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- Hannukainen, J, et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo Measurements of Glucose Uptake in Human Achilles Tendon During Different Exercise Intensities
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 26, s. 727-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscular contraction and loading of adjacent tendons has been demonstrated to cause increased blood flow and metabolic activity in the peritendinous region. However, it is poorly known to what extent the human tendon itself takes up glucose during exercise. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure tendon glucose uptake with increasing exercise intensity and to compare it to muscle glucose uptake at the same intensities. Eight young men were examined on three separate days during which they performed 35 min of cycling at 30, 55 and 75 % of VO2max, respectively. Glucose uptake was measured directly by positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[ (18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). [18F]FDG was injected after 10 min of exercise that was continued for a further 25 min after the injection. PET scanning of the thigh and Achilles region was performed after the exercise. Glucose uptake of the Achilles tendon (AT) remained unchanged (7.1 +/- 1.5, 6.6 +/- 1.1, and 6.0 +/- 1.1 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)) with the increasing workload, although the glucose uptake in m. quadriceps femoris simultaneously clearly increased (48 +/- 35, 120 +/- 35, and 152 +/- 74 micromol.kg(-1).min(-1), p < 0.05). In conclusion, the AT takes up glucose during exercise but in significantly smaller amounts than the skeletal muscle does. Furthermore, glucose uptake in the AT is not increased with the increasing exercise intensity. This may be partly explained by the cycle ergometry exercise used in the present study, which probably causes only a little increase in strain to the AT with increasing exercise intensity.
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- Leskinen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) : interexaminer reliability of the Finnish version of Axis I clinical diagnoses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 44:7, s. 493-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, updated diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) were published to assess TMD in a standardised way in clinical and research settings. The DC/TMD protocol has been translated into Finnish using specific cultural equivalency procedures. To assess the interexaminer reliability using the Finnish translations of the DC/TMD-FIN Axis I clinical diagnostic assessment instruments. Reliability assessment data were collected during a 1-day DC/TMD Examiner Training Course at the University of Turku, Finland, in collaboration with the International DC/TMD Training and Calibration Center in Malmo University. Clinical TMD examinations according to the Finnish pre-final version of the DC/TMD Axis I assessment protocol were performed by four experienced TMD specialists on altogether 16 models. Kappa coefficient, overall percentage agreement (%A) as well as positive (PA) and negative (NA) agreements were used to define the reliability. Myofascial pain with referral, headache attributed to TMD and disc displacement (DD) without reduction without limited opening showed excellent kappa values (range 087-100). Fair-to-good reliability was observed for diagnoses of myalgia (k = 067), arthralgia (k = 071) and DD with reduction (k = 064). The PA was high for all pain-related diagnoses and DD without reduction without limited opening (medians 83%), and acceptable for DD with reduction (median 67%). The NA was high (medians 87%) for all DC/TMD diagnoses, except for myalgia which showed acceptable NA (median 75%). The %A was high for all assessed diagnoses (medians >85%). The findings of this study showed DC/TMD-FIN Axis I to demonstrate sufficiently high reliability for pain-related TMD diagnoses.
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| 9. |
- Silva, C. N. S., et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the genetic architecture of morphological traits in two passerine bird species
- 2017
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Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 119:3, s. 197-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about the underlying genetic architecture of phenotypic traits is needed to understand and predict evolutionary dynamics. The number of causal loci, magnitude of the effects and location in the genome are, however, still largely unknown. Here, we use genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from two large-scale data sets on house sparrows and collared flycatchers to examine the genetic architecture of different morphological traits (tarsus length, wing length, body mass, bill depth, bill length, total and visible badge size and white wing patches). Genomic heritabilities were estimated using relatedness calculated from SNPs. The proportion of variance captured by the SNPs (SNP-based heritability) was lower in house sparrows compared with collared flycatchers, as expected given marker density (6348 SNPs in house sparrows versus 38 689 SNPs in collared flycatchers). Indeed, after downsampling to similar SNP density and sample size, this estimate was no longer markedly different between species. Chromosome-partitioning analyses demonstrated that the proportion of variance explained by each chromosome was significantly positively related to the chromosome size for some traits and, generally, that larger chromosomes tended to explain proportionally more variation than smaller chromosomes. Finally, we found two genome-wide significant associations with very small-effect sizes. One SNP on chromosome 20 was associated with bill length in house sparrows and explained 1.2% of phenotypic variation (V-P), and one SNP on chromosome 4 was associated with tarsus length in collared flycatchers (3% of V-P). Although we cannot exclude the possibility of undetected large-effect loci, our results indicate a polygenic basis for morphological traits.
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- Kudomi, Nobuyuki, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial Blood Flow and Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Measurement in the Right and Left Ventricles at Rest and During Exercise Using 15O-Labeled Compounds and PET
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Simultaneous measurement of right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) myocardial blood flow (MBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and oxygen consumption (MVO2) non-invasively in humans would provide new possibilities to understand cardiac physiology and different patho-physiological states. Methods: We developed and tested an optimized novel method to measure MBF, OEF, and MVO2 simultaneously both in the RV and LV free wall (FW) using positron emission tomography in healthy young men at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Results: Resting MBF was not significantly different between the three myocardial regions. Exercise increased MBF in the LVFW and septum, but MBF was lower in the RV compared to septum and LVFW during exercise. Resting OEF was similar between the three different myocardial regions (similar to 70%) and increased in response to exercise similarly in all regions. MVO2 increased approximately two to three times from rest to exercise in all myocardial regions, but was significantly lower in the RV during exercise as compared to septum LVFW. Conclusion: MBF, OEF, and MVO2 can be assessed simultaneously in the RV and LV myocardia at rest and during exercise. Although there are no major differences in the MBF and OEF between LV and RV myocardial regions in the resting myocardium, MVO2 per gram of myocardium appears to be lower the RV in the exercising healthy human heart due to lower mean blood flow. The presented method may provide valuable insights for the assessment of MBF, OEF and MVO2 in hearts in different pathophysiological states.
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- Mawhinney, C., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in quadriceps femoris muscle perfusion following different degrees of cold-water immersion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - Rockville : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 128:5, s. 1392-1401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the influence of graded cold-water immersion (CWI) on global and regional quadriceps muscle perfusion with positron emission tomography (PET) and [15O]H2O. In 30 healthy men [33 ± 8 yr; 81 ± 10 kg; 184 ± 5 cm; percentage body fat: 13 ± 5%; peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak): 47 ± 8 mL·kg-1·min-1] quadriceps perfusion, thigh and calf cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), intestinal, muscle, and local skin temperatures, thermal comfort, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were assessed before and after 10 min of CWI at 8°C, 15°C, or 22°C. Global quadriceps perfusion did not change beyond a clinically relevant threshold (0.75 mL·100 g·min-1) in any condition and was similar between conditions {range of differences [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.1 mL·100 g·min-1 (-0.9 to 1.2 mL·100 g·min-1) to 0.9 mL·100 g·min-1 (-0.2 to 1.9 mL·100 g·min-1)}. Muscle perfusion was greater in vastus intermedius (VI) compared with vastus lateralis (VL) (2.2 mL·100 g·min-1; 95% CI 1.5 to 3.0 mL·100 g·min-1) and rectus femoris (RF) (2.2 mL·100 g·min-1; 1.4 to 2.9 mL·100 g·min-1). A clinically relevant increase in VI muscle perfusion after immersion at 8°C and a decrease in RF muscle perfusion at 15°C were observed. A clinically relevant increase in perfusion was observed in VI in 8°C compared with 22°C water (2.3 mL·100 g·min-1; 1.1 to 3.5 mL·100 g·min-1). There were no clinically relevant between-condition differences in thigh CVC. Our findings suggest that CWI (8-22°C) does not reduce global quadriceps muscle perfusion to a clinically relevant extent; however, colder water increases (8°C) deep muscle perfusion and reduces (15°C) superficial muscle (RF) perfusion in the quadriceps muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using positron emission tomography, we report for the first time muscle perfusion heterogeneity in the quadriceps femoris in response to different degrees of cold-water immersion (CWI). Noxious CWI temperatures (8°C) increase perfusion in the deep quadriceps muscle, whereas superficial quadriceps muscle perfusion is reduced in cooler (15°C) water. Therefore, these data have important implications for the selection of CWI approaches used in the treatment of soft tissue injury, while also increasing our understanding of the potential mechanisms underpinning CWI. Copyright © 2020 the American Physiological Society.
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- Moores, John E., et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric movies acquired at the Mars Science Laboratory landing site : Cloud Morphology, Frequency and Significance to the Gale Crater Water Cycle and Phoenix Mission Results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 55:9, s. 2217-2238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first 360 sols (LS 150° to 5°), representing just over half a Martian year, of atmospheric monitoring movies acquired using the NavCam imager from the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover Curiosity. Such movies reveal faint clouds that are difficult to discern in single images. The data set acquired was divided into two different classifications depending upon the orientation and intent of the observation. Up to sol 360, 73 Zenith Movies and 79 Supra-Horizon Movies have been acquired and time-variable features could be discerned in 25 of each. The data set from MSL is compared to similar observations made by the Surface Stereo Imager (SSI) onboard the Phoenix Lander and suggests a much drier environment at Gale Crater (4.6°S) during this season than was observed in Green Valley (68.2°N) as would be expected based on latitude and the global water cycle. The optical depth of the variable component of clouds seen in images with features are up to 0.047 ± 0.009 with a granularity to the features observed which averages 3.8 degrees. MCS also observes clouds during the same period of comparable optical depth at 30 and 50 km that would suggest a cloud spacing of 2.0 to 3.3 km. Multiple motions visible in atmospheric movies support the presence of two distinct layers of clouds. At Gale Crater, these clouds are likely caused by atmospheric waves given the regular spacing of features observed in many Zenith movies and decreased spacing towards the horizon in sunset movies consistent with clouds forming at a constant elevation. Reanalysis of Phoenix data in the light of the NavCam equatorial dataset suggests that clouds may have been more frequent in the earlier portion of the Phoenix mission than was previously thought.
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- Raitio, A, et al.
(författare)
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Gastroschisis in Finland 1993 to 2014-Increasing Prevalence, High Rates of Abortion, and Survival: A Population-Based Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-359X. ; 30:066, s. 536-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The study aims to assess the changes in prevalence and mortality of gastroschisis, and to identify associated anomalies.Materials and Methods It is a population-based nationwide study. All gastroschisis cases were identified in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations and the Care Register for Health Care from 1993 to 2014 including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy due to fetal anomalies. Associated anomalies were recorded, and analyzed, and prevalence and infant mortality were calculated.Results There were 320 cases of gastroschisis; 235 (73%) live births, 16 (5%) stillbirths, and 69 (22%) terminations of pregnancy. Live birth prevalence of gastroschisis in Finland was lower than generally reported (1.73 in 10,000). However, due to relatively high rates of abortion, our total prevalence of 2.57/10,000 was similar with other reports. The most common risk factor was young maternal age. Babies with gastroschisis were born prematurely, on average on the 36th week and most are delivered by caesarean section. There was a significant increasing trend in live birth prevalence (p = 0.0018). Overall infant mortality was 7.7% (18/235), 7.2% (16/222) in simple gastroschisis and 15% (2/13) in complex gastroschisis. Associated anomalies were rare both in aborted fetuses and neonates, and there was only one case with a chromosomal abnormality.Conclusion Gastroschisis is usually an isolated anomaly with increasing birth prevalence and excellent survival rates. Regardless of the good prognosis, the abortion rates in Finland are higher than previously reported, and we hypothesize this to be due to lack of appropriate antenatal counselling.
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- Raitio, A, et al.
(författare)
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Omphalocele in Finland from 1993 to 2014: Trends, Prevalence, Mortality, and Associated Malformations-A Population-Based Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-359X. ; 31:022, s. 172-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inroduction The aim of this study is to assess the changes in prevalence, mortality and termination pregnancy of omphalocele, and to identify associated anomalies.Materials and Methods A population-based nationwide register study. All cases with omphalocele were identified in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations and the Care Register for Health Care from 1993 to 2014 including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy due to fetal anomalies. Associated anomalies were recorded and analyzed, and perinatal and infant mortality and prevalence were calculated.Results There were 600 cases with omphalocele including 229 live births, 39 stillbirths, and 332 (55%) abortions. Birth prevalence in Finland was 1.96 per 10,000 births with no consistent trend over time. However, total prevalence was much higher (4.71/10,000) because more than half of these families chose option for the termination of pregnancy. Omphalocele is often complicated with other anomalies; most commonly chromosomal abnormalities (9.3%), heart defects (6.3%), central nervous system anomalies (3.0%), gastrointestinal, and urogenital malformations (both 2.0%). Proportion of chromosomal and central nervous system abnormalities were even higher in terminated pregnancies. Overall infant mortality was 22%. Total 1-year survival rates for isolated omphalocele, cases with multiple anomalies and neonates with chromosomal defects were 80, 88, and 17%, respectively.Conclusion Omphalocele is a rare congenital anomaly, often associated with other malformations. Our data suggest that isolated cases may be more common than previously thought. In the absence of chromosomal defects, survival is reasonably good. Regardless, more than half of these pregnancies are often terminated.
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- Ramesh Babu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic inactivation of p62 leads to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 106:1, s. 107-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The signaling adapter p62 plays a coordinating role in mediating phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent trafficking of interacting proteins. However, there is little known about the physiologic role of this protein in brain. Here, we report age-dependent constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in adult p62(-/-) mice resulting in hyperphosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. Biochemical fractionation of p62(-/-) brain led to recovery of aggregated K63-ubiquitinated tau. Loss of p62 was manifested by increased anxiety, depression, loss of working memory, and reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Our findings reveal a novel role for p62 as a chaperone that regulates tau solubility thereby preventing tau aggregation. This study provides a clear demonstration of an Alzheimer-like phenotype in a mouse model in the absence of expression of human genes carrying mutations in amyloid-beta protein precursor, presenilin, or tau. Thus, these findings provide new insight into manifestation of sporadic Alzheimer disease and the impact of obesity.
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