| 1. |
- Ahlman, Linnéa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Stress Detection Using Proximal Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence on the Canopy Level
- 2021
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Ingår i: AgriEngineering. - : MDPI AG. - 2624-7402. ; 3:3, s. 648-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlorophyll fluorescence is interesting for phenotyping applications as it is rich in biological information and can be measured remotely and non-destructively. There are several techniques for measuring and analysing this signal. However, the standard methods use rather extreme conditions, e.g., saturating light and dark adaption, which are difficult to accommodate in the field or in a greenhouse and, hence, limit their use for high-throughput phenotyping. In this article, we use a different approach, extracting plant health information from the dynamics of the chlorophyll fluorescence induced by a weak light excitation and no dark adaption, to classify plants as healthy or unhealthy. To evaluate the method, we scanned over a number of species (lettuce, lemon balm, tomato, basil, and strawberries) exposed to either abiotic stress (drought and salt) or biotic stress factors (root infection using Pythium ultimum and leaf infection using Powdery mildew Podosphaera aphanis ). Our conclusions are that, for abiotic stress, the proposed method was very successful, while, for powdery mildew, a method with spatial resolution would be desirable due to the nature of the infection, i.e., point-wise spread. Pythium infection on the roots is not visually detectable in the same way as powdery mildew; however, it affects the whole plant, making the method an interesting option for Pythium detection. However, further research is necessary to determine the limit of infection needed to detect the stress with the proposed method.
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| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Dining in Blue Light Impairs the Appetite of Some Leaf Epiphytes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The phyllosphere is subjected to fluctuating abiotic conditions. This study examined the phenotypic plasticity (PP) of four selected non-phototrophic phyllosphere bacteria [control strain: Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09; Pseudomonas agarici, Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israeliensis (Bti), and Streptomyces griseoviridis (SG)] regarding their respiration patterns and surfactant activity as affected by light spectrum and nutrient supply.Methods: The PP of the strains was examined under four light regimes [darkness (control); monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LED) at 460 nm (blue) and 660 nm (red); continuously polychromatic white LEDs], in the presence of 379 substrates and conditions.Results: Light treatment affected the studied bacterial strains regarding substrate utilization (Pseudomonas strains > SG > Bti). Blue LEDs provoked the most pronounced impact on the phenotypic reaction norms of the Pseudomonas strains and Bti. The two Gram-positive strains Bti and SG, respectively, revealed inconsistent biosurfactant formation in all cases. Biosurfactant formation by both Pseudomonas strains was supported by most substrates incubated in darkness, and blue LED exposure altered the surface activity profoundly. Blue and white LEDs enhanced biofilm formation in PA in highly utilized C-sources. Putative blue light receptor proteins were found in both Pseudomonas strains, showing 91% similarity with the sequence from NCBI accession number WP_064119393.Conclusion: Light quality–nutrient interactions affect biosurfactant activity and biofilm formation of some non-phototrophic phyllosphere bacteria and are, thus, crucial for dynamics of the phyllosphere microbiome.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Light and Microbial Lifestyle: The Impact of Light Quality on Plant-Microbe Interactions in Horticultural Production Systems-A Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Horticulturae. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-7524. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horticultural greenhouse production in circumpolar regions (>60 degrees N latitude), but also at lower latitudes, is dependent on artificial assimilation lighting to improve plant performance and the profitability of ornamental crops, and to secure production of greenhouse vegetables and berries all year round. In order to reduce energy consumption and energy costs, alternative technologies for lighting have been introduced, including light-emitting diodes (LED). This technology is also well-established within urban farming, especially plant factories. Different light technologies influence biotic and abiotic conditions in the plant environment. This review focuses on the impact of light quality on plant-microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. Bacterial and fungal pathogens, biocontrol agents, and the phyllobiome are considered. Relevant molecular mechanisms regulating light-quality-related processes in bacteria are described and knowledge gaps are discussed with reference to ecological theories.
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| 5. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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New challenges for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 1079-1084
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish consumers buy increasing amounts of organic food. Also, the Swedish Government aspires to increase food sovereignty and volume of organic food stuff in public meals from 36 (2017) to 60% in 2030. There is a substantial mismatch between demand and the production of organic vegetables. Today, 4.9% of the total greenhouse area in Sweden is used for organic production. The majority of organic production of greenhouse vegetables in Sweden is performed in containers and confined beds. The approval of the revised European regulation for organic farming in 2018 reinforces production in natural soil, leads to dramatic changes for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden. Confined beds need to be phased out. Cultivation methods that conserve or increase organic matter in the soil should be used. Thus, soil bound systems using crop rotations and soil fertility maintaining activities need to be implemented. This corroborates with increased burden of soil borne diseases and lower yields. Such systems, well established in southern Europe, cannot be translated to northern European conditions, due to constraints in climate and day length, as well as constraints due to greenhouse construction (permanent construction). This presentation displays the challenges and consequences to meet the changed legislation.
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| 6. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Rooftop aquaponics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Rooftop urban agriculture. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319577197 ; , s. 103-112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Greenhouse Systems - the Potential of Microorganisms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 155-167
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the high input of means of production and productivity, environmental issues have been highlighted in horticulture for some years. They concern the impact of horticultural production systems on the environment in a narrow (i.e., occupational, crop) and broader (CO2 emission, nutrient leakage, chemical pollution) sense. In all production systems, multiple plant-microbial interactions occur. The resident microflora may be plant growth-enhancing, -neutral or -deleterious. Also microorganisms hazardous to the consumer may occur. To create sustainable horticultural cropping systems, irrespectively of the type of production management (organic or conventional/integrated production), microorganisms can enhance productivity by improved nutrient availability and crop health if their demands are optimized. Stimulatory growth responses encompass direct (i.e., production of plant hormones) or indirect (i.e., formation of compounds antagonizing plant pathogens, induced resistance) effects. Early reports indicate at the stimulatory effect of microorganisms on crop development (emergence, time of blossom) and yield. Their effect could be optimized when added as multiple strain treatments. In this context, organic carbon availability is an important factor. Organic compounds in sustainable greenhouse systems initially received negative attention as they were suspected as the causal agent for phytotoxic plant response. However, various recent studies could show the potential of microorganisms to degrade organic compounds in the nutrient solution of sustainable greenhouse cropping systems and consortia of efficient degraders of specific phenolic compounds were found to provoke higher biomass production in the presence of the phenolic compound. Other investigations indicate that the quality and quantity of organic compounds available is crucial for microbial metabolite production and thus level of growth promotion or antagonism. By habitat management, the preconditions for metabolite formation and crop response by introduced microorganisms or the indigenous microflora may be optimized. However, key mechanisms have to be identified in order to provoke the consistent formation of the appropriate metabolite at relevant sites within the growing system. Microbial markers may be used in order to predict the health status in closed cropping systems and to time microbial management in the cropping system.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Caspersen, Siri, et al.
(författare)
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Blueberry-Soil interactions from an organic perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 208, s. 78-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand for organic blueberries has risen in response to consumers' interest in healthy eating and greater awareness of the environment. Although organic production systems share many challenges with conventional systems, they have specific limitations and questions. Synchronisation of plant nutrient demand with the release of mineral nutrients from organic nutrient sources presents a particular challenge for the organic grower. In this paper we address belowground challenges in blueberry production from an organic perspective, such as soil properties and amendments as well as the choice of mulching material and organic fertilisers. We also address potential toxicity problems for blueberries associated with high concentrations of aluminium and manganese as well as salt stress. Symbiosis with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi is of potential interest in organic blueberry production as the fungi may improve plant access to nutrients from organic sources. The effects of management factors and limitations associated with the commercial utilisation of the symbiosis are also discussed.
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| 14. |
- Caspersen, Siri, et al.
(författare)
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Organic production systems in Northern highbush blueberries
- 2013
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 9, s. 141-142
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The production of highbush blueberries is increasing worldwide. Organic production of blueberries in Sweden is presently very limited but is expected to have a great potential to expand as the berries are popular and have a good shelf life. The fact that blueberries require acid soils raises several questions concerning suitable substrates in combination with mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilization in organic production systems. Field and pot experiments have been established during 2011 and 2012 with the aim of developing a sustainable production system for high quality organic blueberries. After the second experimental year, total fruit yields were similar for plants grown in a plastic tunnel and in the open field. Yields were not affected by the addition of 10% forest soil to the peat-based substrate. Inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi had little effect on shoot length in a greenhouse pot experiment. Blueberries may be particularly suitable for organic production as the need for fertilizers is low combined with a relatively low disease pressure on the blueberry crop in the Nordic countries. The Swedish blueberry production might be expected to expand in the near future. The development of a successful and resource-efficient growing system for organic blueberries may encourage new blueberry growers to chose organic production.
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| 15. |
- Chakraborty, Amrita, et al.
(författare)
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Yeast and fruit fly mutual niche construction and antagonism against mould
- 2022
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Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 36:7, s. 1639-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A goal in insect–microbe ecology is to understand the mechanisms regulating species associations and mutualistic interactions. The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii develops in ripening fruit, unlike other drosophilids that typically feed on overripe fruit, and is associated with the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum. We hypothesized that D. suzukii and H. uvarum engage in niche construction leading to a mutualistic relation, facilitating the exploitation of fruit and berries as larval substrate. We show that H. uvarum proliferates on both ripe and on unripe raspberries, mediates attraction of D. suzukii larvae and adult flies, enhances egg-laying in mated females and is a sufficient food substrate to support larval development. Moreover, H. uvarum suppresses the antagonistic grey mould, Botrytis cinerea in collaboration with D. suzukii larvae, and produces less ethanol than baker's yeast. H. uvarum thus creates favourable conditions for D. suzukii larval development, which is susceptible to ethanol and grey mould. D. suzukii, on the other hand, vectors H. uvarum to suitable substrates such as raspberries, where larval feeding activity enhances growth of H. uvarum. Larval feeding also helps to suppress B. cinerea, which otherwise outcompetes H. uvarum on raspberry, in the absence of fly larvae. In conclusion, H. uvarum enhances D. suzukii larval development on unripe berries, and D. suzukii promotes H. uvarum dispersal and growth on berries. Yeast and fly modify their shared habitat in reciprocal niche construction and mutual interaction. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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| 16. |
- Gharaie, Samareh, et al.
(författare)
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Light spectrum modifies the utilization pattern of energy sources in Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the overruling impact of light in the phyllosphere, little is known regarding the influence of light spectra on non-phototrophic bacteria colonizing the leaf surface. We developed an in vitro method to study phenotypic profile responses of bacterial pure cultures to different bands of the visible light spectrum using monochromatic (blue: 460 nm; red: 660 nm) and polychromatic (white: 350-990 nm) LEDs, by modification and optimization of a protocol for the Phenotype MicroArray (TM) technique (Biolog Inc., CA, USA). The new protocol revealed high reproducibility of substrate utilization under all conditions tested. Challenging the non-phototrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09 with white, blue, and red light demonstrated that all light treatments affected the respiratory profile differently, with blue LED having the most decisive impact on substrate utilization by impairing respiration of 140 substrates. The respiratory activity was decreased on 23 and 42 substrates under red and white LEDs, respectively, while utilization of one, 16, and 20 substrates increased in the presence of red, blue, and white LEDs, respectively. Interestingly, on four substrates contrasting utilization patterns were found when the bacterium was exposed to different light spectra. Although non-phototrophic bacteria do not rely directly on light as an energy source, Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09 changed its respiratory activity on various substrates differently when exposed to different lights. Thus, ability to sense and distinguish between different wavelengths even within the visible light spectrum must exist, and leads to differential regulation of substrate usage. With these results, we hypothesize that different light spectra might be a hitherto neglected key stimulus for changes in microbial lifestyle and habits of substrate usage by non-phototrophic phyllospheric microbiota, and thus might essentially stratify leaf microbiota composition and diversity.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hultberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of disease in tomato infected by Pythium ultimum with a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas koreensis
- 2010
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Ingår i: BioControl (Dordrecht). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-6141 .- 1573-8248. ; 55:3, s. 435-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of biosurfactants is a promising alternative in biological control of zoospore-producing oomycetes, which are a major plant pathogen world-wide in a wide variety of crops. Oomycetes are of particular concern in closed hydroponic cultivation systems. The present study investigated the efficacy of a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas koreensis and added as a crude extract against the oomycete Pythium ultimum in hydroponic tomato cultivation. A significant reduction in disease was observed. Biosurfactant addition did not affect the indigenous root microflora when evaluated as sole carbon source utilisation. Chemical analysis, using electrospray hybrid mass spectrometry (ESI-MSMS), of the biosurfactant indicated it to be lokisin, a cyclic lipopeptide. These results confirm that biosurfactants are important in developing sustainable biological control strategies for oomycetes.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Biological control of root pathogens in strawberry cultivation in tunnel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1156, s. 811-815
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultivation of strawberries in tunnels has been of interest in the last few years as a mean to expand the cultivation season and increase yield. The need to move the tunnels due to soil depletion is a disadvantage for production in tunnels. By shifting to a substrate cultivation, the tunnels could be stationary and open up for the possibility to expand the cultivation season and increase yield. However, a lot of factors must be optimized when cultivation of strawberries in substrate is considered. Among these factors is the spread of root pathogens belonging to fungal genera Phytophthora, Pythium, Fusarium and Verticillium that are the underlying cause for crow, rot and wilt diseases. In the current study a sustainable and secure strawberry production approach against root diseases using the biocontrol agent Binab T with Trichoderma isolates as active ingredients is evaluated. Investigations were carried out in tunnel on three different strawberry cultivars. The fungal pathogens Phytophthora cactorum and Verticillium dahlia were used as model pathogens and investigated with and without the presence of Binab T. The effect of Binab T on the investigated root pathogens varied depending on the plants cultivar and the type of pathogen present in the cultivation system. The best biocontrol against both pathogens was obtained with the strawberry cultivar 'Rumba'. Variations in this effect were observed when 'Honeoye' and 'Sonata' cultivars were used.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of two commercial recirculated aquacultural systems and their microbial potential in plant disease suppression
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Aquaponics are food production systems advocated for food security and health. Their sustainability from a nutritional and plant health perspective is, however, a significant challenge. Recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) form a major part of aquaponic systems, but knowledge about their microbial potential to benefit plant growth and plant health is limited. The current study tested if the diversity and function of microbial communities in two commercial RAS were specific to the fish species used (Tilapia or Clarias) and sampling site (fish tanks and wastewaters), and whether they confer benefits to plants and have in vitro antagonistic potential towards plant pathogens. Results Microbial diversity and composition was found to be dependent on fish species and sample site. The Tilapia RAS hosted higher bacterial diversity than the Clarias RAS; but the later hosted higher fungal diversity. Both Tilapia and Clarias RAS hosted bacterial and fungal communities that promoted plant growth, inhibited plant pathogens and encouraged biodegradation. The production of extracellular enzymes, related to nutrient availability and pathogen control, by bacterial strains isolated from the Tilapia and Clarias systems, makes them a promising tool in aquaponics and in their system design. Conclusions This study explored the microbial diversity and potential of the commercial RAS with either Tilapia or Clarias as a tool to benefit the aquaponic system with respect to plant growth promotion and control of plant diseases.
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| 23. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of growing medium water content on the biological control of root pathogens in a closed soilless system
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1462-0316 .- 2380-4084. ; 86, s. 298-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water content of the growing medium and its interaction with a biocontrol agent was studied in a closed soilless culture system in order to identify factors that could increase the efficiency and decrease the variability of biocontrol agents. Pumice was chosen as the growing medium because of its high water-holding capacity and in view of the high water content required for the growth of the root pathogen. The commercial biocontrol agent Binab T (active strains Trichoderma polysporum and T harzianum) was evaluated at 50% and 70% water content. Studies were carried out in a controlled environment, in a climate chamber, using tomato as the model plant and Pythium ultimum as the model pathogen. Pathogen levels were affected by the water content of the medium and the biocontrol treatment, while the amount of biocontrol agent was not affected by the water content of the growing medium. The Trichoderma strains in Binab T were able to reduce the amount of pathogen and the incidence of disease at both water contents tested. The biocontrol activity of Binab T against P ultimum, as indicated by the level of glucanase production, was affected by variations in the water content of the growing medium. The pathogen, the biocontrol agent, and the water content of the growing medium, all had an impact on the microbial communities resident in the system.
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| 24. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of growing medium on the interactions between biocontrol agents and tomato root pathogens in a closed hydroponic system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1462-0316 .- 2380-4084. ; 84, s. 489–494-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three commercial biocontrol agents [Trichoderma polysporum plus T harzianum (Binab T), Gliocladium cantenitlatum (Gliomix), and Streptomyces griseoviridis (Mycostop)] were evaluated for their Ability to reduce root diseases caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora cryptogea, or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in hydroponically-grown tomatoes. Studies were performed using two types of growing medium, peat or pumice, under controlled conditions in a closed irrigation system. The level of disease control varied depending on the biocontrol agent, growing medium, and pathogen. In pumice, amendment with Binab T, Gliomix, or Mycostop reduced the levels and disease incidence of all three pathogens. However, Mycostop had no significant effect on the level of any of the three pathogens in peat, although Binab T and Gliomix both achieved successful biocontrol. In both growth media, biocontrol of F oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was poor compared with that of P aphanidermatum or P cryptogea. Overall, tomato plant growth increased after the introduction of any of the biocontrol agents, in the presence of any of the three pathogens, compared with the untreated controls.
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| 25. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Effekt av reningsutrustning på näringsfällning och mikroflora i bioreaktorbaserad in vitro-produktion av växtråvara
- 2015
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Detta faktablad baseras på två projekt med det gemensamma syftet att utveckla en hållbar in vitro-baserad produktion av växtråvara. Syftet har även varit att utveckla ett system för recirkulering av näringslösning i storskalig bioreaktorbaserad odling. Två reningssystem testades – rening med ”Advanced Oxidation Technologies” (AOT) under 2013 och med kolfilter under 2014. Reningssystemen testades utifrån effektivitet att minska näringsfällningar och mikroflora. Resultaten från detta projekt visar att kolfiltrering är en effektiv metod att använda i bioreaktorsystem för att hämma fällningar av de flesta näringsämnen samt förekomsten av mikroorganismer. Annan reningsutrustning behöver dock testas för att uppnå en effektivare rening. Kiselackumulering är också ett problem som bör undersökas närmare.
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| 26. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of biocontrol agents for managing root diseases on hydroponically grown tomato
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. - 1861-3829 .- 1861-3837. ; 117, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens 5.014 together with three commercial biocontrol products (Binab T, Gliomix and Mycostop) against root diseases caused by Pythium ultimum, P. aphanidermatum, Phytophthora cryptogea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was evaluated in the climate chamber for 4 weeks. The results indicated efficiency of all the biocontrol strains against P. ultimum and P. aphanidermatum. Effectiveness against F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was only shown by the commercial products. BinabT and Mycostop were also effective against P. cryptogea. A growth promoting effect was indicated by the biocontrol strains after their application to the system.
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| 27. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Fertiliser effect on Swiss chard of black soldier fly larvae-frass compost made from food waste and faeces
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of insects as food and feed. - 2352-4588. ; 7, s. 457-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inadequate organic waste management can have adverse health effects and pollute the environment. If the energy and nutrients in organic waste were to be used efficiently, they could increase food security. Composting using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae can convert organic waste into two valuable products: organic fertiliser, in the form of treatment residues, and animal feed protein, in the form of larvae. To demonstrate the feasibility of using BSF treatment residues as organic fertiliser, more knowledge is needed about the effect of BSF larvae-frass compost on plant growth and performance. This study examined the effect on growth of Swiss chard of five fertiliser treatments: (1) BSF larvae-frass compost of human faeces (BSF-F); (2) BSF larvae-frass compost of food waste (BSF-FW); (3) cow manure (CM), the most commonly used organic fertiliser globally; (4) an inorganic fertiliser containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); and (5) a negative control with no fertiliser. The results revealed that BSF larvae-frass compost of human faeces and food waste gave comparable yields to inorganic fertilisers, and significantly higher yields than the unfertilised control. The percentage increase in fresh weight of leaves in the treatments compared to the unfertilised control were 132% for BSF-FW, 115% for BSF-F, 118% for NPK and 86% for CM. Principal component analysis ( PCA) showed that all treatments involving fertiliser gave differences in soil nutrient concentrations. PCA also revealed a positive correlation between soil nitrate concentration and yield. Thus, using BSF larvae-frass compost as fertiliser could be a way of efficiently returning plant nutrients in faeces and organic waste to the food chain.
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| 28. |
- Khalil, Sammar
(författare)
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Growth performance, nutrients and microbial dynamic in aquaponics systems as affected by water temperature
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Horticultural Science. - 1611-4426 .- 1611-4434. ; 83, s. 388-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aquaponics is an integrated production of fish and hydroponic crops with recirculation of the nutrient solution in which fish wastes are used as plant fertilizers. Development towards bioeconomical based cultivation system using industrial symbioses makes application of aquaponics systems in areas with surpluses or excess heat of great interest. Within the frame of these surpluses a significant amount of energy leaves the processes as low-grade heat through flue gas stacks and cooling water. However, little knowledge is available about the effect of low water temperature on the growth and microbial parameters in an aquaponics system. Investigations in the current study were thus carried out to study the effect of water temperature of 11 degrees C compared with 21 degrees C on plant growth, nutrient and microbial dynamic in aquaponic systems. Two cultivation systems (treatments) were used, an aqua ponic system consisted of a fish tank, a biofilter and a plant unit, and a hydroponic system (control) consisted of a water tank and a plant unit. Basil and trout were used as model organisms. The experiment was run for a period of eight weeks and repeated over time. The results indicated good fish growth and better plant growth in aquaponics systems compared with hydroponic systems at both water temperatures. The growth, as indicated by plant biomass, leaf length and width as well as nitrate content in the leaves, was better at water temperature of 21 degrees C compared with 11 degrees C. Low water temperature of 11 degrees C indicated a negative effect on biofiltration, microbial dynamics and disease incidence in the system. Negative correlation between the total nitrogen removal rate and low water temperature was also indicated.
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| 29. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbara odlingssubstrat med sjukdomshämmande egenskaper för odling av grönsaker och bär i tunnlar och växthus
- 2017
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Framgångsrik produktion av grönsaker och bär i växthus och i tunnel är i stor utsträckning beroende av odlingssubstratets kemiska, biologiska och fysikaliska egenskaper. Ett idealiskt substrat ska vara fritt från ogräs och sjukdomar, tillräckligt tungt för att växten ska stå stadigt och ändå tillräckligt lätt för att underlätta hantering och frakt. Substratet ska vara väl dränerat och samtidigt hålla tillräckligt med vatten för växtens behov. Andra parametrar som ska övervägas inkluderar kostnad, tillgänglighet, kvalité och stabilitet hos odlingssubstratet över tiden. Substratet kan förbättras så att det bidrar med sjukdomshämmande egenskaper som gynnar tillväxt och utveckling. Ett bra substrat är avgörande för framgångsrik produktion av växter.
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| 30. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Individbaserad trygghetsskapande och språkutveckling genom odling – en fallstudie om arbetslösa utlandsföddas väg i samhället
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har under senare år tagit emot flera hundra tusen assylsökande. Att integrera dessa i samhället är en stor utmaning. De behöver känna trygghet och tillhörighet i samhället genom olika integrationsaktiviteter. Samtidigt kan de bidra med kompetens och kunskap om de lyckas etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. Etablering på arbetsmarknaden är av stor betydelse för att förebygga utanförskap och arbetslöshet samt öka trygghet och tillhörighet hos utlandsfödda personer. Dock är integrations- och etableringsprocesser kantade av hinder och barriärer som är relaterade till bland annat språkkunskaper, ålder, utbildning och kulturen. Projektet övergripande syfte var att använda odling som ett verktyg för att öka möjligheten för utlandsfödda personer att integrera i samhället och bygga upp trygghet samt språk- och kommunikationsförmåga. Odling förespråker för matproduktion och konsumtion, utveckling av sociala nätverk, utveckling och förstärkning av språk och kommunikationsförmåga samt för hälsa och välmående. Deltagare i studien rekryterades via företaget Xenofilia i Malmö och dess projekt ”Växtplats Rosengård”, som stödjer utlandsfödda som står långt ifrån arbetsmarknad att närmas sig arbetsmarknaden i genom bland annat odlingsaktiviteter. Genom Växtplats Rosengårds odlingsspår rekryterades tre grupper med åtta deltagare i varje grupp vid tre olika tillfällen under 2018. Deltagarna i varje grupp deltog i intervjuer kring trygghet och platsanknytning, språkundervisning samt i studiebesök till olika odlingsföretag och till SLU Alnarp. Projektet omfattade också undersökningar kring utveckling av produktionsunderlag av nya grödor som ingår i utlandsföddas matkultur. Studier i projektet identifierade plats och kontext, scenariobaserat lärande, läran om odling av svenska grödor och egna grödor från hemlandet som trygghetsskapande faktorer och grundläggande förutsättningar för att kunna känna trygghet, engagemang i arbetet, öppenhet att ta in nya saker och för att skapa nya kontakter. Att känna tillhörighet till en plats med hjälp av platsanknytning och kontext såsom odling skapar trygghet genom upplevelse av tillhörighet och att lyckas och utvecklas. Scenariobaserad svenskundervisning kan hjälpa utlandsfödda att utveckla sin kommunikativa förmåga genom att delta i klassrumsinteraktioner baserade på scenarier, dialoger, och interaktiv pedagogik. Studiebesöken vidgar utöver kunskapen om odling och odlingsteknik, också den geografiska horisonten i Sverige och känslan att komma utanför hemkommunen. Tillgång till grönsaker bekanta från hemlandets matkultur på den svenska marknaden gynnar också trygghet hos utlandsfödda svenskar, grossister och konsumenter.
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| 31. |
- Khalil, Sammar
(författare)
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Influence of electrical conductivity on biological activity of Pythium ultimum and Binab T in a closed soilless system
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection. - 1861-3829 .- 1861-3837. ; 118, s. 102-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution on the performance of the commercial biocontrol product Binab T against the root pathogen Pythium ultimum were studied in order to identify supporting factors to increase the efficiency and decrease the inconsistency of biocontrol agents in closed cultivation systems. Using a substrate-based growing system, the commercial product Binab T with the active strains Trichoderma polysporum plus T. harzianum was evaluated at four different EC levels (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0 mS cm(-1)) over seven weeks in a controlled climate chamber environment, using tomato as the model plant. Addition of the biocontrol agent to the cultivation system caused a reduction in the level and incidence of pathogen attack that improved with increasing EC level from 2.5 mS cm(-1) onward. Production of the cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulose and glucanase by Binab T increased with increasing EC level, independent of pathogen presence. In a control treatment with no artificial inoculation, enzyme activity decreased with increasing EC level. Increasing EC levels in the presence of Binab T also had a positive effect on plant biomass. The highest antagonistic effect of Binab T against Pythium ultimum, as indicated by enzyme activity, amount of pathogen in the system and disease incidence, occurred at 3.5 mS cm(-1). The plant growth-promoting effect of Binab T also peaked at 3.5 mS cm(-1).
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| 32. |
- Khalil, Sammar
(författare)
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Influence of micronutrients on the biological control of Pythium ultimum in a closed soilless system
- 2013
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of plant protection. - 2291-3254 .- 2291-3262. ; 1, s. 134-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of micronutrients in the nutrient solution and its interaction with the commercial biocontrol product Binab T against the root pathogen Pythium ultimum were studied in order to identify supporting factors to increase the efficiency and decrease the inconsistency of biocontrol agents in closed cultivation systems. The micronutrients were used as an approach to create a favourable environment to biocontrol by Binab T. This was based on the facts that different kind of metals including micronutrients has been used as a tool for disease management. Using a substrate-based growing system, Binab T with the active strains Trichoderma polysporum plus T. harzianum was evaluated at two different levels of zinc (5.0 µM and 10.0 µM) or of copper (0.75 µM and 1.5 µM) over seven weeks in a controlled climate chamber environment, using tomato as the model plant. The amount of biocontrol agent needed was found to increase with increased zinc level as well as at low copper level in the presence of the pathogen. In general this amount was lower at both copper levels compared with zinc. Addition of the biocontrol agent to the cultivation system caused a reduction in the level and incidence of pathogen attack at both zinc levels and also at low copper level. The biocontrol activity of Binab T against the root pathogen Pythium ultimum, indicated by the production of the cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulose and glucanase, increased with increasing zinc level in the presence of Binab T, with or without the pathogen being present. Increased zinc level in the presence of Binab T, in or without the presence of the pathogen also had a positive effect on plant growth. The same was indicated at low copper level.
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| 33. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Integration genom odling
- 2019
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under åren 20015 – 2018 sökte ca 163 000 individer asyl i Sverige. Att integrera dessa i samhället är en stor utmaning. De behöver känna trygghet och tillhörighet i samhället genom olika integrationsaktiviteter. Samtidigt kan de bidra med kompetens och kunskap om de lyckas etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden. I ett projekt finansierat av Familjen Kamprads stiftelse har möjligheterna att använda odling som ett integrationsverktyg studerats. Slutsatsen är att odlingsprojekt kan användas för att skapa trygghet, bygga sociala nätverk samt utveckla färdigheter i svenska språket.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Ledningstal och mikronäringsämnen kan påverka effekt av biologisk bekämpning
- 2010
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Ingår i: Viola. - 0042-6407. ; , s. 30-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Växtnäring tycks inte enbart ha effekt på växternas utveckling utan även på hur väl biologisk bekämpning fungerar. Undersökningar i Alnarp visar bland annat på ökad effekt av Binab T mot algsvampen Pythium ultimum vid ledningstal 2,5 eller högre i näringslösningen i slutna odlingssystem.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Khalil, Sammar
(författare)
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Resilience of growing media
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1034, s. 371-378
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing media in horticultural cropping systems inhabit a number of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. This number is low at the beginning of the growing period and increase rapidly after the introduction of the plants. Analyses using viable count indicated stability of growing media at the bacterial amount of 1010 cfu/g of fresh root and at 106 cfu/ ml for the nutrient solution. Microflora inhabiting growing media can be of beneficial or harmful character. Root pathogens such as Pythium, Phytophthora and Fusarium are common pathogens in these media. In reaction disease control has focused on beneficial microorganisms as a tool for disease management. The natural role of the resident microflora, manipulation of the growing media by addition of different biocontrol strains separately or in combination or nutritional amendments to enhance the antagonistic capacity of the microflora are aspects in focus. A reduction in disease incidence by 50-100% by the resident microflora was reported. In different investigations introduction of biocontrol strains has shown a positive effect on disease reduction. However, the type of growing medium has shown to have an impact on the performance of such strains. Moreover, nutritional amendments using organic material such as compost, other C or N sources in order to increase the size of the microbial community and activity have been reported. Special attention has also been directed towards the activity of microbial communities in growing media as well as in compost during processing. Measurements of microbial respiration, nitrification process and enzyme activity have been used as indicators for microbial activity. Further, assessments of microbial communities, during the cultivation period indicated dominance of bacteria in inorganic growing media such as rockwool and fungi in the organic ones like peat. Although the microflora in the growing media plays an important role in disease control, other factors such as water content, pH and nutrients are also of importance. To define sustainable horticultural production systems, mathematical models may help to combine widely differing data as mentioned above. This might result in early warning systems. Information on molecular basis as well as bioinformatics information about disease management in growing media and composts is needed.
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| 39. |
- Khalil, Sammar, et al.
(författare)
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Utilisation of Carbon Sources by Pythium, Phytophthora and Fusarium Species as Determined by Biolog® Microplate Assay
- 2009
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Ingår i: Open Microbiology Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-2858. ; 3, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the metabolic activity of pure cultures of five root pathogens commonly found in closed hydroponic cultivation systems (Phytophthora cryptogea (PC), Phytophthora capsici (PCP), Pythium aphanidermatum (PA), Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) and Fusarium solani (FS)) using sole carbon source utilisation in order to develop effective biocontrol strategies against these pathogens. Aliquots of 150 *L of the mycelial suspension were inoculated in each well of GN2 microtitre plates. On the basis of average well colour development and number of positive wells, the pathogens were divided into two groups, (i) PA and FORL and (ii) PC, PCP and FS. Group (i) was characterised by a short lag-phase, a rapid exponential phase involving almost all carbon sources offered and a long stationary phase, while group (ii) had a more extended lag-phase and a slower utilisation rate of the carbon sources offered. The three isolates in group (ii) differed significantly during their exponential phase. The lowest utilisation rate of carbon sources and number of sources utilised was found for PCP. Of the major group of carbon sources, six carbohydrates, three carboxylic acids and four amino acids were rapidly used by all isolates tested at an early stage. The carbon sources gentibiose, -D-glucose, maltose, sucrose, D-trehalose, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-proline persisted to the end of the exponential phase.Moreover, similarities between the metabolic profiles of the tested pathogen and the those of the resident microflora could also be found. These findings are of great importance as regards the role of the resident microflora in the biocontrol
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| 40. |
- Lindqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Bio-based production systems : Why environmental assessment needs to include supporting systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a bio-based economy is expected to deliver substantial environmental and economic benefits. However, bio-based production systems still come with significant environmental challenges, and there is a need for assessment methods that are adapted for the specific characteristics of these systems. In this review, we investigated how the environmental aspects of bio-based production systems differ from those of non-renewable systems, what requirements these differences impose when assessing their sustainability, and to what extent mainstream assessment methods fulfil these requirements. One unique characteristic of bio-based production is the need to maintain the regenerative capacity of the system. The necessary conditions for maintaining regenerative capacity are often provided through direct or indirect interactions between the production system and surrounding "supporting" systems. Thus, in the environmental assessment, impact categories affected in both the primary production system and the supporting systems need to be included, and impact models tailored to the specific context of the study should be used. Development in this direction requires efforts to broaden the system boundaries of conventional environmental assessments, to increase the level of spatial and temporal differentiation, and to improve our understanding of how local uniqueness and temporal dynamics affect the performance of the investigated system.
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| 41. |
- Lindqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Human-Water Dynamics and their Role for Seasonal Water Scarcity – a Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water resources management. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 0920-4741 .- 1573-1650. ; 35:10, s. 3043-3061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensuring sustainable management and an adequate supply of freshwater resources is a growing challenge around the world. Even in historically water abundant regions climate change together with population growth and economic development are processes that are expected to contribute to an increase in permanent and seasonal water scarcity in the coming decades. Previous studies have shown how policies to address water scarcity often fail to deliver lasting improvements because they do not account for how these processes influence, and are influenced by, human-water interactions shaping water supply and demand. Despite significant progress in recent years, place-specific understanding of the mechanisms behind human-water feedbacks remain limited, particularly in historically water abundant regions. To this end, we here present a Swedish case study where we, by use of a qualitative system dynamics approach, explore how human-water interactions have contributed to seasonal water scarcity at the local-to-regional scale. Our results suggest that the current approach to address water scarcity by inter-basin water transports contributes to increasing demand by creating a gap between the perceived and actual state of water resources among consumers. This has resulted in escalating water use and put the region in a state of systemic lock-in where demand-regulating policies are mitigated by increases in water use enabled by water transports. We discuss a combination of information and economic policy instruments to combat water scarcity, and we propose the use of quantitative simulation methods to further assess these strategies in future studies. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Nicolaidis Lindqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of future climate on local water supply and demand – A socio-hydrological case study in the Nordic region
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2214-5818. ; 41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study region: Fårö island, part of Region Gotland, Sweden. Study focus: Despite its importance for proactive planning and management, understanding of how future climate and socioeconomic trends may interact to influence water supply and demand at sub-regional scale remains limited for the Nordic region. We aim to close this knowledge gap by developing a combined social and hydrological simulation model for Fårö island in the Baltic Sea. We use multivariate Monte Carlo simulations to explore the effects of future climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) on local groundwater supplies, and subsequent impacts on the housing sector, tourism sector, and municipal water supply system in the period 2020–2050. New hydrological insights for the region: Our results suggest that groundwater storage will remain critically low in the coming 30 years, with a 60–70% probability of the groundwater head falling to lower levels than experienced in the past 60 years. Low water availability and widespread saltwater intrusion will constrain housing and tourism development by up to 11% and 30% respectively. To sustain growth, the tourist sector will become increasingly reliant on water from private wells, and supplementary water deliveries from neighboring regions will be required to meet water demand on the municipal grid. © 2022 The Authors
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| 44. |
- Samad, Samia, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Environmental Effects on Flowering and Plant Architecture in an Everbearing Strawberry F1-Hybrid by Meristem Dissection and Gene Expression Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Horticulturae. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-7524. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floral transition in the cultivated everbearing strawberry is a hot topic because these genotypes flower perpetually and are difficult to maintain in a non-flowering state. However, it has rarely been studied using morphogenetic and molecular analyses simultaneously. We therefore examined the morphogenetic effects and the activation of genes involved in floral induction and initiation in seedlings of an everbearing F1-hybrid. Seedlings were grown at 12, 19, and 26 degrees C under 10 h SD and 20 h LD conditions. We observed a strong environmental influence on meristem development and a FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FaFT1)-SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (FaSOC1) pathway similar to that in the everbearing woodland strawberry. The everbearing cultivar showed typical features of a quantitative LD plant, flowering earlier under LD than SD conditions at all temperatures. We also found that floral induction is facilitated by FaFT1 upregulation under LD conditions, while FaSOC1 upregulation in the apex leads to photoperiod-independent floral initiation. Moreover, we confirmed the strawberry meristem identity gene FaFUL can also be used as an early indicator of floral initiation in EB cultivars. This study also highlights the advantages of seed-propagated F1-hybrids in genetic studies, namely that they are genetically identical and not biased by a previous flowering history.
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| 45. |
- Samad, Samia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Flower Potential in Everbearing Strawberry as Evaluated by Meristem Dissection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulturae. - : MDPI AG. - 2311-7524. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing interest in using everbearing (EB) strawberry cultivars to extend the cultivation period has faced some challenges. These include poor runner production due to its perpetual flowering nature; irregular flowering behavior and extended periods of high temperature have caused floral inhibition and reduced yield. As flowering is an interplay between temperature and photoperiod, it is important to investigate the effects of this interaction on the cultivation. Therefore, this study used meristem dissection as a tool to study the effect of temperature and photoperiod on meristem development. Tray plants of two EB strawberry cultivars 'Florentina' and 'Favori' were grown at 20 & DEG;C, 25 & DEG;C, and 30 & DEG;C under short day (SD) conditions, and subsequently at 20 & DEG;C under long day (LD) conditions. The meristem development was analysed every 6 weeks for a 15-week period in SD and for 14 weeks in LD conditions using meristem dissection. The plants showed similar flowering patterns to previously studied everbearing cultivars, which was qualitative LD plants at high temperatures and quantitative LD plants at lower temperatures. Our results show that meristem dissection can be used to determine the temperature and photoperiodic effect on meristem development, and for the occurrence of cropping peaks, and can therefore be used to decide the environmental input and to evaluate yield potential.
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| 46. |
- Stenberg, Johan A, et al.
(författare)
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When is it biological control? A framework of definitions, mechanisms, and classifications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4758 .- 1612-4766. ; 94, s. 665-676
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological control, or biocontrol, is the exploitation of living agents (incl. viruses) to combat pestilential organisms (incl. pathogens, pests, and weeds) for diverse purposes to provide human benefits. Thus, during the last century the practices and concepts involved have evolved in separate streams associated with distinct scientific and taxonomic disciplines. In parallel developments, there have been increasing references to biological control in industrial contexts and legislation, resulting in conceptual and terminological disintegration. The aim of this paper is to provide a global conceptual and terminological platform that facilitates future development of the field. We review use of previously suggested terms in key fields (e.g., phytopathology, entomology, and weed science), eliminate redundant terminology, identify three principles that should underpin the concept, and then present a new framework for biological control, rooted in seminal publications. The three principles establish that (1) only living agents can mediate biological control, (2) biological control always targets a pest, directly or indirectly, and (3) all biocontrol methods can be classified in four main categories depending on whether resident agents are utilized, with or without targeted human intervention (conservation biological control and natural biological control, respectively) or agents are added for permanent or temporary establishment (classical biological control and augmentative biological control, respectively). Correct identification of what is, and is not, biological control can help efforts to understand and optimize biological pest control for human and environmental benefits. The new conceptual framework may contribute to more uniform and appropriate regulatory approaches to biological control, and more efficient authorization and application of biocontrol products.
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| 47. |
- Svensson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Förebyggande åtgärder kan gynna nyttiga mikroorganismer för bättre tillväxt och avkastning vid odling i substrat
- 2017
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Ingår i: LTV-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Odling av jordgubbar och hallon i substrat som består av torvblandningar eller kokosfiber är något som visar en tydlig tendens till att öka. Det finns dock en ökad risk för spridning av rotsjukdomar i substratodling. För att motverka utveckling av rotpatogener brukar odlarna ofta doppa plantorna i någon plantstärkande produkt, till exempel kaliumfosfit, innan plantering. Från plantering och under odlingsperioden utvecklas en mikroflora på både rötter och i substratet som omfattar nyttiga, skadliga liksom neutrala mikroorganismer. Det är hittills relativt okänt på vilket sätt nyttiga mikroorganismer utvecklas vid odling i substrat och i samspel med kaliumfosfit. Ny forskning vid SLU visar att förebyggande användning av kaliumfosfit kan bidra till att utveckla en tillväxtstimulerande och antagonistisk mikroflora på rötterna, vid odling i torvsubstrat.
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