| 1. |
- Abdoli, Shiva, et al.
(författare)
-
Analyzing the Environmental Consequences of Production Processes from a System of Systems Perspective : A Case of Gear Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: The 28th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, March 10 – 12, 2021, Jaipur, India. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 98, s. 376-381
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many research studies have been done to investigate different aspects of environmental challenges. In the product development context, there have been attempts to reduce the environmental impacts of associated activities including the production processes themselves. As a result, various technological improvements have been made and new production processes e.g. powder metallurgy technologies have been introduced that may demonstrate a lower environmental footprint compared to conventional processes e.g. cutting machining technologies. However, a production process with a lower environmental impact may lead to reducing the quality/performance attributes of the produced parts (gear) and probably of final products (transmission box). Therefore, the efforts intended to produce more sustainable products by using production processes with less environmental footprints may lead to some unintended consequences such as increased maintenance requirements and/or demand. This is a rebound effect from a system of systems (SoS) perspective. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of more environmentally friendly production processes on the total environmental impact associated with a product given they may have a negative impact on a part/product's quality and performance or usage. This paper introduces a methodological approach to analyze the environmental sustainability of a production process at a SoS level. This is done by including the entire supply chain of a product-system and its interacting systems by using the results of the attributional/consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The approach validity approach is demonstrated in the case of gear manufacturing in the automotive industry.
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| 2. |
- Diegel, Olaf, et al.
(författare)
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Additive manufacturing and its effect on sustainable design
- 2016
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Ingår i: Handbook of Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2345-7651 .- 2345-766X. - 9789811005497 - 9789811005473 ; 1, s. 73-99
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 'Sustainability' is an emerging issue that product development engineers must engage with to remain relevant, competitive and, most importantly, responsible. Yet, on examining the term 'sustainable', a plethora of definitions emerges, many of which are contradictory and confusing. This confusion and a general lack of understanding means that sustainability often gets relegated to an afterthought or a buzz-word used on marketing material, no matter how 'sustainable' the product actually is. The role of the 'sustainable' product developer is to look for new opportunities to design products that minimize harmful effects on the environment and to seek to develop environmental, social, and economically beneficial product solutions. The advent of additive manufacturing technologies presents a number of opportunities that have the potential to benefit designers greatly and contribute to the sustainability of products. Products can be extensively customized for the user, thus potentially increasing their desirability, pleasure and attachment-and therefore longevity. Additive manufacturing technologies have also removed many of the manufacturing restrictions that may previously have compromised a designer's ability to make the product they imagined which, once again, can increase product desirability, pleasure and attachment. As additive manufacturing technologies evolve, design methodologies for lightweighting, such as topology optimization, become more advanced, more new materials become available, and multiple material technologies are developed, the field of product design has the potential for great change. This chapter examines aspects of additive manufacturing from a sustainable design perspective and looks at the potential to create entirely new business models that could bring about the sustainable design of consumer products. It first gives a brief literature review both on sustainable product development and on additive manufacturing, and then examines several case study products that were made with additive manufacturing. It concludes that there is a likelihood that additive manufacturing allows more sustainable products to be developed, but also that more quantifiable research is needed in the area to allow designers to exploit better the features of additive manufacturing that can maximize sustainability.
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| 3. |
- Kianian, Babak
(författare)
-
A comparative cost analysis of conventional wrought steel and powder metallurgy (PM) gear manufacturing technologies
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The transportation industry landscape is going through a massive transformation due to trends such as autonomous and electrified vehicles. The electrification trend has already started to display its ample influence on the automotive industry. New modern power and drivetrains need to be designed and manufactured based on the raising automakers’ requirements e.g. higher performance, better noise vibration harshness (NVH) behaviour. Meanwhile, cost must be minimized in order to obtain or secure market competitiveness.In the highly cost-competitive atmosphere of the manufacturing sector,particularly within the automotive industry, which is the focus of this licentiate,manufacturing firms uninterruptedly seek to develop, adopt and utilise cost models and methods in order to evaluate e.g. their existing production systems or planning new investment for adoption and deployment of new technologies.The industrial case studies, investigated in this licentiate, have gearmanufacturing as the focus. The gear and transmission component manufacturingindustry is an important sector as it provides one of the basic mechanical parts toindustrial segments where motion and power transfer are needed. Two gearmanufacturing techniques namely conventional wrought steel and powdermetallurgy (PM) are compared from a cost perspective. Given the requiredperformance and quality for automotive transmission application, the gearmanufacturing processing routes and their production steps and cost drivers areanalysed and compared through the utilisation of the selected cost model, calledperformance part costing (PPC).The industrial applicability of PPC model is compared with the commonly usedstandard costing, its use and its modified variations among practitioners through the case studies. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed. Given the assumptions made and reported in this licentiate for two different scenarios, the gear manufacturing cost of the analysed PM processing route were 12% to 38% cheaper compared to the conventional wrought steel processing route. However, the acquisition cost for the analysed PM processing route were almost three times higher than that of the conventional wrought steel gear.
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| 4. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Additive Manufacturing Technology Potential: A Cleaner Manufacturing Alternative
- 2016
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 4. - : AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. - 9780791857113
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on an emerging manufacturing technology called Additive Manufacturing (AM) and its potential to become a more efficient and cleaner manufacturing alternative. This work is built around selected case companies, where the benefit of AM compared to other more traditional technologies is studied through the comparison of resource consumption. The resource consumption is defined as raw materials and energy input. The scope of this work is the application of AM in the scale model kit industry. The method used is the life cycle inventory study, which is a subtype of life cycle assessment (LCA). The result of the paper is the quantification of raw materials and energy consumption. The outcomes shows that AM has higher efficiency in terms of materials usage, as a higher proportion of materials ending up in the final product. Injection Molding (IM), on the other hand, wastes a significant proportion of raw materials in components that are not part of the final product. If the same or similar raw materials are used in both manufacturing methods, the advantage is clearly with AM. However, AM has higher energy consumption in comparison to the injection molding technique (IM). In terms of energy consumption, AM only has an advantage in this area when working with a very low production volume. The analysis of the energy consumption shows that most of the energy used in AM is to create the final product, while IM only uses a fraction of the total energy to produce the final product. AM technologies are still very new but have the potential for development and reduction of energy consumption in the future. Added to this potential is the higher materials usage efficiency of AM, which reduce the waste of materials and the energy, embedded in them. These two factors are likely to position AM as cleaner manufacturing alternative.
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| 5. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of manufacturing costs for conventional gear manufacturing processes: a case study of a spur engine gear
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Gear Conference 2018. ; 1, s. 393-402
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents an in-depth manufacturing cost analysis of conventional wrought steel gear manufacturing and a case study of a spur engine gear is evaluated by real usage data, including a benchmark in gear manufacturing cost calculations between the participating company cost calculation method and the model used and developed in this research. The applicability of the developed manufacturing cost model to serve as a backbone of decision-making support system for adoption of new technologies is tested. The results show that both cost models give a relatively similar result but the proposed cost model provides more granularity and strategic prioritisation of possible future optimization strategies through scenario testing.
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| 6. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of manufacturing costs for powder metallurgy (pm) gear manufacturing processes : a case study of a helical drive gear
- 2020
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Ingår i: EcoDesign and Sustainability I : Products, Services, and Business Models - Products, Services, and Business Models. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2194-055X .- 2194-0541. - 9789811567780 - 9789811567797 ; , s. 471-487
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a thorough manufacturing cost analysis for a powder metallurgy (PM) manufactured gear (using press and sintering technique—P/S), through a case study of a R&D 4th drive gear (a helical gearwheel) utilizing both real usage data from six companies and some estimated data from literatures. The chosen costs calculation method, performance part costing (PPC), is comprehensive and designed to follow the manufacturing process routes. The result is an excel based cost calculation tool for analysis of performance driven manufacturing costs for use by practitioners with the capability of serving as a decision support system (DSS) in production development issues. The impacts of three scenarios of (1) gear rolling process automation, (2) overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) parameters improvement and (3) increase in energy price on the total PM gear manufacturing costs are simulated, results are presented and discussed, sensitivity analyses are performed, and outcomes are further discussed.
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| 7. |
- Kianian, Babak
(författare)
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Comparing acquisition and operation life cycle costs of powder metallurgy and conventional wrought steel gear manufacturing techniques
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 52nd CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems (CMS), Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 12-14, 2019. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 81, s. 1101-1106
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive industry has striven for fuel economy and resource efficiency through the deployment of powder metallurgy (PM) manufacturing processes for few decades. However, PM technology for transmission gears is currently only used at a small scale within the automotive industry. This is mainly due to: its shortcomings in material properties and performance gaps for final parts; lack of advancement in pressing technologies (dimensional limitation); lack of data availability (e.g. on materials, load capacity calculations; gear design experimental confirmation); premature failed attempts on PM gears; economics of scale and large initial capital investments. This article reviews the current state of the art of PM gear manufacturing technology highlighting an important gap in technical and financial data availability for PM gear economic analysis. Thus, this study seeks to give some empirical evidence of the economic aspects of PM gear manufacturing. Data availability is still the major challenge with respect to PM cost calculations thus further studies are needed to quantify both the economic and non-economic benefits e.g., sustainability, noise vibration harshness (NVH) of PM adoption.
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| 8. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing life cycle costing and performance part costing in assessing acquisition and operational cost of new manufacturing technologies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 80, s. 428-433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even if practitioners want to adopt new manufacturing technologies, there is a lack of comprehensive tools to support their decisions, regarding both cost and sustainability. This paper reviews and compares the practical use of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) with a performance part costing (PPC) model, chosen based upon the criteria of providing in-depth analysis capabilities and the prospect of integrating cost and sustainability assessment. A case study of a Swedish gear manufacturer is selected, where the company investigates adoption of a new manufacturing technology. Since, this type of decision requires heavy investments e.g. in new machines, tools, linking performance with costs would be a prerequisite for performing well-informed decisions. Based on interviews, the level of detail requirements e.g., performance indicators, when acquiring new technologies are identified. LCC model cost parameters are compared with the PPC cost drivers and the data availability and estimation are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
-
Manufacturing Renaissance : Return of manufacturing to western countries
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing Renaissance, i.e. return of manufacturing to west, has been recently observed. This paper analyzes the patterns observed within each of the four main drivers behind this new phenomenon and delves more deeply into the driver that centers on the new manufacturing technologies such as Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Printing. Next, this paper will make the case that the location of manufacturing will be in west, relying on the established theory that has been able to explain the location of manufacturing, i.e. Product Life Cycle Model (PLC).
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| 10. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability-Conscious Powder Metallurgy Gear Manufacturing: an analysis of current manufacturing challenges
- 2017
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Ingår i: VDI-Verlag GmbH. - 0083-5560. - 9783180922942 ; , s. 1251-1264
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims at mapping the challenges of the state of the art of conventional and powder metallurgy (PM) gear manufacture in order to provide knowledge on what parameters need to be considered when modelling the cost and benefit analysis relating to sustainability. An exploratory case study was designed where a series of interviews aimed to identify the complete set of operational steps for both conventional and powder manufacturing of gears in depth, as well as challenges experienced by practitioners aligned to both manufacturing principles. The interview results identified three technical and four non-technical barriers to adoption of PM manufacturing technology for gears. Some of the existing strategies and solutions to the identified hurdles are presented. A gap is identified in the existing strategies and some suggestions in order to tackle the challenges and bridge the gap are put forward.
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| 11. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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The Adoption of Additive Manufacturing Technology in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 2329-7662 .- 2329-7670. ; 2:4, s. 152-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes the adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in Sweden. The data set consists of a recent and representative sample of Swedish AM users (companies, universities, and research institutes). The authors investigate two questions. First, what are the current applications of AM in Sweden (e.g., rapid prototyping [RP], production)? Second, what are the factors that can explain the variation in AM adoption among the users? Using a regression analysis technique, the main findings are as follows. (i) There is a variation among users' choice of AM application, and the majority of users are expanding their AM applications beyond RP. (ii) There are two factors that positively affect the decision of firms to expand classical RP and incorporate production and management as well. These two factors are using multiple AM technologies (as opposed to single fused deposition modeling technology) being small companies. The authors discuss the implication of these results.
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| 12. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
-
The Adoption of Additive Manufacturing Technology in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing - Decoupling Growth from Resource Use 2015. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. - 9781510820722 ; 40, s. 7-12, s. 7-12
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the adoption of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies in Sweden. The dataset consists of a recent and representative sample of Swedish AM users (companies, universities, and research institutes). The authors investigate two questions. Firstly, what are the current applications of AM in Sweden (e.g. Rapid Prototyping (RP), production)? Secondly, what are the factors that can explain the variation in AM adoption among the users? Using a regression analysis technique, the main findings are as follows. (i) There is a variation among users' choice of AM application, and the majority of users are expanding their AM applications beyond RP. (ii) There are two factors that positively affect the decision of firms to expand classical RP and also incorporate production and management. These two factors are using multiple AM technologies (as opposed to single Fused Deposition Modeling technology) and being small companies. The authors discuss the implication of these results.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kianian, Babak, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Additive Manufacturing Technology in job creation : an exploratory case study of suppliers of Additive Manufacturing in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 93-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- his paper investigates how Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, as a process innovation, may contribute to a job creation. Further, the various mechanisms in which AM may contribute to an increase in job creation as well as the types of jobs are analyzed. The analysis also goes beyond AM technologies and incorporates other non-technological factors which foster job creation, i.e. higher wages in BRIC countries, lower quality in BRIC countries, and a rising demand for western-made products. The analysis is based on a case study and the data collected was through interviews with three prominent actors within the AM technologies field in Sweden: technology developers, leading suppliers and users. The main findings indicate that AM (i) contributes to job creation in both the manufacturing sector and in the service sector, (ii) does not bring back mass production jobs from emerging economies such as BRIC, (iii) contributes to job creation in product development stages (e.g. rapid prototyping), and (iv) contributes to job creation in production stages of low-volume batches mainly of complex products. The findings also suggest there are barriers for full exploitation of AM in several areas, including education systems.
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| 15. |
- Kianian, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Towards guidelines for selection of production performance indicators to measure sustainability performance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; 25, s. 570-577
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper's main aim is to review and compare sustainability frameworks and models aiming to propose an overarching strategic planning process for selection of sustainable production (SP) indicators within the manufacturing sector, which point toward radical, systematic and goal-oriented changes. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development is selected as a conceptual model to guide strategic decision-making support for sustainability KPIs selection. The main outcome, the conceptual model, and its validity in a future study will be tested and used to offer decision-support to case organizations e.g. gear manufacturers and the results will be compared with other leading SP indicator sets. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Kianian, Babak
(författare)
-
Wohlers Report 2016: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry, Annual Worldwide Progress Report : Chapter title: The Middle East
- 2016. - 21
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wohlers Associates, Inc., recognized widely as the leading consulting firm and preeminent authority on additive manufacturing and 3D printing worldwide—terms that are used interchangeably—today announced the publication of the Wohlers Report 2016. The 2016 edition marks the 21st consecutive year of its availability. According to Wohlers Report 2016, the additive manufacturing (AM) industry, consisting of all AM products and services worldwide, grew 25.9% (CAGR) to $5.165 billion in 2015. The CAGR for the previous three years was 31.5%. Over the past 27 years, the CAGR for the industry is an impressive 26.2%. The annual state-of-the-industry report is highly anticipated by industry insiders and knowledgeable observers because its analysis is based on more than 20 years of data from companies in the AM industry. For Wohlers Report 2016, input was collected from 51 industrial system manufacturers, 98 service providers, 15 third-party material producers, and many manufacturers of low-cost desktop 3D printers. The effort also included contributions from 80 experts in 33 countries. No other published analysis of the AM industry is supported by two decades of hard data, or the knowledge gained from it, as the basis for computing growth, analyzing trends, and forecasting the future. Wohlers Associates reports that, despite challenges, growth continued in many segments of the diverse industry, particularly in metal AM and the desktop 3D printer segments. In 2015, 62 manufacturers sold industrial-grade AM systems (valued at more than $5,000), compared to 49 in 2014, and twice as many as the 31 companies that sold industrial systems in 2011. All of these companies, and many others, are profiled in Wohlers Report 2016. Wohlers Report 2016 is an excellent educational tool and a powerful reference. It provides an in-depth review and analysis of the industry worldwide. It includes growth, competitive products and services, and the future outlook for the industry. The report covers the technology's history, applications, processes, materials, and equipment manufacturers. It thoroughly documents developments in R&D, investment and collaborative activities in government, academia, and industry. The report brings to light the rich range of technologies, markets, and business models that are emerging within the industry.
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| 17. |
- Kianian, Babak
(författare)
-
Wohlers Report 2017: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry, Annual Worldwide Progress Report : Chapters titles: The Middle East, and other countries
- 2017. - 22
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wohlers Associates, Inc., recognized widely as the leading consulting firm and top authority on additive manufacturing and 3D printing worldwide—terms that are used interchangeably—today announced the publication of the Wohlers Report 2017. This edition marks the 22nd consecutive year of the undisputed industry-leading report.According to Wohlers Report 2017, 97 manufacturers produced and sold additive manufacturing (AM) systems in 2016. This is up from 62 companies in 2015 and 49 in 2014. These manufacturers are providing interesting products and unprecedented competition in the AM industry. This wave of development and commercialization is putting pressure on the established producers of AM systems.The AM industry grew by 17.4% in worldwide revenues in 2016, down from 25.9% the year before, according to the new report. Much of the downturn came from declines by the two largest system manufacturers in the business. Together, they represent $1.31 billion (21.7%) of the $6.063 billion AM industry, according to Wohlers Report 2017. If these two companies were excluded from the analysis, the industry would have grown by 24.9%.Each year, the Wohlers Report is anticipated by industry insiders and knowledgeable observers because the analysis it provides is based on many years of data. For Wohlers Report 2017, input was collected from 100 service providers, 61 industrial system manufacturers, and 19 producers of third-party materials and low-cost desktop 3D printers.Separately, 76 experts and organizations in 31 countries contributed information and insight to the new publication. No other published analysis of the AM industry is supported by so much hard data, coupled with such a strong group of specialists worldwide. Together, they form the basis for computing growth, analyzing trends, and forecasting the future.Wohlers Report 2017 is an excellent learning tool and a powerful reference. It provides an in-depth review and analysis of growth, competitive products and services, and the future outlook for the industry. It covers the technology's history, applications, materials, processes, and equipment manufacturers. The report documents R&D, investment, and activities in government, academia, and industry. It brings to light the changing range of AM technologies, markets, and business models.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nopparat, Nanond, et al.
(författare)
-
Resource Consumption in Additive Manufacturing with a PSS Approach
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1980’s, additive manufacturing (AM) has gradually advanced from rapid prototyping applications towards fabricating end consumer products. Many small companies may prefer accessing AM technologies through service providers offering production services as result-oriented Industrial Product-Service System (IPSS) rather than investing in their own production line. This study investigated potential benefits of IPSS using system dynamics modeling to study resource demands between two situations: one where an IPSS approach is used and one that is the traditional ownership of production equipment. This study concluded that AM service providers with demand-varying customers could increase service performance and maximize use of production equipment.
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| 21. |
- Nopparat, Nanond, et al.
(författare)
-
Resource Consumption in Additive Manufacturing with a PSS Approach
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Philosopher's Stone for Sustainability. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642328466 - 9783642328473 ; , s. 357-362
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1980’s, additive manufacturing (AM) has gradually advanced from rapid prototyping applications towards fabricating end consumer products. Many small companies may prefer accessing AM technologies through service providers offering production services as result-oriented Industrial Product-Service System (IPSS) rather than investing in their own production line. This study investigated potential benefits of IPSS using system dynamics modelling to study resource demands between two situations: one where an IPSS approach is used and one that is the traditional ownership of production equipment. This study concluded that AM service providers with demand-varying customers could increase service performance and maximise use of production equipment.
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| 22. |
- Rai, Chinthan, et al.
(författare)
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Additive Manufacturing Decision Support Systems : A Systematic Literature Review Discerning Current and Future Directions
- 2022
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Ingår i: SPS 2022 - Proceedings of the 10th Swedish Production Symposium. - 2352-7528 .- 2352-751X. - 9781614994398 ; 21, s. 553-565
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) was introduced the 1980's for rapid prototyping (RP) purposes but now AM provides complementary techniques to conventional manufacturing processes and offers advantages when components can be exacting, impossible, and too costly to be produced by conventional methods due to complex structures and geometric configurations, which require tailored designs. They are also often mass-customized components, with custom-made properties and low volume production requirements making AM the 'technology of choice' since its added-value aspects cannot be achieved by any other manufacturing technologies. These advancements in manufacturing, demand standardized fact-based decision support systems (DSSs), to support AM practitioners in their task selecting the most suitable techniques for given applications. Hence, this paper aims to increase the understanding of what - of how - DSSs are used in selecting and utilizing AM in various applications. This paper's core message, considering practical implications, is to guide and support AM researchers with an overview of the DSSs for AM landscape. This paper presents and compares different models and tools classified within four categories used as DSS for AM and identifies their advantages and disadvantages by conducting a 3-step systematic literature review (SLR). A total of 388 literatures were initially retrieved, and according to an inclusion criteria analysis, the literatures were evaluated. This is the first SLR emphasizing and synthesizing obtainable literatures on AM DSS. Until now, this topic has acquired narrow exploration; however, the authors believe it is of rapidly growing importance to both scientists and practitioners.
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| 23. |
- Ståhl, Jan-Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-based pricing for learning organizations – a model presentation and demonstration
- 2018
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 239-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A price can be set in different ways for a manufactured component, most commonly based on estimated manufacturing costs, market intelligence, and market adopted pricing or customer value. Pricing is one of the key factors when selecting subcontractors in the manufacturing sector. As a subcontractor, there are certain risks connected with pricing of a product, too low pricing leads to losses, whereas too high pricing can result in failure to receive orders. A model for cost-based pricing is developed and presented based on a cost-breakdown approach. Data from industry is used for both model demonstration and analyses of data accuracy.
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| 24. |
- Tavassoli, Sam, et al.
(författare)
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Adoption and Diffusion of Disruptive Technologies : The Case of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Technology Industry in Australia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainable Manufacturing - Hand in Hand to Sustainability on Globe: Proceedings of the 17th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 43, s. 18-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides the preliminary findings of a newly granted two-year project investigating the adoption of disruptive technologies, by focusing on the case of additive manufacturing (AM) in the medical technology (MedTech) industry, particularly implant applications. This is done by (I) stakeholder mapping of the industry in Australia. This included members of industry, researchers, academics, regulatory experts and MedTech consultants. (II) Identifying the top four major opportunity areas in which innovation can foster the adoption of AM implants, them being developments in Materials Science, Technology, Business Models, and Regulation & Quality Management. (III) Identifying and discussing the barriers in realizing such opportunity areas in practice, and finally (IV) recommending solutions based on the discussion and understanding of the proposed barriers that are hindering the widespread adoption and diffusion of 3-D printed medical implants. The impact of the project will be to unlock the potential of AM applications in the medical technology, which will benefit potential new entrants to the industry, incumbent firms, health care system, and patients in Australia.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Windmark, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of a cost-model on sustainability for a proposal for a framework for the evaluation of sustainable manufacturing
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - 1750-0591. ; 15:1, s. 22-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A process-oriented, performance-based cost-model for manufactured parts has been assessed in its ability to capture sustainability. Literature has been reviewed and found 108 sustainability indicators, which have been compared with the input parameters in the cost-model. Based on a gap analysis, a framework for sustainable production evaluation has been developed. The framework considers performance-based production costs of a product, along with overhead costs, and selling price, giving the product surplus. Additionally, there is a spider-web chart of sustainable factors presenting current state and target values of the product's sustainability. The framework has mainly been developed for SME's boards, but also for production managers in larger firms. Hopefully, this framework will help companies assess their sustainability, with respect to economy, the environment and social responsibility, contributing to a small part of the efforts needed to provide a more sustainable world for the future.
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