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| 2. |
- Tran, K. B., et al.
(författare)
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The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 400:10352, s. 563-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 8. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 9. |
- Frostad, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Global Health. - 2214-109X. ; 10:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km x 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2.1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205000 (95% uncertainty interval 147000-257000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Aslam, Marryam, et al.
(författare)
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Physical characteristics of CdZrO3 perovskite at different pressure for optoelectronic application
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier. - 2238-7854 .- 2214-0697. ; 9:5, s. 9965-9971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive investigation of the physical characteristics of any material provides beneficial information regarding its application viewpoint in different industries. Herein, we report the tunable mechanical and optoelectronic properties of cubic CdZrO3 under variable pressure up to 80 GPa using density functional theory (DFT). The pressure-induced band gap engineering reveals a fantastic fact of transformation of the indirect to direct band gap with increasing pressure. The dielectric response disclosed that optical parameters dragged towards higher energy with an increase of pressure, which unveiled the potential of CdZrO3 for optoelectronic applications. Effective change in optoelectronic is attributed to indirect to direct band gap transition. This study provides a gateway to how the optoelectronic properties of cubic CdZrO3 could be tuned by employing external pressure.
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| 16. |
- Khan, U. H., et al.
(författare)
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A novel asterisk-shaped circularly polarized RFID tag for on-metal applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal. - : Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES). - 1054-4887. ; 31:9, s. 1035-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An asterisk-shaped, metal-mountable RFID tag with a minuscule footprint is presented. The proposed design makes use of multiple asymmetric slots patterned in a cross-shaped fashion to achieve circular polarization. The structure is excited capacitively using a terminally-grounded, T-shaped feed line positioned within the slots. This peculiar arrangement permits the attainment of circular polarized radiation characteristics over a wide band of operation. Impedance matching, antenna size reduction and read range enhancement are the additional advantages offered by the embedded feed line. The final design is realized on a commercially available FR-4 substrate over dimensions of 40 x 40 mm2 yielding an impedance bandwidth and an axial ratio bandwidth of 37 MHz and 20 MHz, respectively. Improvement in antenna gain (and consequently in the read range) is reported upon mounting the tag on metallic surfaces.
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| 17. |
- Löfgren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of an SVD Based MIMO OFDM channel estimator
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2009 NORCHIP. - 9781424443109 - 9781424443116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a hardware design of an SVD based channel estimator. The details of the design are explained and some key aspects are discussed. The design has been implemented and tested on an FPGA and synthesized for an ASIC in 130 nm technology. It is shown that it is possible to get a clock frequency of 179 MHz for a 1.38 mm 2 design. This corresponds to ~30 M estimates per second, which is more than needed in current wireless systems. Further, simulations show that this design would consume an average power of around 8.5 mW with a peak power at 14.2 mW. The presented data shows that it is possible to use these kind of advanced channel estimation strategies in wireless receivers, even though there has been no prior reports of these being implemented.
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| 18. |
- Otto, Thomas D., et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive evaluation of rodent malaria parasite genomes and gene expression
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : BioMed Central. - 1741-7007. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Rodent malaria parasites (RMP) are used extensively as models of human malaria. Draft RMP genomes have been published for Plasmodium yoelii, P. berghei ANKA (PbA) and P. chabaudi AS (PcAS). Although availability of these genomes made a significant impact on recent malaria research, these genomes were highly fragmented and were annotated with little manual curation. The fragmented nature of the genomes has hampered genome wide analysis of Plasmodium gene regulation and function.RESULTS: We have greatly improved the genome assemblies of PbA and PcAS, newly sequenced the virulent parasite P. yoelii YM genome, sequenced additional RMP isolates/lines and have characterized genotypic diversity within RMP species. We have produced RNA-seq data and utilised it to improve gene-model prediction and to provide quantitative, genome-wide, data on gene expression. Comparison of the RMP genomes with the genome of the human malaria parasite P. falciparum and RNA-seq mapping permitted gene annotation at base-pair resolution. Full-length chromosomal annotation permitted a comprehensive classification of all subtelomeric multigene families including the 'Plasmodium interspersed repeat genes' (pir). Phylogenetic classification of the pir family, combined with pir expression patterns, indicates functional diversification within this family.CONCLUSIONS: Complete RMP genomes, RNA-seq and genotypic diversity data are excellent and important resources for gene-function and post-genomic analyses and to better interrogate Plasmodium biology. Genotypic diversity between P. chabaudi isolates makes this species an excellent parasite to study genotype-phenotype relationships. The improved classification of multigene families will enhance studies on the role of (variant) exported proteins in virulence and immune evasion/modulation.
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| 19. |
- Tariq, N., et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Kite-Shaped Chipless RFID Tag for Low-Profile Applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: IETE Journal of Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0377-2063 .- 0974-780X. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a novel, compact 10-bit chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag with stable readable characteristics is proposed. The tag is composed of several concentric novel kite-shaped loop resonators. The desired data sequence is obtained by the insertion or removal of nested elements, offering a 1:1 data bit to resonance correspondence. Each data sequence is encoded in the spectral domain of the tag. The proposed tag shows operability at different polarizations and incident angles of the impinging electromagnetic waves. Operating within the ultra-wideband (UWB), the tag is realized on the Roger RT/duroid® 5880 substrate having physical dimensions of 13.55 × 13.55 mm2. The measurement results of the design reveal a high code density and spectral efficiency of 5.44 bits/cm2 and 2 bits/GHz, respectively. The compact and robust passive chipless RFID tag having scalable data storage potential can be deployed in numerous low-profile applications such as those of wearable and healthcare.
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| 21. |
- Khan, Abdul Rauf, et al.
(författare)
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Computation of differential and integral operators using M-polynomials of gold crystal
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gold is generally considered a noble metal since it is inherently inert in its bulk state. However, gold demonstrates reactivity when it is in its ionic state. The inherent inertness of bulk gold has resulted in its widespread recognition as a vital raw material in various biomedical processes. The applications of these technologies include drug delivery microchips, dental prostheses, reconstructive surgery, culinary additives, and cardiovascular stents. Gold can also exist in molecules or ions, particularly gold ions, which facilitates the production of gold nanomaterials. In this paper, we have computed differential and integral operators by using the M-Polynomial of gold crystals and by utilizing this polynomial, we have also computed eleven topological indices like 1st Zagreb, 2nd Zagreb, Hyper, Sigma, Second Modified, General Randic, General Reciprocal Randic, 3rd Redefined Zagreb, Symmetric Division Degree, Harmonic, Inverse Sum indices for the structure of Gold crystal.
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| 22. |
- Khan, Rizwan, et al.
(författare)
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A transfer learning approach for multiclass classification of Alzheimer's disease using MRI images
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's is an acute degenerative disease affecting the elderly population all over the world. The detection of disease at an early stage in the absence of a large-scale annotated dataset is crucial to the clinical treatment for the prevention and early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we propose a transfer learning base approach to classify various stages of AD. The proposed model can distinguish between normal control (NC), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and AD. In this regard, we apply tissue segmentation to extract the gray matter from the MRI scans obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease National Initiative (ADNI) database. We utilize this gray matter to tune the pre-trained VGG architecture while freezing the features of the ImageNet database. It is achieved through the addition of a layer with step-wise freezing of the existing blocks in the network. It not only assists transfer learning but also contributes to learning new features efficiently. Extensive experiments are conducted and results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
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| 23. |
- Khan, Tahir Naeem, et al.
(författare)
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Novel missense mutation in the RSPO4 gene in congenital hyponychia and evidence for a polymorphic initiation codon (p.M1l)
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 13, s. 120-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Anonychia/hyponychia congenita is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by the absence (anonychia) or hypoplasia (hyponuchia) of finger- and/or toenails frequently caused by mutations in the R-spondin 4 (RSPO4) gene. Methods: Three hypo/anonychia consanguineous Pakistani families were ascertained and genotyped using microsatellite markers spanning the RSPO4 locus on chromosome 20p13. Mutation screening of the RSPO4 gene was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding region and all intron-exon boundaries. Results: Mutations in the RSPO4 gene were identified in all families including a novel missense mutation c.178C>T (p.R60W) and two recurrent variants c.353G>A (p.C118Y) and c.3G>A (p.M1l). The c.3G>A variant was identified in unaffected family members and a control sample in a homozygous state. Conclusions: This study raises to 17 the number of known RSPO4 mutations and further expands the molecular repertoire causing hypo/anonychia. The c.353G>A emerges as a recurrent change with a possible founder effect in the Pakistani population. Our findings suggest that c.3G>A is not sufficient to cause the disorder and could be considered a polymorphism.
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| 24. |
- Lin, Ci, et al.
(författare)
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Improving photocatalytic hydrogen generation of g-C3N4 via efficient charge separation imposed by Bi2O2Se nanosheets
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enabling highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production from solar-driven water splitting is of immense potential and environmental significance. However, the crucial issue of the low utilization efficiency of photogenerated charges in most photocatalysts, such as polymeric graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4 (CN), hampers the overall photocatalytic activity and hinders practical applications. To surmount this parasitic phenomenon, we develop a heterojunction-based strategy that improves the charge separation efficiency in CN. The heterostructure is constructed between thermally exfoliated CN and liquid phase exfoliated Bi2O2Se (BOS) via a solution-phase, electrostatically driven self-assembly process. The properly aligned band positions between the two components create a built-in electric field, which endows the composite with an enhanced charge separation efficiency. The optimized Pt-deposited heterostructure photocatalyst exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 6481 μmol h−1 g−1, and an apparent quantum efficiency of 11.65% at 420 nm, compared to those of Pt-deposited ECN (4595 μmol h−1 g−1, 6.64 %). We validate the efficient charge separation effect and the prolonged lifetime of photogenerated carriers in the heterostructure using a series of comprehensive characterizations across multiple timescales, thus, elucidating the origin of the observed photocatalytic activity. This demonstration offers valuable insights into improving the utilization efficiency of photogenerated charges for photocatalysis by heterostructure engineering with materials of distinct electronic configurations.
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| 25. |
- Mushtaq, Afshan, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of thio-compounds by employing χ-Anderson-type polyoxometalates-porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe environmental sulfur contents due to the consumption of fuels in automobiles and industries resulted in serious health hazards and pollution because of it, desulfurization of diesel become inevitable. Targeting the profound desulfurization of diesel, we performed experiments to deeply desulphurized the thio-compounds by catalytic-oxidative desulfurization technique. We synthesized new metalloporphyrin (C52H36N4O8Sn)4MeO-SnPor which after conversion into (C64H64N8O16Sn)4Tris-SnTP leading towards the synthesis of covalent organic framework [(N(C4H9)4]12[HNC(CH2O)3]4[(CO)4C44H24N4Sn] [NiMo6O18]4(SnTP@NiAdCOF). SnTP@NiAd COF showed the outstanding catalytic property for deep desulfurization of thio-compounds above than 96% of thiobenzoic acid (TB) and 99% of 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) sulfur contents were oxides after 100 min of reaction using H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature with constant stirring. During desulfurization percentage desulfurization efficiency was checked for different time intervals by TLC and further confirmed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatograms indicated that the peak area and peak height of thio-compounds decrease gradually with the passage of reaction time which confirmed the removal of thio-compounds from the reaction mixture. Sulfur contents removed up to 5 ppmw showed excellent catalytic characteristics of synthesized SnTP@NiAdCOF. The exceptional catalytic efficiency of prepared catalyst SnTP@NiAdCOF was because of the existence of active oxidizing centers of χ-NiAd and metalloporphyrin that are MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively. The potential mechanism appeared to be the formation of Mo(O2) and [(Por)SnII–OOH] from MoO and [(Por)SnII], respectively that act as active oxidizing centers and efficiently converted the thio-group into oxides and sulfones. Effective removal of sulfur grants the desulfurization of fuels by using SnTP@NiAdCOF catalyst to lessen the energy expenditure and also to enhance the production of environmentally-safe fuels.
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