| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fomalont, E. B., et al.
(author)
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THE 2014 ALMA LONG BASELINE CAMPAIGN: AN OVERVIEW
- 2015
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In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 808:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to similar to 15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from 2014 September to late November, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C 138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at similar to 350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy.
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| 4. |
- de Rojas, I., et al.
(author)
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Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
- 2021
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 6. |
- Alonso-Mori, R., et al.
(author)
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Towards characterization of photo-excited electron transfer and catalysis in natural and artificial systems using XFELs
- 2016
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In: Faraday discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-6640 .- 1364-5498. ; 194, s. 621-638
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ultra-bright femtosecond X-ray pulses provided by X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) open capabilities for studying the structure and dynamics of a wide variety of biological and inorganic systems beyond what is possible at synchrotron sources. Although the structure and chemistry at the catalytic sites have been studied intensively in both biological and inorganic systems, a full understanding of the atomic-scale chemistry requires new approaches beyond the steady state X-ray crystallography and X-ray spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. Following the dynamic changes in the geometric and electronic structure at ambient conditions, while overcoming X-ray damage to the redox active catalytic center, is key for deriving reaction mechanisms. Such studies become possible by using the intense and ultra-short femtosecond X-ray pulses from an XFEL, where sample is probed before it is damaged. We have developed methodology for simultaneously collecting X-ray diffraction data and X-ray emission spectra, using an energy dispersive spectrometer, at ambient conditions, and used this approach to study the room temperature structure and intermediate states of the photosynthetic water oxidizing metallo-protein, photosystem II. Moreover, we have also used this setup to simultaneously collect the X-ray emission spectra from multiple metals to follow the ultrafast dynamics of light-induced charge transfer between multiple metal sites. A Mn-Ti containing system was studied at an XFEL to demonstrate the efficacy and potential of this method.
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| 7. |
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| 9. |
- Bethlehem, RAI, et al.
(author)
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Brain charts for the human lifespan
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 604:79057906, s. 525-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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| 14. |
- Polettini, M., et al.
(author)
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Decay studies in the A∼225 Po-Fr region from the DESPEC campaign at GSI in 2021
- 2022
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In: Il Nuovo Cimento. - : Società Italiana di Fisica. - 2037-4909. ; 45:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The HISPEC-DESPEC collaboration aims at investigating the structure of exotic nuclei formed in fragmentation reactions with decay spectroscopy measurements, as part of the FAIR Phase-0 campaign at GSI. This paper reports on first results of an experiment performed in spring 2021, with a focus on beta-decaystudies in the Po-Fr nuclei in the 220 < A <230 island of octupole deformation exploiting the DESPEC setup. Ion-beta correlations and fast-timing techniques are being employed, giving an insight into this difficult-to-reach region.
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| 15. |
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| 17. |
- Mahata, K., et al.
(author)
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Study of dipole excitations and the single particle structure of neutron rich Ni isotopes
- 2008
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In: AIP Conference Proceedings. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1012, s. 389-391 453
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An experiment was performed using the FRS-LAND setup at GSI to study the dipole strength distributions above neutron separation threshold for neutron-rich Ni isotopes. Measurements, using the same experimental setup, were also carried out to extract single particle occupancies via knockout reactions to investigate the structure and magicity of the neutron-rich Ni isotopes. The status of the data analysis and preliminary results are presented.
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| 18. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 19. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(author)
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Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum.
- 2022
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In: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 79:3, s. 228-243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design.To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in persons with normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia and to examine the potential implications of cutoff methods, biomarker modality (CSF or PET), age, sex, APOE genotype, educational level, geographical region, and dementia severity for these estimates.This cross-sectional, individual-participant pooled study included participants from 85 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohorts. Data collection was performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Participants had normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia. Normal cognition and subjective cognitive decline were defined by normal scores on cognitive tests, with the presence of cognitive complaints defining subjective cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment and clinical AD dementia were diagnosed according to published criteria.Alzheimer disease biomarkers detected on PET or in CSF.Amyloid measurements were dichotomized as normal or abnormal using cohort-provided cutoffs for CSF or PET or by visual reading for PET. Adjusted data-driven cutoffs for abnormal amyloid were calculated using gaussian mixture modeling. Prevalence of amyloid abnormality was estimated according to age, sex, cognitive status, biomarker modality, APOE carrier status, educational level, geographical location, and dementia severity using generalized estimating equations.Among the 19097 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.1 [9.8] years; 10148 women [53.1%]) included, 10139 (53.1%) underwent an amyloid PET scan and 8958 (46.9%) had an amyloid CSF measurement. Using cohort-provided cutoffs, amyloid abnormality prevalences were similar to 2015 estimates for individuals without dementia and were similar across PET- and CSF-based estimates (24%; 95% CI, 21%-28%) in participants with normal cognition, 27% (95% CI, 21%-33%) in participants with subjective cognitive decline, and 51% (95% CI, 46%-56%) in participants with mild cognitive impairment, whereas for clinical AD dementia the estimates were higher for PET than CSF (87% vs 79%; mean difference, 8%; 95% CI, 0%-16%; P=.04). Gaussian mixture modeling-based cutoffs for amyloid measures on PET scans were similar to cohort-provided cutoffs and were not adjusted. Adjusted CSF cutoffs resulted in a 10% higher amyloid abnormality prevalence than PET-based estimates in persons with normal cognition (mean difference, 9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.004), subjective cognitive decline (9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.005), and mild cognitive impairment (10%; 95% CI, 3%-17%; P=.004), whereas the estimates were comparable in persons with clinical AD dementia (mean difference, 4%; 95% CI, -2% to 9%; P=.18).This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. This finding suggests that preclinical and prodromal AD may be more prevalent than previously estimated, which has important implications for clinical trial recruitment strategies and health care planning policies.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Rockstuhl, C., et al.
(author)
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Large scale simulations in the realm of nanooptics
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819480002 ; 7604
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The realm of nanooptics is usually characterized by the interaction of light with structures having relevant feature sizes much smaller than the wavelength. To model such problems, a large variety of methods exists. However, most of them either require a periodic arrangement of a unit cell or can handle only single entities. But there exists a great variety of functional devices which may have either a spatial extent much larger than the wavelength and which comprise structural details with sizes in the order of a fraction of the wavelength or they may consist of an amorphous arrangement of strongly scattering entities. Such structures require large scale simulations where the fine details are retained. In this contribution we outline our latest research on such devices and detail the computational peculiarities we have to overcome. Presenting several examples, we show how simulations support the physical understanding of these devices. Examples are randomly textured surfaces used for solar cells, where guided modes excited in the light absorbing layers strongly affect the solar cell efficiency, amorphous metamaterials and stochastically arranged nanoantennas. The usage of computational experiments will be motivated by the unprecedented insight into the functionality of such components. © 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.
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| 26. |
- Wightman, D. P., et al.
(author)
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A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease
- 2021
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:9, s. 1276-1282
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent age-related polygenic disease that accounts for 50–70% of dementia cases. Currently, only a fraction of the genetic variants underlying Alzheimer’s disease have been identified. Here we show that increased sample sizes allowed identification of seven previously unidentified genetic loci contributing to Alzheimer’s disease. This study highlights microglia, immune cells and protein catabolism as relevant to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, while identifying and prioritizing previously unidentified genes of potential interest. We anticipate that these results can be included in larger meta-analyses of Alzheimer’s disease to identify further genetic variants that contribute to Alzheimer’s pathology.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Fu, Z. J., et al.
(author)
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Dyslipidemia in retinal metabolic disorders
- 2019
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In: Embo Molecular Medicine. - : EMBO. - 1757-4676 .- 1757-4684. ; 11:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The light-sensitive photoreceptors in the retina are extremely metabolically demanding and have the highest density of mitochondria of any cell in the body. Both physiological and pathological retinal vascular growth and regression are controlled by photoreceptor energy demands. It is critical to understand the energy demands of photoreceptors and fuel sources supplying them to understand neurovascular diseases. Retinas are very rich in lipids, which are continuously recycled as lipid-rich photoreceptor outer segments are shed and reformed and dietary intake of lipids modulates retinal lipid composition. Lipids (as well as glucose) are fuel substrates for photoreceptor mitochondria. Dyslipidemia contributes to the development and progression of retinal dysfunction in many eye diseases. Here, we review photoreceptor energy demands with a focus on lipid metabolism in retinal neurovascular disorders.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Iram, T., et al.
(author)
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Young CSF restores oligodendrogenesis and memory in aged mice via Fgf17
- 2022
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 605, s. 509-515
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent understanding of how the systemic environment shapes the brain throughout life has led to numerous intervention strategies to slow brain ageing(1-3). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) makes up the immediate environment of brain cells, providing them with nourishing compounds(4,5). We discovered that infusing young CSF directly into aged brains improves memory function. Unbiased transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus identified oligodendrocytes to be most responsive to this rejuvenated CSF environment. We further showed that young CSF boosts oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and differentiation in the aged hippocampus and in primary OPC cultures. Using SLAMseq to metabolically label nascent mRNA, we identified serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor that drives actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, as a mediator of OPC proliferation following exposure to young CSF. With age, SRF expression decreases in hippocampal OPCs, and the pathway is induced by acute injection with young CSF. We screened for potential SRF activators in CSF and found that fibroblast growth factor 17 (Fgf17) infusion is sufficient to induce OPC proliferation and long-term memory consolidation in aged mice while Fgf17 blockade impairs cognition in young mice. These findings demonstrate the rejuvenating power of young CSF and identify Fgf17 as a key target to restore oligodendrocyte function in the ageing brain.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Sansoni, P, et al.
(author)
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New advances in CMV and immunosenescence
- 2014
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In: Experimental gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6815 .- 0531-5565. ; 55, s. 54-62
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 36. |
- Santarius, T., et al.
(author)
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Digital sufficiency : conceptual considerations for ICTs on a finite planet
- 2022
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In: Annales des télécommunications. - : Springer Nature. - 0003-4347 .- 1958-9395.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ICT hold significant potential to increase resource and energy efficiencies and contribute to a circular economy. Yet unresolved is whether the aggregated net effect of ICT overall mitigates or aggravates environmental burdens. While the savings potentials have been explored, drivers that prevent these and possible counter measures have not been researched thoroughly. The concept digital sufficiency constitutes a basis to understand how ICT can become part of the essential environmental transformation. Digital sufficiency consists of four dimensions, each suggesting a set of strategies and policy proposals: (a) hardware sufficiency, which aims for fewer devices needing to be produced and their absolute energy demand being kept to the lowest level possible to perform the desired tasks; (b) software sufficiency, which covers ensuring that data traffic and hardware utilization during application are kept as low as possible; (c) user sufficiency, which strives for users applying digital devices frugally and using ICT in a way that promotes sustainable lifestyles; and (d) economic sufficiency, which aspires to digitalization supporting a transition to an economy characterized not by economic growth as the primary goal but by sufficient production and consumption within planetary boundaries. The policies for hardware and software sufficiency are relatively easily conceivable and executable. Policies for user and economic sufficiency are politically more difficult to implement and relate strongly to policies for environmental transformation in general. This article argues for comprehensive policies for digital sufficiency, which are indispensible if ICT are to play a beneficial role in overall environmental transformation.
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| 37. |
- Staubitz, J. I., et al.
(author)
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EUROCRINE® : Nebennierenoperationen 2015 bis 2019 – überraschende erste Ergebnisse
- 2021
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In: Der Chirurg. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-4722 .- 1433-0385. ; 92:5, s. 448-463
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Since 2015 operations performed in the field of endocrine surgery have been entered into the European registry EUROCRINE®. The aim of this analysis was a description of the current healthcare situation for adrenal surgery in a homogeneous healthcare environment corresponding to the German-speaking countries—or to the presence of the working group on surgical endocrinology (CAEK) of the German society for general and visceral surgery (DGAV)—and to assess the adherence to current international treatment guidelines. Methods: An analysis of the preoperative diagnostics, the applied operative techniques and the underlying histological entities was carried out for all operations on adrenal glands in Germany, Switzerland and Austria, which were registered in EUROCRINE® from 2015 to 2019. Results: In the total of 21 participating hospitals from the German-speaking EUROCRINE® countries, 658 operations on adrenal glands were performed. In 90% of cases unilateral adrenalectomy was performed, in 3% bilateral adrenalectomy and in 7% other resection procedures. In 41% the main histological diagnosis was an adrenocortical adenoma. In 15% malignant entities were detected on final histology, including 6% adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and 8% metastases to the adrenal glands. 23% of the operations were performed for pheochromocytoma. This entity was primarily resected using minimally invasive approaches (82%), whereas minimally invasive techniques were applied in 28% for ACC and in 66% for metastases to the adrenal glands. Conclusion: Surprisingly, following adrenocortical adenoma and pheochromocytoma, the third most common histological entity was metastasis of different extra-adrenal primary tumors to the adrenal gland. Of the operations for ACC 28% were scheduled for minimally invasive techniques, but conversion to open surgery was necessary in 20%. The analysis revealed discrepancies between treatment reality and international guideline recommendations that raise questions, which will be addressed by an updated version of the EUROCRINE® module for the documentation of adrenal surgery.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Young, Iris D., et al.
(author)
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Structure of photosystem II and substrate binding at room temperature
- 2016
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In: Nature. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 540:7633, s. 453-457
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Light-induced oxidation of water by photosystem II (PS II) in plants, algae and cyanobacteria has generated most of the dioxygen in the atmosphere. PS II, a membrane-bound multi-subunit pigment protein complex, couples the one-electron photochemistry at the reaction centre with the four-electron redox chemistry of water oxidation at the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Under illumination, the OEC cycles through five intermediate S-states (S0 to S4)1, in which S1 is the dark-stable state and S3 is the last semi-stable state before O–O bond formation and O2 evolution2,3. A detailed understanding of the O–O bond formation mechanism remains a challenge, and will require elucidation of both the structures of the OEC in the different S-states and the binding of the two substrate waters to the catalytic site4–6. Here we report the use of femtosecond pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to obtain damage-free, room temperature structures of dark-adapted (S1), two-flash illuminated (2F; S3-enriched), and ammonia-bound two-flash illuminated (2F-NH3; S3-enriched) PS II. Although the recent 1.95 Å resolution structure of PS II at cryogenic temperature using an XFEL7 provided a damage-free view of the S1 state, measurements at room temperature are required to study the structural landscape of proteins under functional conditions8,9, and also for in situ advancement of the S-states. To investigate the water-binding site(s), ammonia, a water analogue, has been used as a marker, as it binds to the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the S2 and S3 states10. Since the ammonia-bound OEC is active, the ammonia-binding Mn site is not a substrate water site10–13. This approach, together with a comparison of the native dark and 2F states, is used to discriminate between proposed O–O bond formation mechanisms.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Adiels, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(author)
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Test of CP violation with K0 and K‾0 at LEAR
- 1985
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In: Physics with antiprotons at LEAR in the ACOL era. - Gif sur Yvette : Editions Frontières. - 2863320351 ; , s. 467-482
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 43. |
- Arellano, Santiago, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change
- 2021
-
In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3516 .- 1866-3508. ; 13:3, s. 1167-1188
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics. Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted algorithms have produced time-averaged global emission budgets. These have confirmed that tropospheric plumes, produced from persistent degassing of weak sources, dominate the total emission of volcanic SO2. Although space-based observations have provided this global insight into some aspects of Earth's volcanism, it still has important limitations. The magnitude and short-term variability of lower-atmosphere emissions, historically less accessible from space, remain largely uncertain. Operational monitoring of volcanic plumes, at scales relevant for adequate surveillance, has been facilitated through the use of ground-based scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer (ScanDOAS) instruments since the beginning of this century, largely due to the coordinated effort of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC). In this study, we present a compilation of results of homogenized post-analysis of measurements of SO2 flux and plume parameters obtained during the period March 2005 to January 2017 of 32 volcanoes in NOVAC. This inventory opens a window into the short-term emission patterns of a diverse set of volcanoes in terms of magma composition, geographical location, magnitude of emission, and style of eruptive activity. We find that passive volcanic degassing is by no means a stationary process in time and that large sub-daily variability is observed in the flux of volcanic gases, which has implications for emission budgets produced using short-term, sporadic observations. The use of a standard evaluation method allows for intercomparison between different volcanoes and between ground- and space-based measurements of the same volcanoes. The emission of several weakly degassing volcanoes, undetected by satellites, is presented for the first time. We also compare our results with those reported in the literature, providing ranges of variability in emission not accessible in the past. The open-access data repository introduced in this article will enable further exploitation of this unique dataset, with a focus on volcanological research, risk assessment, satellite-sensor validation, and improved quantification of the prevalent tropospheric component of global volcanic emission. Datasets for each volcano are made available at https://novac.chalmers.se (last access: 1 October 2020) under the CC-BY 4 license or through the DOI (digital object identifier) links provided in Table 1.
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| 44. |
- Bagni, T., et al.
(author)
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Modeling Results of the Quench Behavior of a Nb-Ti Canted-Cosine-Theta Corrector Magnet for LHC
- 2024
-
In: IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity (Print). - : IEEE. - 1051-8223 .- 1558-2515. ; 34:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A newly designed superconducting magnet of the Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) type was developed as a result of a collaboration between Swedish universities (Uppsala and Linneaus) and Swedish industries. This magnet was designed to function as a replacement of the present LHC orbit corrector magnets, which are approaching their end of life due to the radiation load. As a result, the new CCT magnet was developed to be more radiation tolerant and to constitute a one-to-one replacement to the currently installed version, which is a 1 m long 70 mm double aperture dipole magnet. The final magnet, which is currently under construction, will be tested at FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University and generate a magnetic field of 3.3 T and an integrated field of 2.8 Tm at about 85 A. To examine the magnet quench behavior and to identify a suitable quench protection system, the 3D electro-magnetic and thermal behavior of the coil was modeled using the RAT-Raccoon software. Based on the simulation results, a Metrosil varistor was selected to protect the magnet during the test. In this article, we report the results of the numerical analysis. The magnet model is equipped with a spot heater to initialize the quench and the temperature and voltages are monitored during the avalanche effect. The simulated current decay and the hot-spot temperature are analyzed with a focus on the impact of quench-back on the magnet protection.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Budeus, B., et al.
(author)
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Human cord blood b cells differ from the adult counterpart by conserved ig repertoires and accelerated response dynamics
- 2021
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In: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 206:12, s. 2839-2851
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neonatal and infant immune responses are characterized by a limited capability to generate protective Ab titers and memory B cells as seen in adults. Multiple studies support an immature or even impaired character of umbilical cord blood (UCB) B cells themselves. In this study, we provide a comprehensive molecular and functional comparison of B cell subsets from UCB and adult peripheral blood. Most UCB B cells have a mature, naive B cell phenotype as seen in adults. The UCB Ig repertoire is highly variable but interindividually conserved, as BCR clonotypes are frequently shared between neonates. Furthermore, UCB B cells show a distinct transcriptional program that confers accelerated responsiveness to stimulation and facilitated IgA class switching. Stimulation drives extensive differentiation into Ab-secreting cells, presumably limiting memory B cell formation. Humanized mice suggest that the distinctness of UCB versus adult B cells is already reflected by the developmental program of hematopoietic precursors, arguing for a layered B-1/B-2 lineage system as in mice, albeit our findings suggest only partial comparability to murine B-1 cells. Our study shows that UCB B cells are not immature or impaired but differ from their adult mature counterpart in a conserved BCR repertoire, efficient IgA class switching, and accelerated, likely transient response dynamics. © 2021 by TheAmericanAssociation of Immunologists, Inc.
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| 48. |
- Chibnik, L. B., et al.
(author)
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Trends in the incidence of dementia: design and methods in the Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 32:10, s. 931-938
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several studies have reported a decline in incidence of dementia which may have large implications for the projected burden of disease, and provide important guidance to preventive efforts. However, reports are conflicting or inconclusive with regard to the impact of gender and education with underlying causes of a presumed declining trend remaining largely unidentified. The Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium aggregates data from nine international population-based cohorts to determine changes in the incidence of dementia since 1990. We will employ Poisson regression models to calculate incidence rates in each cohort and Cox proportional hazard regression to compare 5-year cumulative hazards across study-specific epochs. Finally, we will meta-analyse changes per decade across cohorts, and repeat all analysis stratified by sex, education and APOE genotype. In all cohorts combined, there are data on almost 69,000 people at risk of dementia with the range of follow-up years between 2 and 27. The average age at baseline is similar across cohorts ranging between 72 and 77. Uniting a wide range of disease-specific and methodological expertise in research teams, the first analyses within the Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium are underway to tackle outstanding challenges in the assessment of time-trends in dementia occurrence.
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| 49. |
- Dankiewicz, Josef, et al.
(author)
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Safety, Feasibility, and Outcomes of Induced Hypothermia Therapy Following In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-Evaluation of a Large Prospective Registry
- 2014
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In: Critical Care Medicine. - 0090-3493 .- 1530-0293. ; 42:12, s. 2537-2545
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Despite a lack of randomized trials, practice guidelines recommend that mild induced hypothermia be considered for comatose survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest. This study describes the safety, feasibility, and outcomes of mild induced hypothermia treatment following in-hospital cardiac arrest. Design: Prospective, observational, registry-based study. Setting: Forty-six critical care facilities in eight countries in Europe and the United States reporting in the Hypothermia Network Registry and the International Cardiac Arrest Registry. Patients: A total of 663 patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest and treated with mild induced hypothermia were included between January 2004 and February 2012. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A cerebral performance category of 1 or 2 was considered a good outcome. At hospital discharge 41% of patients had a good outcome. At median 6-month follow-up, 34% had a good outcome. Among in-hospital deaths, 52% were of cardiac causes and 44% of cerebral cause. A higher initial body temperature was associated with reduced odds of a good outcome (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.92). Adverse events were common; bleeding requiring transfusion (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-1.00) and sepsis (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30-0.91) were associated with reduced odds for a good outcome. Conclusions: In this registry study of an in-hospital cardiac arrest population treated with mild induced hypothermia, we found a 41% good outcome at hospital discharge and 34% at follow-up. Infectious complications occurred in 43% of cases, and 11% of patients required a transfusion for bleeding. The majority of deaths were of cardiac origin.
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| 50. |
- De, S., et al.
(author)
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Soluble aggregates present in cerebrospinal fluid change in size and mechanism of toxicity during Alzheimer's disease progression
- 2019
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In: Acta Neuropathologica Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soluble aggregates of amyloid-beta (A beta) have been associated with neuronal and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite significant recent progress, the mechanisms by which these aggregated species contribute to disease progression are not fully determined. As the analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides an accessible window into the molecular changes associated with the disease progression, we characterised soluble aggregates present in CSF samples from individuals with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls using a range of sensitive biophysical methods. We used super-resolution imaging and atomic force microscopy to characterise the size and structure of the aggregates present in CSF and correlate this with their ability to permeabilise lipid membranes and induce an inflammatory response. We found that these aggregates are extremely heterogeneous and exist in a range of sizes, varying both structurally and in their mechanisms of toxicity during the disease progression. A higher proportion of small aggregates of A beta that can cause membrane permeabilization are found in MCI CSF; in established AD, a higher proportion of the aggregates were larger and more prone to elicit a pro-inflammatory response in glial cells, while there was no detectable change in aggregate concentration. These results show that large aggregates, some longer than 100nm, are present in the CSF of AD patients and suggest that different neurotoxic mechanisms are prevalent at different stages of AD.
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