing gender in limited ways. We arguethat these research practices and the policy recommendations that flow from them reproducenormative understandings of alcohol effects and lend support to gendered forms of power.
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| 14. |
- Moore, David, et al.
(författare)
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Gendering practices in quantitative research on alcohol and violence : Comparing research from Australia, Canada and Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of drug policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyse the treatment of gender in Canadian and Swedish quantitative research on alcohol and violence and compare it with the treatment of gender in similar Australian research. In previously published work, we argued that Australian research on ‘alcohol-related presentations’ to emergency departments, and on alcohol and violence among young people participating in the night-time economy, tends to overlook the stark gendering of violence in its analyses and policy recommendations. It does this via a series of ‘gendering practices’ (Bacchi, 2017): omitting gender from consideration; overlooking clearly gendered data when making gender-neutral policy recommendations; rendering gender invisible via methodological considerations; displacing men and masculinities via a focus on environmental, geographical and temporal factors; and addressing gender in limited ways. We identify a similar set of gendering practices at work in Canadian and Swedish quantitative research on alcohol and violence, as well as a key difference. This key difference emerges in relation to the practice of addressing gender. Here, we see a bifurcation in the Canadian studies: between one group of articles in which gender is central to the analyses and ensuing policy recommendations, and a second group containing only one example in which gender is partially addressed. We draw attention to the differing realities of gender, alcohol and violence iterated by these contrasting knowledge practices, and offer two possible explanations for this difference. We close by asking how future research analyses and policy recommendations might differ if gender-sensitive quantitative tools were developed, gender considerations were systematically integrated, and gendered effects were taken into account when alcohol policy choices are made.
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| 15. |
- Pironi, Loris, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of adult patients with chronic intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome: An international multicenter survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 45, s. 433-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The case-mix of patients with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF) can differ among centres and may also be affected by the timeframe of data collection. Therefore, the ESPEN international multicenter cross-sectional survey was analyzed to compare the characteristics of SBS-IF cohorts collected within the same timeframe in different countries. Methods: The study included 1880 adult SBS-IF patients collected in 2015 by 65 centres from 22 countries. The demographic, nutritional, SBS type (end jejunostomy, SBS-J; jejuno-colic anastomosis, SBS-JC; jejunoileal anastomosis with an intact colon and ileocecal valve, SBS-JIC), underlying disease and intravenous supplementation (IVS) characteristics were analyzed. IVS was classified as fluid and electrolyte alone (FE) or parenteral nutrition admixture (PN). The mean daily IVS volume, calculated on a weekly basis, was categorized as <1, 1–2, 2–3 and >3 L/day. Results: In the entire group: 60.7% were females and SBS-J comprised 60% of cases, while mesenteric ischaemia (MI) and Crohn’ disease (CD) were the main underlying diseases. IVS dependency was longer than 3 years in around 50% of cases; IVS was infused ≥5 days/week in 75% and FE in 10% of cases. Within the SBS-IF cohort: CD was twice and thrice more frequent in SBS-J than SBS-JC and SBS-JIC, respectively, while MI was more frequent in SBS-JC and SBS-JIC. Within countries: SBS-J represented 75% or more of patients in UK and Denmark and 50-60% in the other countries, except Poland where SBS-JC prevailed. CD was the main underlying disease in UK, USA, Denmark and The Netherlands, while MI prevailed in France, Italy and Poland. Conclusions: SBS-IF type is primarily determined by the underlying disease, with significant variation between countries. These novel data will be useful for planning and managing both clinical activity and research studies on SBS.
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| 16. |
- Saunders, Gary, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging European infrastructures to access 1 million human genomes by 2022
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature reviews genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-0056 .- 1471-0064. ; 20:11, s. 693-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human genomics is undergoing a step change from being a predominantly research-driven activity to one driven through health care as many countries in Europe now have nascent precision medicine programmes. To maximize the value of the genomic data generated, these data will need to be shared between institutions and across countries. In recognition of this challenge, 21 European countries recently signed a declaration to transnationally share data on at least 1 million human genomes by 2022. In this Roadmap, we identify the challenges of data sharing across borders and demonstrate that European research infrastructures are well-positioned to support the rapid implementation of widespread genomic data access.
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| 17. |
- Stenberg, Jenny, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic fluid assessment in haemodialysis care: : Development and validation of adecision aid
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundOverhydration is a mortality risk factor in haemodialysis patients, and about a third of patients have poorly controlled fluid balance. Bioimpedance is a technique that can detect excess body water. However it is important to recognize that bioimpedance adds information to what is already a complex decision-making process, rather than providing a simple target applicable to all patients. Clinical guidelines incorporating the information from bioimpedance in determination of dry weight are lacking.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a decision aid, which standardizes the process of recording, scoring and responding to changes in routinely measured physiological parameters, and provides a basis for a unified and systematic approach to the assessment of volume status in haemodialysis care.MethodsWe are developing a scoring system, which we have named Subjective Volume Status Score (SVSS). Experts in theuse of bioimpedance have been included to address face-validity. In order to test the reliability of SVSS, nurses from a number of British and Swedish haemodialysis units will be recruited to use SVSS in individual assessments of four typical patient cases. Their assessments will be analyzed with inter-rater agreement analysis.ResultsSVSS consists of:A scoring system, built upon six physiological parameters, for detection and assessment of clinical symptoms of impaired hydration statusThresholds and triggers, a simple track-and-trigger system guiding the caregiver in deciding when and how to respondA decision aid, which helps to incorporate the information from bioimpedance when setting the dry weight, and aims to facilitate communication in the team, by providing a common language.Conclusion/Application to practiceOur guiding principle is that if SVSS is going to work in diverse haemodialysis care settings, then it must be simple to implement and must use physiological parameters that are already being routinely measured in the haemodialysis care.
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| 18. |
- Stratoulias, Vassilis, et al.
(författare)
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ARG1-expressing microglia show a distinct molecular signature and modulate postnatal development and function of the mouse brain
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 26:6, s. 1008-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular diversity of microglia, the resident immune cells in the CNS, is reported. Whether microglial subsets characterized by the expression of specific proteins constitute subtypes with distinct functions has not been fully elucidated. Here we describe a microglial subtype expressing the enzyme arginase-1 (ARG1; that is, ARG1+ microglia) that is found predominantly in the basal forebrain and ventral striatum during early postnatal mouse development. ARG1+ microglia are enriched in phagocytic inclusions and exhibit a distinct molecular signature, including upregulation of genes such as Apoe, Clec7a, Igf1, Lgals3 and Mgl2, compared to ARG1- microglia. Microglial-specific knockdown of Arg1 results in deficient cholinergic innervation and impaired dendritic spine maturation in the hippocampus where cholinergic neurons project, which in turn results in impaired long-term potentiation and cognitive behavioral deficiencies in female mice. Our results expand on microglia diversity and provide insights into microglia subtype-specific functions.
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| 19. |
- Vontell, Regina T., et al.
(författare)
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Association of region-specific hippocampal reduction of neurogranin with inflammasome proteins in post mortem brains of Alzheimer's disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS. - 2352-8737. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Neurogranin (Ng) is considered a biomarker for synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, the inflammasome complex has been shown to exacerbate AD pathology.METHODS: We investigated the protein expression, morphological differences of Ng, and correlated Ng to hyperphosphorylated tau in the post mortem brains of 17 AD cases and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition, we correlated the Ng expression with two different epitopes of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC).RESULTS: We show a reduction of Ng immunopositive neurons and morphological differences in AD compared to controls. Ng immunostaining was negatively correlated with neurofibrillary tangles, humanized anti-ASC (IC100) positive neurons and anti-ASC positive microglia, in AD.DISCUSSION: The finding of a negative correlation between Ng and ASC speck protein expression in post mortem brains of AD suggests that the activation of inflammasome/ASC speck pathway may play an important role in synaptic degeneration in AD.
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