| 1. |
- Acosta, Rafael, et al.
(author)
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A Clinical Review of 9 Years of Free Perforator Flap Breast Reconstructions : An Analysis of 675 Flaps and the Influence of New Techniques on Clinical Practice
- 2011
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In: Journal of reconstructive microsurgery. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0743-684X .- 1098-8947. ; 27:2, s. 91-98
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to review our 9-year experience with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) breast reconstructions to help others more easily overcome the pitfalls we experienced. A chart review was conducted for all 543 patients who had 622 DIEP breast reconstructions in our clinic between January 2000 and January 2009. In this time, there were an additional 28 superior gluteal artery perforator and 25 superficial inferior epigastric artery reconstructions, bringing the total free flap reconstructions to 675. In the early years, the success rate was 90.7%, the average operative time was 7 hours and 18 minutes, and the complication rate was 33.3%; these have improved to 98.2%, 4 hours and 8 minutes, and 19.3%, respectively. We describe our selection criteria, preoperative vascular mapping, surgical techniques, and postoperative monitoring as they relate to these improvements in outcome, operative time, and complications. The DIEP flap is a safe and reliable option in breast reconstructions. By acquiring experience with the flap and introducing new and improving existing techniques we have improved the ease of the procedure and the success rate and have shortened the operative time.
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| 2. |
- Arvidson, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis and hemolytic uremic syndrome after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation
- 2007
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In: Pediatric Transplantation. - : Wiley. - 1397-3142 .- 1399-3046. ; 11:6, s. 689-693
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- TEN and HUS are challenging complications with excessive mortality after HSCT. We report the development of these two conditions in combination in a nine-yr-old boy after HSCT from an unrelated donor. TEN with skin detachment of more than 90% of body surface area developed after initial treatment for GvHD. Within a few days of admission to the burns unit, the patient developed severe hemolysis, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure consistent with HUS, apparently caused by CSA. The management included intensive care in a burns unit, accelerated drug removal using plasmapheresis, and a dedicated multi-disciplinary team approach to balance immunosuppression and infections management in a situation with extensive skin detachment. The patient survived and recovered renal function but requires continued treatment for severe GvHD. Suspecting and identifying causative drugs together with meticulous supportive care in the burns unit is essential in the management of these patients and long-term survival is possible.
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| 3. |
- Audolfsson, Thorir, et al.
(author)
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Nerve Transfers for Facial Transplantation : a cadaveric study for motor and sensory restoration
- 2013
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In: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963). - 0032-1052 .- 1529-4242. ; 131:6, s. 1231-1240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUNDRestoration of facial animation and sensation are highly important for the outcome after facial allotransplantation. The identification of healthy nerves for neurotization, through recipient to donor nerve coaptation, is of particular importance for successful nerve regeneration within the allograft. However, due to the severity of the initial injury and resultant scar formation, a lack of healthy nerve stumps in the recipient is a commonly encountered problem. In this study, we evaluate the technical feasibility of performing nerve transfers in facial transplantation for both sensory and motor neurotization.METHODSFifteen fresh cadaver heads were used in this study. The study was divided in two parts. First, the technical feasibility of nerve transfer from the cervical plexus (CP) to the mental nerve (MN) and the masseter nerve (MaN) to the buccal branches of the facial nerve (BBFN) was assessed. Next, we performed nerve transfers in simulated face transplants to describe the surgical technique focusing on sensory restoration of the midface and upper lip by neurotization of the infraorbital nerve (ION), sensory restoration of the lower lip by neurotization of the MN, and smile reanimation by neurotization of the BBFN.RESULTSIn all specimens coaptation of at least one of branches of the CP to the mental nerve was possible as well as between the masseter nerve to the buccal branch of the facial nerve. In simulated face transplant procedures nerve transfers of the supraorbital nerve (SON) to the infraorbital nerve (ION), cervical plexus branches to the mental nerve, and masseter nerve to facial nerve are all technically possible.CONCLUSIONNerve transfers are a technically feasible option that could theoretically be used in face transplantation either as a primary nerve reconstruction when there are no available healthy nerves, or as a secondary procedure for enhancement of functional outcomes. The supraorbital nerve, branches of the cervical plexus and the masseter nerve are nerves usually located out of the zone of injury and can be selected as neurotizers for the infraorbital nerve, mental nerve and buccal branch of the facial nerve respectively.
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| 4. |
- Blomstrand, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Telemedicine : a complement to traditional referrals in oral medicine
- 2012
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In: Telemedicine journal and e-health. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-5627 .- 1556-3669. ; 18:7, s. 549-553
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction:Introducing telemedicine into clinical practice has not been without difficulties. Within the framework of the European Union project "Health Optimum," telemedicine consultations with specialists at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at Uppsala University Hospital (Uppsala, Sweden) have been offered to dentists in the public dental health service. The aim is to streamline the consultation process, improve/develop the skills of the participating dentists and dental hygienists, and save time and money for patients, healthcare authorities, and society.Subjects and Methods:Patient records are collected in a database for demonstration and discussion, and the system is also available for referrals. Both medical and dental photographs and x-rays are digitized in the same system. These can be viewed during telemedicine rounds and by the consultants at the hospital prior to a consultation. Secure, interactive conferencing software is used, which provides a quick, easy, and effective way to share video and data over the Internet. Both parties can demonstrate different parts of an image using a pointer or a drawing system. Conference phones are presently used for verbal communication.Results:Ten patients were discussed during telemedicine rounds (3 males and 7 females), all of whom would normally have been referred to a specialist. As a result of the telemedicine round, 2 were referred to a specialist, whereas diagnoses were made for the other 8, and treatment was suggested. The dental health clinic could thus provide treatment without the need for referral to a consultant.Conclusions:The telemedicine system described here allows patient care to be provided rapidly and more economically. Future plans include "live" rounds using a videocamera, providing the possibility to relay real-time information about the intraoral situation. A camera is being developed and should preferably be permanently installed chair side.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dyster-Aas, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Return to work and health-related quality of life after burn injury
- 2007
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081 .- 0001-5555. ; 39:1, s. 49-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Although severe burn injury is associated with long-term rehabilitation and disability, research on returning to work in burn patients is limited. The aims of this study were: (i) to explore injury- and personality-related predictors of returning to work, and (ii) to compare health-related quality of life and health outcome in working versus non-working individuals.Design: Cross-sectional study.Subjects: Forty-eight former patients with pre-burn employment were evaluated on average 3.8 years after the burn.Methods: Data were collected from medical records and by a questionnaire in which the patients were asked about their main activity status described in the terms: work, studies, pension, disability pension, sick leave or unemployment. It also contained the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, SF-36, Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief, items assessing fear-avoidance, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results: Thirty-one percent had not returned to work. In logistic regression, returning to work was associated with time since injury, the extent of full-thickness injuries, and the personality trait embitterment. Those who did not work had lower health-related quality of life, poorer burn-specific health, more fear-avoidance and more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, but they did not differ from those who were working regarding general mood.Conclusion: Returning to work was explained by both injury severity and personality characteristics. Those who did not work were characterized by low health-related quality of life and poorer trauma-related physical and psychological health.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Enajat, Morteza, et al.
(author)
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Aesthetic Refinements and Reoperative Procedures Following 370 Consecutive DIEP and SIEA Flap Breast Reconstructions : Important Considerations for Patient Consent
- 2010
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In: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-216X .- 1432-5241. ; 34:3, s. 306-312
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Breast reconstruction often requires multiple operations. In addition to potential complications requiring reoperation, additional procedures are frequently essential in order to complete the reconstructive process, with aesthetic outcome and breast symmetry shown to be the most important factors in patient satisfaction. Despite the importance of these reoperations in decision-making and the consent process, a thorough review of the need for such operations has not been definitively explored. A review of 370 consecutive autologous breast reconstructions (326 patients) was undertaken, comprising 365 deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps and 5 superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps. The need for additional procedures for either complications or aesthetic refinement following initial breast reconstruction was assessed. Overall, there was an average of 1.06 additional interventions for every patient carried out after primary reconstructive surgery. Of 326 patients, 46 underwent early postoperative operations for surgical complications (0.17 additional operations per patient as a consequence of complications). Procedures for aesthetic refinement included those performed on the reconstructed breast, contralateral breast, or abdominal donor site. Procedures for aesthetic refinement included nipple reconstruction, nipple-areola complex tattooing, dog-ear correction, liposuction, lipofilling, scar revision, mastopexy, and reduction mammaplasty. While DIEP flap surgery for breast reconstruction provides favorable results, patients frequently require additional procedures to improve aesthetic outcomes. The need for reoperation is an important part of the consent process prior to reconstructive surgery, and patients should recognize the likelihood of at least one additional procedure following initial reconstruction.
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| 9. |
- Frestadius, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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Intranasal dexmedetomidine and rectal ketamine for young children undergoing burn wound procedures
- 2022
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In: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 48:6, s. 1445-1451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Safe and effective methods for sedation and analgesia in pediatric burn patients are strongly warranted. This retrospective study of electronic health care records aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine combined with rectal ketamine as procedural sedation for young children undergoing dressing changes and debridement of burn wounds.Methods: Documentation was analyzed from 90 procedures in 58 pediatric patients aged <5 years. Safety and efficacy of the method were assessed based on documentation for complications, adverse effects, pain level, level of sedation and preoperative and recovery time.Results: All 90 sedations were completed without significant adverse events with acute airway management or medical intervention. The combination of dexmedetomidine-ketamine produced acceptable analgesia during the procedure and effectively relieved postoperative pain. However, the approach was insufficient for 7/58 patients (7.8%); these patients were converted from the dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination to intravenous anesthesia. In 23% of the cases an extra dose of either ketamine of dexmedetomidine was administered. Moreover, there were two cases of delayed awakening with recovery time >120 min.Conclusion: The drug combination intranasal dexmedetomidine and rectal ketamine is a safe and reliable approach for procedural sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing burn wound procedures, producing a clinically stable sedative condition requiring only basic monitoring.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Kildal, Morten, et al.
(author)
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Coping strategies, injury characteristics and long term outcome after burn injury
- 2005
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In: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 36:4, s. 511-518
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coping consists of cognitive and behavioural strategies aimed at enhancing adaptation, and the use of certain coping strategies is proposed to be beneficial for health. The relationship between coping strategies and burn injury characteristics, sociodemographics and long-term outcome was evaluated in 161 previous victims of severe burn injury. Functional and psychosocial restrictions were measured with the burn specific health scale-brief (BSHS-B) and related to coping strategies measured by the coping with burns questionnaire (CBQ). Patients were on average 47.7 years at measurement of health status and they were assessed 9.2 (S.D. = 4.8) years after injury. The mean area burned was 24.0 and 7.2% was full thickness injury.There was no relation between coping strategies and injury characteristics except in individuals with a full thickness burn exceeding 10%, who exhibited more Revaluation/adjustment. An Avoidant coping strategy was related to work status, marital status and living conditions, and this was the strategy most clearly related to--Bad outcome-- in all scales of the BSHS-B. Emotional support was the most beneficial strategy and was mainly associated with the psychosocial scales of the BSHS-B.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kildal, Morten
(author)
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Perceived Physical and Psychological Outcome After Severe Burn Injury
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is very little data on physical and psychological long-term outcome after severe burn injury. The aim of the present thesis was to improve current instruments for assessment of these issues, to assess long-term outcome in a cohort of patients with burn injuries, and to explore the contribution of the individual factors of personality and coping on perceived outcome.Patients treated at the Burn Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, between 1980 and 1995 were included on a consecutive basis if they were 18 years of age or older at follow-up, had burn injuries of ten percent or more, or hospitalization times of seven days or more. A total of 350 patients fulfilled these inclusion criteria.A factor analytic approach was used to derive a 40-item instrument called the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B), resulting in nine well-defined domains. Most burn patients reported a very good perceived outcome but a subgroup reported problems years after injury. On a group level most problems were related to Heat Sensitivity, Work and Body Image. The depth of injury, gender, marital status and living conditions were all related to outcome. Neurotic personality traits were related to perceived health, and were not confined only to psychological aspects of life but also included physical aspects. A 33-item burn-specific coping scale, the Coping with Burns Questionnaire (CBQ), with six clearly separated domains with acceptable internal consistencies was developed. Coping strategies were strongly related to outcome in the subgroup of patients reporting most problems in perceived health, and coping contributed more to psychosocial than physical health. Avoidant coping and Emotional support seeking had independent effects on outcome.The observation that Neuroticism and Avoidant coping strategies are related to bad outcome after severe burn injury indicates that patients with such characteristics should be given special attention during rehabilitation.
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| 18. |
- Kildal, Morten, et al.
(author)
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Personality characteristics and perceived health problems after burn injury
- 2004
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In: Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation. - 0273-8481 .- 1534-5939. ; 25, s. 228-235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relationship between personality traits and the perceived outcome of burn injury 1 to 18 years (mean, 9.2 years) after severe burn injury was evaluated in 166 individuals treated at the Uppsala Burn Unit. The perceived outcome was measured with the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) and was related to personality traits evaluated by means of the Swedish universities Scales of Personality. After controlling for age at inquiry, time since injury, burn area, and sex, a stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed an association between the Swedish universities Scales of Personality domain Neuroticism and Bad outcome in all BSHS-B domains, both psychosocial and physical, and Insufficient outcome in the domains Work, Body image, Affect, and BSHS-B total score. The neurotic traits Somatic trait anxiety, Psychic trait anxiety, Stress susceptibility, Embitterment, and Mistrust each or in different combinations explained the observed relationships. The data suggest that personality is related to health status because it is perceived a long time after severe burn injury and that its effect is not confined only to psychological but also to physical aspects of life.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Low, Aili Janina, et al.
(author)
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The presence of nightmares as a screening tool for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in burn survivors
- 2006
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In: Journal of Burn Care and Research. - 1559-047X. ; 27:5, s. 727-733
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recurrent nightmares can be a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study evaluated the method of asking burn survivors about nightmares as a screening tool for the presence of PTSD symptomatology. The presence of nightmares in 85 individuals treated at the Burn Center in Uppsala, Sweden, between 1996 and 2000 (23 women, 62 men, average age 47 years, average burn size 17% TBSA, average time after burn 3.6 years) was evaluated by one question from the Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS) and by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for nightmares. PTSD symptomatology was assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Sensitivity, Specificity, Discriminant Ability, and Likelihood Ratios for a positive and a negative result were calculated to evaluate the screening questions. As many as 46% of the burn survivors reported nightmares of some frequency in the BSHS and as many as 28% when using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria. Both approaches were useful tools for detecting or ruling out PTSD symptoms. The best Discriminant Ability was achieved with a screening test using the BSHS item "I have nightmares." Screening questions for presence of nightmares after burns can be useful in detecting PTSD symptomatology.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Heléne, et al.
(author)
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Simulation-assisted burn disaster planning
- 2013
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In: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 39:6, s. 1122-1130
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to evaluate the Swedish medical systems response to a mass casualty burn incident in a rural area with a focus on national coordination of burn care. Data were collected from two simulations of a mass casualty incident with burns in a rural area in the mid portion of Sweden close to the Norwegian border, based on a large inventory of emergency resources available in this area as well as regional hospitals, university hospitals and burn centres in Sweden and abroad. The simulation system Emergo Train System (R) (ETS) was used and risk for preventable death and complications were used as outcome measures: simulation I, 18.5% (n = 13) preventable deaths and 15.5% (n = 11) preventable complications; simulation II, 11.4% (n = 8) preventable deaths and 11.4% (n = 8) preventable complications. The last T1 patient was evacuated after 7 h in simulation I, compared with 5 h in simulation II. Better national coordination of burn care and more timely distribution based on the experience from the first simulation, and possibly a learning effect, led to a better patient outcome in simulation II. The experience using a system that combines both process and outcome indicators can create important results that may support disaster planning.
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| 25. |
- Rodriguez Lorenzo, Andres, et al.
(author)
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Supraorbitary to infraorbitary nerve transfer for restoration of midface sensation in face transplantation : cadaver feasibility study
- 2012
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In: Microsurgery. - : Wiley. - 0738-1085 .- 1098-2752. ; 32:4, s. 309-313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The collected experience from facial allotransplantations has shown that the recovery of sensory function of the face graft is unpredictable. Unavailability of healthy donor nerves, especially in central face defects may contribute to this fact. Herein, the technical feasibility of transferring the supraorbitary nerve (SO) to the infraorbitary nerve (IO) in a model of central facial transplantation was investigated. Methods: Five heads from fresh cadavers were dissected with the aid of 3× loupe magnification. Measurements of the maximum length of dissection of the SO nerve through a supraciliary incision and the IO nerve from the skin of the facial flap to the infraorbital foramen were performed. The distance between supraorbital and infraorbital foramens and the calibers of both nerves were also measured. In all dissections, we simulated a central allotransplantation procedure and assessed the feasibility of directly transferring the SO to the IO nerve. Results: The average maximum length of dissection for the IO and SO nerve was 1.4 ± 0.3 cm and 4.5 ± 1.0 cm, respectively. The average distance between the infraorbital and supraorbital foramina was 4.6 ± 0.3 cm. The average calibers of the nerves were of 1.1 ± 0.2 mm for the SO nerve and 2.9 ± 0.4 mm for the IO nerve. We were able to perform tension-free SO to IO nerve coaptations in all specimens. Conclusion: SO to IO nerve transfer is an anatomically feasible procedure in central facial allotransplantation. This technique could be used to improve the restoration of midfacial sensation by the use of a healthy recipient nerve in case of the recipient IO nerves are not available secondary to high-energy trauma.
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| 26. |
- Smit, J. M., et al.
(author)
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Post operative monitoring of microvascular breast reconstructions using the implantable Cook-Swartz doppler system : A study of 145 probes & technical discussion
- 2009
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In: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1748-6815. ; 62:10, s. 1286-1292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Accurate post operative assessment of free tissue transfers is challenging despite all the subjective and objective techniques available today. In our continual search to optimise patient outcomes, we introduced the Cook-Swartz probe into our clinical practice in May 2006. Methods: We present our single centre experience in 103 patients undergoing 121 microvascular breast reconstructions and monitored using implantable Cook-Swartz venous dopplers between May 2006 and January 2008. Results: In total, we used 145 probes on 121 microvascular breast reconstructions (DIEP = 102, SIEP = 15, SGAP = 4) in 103 female patients. The mean operative time was 4 h and 55 min (mu = 295; range 117-630; o' +/- 101 min) and we suffered 2 complete flap losses. A problem with the audible signal was noted in 15 patients (4 intra-operatively). We revised 14 of the 15. All fourteen had compromised anastomoses. In the remaining case, the patient was not returned to theatre as the primary surgeon was confident there were no other signs of vascular compromise. Overall, when using the venous doppler probe we found a false positive rate of 6.7% and 0% false negatives. Discussion: We advocate the use of a Cook-Swartz probe which has been well received by both surgeons, nursing staff and patients, as an adjunct to traditional clinical monitoring techniques. We also include a comprehensive experience based technical discussion concerning its application, attachment, use and post-operative removal.
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| 27. |
- Smit, Jeroen M., et al.
(author)
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Preoperative CT angiography reduces surgery time in perforator flap reconstruction
- 2009
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In: Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS. - : Elsevier BV. - 1748-6815. ; 62:9, s. 1112-1117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of perforator flaps in breast reconstructions has increased considerably in the past decade. A disadvantage of the perforator flap is difficult dissection, which results in a longer procedure. During spring 2006, we introduced CT angiography (CTA) as part of the diagnostic work-up in perforator flap reconstructions to visualise each perforator more accurately. The main objectives were to reduce surgery time and the number of complications. A chart review was conducted 1 year after CTA introduction to investigate if these objectives were met. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap who underwent preoperative analysis through CTA were retrospectively evaluated. The population <0.001) than in the control group, 264 min (SD+/-62) versus 354 min (SD+/-83), respectively. There was a tendency for fewer complications in the CTA group compared with the control group. All flaps were successful in the CTA group. In the control group, one flap failed and partial necrosis occurred in three flaps. The differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CTA in the assessment of vascular anatomy during perforator flap reconstruction was safe and reliable. It helped reduce surgery time, and may prevent the number of postoperative complications.
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| 28. |
- Sundbom, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Patient-reported experience and outcome measures during treatment for gastroesophageal cancer
- 2020
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In: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Wiley. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 29:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveGastroesophageal cancer has high mortality, and continuous assessment of patient‐reported data is salient for optimisation of supportive care. We aimed to evaluate our multidisciplinary concept with respect to patient‐reported variables.MethodsAt diagnosis and later during the treatment, three areas of patient‐reported measures were evaluated: the given information and care, fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory [MFI‐20]), dysphagia (Ogilvie dysphagia score) and weight loss.ResultsOf 130 outpatients, planned for a surgical procedure and given a contact nurse (CN), 106 responded. During treatment, 81% of the patients were satisfied with their CN. The given information was considered very good or good by >90% and easily understood. Half of the patients reported need for supportive care, which was rated good by 85%. All dimensions of the MFI‐20 test, except mental fatigue, worsened during the treatment period. At diagnosis, 61% of the patients experienced eating problems, leading to 7% weight loss. Although dysphagia improved, weight loss reached 13% at the end of treatment.ConclusionA multidisciplinary concept can be of value in giving appropriate and understandable information, leading to high satisfaction with the provided care. However, as fatigue and weight loss increased during the treatment period, patients need structured multidisciplinary support.
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| 29. |
- Svee, Andreas, 1984-
(author)
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Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction after mastectomy : An analysis of long-term outcomes and potential complications
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis evaluated the long-term effects and satisfaction with outcomes following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)-based breast reconstruction after mastectomyPaper I is a retrospective cohort study of women who received a unilateral DIEP in 2000–2009 (n = 225) in Uppsala. These women were compared with individually matched women who underwent mastectomy without autologous reconstruction (n = 450). Recurrence and survival were primary endpoints. Both groups demonstrated a similar risk of recurrence. However, the DIEP group had a significant survival advantage not persisting after adjusting for tumor characteristics.Paper II examined whether breast reconstruction using a DIEP flap is associated with volume changes or arm lymphedema symptoms. It hypothesized that compared with DIEP reconstructions without using the cephalic vein (CV), that using CV is not associated with ipsilateral lymphedema. Patients completed the Lymphedema Quality of Life Inventory questionnaire to assess postoperative lymphedema symptoms. CV was found to be potentially useful as an extra venous outflow in DIEP breast reconstructions without increasing the risk of ipsilateral arm swelling or lymphedema symptoms.Paper III evaluated the aesthetic outcome and satisfaction with the appearance of abdominal-based breast reconstruction in the long-term. Patients responded to the postoperative BREAST-Q model, and their photographs were at a mean of 11 years postoperatively. The outcomes of the BREAST-Q and available normative scales were compared. The photographs were assessed by two panels, comprising eight professionals and lay individuals, respectively. According to patients, professionals, and lay observers, abdominal-based breast reconstructions yielded good term aesthetic outcomes.Paper IV is a retrospective study of long-term changes in the donor site after harvesting the DIEP flap. Patients were invited to complete BREAST-Q questionnaires regarding the abdomen. The follow-up period was >8 years. Most participants reported no abdominal pain and expressed satisfaction with their abdominal appearance. The outcomes were compared between women with DIEP and women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer without abdominal-based breast reconstruction. DIEP breast reconstruction did not cause donor site morbidity and women with DIEP reconstruction were more likely satisfied with their abdominal appearance.Briefly, DIEP flap breast reconstruction yields long-lasting favorable outcomes for women undergoing mastectomy.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Wikehult, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Patient satisfaction with burn care 1-6 years after injury
- 2008
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In: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 34:6, s. 783-790
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patient satisfaction is an important outcome in health care but has not been studied in relation to burn care. The aim was to explore factors related to satisfaction with care 1-6 years after a burn. Participants were 86 adult burn patients, injured on average 3.6 years previously. The Patient Satisfaction-Results and Quality (PS-RESKVA) was used to assess satisfaction. It has four subscales: Quality of contact with the nursing staff (QCN), Quality of contact with the medical staff (QCM), Adequate treatment information (INF) and Global satisfaction with treatment (GS). Further, data were gathered regarding personality traits and health. Average scores for QCN were significantly higher than scores for the other subscales, and INF received the lowest mean score. In multiple regressions, the PS-RESKVA subscales were associated with better interpersonal relationships (all PS-RESKVA subscales), more sensation seeking (QCM, INF, and GS) and less aggressiveness (QCM and GS). Other variables contributed to a lesser degree. Total amount of explained variance ranged between 18% and 25% for the PS-RESKVA subscales. In summary, satisfaction with burn care was only moderately explained by health and personality characteristics. Further, former patients rated satisfaction with nursing staff higher than other aspects of care, especially information routines.
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| 32. |
- Wikehult, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Use of healthcare a long time after severe burn injury : relation to perceived health and personality characteristics
- 2005
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In: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 27:15, s. 863-870
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate which factors are associated with the use of healthcare a long time after severe burn injury. Method. After a review process based on clinical reasoning, 69 former burn patients out of a consecutive group treated at the Uppsala Burn Unit from 1980 – 1995 were visited in their homes and their use of care and support was assessed in a semi-structured interview. Post-burn health was assessed with the Burn-Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) and personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP). Results. The participants were injured on average eight years previously. Thirty-four had current contact with healthcare due to their burn injury and had significantly lower scores on three BSHS-B-domains: Simple Abilities, Work and Hand function, and significantly higher scores for the SSP-domain Neuroticism and the SSP-scales Stress Susceptibility, Lack of Assertiveness, and lower scores for Social Desirability. There was no relation to age, gender, time since injury, length of stay, or to the surface area burned. Conclusions. A routine screening of personality traits as a supplement to long-term follow-ups may help in identifying the patient's need for care.
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| 33. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(author)
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A simplified domain structure of the Burn-Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) : A tool to improve its value in routine clinical work
- 2008
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In: Journal of Trauma. - 0022-5282 .- 1529-8809. ; 64:6, s. 1581-1586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Injury-specific instruments with good psychometric properties are valuable in the assessment of health status after trauma. Previous studies of burn-specific health have attempted to create broad domains such as physical and psychological health, but these domains have not been validated. In this study, burn-specific health domains were explored and validated by a factor analytic approach.Methods:Participants were 334 former burn patients injured between 1980 and 2000. Data were collected from medical charts and by a postal questionnaire, the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B). The nine subscales of the BSHS-B were subjected to second-order factor analysis. The sample was split into two subsamples that were equal with respect to burn severity.Results:The factor structure was well replicated in each of the subsamples and in the total sample. Three internally consistent and well separated domains were derived: affect and relations (BSHS-B subscales interpersonal relationships, affect, sexuality), function (simple abilities, hand function), and skin involvement (heat sensitivity, treatment regimens, body image). The work subscale of the BSHS-B was excluded from the analysis because of consistent double loadings. The three domains had intelligible associations with injury-specific and sociodemographic variables.Conclusion:The underlying structure of the BSHS-B comprises three clinically meaningful health domains. The work subscale is not part of these domains and can be considered a separate outcome domain. The domain scores increase the understanding of outcome after burn injury and could prove useful in clinical use of the BSHS-B.
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| 34. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(author)
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Burn Specific Health up to 24 Months After the Burn : A Prospective Validation of the Simplified Model of the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief
- 2011
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In: Journal of Trauma. - 0022-5282 .- 1529-8809. ; 71:1, s. 78-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Outcome after burn injury is a multidimensional concept, but few multidimensional, injury-specific outcome measures have been psychometrically evaluated. A recent cross-sectional study using the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) found three psychometrically sound health domains: function, skin involvement, and affect and relations. The aim of this study was to reexamine the psychometric properties of the BSHS-B using a prospective study design. Methods: Ninety-four consecutive adult patients with burns were included and asked to fill in questionnaires, the BSHS-B, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the short-form 36 (SF-36), at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postburn. Results: The factor structure was replicated and the three domains, function, skin involvement, and affect and relations, had excellent internal consistency. Over time the scores of function and skin involvement increased, indicating health improvement, whereas the domain affect and relations did not change over time. At 6 months and 12 months postburn, all domains were associated with burn severity. The function domain was highly associated with the SF-36 subscales physical functioning and role-physical, the affect and relations domain was highly associated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the SF-36 subscales denoting psychological health, and the domain skin involvement was highly associated with subscales indicating role-concerns, social functioning, vitality, and mental health. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the BSHS-B domains were excellent and they had intelligible concurrent associations with other measures. Thus, the simplified model of the BSHS-B is a reliable, valid, and useful tool in describing postburn health over time.
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| 35. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive distortions in recovered burn patients : the emotional Stroop task and autobiographical memory test
- 2002
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In: Burns. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 28:5, s. 465-471
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore cognitive distortions in recovered burn patients. Previous studies in trauma patients have shown trauma-specific attentional bias, long response latencies, and deficits in memory specificity. Eighteen former patients, burn injured 5-19 years ago and 18 matched controls performed the emotional Stroop task, including burn and general trauma-related words, and the autobiographical memory test (AMT). In addition, verbal fluency, life events, and current mood were assessed. Regarding the Stroop task, the recovered patients had longer response latencies to burn words than to neutral and trauma words, a difference not seen in the control subjects. Regarding the AMT, the memory specificity did not differ between the groups. Overall, the former patients had longer latencies than the controls and poorer verbal fluency. The present study showed that recovered burn patients display a moderate Stroop effect, i.e. an attentional bias, in spite of the fact that the injury occurred several years before the testing. This may imply that the recovered burn patients consider the burn an important issue in life. The post-burn patients also presented signs of a slight cognitive slowness as compared to the controls. This finding deserves further attention in the rehabilitation of burn patients.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(author)
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Pruritus, personality traits, and coping in long-term follow-up of burn injured patients
- 2004
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 84, s. 375-380
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Pruritus is a health problem after severe burn injury. In general, chronic pruritus is associated with psychological variables such as personality and coping. These associations have not been explored in burn patients, and long-term follow-ups are lacking. Objectives To assess frequency of pruritus and the role of personality traits and coping in pruritus long after a burn injury. Patients and methods The participants were recovered burn victims treated at the Burn Unit of Uppsala University Hospital 1-18 (mean 9.3) years earlier. Pruritus was assessed with one item in the Burn Specific Health Scale, personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, and coping was assessed with the Coping with Burns Questionnaire. Results Almost 60% of the participants had pruritus at follow-up. In stepwise logistic regressions, the personality trait Psychic trait anxiety and extent of burn (TBSA) explained 14 % of occasional pruritus. Further, 39 % of persistent pruritus was explained by the trait Lack of assertiveness, and the coping styles Instrumental action and Emotional Support, TBSA, and time since injury. Conclusion The majority of recovered burn patients reported chronic post-burn pruritus. Besides recency and extent of injury, maladaptive personality traits and coping styles were associated with the rating of pruritus. Psychological or psychiatric assessments may therefore be useful in the clinical follow-up of burn patients with chronic pruritus.
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| 40. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(author)
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Pruritus, personality traits and coping in long-term follow-up of burn-injured patients
- 2004
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In: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 84:5, s. 375-80
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Pruritus is a major problem after burn injury; however, prevalence and predictors of prolonged pruritus are not known. The aims were to assess frequency of pruritus and the role of personality traits and coping in prolonged pruritus. The participants were burn patients injured 1-18 years earlier (n=248). Pruritus was assessed with an item from the Abbreviated Burn Specific Health Scale, personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, and coping with the Coping with Burns Questionnaire. In all, 60% of the participants had pruritus at follow-up, however as the time after injury increased, the number of patients with persistent itch decreased. In logistic regression, 39% of the likelihood of having persistent pruritus was explained by greater extent of burn, less time after injury, and psychological features (being less assertive, and using more instrumental but less emotional support). In summary, chronic burn-related pruritus is rather common and psychological factors such as anxiety-related traits and coping are significantly associated with its presence.
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| 41. |
- Öster, Caisa, et al.
(author)
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Health-related quality of life after a severe burn : a prospective study
- 2009
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In: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 35:Suppl 1, s. S27-S27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rationale: Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is defined as the impact an injury or illness has on quality of life, including the individual's perception of his or her injury or illness. The aim of this study was to investigate changes over time in HRQoL in burn-injured adults using the EQ-5D instrument. Methods: Participants were 88 consecutively included burn patients treated at the Uppsala University Hospital Burn Center. Their mean age was 43.3 (SD 15.5), total body surface area burned 24.4 (SD 19.8) and full-thickness burn 10.7 (SD 14.5). The participants completed the EQ-5D during hospitalisation, and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after injury. The EQ-5D includes five dimensions: Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression. Within each dimension there are three severity levels: no problems, moderate problems or severe problems. In addition the participants rate their health state on a VAS scale from 0 to 100. In a follow-up study the participants completed the EQ-5D in average 4.5 years after burn, with a range of 2–7 years. Pre- and post-burn psychiatric morbidity were assessed as well as burn characteristics. Results: The mean EQ utility index score improved on a group level from 0.15 at baseline to 0.72 at 24 months after the burn. In average 4.5 years after the burn the index score was 0.79. All scores were below the population norm. The VAS score improved from 48.3 at baseline to 72.5 at 24 months after burn. In spite of the fact that utility scores and VAS scores have improved more than half of the participants reported problems in the dimension Pain/Discomfort and one fifth reported problems in Usual Activities, in average 4.5 years after burn. Psychiatric morbidity pre- and post-burn as well as burn characteristics will be discussed. Conclusion: Burn injured adults have evident impairments in HRQoL even many years after burn. Most pronounced are problems in Pain/Discomfort and Usual Activities.
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| 42. |
- Öster, Caisa, et al.
(author)
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Return to Work After Burn Injury : Burn-Injured Individuals' Perception of Barriers and Facilitators
- 2010
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In: Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association. - 1559-0488. ; 31:4, s. 540-550
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore burn-injured individuals' perception of factors seen as facilitators or barriers in the process of returning to work after a severe burn injury. Semistructured interviews were prospectively conducted with 39 former burn injury patients, admitted to the Uppsala Burn Center between March 2000 and March 2007. The participants were employed or studying at the time of injury and were interviewed on average 4.6 years after the burn. The interview data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Factors acknowledged by the participants as facilitators and barriers to return to work (RTW) were identified and sorted into five categories: the Individual, Social Life, Health Care and Rehabilitation, the Workplace, and Social Welfare Agencies. Facilitators were perceived to a great extent as individual characteristics, such as own ability to take action, setting up goals in rehabilitation, having willpower, being persistent, and learning to live with impairments. The possibility of getting modified work tasks or a change of workplace, when having physical or psychological impairments, was also seen as facilitating factors. Some barriers experienced as delaying RTW were difficulties when ceasing pain medication, limited knowledge of wound care at primary health care facilities, lack of individualized rehabilitation plans, and lack of psychological support during rehabilitation. Former burn injury patients emphasized psychological resources and capabilities as facilitators in the RTW process. The need in rehabilitation for a coordinator and for assessment of work capacity, and not solely a focus on impairments, is discussed.
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| 43. |
- Öster, Caisa
(author)
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Return to Work and Health-related Quality of Life after Severe Burn
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A major burn is one of the most severe traumas a person can experience, and recovery can be a protracted process. The principal aim was to increase the knowledge base regarding factors related to return to work and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after burns. Patients treated at the Uppsala Burn Center between 2000 and 2007 were included on a consecutive basis. Assessments were made at hospitalization, and thereafter and included a home visit 2 to 7 years after injury. The psychometric properties of the generic HRQoL instrument EQ-5D were investigated. The results support the use of EQ-5D as an adjunct to burn-specific assessments of HRQoL. Most former patients exhibited a good HRQoL at 2 to 7 years postburn. Not working at the time of injury and having PTSD at 12 months, as well as having low scores on the EQ VAS at 12 months, were related to a worse EQ VAS score at 2 to 7 years after injury. The majority of former patients had returned to work 2 to 7 years postburn. Time to return to work was predicted by length of hospital stay and a personality disorder diagnosis. Predictors for not returning to work were length of stay and having any anxiety or substance use disorder prior to injury. Those who were not back at work reported lower generic and burn-specific health, and exhibited more psychiatric morbidity at follow-up than those who were working. The latter group exhibited HRQoL that was comparable to that of the general population. Participants emphasized their own psychological resources and capabilities as facilitators in the process of returning to active work. The findings suggest that an early and systematic approach for assessing recognized risk factors enhances the possibility of discovering patients at risk of developing problems during postburn adaptation.
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| 44. |
- Öster, Caisa, et al.
(author)
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Validation of the EQ-5D questionnaire in burn injured adults
- 2009
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In: Burns. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 35:5, s. 723-732
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important aspect of adaptation after burn. The EQ-5D is a standardized generic instrument for assessing HRQoL. Its psychometric properties in a group of burn injured individuals are, however, not known. METHODS: Seventy-eight consecutive patients admitted to a burn unit were included in a prospective longitudinal study. The participants completed the EQ-5D during acute care, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the burn. At 6 and 12 months after the burn they also completed the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B). RESULTS: High feasibility of the EQ-5D was demonstrated through a high response rate and a low proportion of missing or invalid answers. The floor and ceiling effects were small. Construct validity was demonstrated through good differentiation between health states and good discrimination of health states over time. The EQ-5D was associated with burn severity and discriminated between clinical subgroups in an expected manner. Criterion validity was demonstrated through significant correlations between the EQ-5D and subscales of the SF-36 and the BSHS-B. CONCLUSIONS: The EQ-5D has good psychometric properties, it is short and easy to administer and thus useful in assessment of HRQoL after burn.
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