| 1. |
- Andersson, Alf, et al.
(författare)
-
Inline Process Control – a concept study of efficient in-line process control and process adjustment with respect to product geometry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium 2016 SPS 2016. - Lund, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All manufacturing processes have variation which may violate the fulfillment of assembly, functional, geometrical or esthetical requirements and difficulties to reach desired form in all areas. The cost for geometry defects rises downstream in the process chain. Therefore, it is vital to discover these defects as soon as they appear. Then adjustments can be done in the process without losing products or time. In order to find a solution for this, a project with the overall scope “development of an intelligent process control system” has been initiated. This project consists of five different work packages: Inline measurement, Process Evaluation, Corrective actions, Flexible tooling and demonstrator cell. These work packages address different areas which are necessary to fulfill the overall scope of the project. The system shall both be able to detect geometrical defects, propose adjustments and adjust simple process parameters. The results are demonstrated in a demo cell located at Chalmers University of Technology. In the demonstrator all the different areas have been verified in an industrial case study – assembly of GOR Volvo S80. Efficient offline programming for robot based measurement, efficient process evaluation based on case base reasoning (CBR) methodology, flexible fixtures and process adjustments based on corrective actions regarding in going part positioning.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Erdem, Ilker, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel comparative design procedure for reconfigurable assembly fixtures
- 2017
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Ingår i: CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1755-5817 .- 1878-0016. ; 19, s. 93-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While market requirements demand that manufacturing systems increase their responsiveness, assembly fixtures remain limited in corresponding to the same demand. Fixture designers as practitioners are left without guidance to design reconfigurable fixtures. This study proposes a comparative design procedure for reconfigurable assembly fixtures that can adapt to manufacturing system characteristics by using efficiency metrics. In this study, a theoretical analysis based on manufacturing systems is presented to establish efficiency metrics. Later, these metrics are utilized in a design procedure that offers guidance and determines the efficiency of fixtures in conceptual and detailed design stages. Finally, an experimental verification is presented.
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| 4. |
- Erdem, Ilker, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Affordable Reconfigurable Tooling in Car Manufacturing Cells – A Case Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: 23rd International Conference for Production Research, ICPR 2015, Manila, Philippines, 2-6 August 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assembly fixtures are one of the cost driving factors in automotive industry. Previous research have shown that the utilization of affordable reconfigurable tooling (ART) can be a key-enabling technology to reduce the cost and lead times. Inspired by the research results, Volvo Cars Corporation initiated an automated process control project, the aim of which is the automatic inspection and correction of the defects in Body in White (BIW). The project comprises of three stages – the first of which is the in-line measurement of BIW. Then, the results of measurements are transferred to a common database where process evaluation through case-based reasoning suggests corrective actions on the fixture. The last stage involves the development of flexible tooling to meet these changes in a cost and time effective way. Hence, the aim of this paper is to present preliminary results on the development and implementation of ART as flexible tooling.
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| 5. |
- Erdem, Ilker, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Automated Flexible Tooling as Enabler in Wing Box Assembly
- 2016
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 233-238
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible tooling has been a focal point of investigation for various industries with an emphasis on cost and time effectiveness. Previous research has shown that when combined with the general requirements of tooling such as rigidness and repeatability, the implementation of flexibility can be a very daunting task. Therefore, LOCOMACHS (Low Cost Manufacturing and Assembly of Composite and Hybrid Structures) project has dedicated a work package for the creation of an automated flexible tooling to meet the demands of future aerospace production. The work package focuses on a creation of a tooling technology that can facilitate the process requirements of an automated wing-assembly by using flexible tooling and intelligence support from a force sensor. Hence, this paper aims to present the framework for automated flexible tooling development and results on a hexapod fixture as a case study.
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| 6. |
- Erdem, Ilker, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Feedforward control for oscillatory signal tracking using Hilbert transform
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0947-3580. ; 50, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents feedforward control for oscillatory signal tracking using Hilbert transform. The proposed controller utilizes Hilbert transform and analysis techniques to determine the signal's amplitude, frequency, and phase. By using the frequency response of the linear time-invariant process model, an amplified and phase-shifted feedforward signal is reconstructed. The proposed controller also analyzes the system response to determine the differences from the model to modify the feedforward signal. Simulation experiments with multicomponent stationary, amplitude-, and frequency-modulated signals are also conducted. The results show that using an amplified and phase-shifted signal determined by Hilbert analysis can enable an effective tracking performance.
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| 7. |
- Erdem, Ilker, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Workpiece force and position control for active and flexible fixtures in assembly
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 112:1-2, s. 333-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With strengthening focus on digitalization and flexibility, active and flexible fixtures can provide the right tools for manufacturing systems. However, fixturing solutions are often too individualized for processes and need a universal approach. Firstly, a system formulation of multiple workpieces interacting with each other is presented. Secondly, strategies for direct and indirect force control along with their characteristics have been developed. The stability of assembly of force-controlled components has been analyzed, and certain key characteristics have been presented. The position control under different signal types, including oscillatory, have been discussed. Finally, a set of experiments have been conducted for performance evaluation.
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| 8. |
- Herbertsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconfigurable aircraft assembly : using industrial robots and new tooling to meet future production scenarios
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd ISR (International Symposium on Robotics).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of a new concept for aircraft airframe assembly tooling. While conventional aircraft assembly tooling relics on rigid steel frames this novel approach can be re-con figured for different products by the help of an accurate laser tracker guided industrial robot. Through this, aircraft manufacturers can better cope with an increased number of variants and smaller volumes which will increase the already high tooling costs. So far in the project a tooling concept has been conceptually designed and economically evaluated. The early technical results of the concepntal work indicate that the concept will work provided that enough mechanical stiffness can be obtained. The economical analysis shows that despite a much higher investment cost, a reconfigurable tool can be economical if it will replace 4-5 conventional tools. In certain future production scenarios reconfigurable tooling can play a very important role to keep the tooling costs down.
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| 9. |
- Jonsson, Marie, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an automated reconfigurable device for affordable fixturing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Production Research (ICPR2011), 31st July - 4th August, Stuttgart, Germany. - 3839602939 - 9783839602935
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fixtures are used in manufacturing to hold and position products or workpieces. Linköping University has over a period of several years developed an approach to flexible fixturing that relies on an outer measuring system to ensure accuracy rather than the more common approaches of high internal accuracy or a built-in chain of tolerances. The Linköping system fuses modularity, a rebuildable framework, with reconfigurability, through the means of adjustable devices. To address the need for speed in reconfiguration an automated approach has been developed as a proof-ofconcept. The system consists of electrical motors attached to the legs of the Flexapod 6, a PC, controller cards and an external measuring system. The measuring system feeds information to the PC that is utilized to calculate desired leg length using a Visual Basic program that communicates with CATIA V5. This program then sets signals to the motor controller cards which run the actuators. Due to the motors used the accuracy achieved are in the range of +/-0.15 mm but this may be enhanced with other types of motors developed for higher strengthrather than speed. The system can be further developed by having the actuators as the actual legs of the Flexapod, making it a cheaper Hexapod robot. The paper presents the automated Flexapod 6 in the current system along with possible further development.
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| 10. |
- Jonsson, Marie, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Fixture design using Configurators
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 Swedish Production Symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design and manufacture of fixtures are among one of the major cost drivers in product industrialization. Modular or reconfigurable fixture solutions that may be adapted to encompass a large variety of parts or products have been researched and employed in applications ranging from machining to assembly. These solutions have not only the potential to reduce fixture manufacturing cost, but they also render it possible for different solutions to facilitate and speed up actual design work. The process of designing fixtures today is complicated, time consuming and require long experience by the tool designer. In this paper we present the Configurator approach - add on programs to the CAD-software which aids the designer in the design process. The Configurators are semi-automated and interactive, designed to use in compliance with the ART-concept, a reconfigurable fixture concept for assembly applications. The Configurator approach has been tested on industrial cases and parts of the results are presented in this paper.
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| 11. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
6DOF metrology-integrated robot control
- 2003
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - Montreal, QC, Canada : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0148-7191.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes ongoing research into Metrology-integrated robot control. The research is a part of an ongoing EU funded aircraft industry project – ADFAST*. The ADFAST project tries to implement the use of industrial robots in low-volume production, high-demand-on-accuracy operations and for dynamic force compensation. To detect and compensate deflection in industrial robots during a process, the robot uses a metrology system. The metrology system supervises the tool center point of the robot as it executes its processes. Leica has recently released a new metrology system; the LTD800, which measures distances with laser interferometry and can simultaneously measure orientation of targets, through photogrammetry, using an additional camera on top of the measuring unit. This paper will describe theory and results from tests performed on integrating the LTD800 with the robot.
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| 12. |
- Kihlman, Henrik
(författare)
-
Affordable automation for airframe assembly : developing of key enabling technologies
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Building aircraft is a challenging field. An aircraft has a life expectancy of 40 years, compared to just 10 years for a car. Given the vibrations of flying at close to Mach one at an altitude of 10,000 meters, these machines must function flawlessly in a tough environment. This demands high quality in the assembly processes. The typical part joining process in the automotive industry is welding, whereas in the aircraft industry, assembly is made through drilling, followed by fastening. The typical tolerances for part location in aircraft assembly, as well as for hole drilling, is +/- 0.2 mm.This dissertation discusses the use of industrial robots, widely used for welding and pick-and-place operation for automotive industry, in the automation of the aircraft industry, and specifically for the drilling of holes in the assembly process of airframe parts. The dissertation presents how a new drilling technology called orbital drilling is incorporated with and industrial robot. Orbital drilling reduces the cutting forces up to ten times compared to conventional drilling using a spiral cutter.The robot is also utilized for performing changeovers between different airframe structure types. A novel jointed reconfigurable tooling system called Affordable Reconfigurable Tooling (ART) is presented, which uses the robot to reconfigure flexible fixture modules. The ART system can also be rebuilt, which means that the tool is dismantled and reused for a completely different product family (e.g. wings, fins or fuselage sections). This is made possible through a modular framework, i.e. not welded as with conventional tooling, but rather jointed by screws.Robots, originally developed for the automotive industry, have an accuracy which is ten times less accurate than that required for aerospace applications. To help meet this limitation in the use of robots in aircraft assembly, an additional metrology system, used in the aircraft industry for calibrating assembly tooling, is integrated into the robot controller. The feedback loop enables the robot to be positioned to ±0.05 mm absolute accuracy. This integration is made possible by existing embedded software packages for the robot and the metrology system.The processes in the system are programmed in a software package with an intuitive user interface in a 3D-environment, normally used for the offline-programming of robots in automotive industry. The planning is intuitive, and an approach towards a process planning abstraction level is presented where processes are defined directly on the coordinate frames constituting the robot trajectories and manual operations. Tolerance on accuracy requirements are dynamically programmed in the same environment. The metrology system, working online with the robot controller, eliminates most of the calibration work required in traditional robot programming. Changes in the operation planning take less than a minute to run physically with the best tolerance.
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| 13. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-
(författare)
-
Affordable reconfigurable assembly tooling : an aircraft development and manufacturing perspective
- 2002
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industry has changed in recent years. Increased globalization has led to a situation where few manufacturers build their own complete products "in-house". This situation is no different in the aerospace industry. In fact, aircraft manufacturers who build their complete aircraft in house are uncommon today. Aircraft manufacturers have, more and more, become specialists in limited areas of development and manufacturing. As specialists, aircraft manufacturers have focused on a narrow field of product categories. It would be a great advantage if these manufacturers had an assembly system that could produce several kinds of product categories using the same production equipment, instead of having one dedicated piece of equipment for each assembly.Today, the most common solution for aircraft assembly is Conventional Tooling (CT). CT is based on the same principles used during the early days of aircraft assembly tooling. The main principle of CT is that the fixture/tool is fabricated according to the shape of the workpiece, and that every assembly to be built requires its own unique tool. The problem with this type of tooling, however, is that developing one tool for each assembly is expensive and takes up a lot of storage space.The next generation of aircraft will be more advanced than their predecessors as world-class aircraft manufacturer employ the newest technologies in every new aircraft they manufacture. Building an advanced product like an aircraft involves continuous changes, both in the development of new aircraft and in the development of manufacturing technologies for the serial manufacture of aircraft. One of the main challenges for tomorrow' s aircraft industry will be to develop assembly systems that can manage changes within one product. Aircraft manufacturers would also benefit from using the same flexible assembly equipment for many product types, since product volumes in the aircraft industry are much smaller than in other industries.This thesis presents the theory of Conventional Tooling and its advantages and limitations, as well as new solutions. Given the advantages from both Conventional Tooling and the new tooling methods, together with general aircraft assembly requirements, a synthesizes has been made which has resulted in a new concept called Affordable Reconfigurable (Assembly) Tooling (ART). ART is based on using a robot to reconfigure the moveable fixturing units, called Dynamic Modules. The Dynamic Modules can also be detached from the Static Framework and attached again in a new configuration. Reconfiguration enables the ART concept to make changeovers between product types within a product family, and modularity enables the tool to be rebuilt between product families. The conclusion of this thesis is that if the enabling technologies work, i.e. if the technical solutions for ART are feasible, then the ART concept could represent a promising solution for manufacturers striving to meet future requirements for aircraft manufacturing in a turbulent globalized marketplace.
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| 14. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Affordable reconfigurable tooling
- 2002
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0148-7191.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the early days of aircraft assembly, welded steel structures called Conventional Tooling has been used for positioning and holding parts in place during assembly. This paper presents a new tooling concept called Affordable Reconfigurable Tooling, where a robot is not only used for drilling and riveting but also for reconfiguring the tool itself. The concept consists of modular units that can either be reconfigured between products of the same family of assembly or rebuilt between product families. The research is part of an ongoing EU-founded aircraft industry project - ADFAST*.
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| 15. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Flexapods - Flexible Tooling at SAAB for Building the NEURON Aircraft
- 2010
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building prototype aircrafts is costly in tooling especially since only one aircraft is being built. Today's most common tooling strategy is to weld together a beam framework. Welded framework solutions have long lead times both in design and manufacturing and once the aircraft is assembled the tool becomes obsolete. Flexible tooling strategy uses non-welded tooling thus it can be changed and re-used for future products. Early version of a new aircraft model is always hampered by frequent changes in its design, which is cumbersome to handle in a welded framework solution. This paper presents a flexible assembly tooling solutions based on Flexapods and BoxJoint. The Flexapods are commercialized reconfigurable tooling units that are manually adjusted injunction with a laser tracker to a final positional accuracy of +/? 0,05 mm absolute accuracy. An operator software program called the Flexapod control panel collect metrology data in real-time and an operator screen show graphics on how to manually jog the Flexapod joints to reach the final Cartesian 3D-coordinate. The Flexapods are installed in a modular steel based framework solution called BoxJoint. A complete PLM package has been developed for the solution where the Flexapods are configured in CATIA using an add-on package to CATIA called the Flexapod configurator. All CATIA data is stored in ENOVIA. Once the Flexapod fixture is designed in CATIA a file, containing all Cartesian coordinates of the Flexapods, is exported and loaded into the Flexapod control panel on the workshop floor. A previous paper on the Flexapod as an early concept and a paper on BoxJoint have been presented at SAE Aerofast. This paper follows up on these results and presents a case study at SAAB Aeronautics for implementing the first industrial solution of Flexapods to build the military unmanned aerial vehicle - nEURON.
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| 16. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible Fixtures with Low Cost and Short Lead Times
- 2006
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents preliminary result in a flexible fixture solution for airframe assembly comprising a modular steel framework called Box-joint and flexible tooling modules called Hexapods. The solution is comprises a framework that is screwed together instead of welding beams together, which enables re-building the framework when performing change-over in a more extensive reconfiguration. The Hexapods are parallel legged passive fixture stands that can change their configuration to facilitate easy setup in a change-over between handle different assemblies. A solution to configure the Hexapods manually is described. The investment cost can be kept low by using a metrology system to provide for high accuracy in the tool configuration process instead of using precision parts in the fixture system.
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| 17. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Low-cost automation for aircraft assembly
- 2004
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper solution for low-cost automation of aircraft assembly is presented. The concept of this development is closely related to "Lean Automation", which in this case concerns the use of modern standard equipment such as standard robots, PC-computers and a newlydeveloped spatial sensor system for prec1s1on measurements of positions. The robot is used to perform reconfiguration of tooling modules that arepossible to be configured/reconfigured in six degrees of freedom. A prototype developed as the result of an EU-project called ADFAST* has been evaluated at Linköping University in Sweden. Technical functionality is reported where the robot manages to configure the flexible tooling modules to a total error bellow 50 μm. This paper presents the resu~s on the portion of the project addressing robot, metrology system and tooling.
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| 18. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Metrology-integrated industrial robots : calibration, implementation and testing
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 35th ISR (International Symposium on Robotics).
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents integration of a metrology system and an industrial robot. The metrology system consists of a laser tracker that measures the distance to a prism with high accuracy and a camera that through photogrammetry measures the orientation of a reflector. Both laser prism and camera reflector is integrated to a 6D-Reflector that is attached close to the TCP of an industrial robot. Tracker and robot is connected to a PC on a TCP/IP network. The PC takes measurements with the tracker, and thereby compensates the robot to reach high absolute accuracy in the robot positioning (+/-50 μm). The 6D-Reflector has multi-functionality and simplifies calibration procedures. This paper explains the architecture of the system and the methods for calibration.
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| 19. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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On the Use of Force Feedback for Cost Efficient Robotic Drilling
- 2007
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - Los Angeles, CA, US : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0148-7191.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Drilling is one of the most costly and labour-intensive operations in aircraft assembly. Rather than automating with expensive fixtures and precise machinery, our approach is to make use of standard low-cost robot equipment in combination with sensor feedback. The focus is to eliminate the sliding movement of the end-effector during the clamp-up, called the skating effect, and to keep the end-effector orthogonal to the surface, thus avoiding holes that are not perpendicular. To that end, force feedback is used for building up pressure to clamp up an end-effector to the work-piece surface prior to drilling. The system, including the planning of force parameters for each hole to be drilled, was programmed in DELMIA. The drilling was accomplished with the aid of an extension to the ABB Rapid language called ExtRapid, which is an XML-like code that is interpreted by the force feedback controller downstream in the process. Although experimental results are from drilling, the conceptual idea is believed to be useful in many other applications requiring external sensor feedback control of industrial robots.
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| 20. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Orbital drilling : implementation and evaluation
- 2004
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with issues about Orbital drilling implementation and evaluation. The paper summarizes and includes the so far written papers about Orbital drilling.
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| 21. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-
(författare)
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Reconfigurable tooling for airframe assembly : a state-of-the-art review of the related literature and a short presentation of a new tooling concept
- 2001
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the early days of aircraft manufacturing Dedicated Tooling has been used in the assembly process to ensure the attainment of assembly tolerances and product quality. Dedicated Tooling clamps the aircraft parts to be assembled into the jig to enable assembly by riveting. However, increased competition in the aircraft industry has driven the need to improve quality while reducing cost and in turn the need for innovative solutions to accomplish this.In this review paper the possibility of using metrology to increase the position accuracy in robotics will be examined. This is necessary to be able to use robotics in assembly of aircraft parts with the appropriate accuracy. Also, because of the small product volumes in the aircraft industry, the jigs must be flexible in order to assemble more than one structure in each jig. Solving these two problems could be the break through for starting to use robotics in aircraft assembly at a higher rate, and doing so in a cost-effective way.By then reviewing literature of today's flexible tooling technology in the aircraft industry, the conclusion indicates that there is a gap to fill in aircraft assembly tooling. Modular Tools is one solution where standard aluminium profiles are used to manufacture jigs with some degree of flexibility. Another way is pogo fixturing, which uses sticks to hold airframe parts together in the assembly process. The sticks can only be reconfigured in a limited range, and are not cost-effective. By using Affordable Reconfigurable Tooling, the jigs will not only have greater ability to be reconfigured, but by using robotics for the reconfiguration task as well as for drilling, riveting and other material handling tasks, the system will also be cost effective.
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| 22. |
- Kihlman, Henrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Robotic orbital drilling of structures for aerospace applications
- 2002
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - Chester, United Kingdom : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0148-7191.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes ongoing research into orbital drilling using standard industrial robots. The research is a part of an ongoing EU funded aircraft industry project - ADFAST*. Generally it is difficult to use standard industrial robots to automate drilling in the aerospace industry. The stiffness of the standard robotic device is not sufficient to resist the deflections caused by the cutting forces from the drilling process, therefore it is difficult to achieve the tight hole tolerance requirements. Orbital drilling creates lower axial cutting forces compared to conventional drilling and therefore allows the use of low-cost standard industrial robots for drilling holes within the required hole tolerances. This paper presents results from a study where forces, moments and dislocations produced during orbital- and conventional drilling have been measured.
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| 23. |
- Millar, Alison, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfigurable Flexible Tooling for Aerospace Wing Assembly
- 2009
-
Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0148-7191.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, in the civil aerospace industry, assembly fixtures are large, bespoke, permanent structures that are costly to both design and manufacture. Additionally, the time to design, manufacture and install a large fixture can be significant with lead times in excess of 24 months. Within Airbus Operations Ltd there is a requirement to reduce non-recurring costs, reduce the time to market and improve the capacity and flexibility of equipment. This means that while the costs and lead times must be reduced, the utilisation of the tooling should be increased. Flexible and reconfigurable fixtures have not yet been deployed within Airbus Operations Ltd due to the assembly sizes and complex component configurations. However, they offer the potential for reducing costs by utilising off the shelf components. Using standard parts and implementing design tools can reduce the design time. The reconfigurable and flexible nature of the fixture will also enable embodiment of late component design changes with minimal time and cost impact. This paper presents the design, manufacture and installation of a reconfigurable fixture to assemble a wing box section in a research environment. This tooling demonstrator is then being used to evaluate the technical and industrial benefits of reconfigurable fixtures for aircraft wing sub assemblies and assemblies at Airbus.
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| 24. |
- Nambiar, Sanjay, 1997-, et al.
(författare)
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Autofix – Automated Design of Fixtures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2732-527X.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a framework to develop the automated design of fixtures using the combination ofdesign automation (DA), multidisciplinary optimization and robotic simulation. MDO necessitates the useof concurrent and parametric designs which are created by DA and knowledge-based engineering tools. Thisapproach is designed to decrease the time and cost of the fixture design process by increasing the degree ofautomation. AutoFix provides methods and tools for automatically optimizing resource-intensive fixturedesign utilizing digital tools from different disciplines.
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| 25. |
- Olsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-efficient drilling using industrial robots with high-bandwidth force feedback
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 26:1, s. 24-38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present a method for high-precision drilling using an industrial robot with high-bandwidth force feedback which is used for building up pressure to clamp-up an end-effector to the work-piece surface prior to drilling, The focus is to eliminate the sliding movement (skating) of the end-effector during the clamp-up of the end-effector to the work-piece surface, an undesired effect that is due to the comparatively low mechanical stiffness of typical serial industrial robots. This compliance also makes the robot deflect due to the cutting forces, resulting in poor hole position accuracy and to some extent in poor hole quality. Recently, functionality for high-bandwidth force control has found its way into industrial robot control systems. This could potentially open up the possibility for robotic drilling systems with improved performance, using only standard systems without excessive extra hardware and calibration techniques. Instead of automation with expensive fixtures and precise machinery, our approach was to make use of standard low-cost robot equipment in combination with sensor feedback. The resulting sliding suppression control results in greatly improved hole positioning and quality. The conceptual idea behind the force control is useful also in many other robotic applications requiring external sensor feedback control.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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